An important method for finding the optimal solution for linear and nonlinear models is the graphical method, which is used if the linear or nonlinear mathematical model contains one, two, or three variables. The models that contain only two variables are among the most models for which the optimal solution has been obtained graphically, whether these models are linear or non-linear in references and research that are concerned with the science of operations research, when the data of the issue under study is classical data. In this research, we will present a study through, which we present the graphical method for solving Neutrosophical nonlinear models in the following case: A nonlinear programming issue, the objective function is a nonlinear function, and the constraints are linear functions. Note that we can use the same method if (i) the objective function follower is a linear follower and the constraints are nonlinear; (ii) the objective function is a non-linear follower and the constraints are non-linear. In the three cases, the nonlinear models are neutrosophic, and as we know, the mathematical model is a nonlinear model if any of the components of the objective function or the constraints are nonlinear expressions, and the nonlinear expressions may be in both. At the left end of the constraints are neutrosophic values, at least one or all of them. Then, the possible solutions to the neutrosophic nonlinear programming problem are the set of rays NX ∈ Rn that fulfills all the constraints. As for the region of possible solutions, it is the region that contains all the rays that fulfill the constraints. The optimal solution is the beam that fulfills all constraints and at which the function reaches a maximum or minimum value, depending on the nature of the issue under study (noting that it is not necessary to be alone).
{"title":"Graphical Method for Solving Neutrosophical Nonlinear Programming Models","authors":"Maissam Jdid, F. Smarandache","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.67","url":null,"abstract":"An important method for finding the optimal solution for linear and nonlinear models is the graphical method, which is used if the linear or nonlinear mathematical model contains one, two, or three variables. The models that contain only two variables are among the most models for which the optimal solution has been obtained graphically, whether these models are linear or non-linear in references and research that are concerned with the science of operations research, when the data of the issue under study is classical data. In this research, we will present a study through, which we present the graphical method for solving Neutrosophical nonlinear models in the following case: A nonlinear programming issue, the objective function is a nonlinear function, and the constraints are linear functions. Note that we can use the same method if (i) the objective function follower is a linear follower and the constraints are nonlinear; (ii) the objective function is a non-linear follower and the constraints are non-linear. In the three cases, the nonlinear models are neutrosophic, and as we know, the mathematical model is a nonlinear model if any of the components of the objective function or the constraints are nonlinear expressions, and the nonlinear expressions may be in both. At the left end of the constraints are neutrosophic values, at least one or all of them. Then, the possible solutions to the neutrosophic nonlinear programming problem are the set of rays NX ∈ Rn that fulfills all the constraints. As for the region of possible solutions, it is the region that contains all the rays that fulfill the constraints. The optimal solution is the beam that fulfills all constraints and at which the function reaches a maximum or minimum value, depending on the nature of the issue under study (noting that it is not necessary to be alone).","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130078444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Nur Idara Binti Rosli, Mohammad Izat Emir Bin Zulkifly
This study introduces a B-spline curve interpolation model based on the neutrosophic set technique. To begin, the neutrosophic notion is used to define the neutrosophic control point relation. After that, the neutrosophic control point is combined with the B-spline basis function. Besides, the neutrosophic B-spline curve interpolation model is illustrated using the interpolation method. Furthermore, an example and the methods are shown for creating the right curve.
{"title":"A Neutrosophic Approach for B-Spline Curve by Using Interpolation Method","authors":"Siti Nur Idara Binti Rosli, Mohammad Izat Emir Bin Zulkifly","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.43","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a B-spline curve interpolation model based on the neutrosophic set technique. To begin, the neutrosophic notion is used to define the neutrosophic control point relation. After that, the neutrosophic control point is combined with the B-spline basis function. Besides, the neutrosophic B-spline curve interpolation model is illustrated using the interpolation method. Furthermore, an example and the methods are shown for creating the right curve.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115930761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to examine the perception that school children with obesity, when excluded from organized academic performance and constrained to their residences during the coronavirus epidemic 2019, will reveal negative consequences in health behaviors. To meet the objective, the concept of Plithogenic Single valued fuzzy sets (PSFS) and their aggregation operators were introduced. Based on the proposed theory, an analysis is presented with the case study to highlight its practicality and preciseness.
{"title":"An Analysis of Obesity in School Children during the Pandemic COVID-19 Using Plithogenic Single Valued Fuzzy Sets","authors":"S.P.Priyadharshini, F. Nirmala Irudayam","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.51","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to examine the perception that school children with obesity, when excluded from organized academic performance and constrained to their residences during the coronavirus epidemic 2019, will reveal negative consequences in health behaviors. To meet the objective, the concept of Plithogenic Single valued fuzzy sets (PSFS) and their aggregation operators were introduced. Based on the proposed theory, an analysis is presented with the case study to highlight its practicality and preciseness.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127042874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of the research involves elaborating on the topics of statistical convergence, including statistical Cauchy sequences within non-Archimedean Neutrosophic normed spaces, as well as achieving specific useful conclusions. The present research shows how, within a non-Archimedean field, certain sections of statistically convergent sequences that could not be true often become true. Likewise, we created statistically complete and statistically continuous spaces for such regions that demonstrated certain essential facts. κ indicates a complete field of non-Archimedean and non-trivially valued research.
{"title":"A New Approach for the Statistical Convergence over Non-Archimedean Fields in Neutrosophic Normed Spaces","authors":"None M. Jeyaraman, None Iswariya. S","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.52","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the research involves elaborating on the topics of statistical convergence, including statistical Cauchy sequences within non-Archimedean Neutrosophic normed spaces, as well as achieving specific useful conclusions. The present research shows how, within a non-Archimedean field, certain sections of statistically convergent sequences that could not be true often become true. Likewise, we created statistically complete and statistically continuous spaces for such regions that demonstrated certain essential facts. κ indicates a complete field of non-Archimedean and non-trivially valued research.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Naeem Saleem, None Umar Ishtiaq, None Khaleel Ahmad, None Salvatore Sessa, None Ferdinando Di Martino
In this manuscript, we establish the notion of neutrosophic rectangular extended b-metric spaces and derive some fixed point results for contraction mappings. Also, we provide several non-trivial examples. Our results are more generalized with respect to the existing ones in the literature. At the end of the paper, we provide an application to non-linear fractional differential equations to test the validity of the results.
{"title":"Fixed Point Results in Neutrosophic Rectangular Extended b-Metric Spaces","authors":"None Naeem Saleem, None Umar Ishtiaq, None Khaleel Ahmad, None Salvatore Sessa, None Ferdinando Di Martino","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.63","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, we establish the notion of neutrosophic rectangular extended b-metric spaces and derive some fixed point results for contraction mappings. Also, we provide several non-trivial examples. Our results are more generalized with respect to the existing ones in the literature. At the end of the paper, we provide an application to non-linear fractional differential equations to test the validity of the results.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to study some covering properties in neutrosophic topological spaces using neutrosophic b-open sets. We define neutrosophic b-open cover, neutrosophic b-compactness, neutrosophic countably b-compactness neutrosophic b-Lindelofness, neutrosophic local b-compactness and study various properties entangled with them. We study some covering properties involving neutrosophic continuous, neutrosophic b-continuous and neutrosophic b*-continuous functions. Lastly, we define neutrosophic base, neutrosophic subbase, neutrosophic second countability via neutrosophic b-open sets and investigate some properties.
{"title":"Covering Properties via Neutrosophic b-open Sets","authors":"Sudeep Dey, Gautam Chandra","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.66","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to study some covering properties in neutrosophic topological spaces using neutrosophic b-open sets. We define neutrosophic b-open cover, neutrosophic b-compactness, neutrosophic countably b-compactness neutrosophic b-Lindelofness, neutrosophic local b-compactness and study various properties entangled with them. We study some covering properties involving neutrosophic continuous, neutrosophic b-continuous and neutrosophic b*-continuous functions. Lastly, we define neutrosophic base, neutrosophic subbase, neutrosophic second countability via neutrosophic b-open sets and investigate some properties.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115601568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been an increasing tendency for the generation of energy from diverse renewable resources because of the application of contemporary pollution mitigation and justification regulations. Precisely a consequence, choosing the best renewable energy source might be considered a challenging issue given the complexity of the future conditions in any society. Environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects are merely some of the factors that are taken into consideration while evaluating renewable energy sources (RnESs). The suitable RES selection problem, which relies on ambiguous and imprecise data, is also influenced by a variety of circumstances. Hence, this study constructs multi-stages intelligent decision-making model (MsIDMM) based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with support with neutrosophic theory especially, interval valued neutrosophic sets to rank the sources of renewable energy. Ultimately, combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method under interval-valued neutrosophic sets is used to rank the sources of renewable energy.
{"title":"Toward Energy Transformation: Intelligent Decision-Making Model Based on Uncertainty Neutrosophic Theory","authors":"Mona Mohamed, Nissreen A. S. El-Saber","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.65","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing tendency for the generation of energy from diverse renewable resources because of the application of contemporary pollution mitigation and justification regulations. Precisely a consequence, choosing the best renewable energy source might be considered a challenging issue given the complexity of the future conditions in any society. Environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects are merely some of the factors that are taken into consideration while evaluating renewable energy sources (RnESs). The suitable RES selection problem, which relies on ambiguous and imprecise data, is also influenced by a variety of circumstances. Hence, this study constructs multi-stages intelligent decision-making model (MsIDMM) based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with support with neutrosophic theory especially, interval valued neutrosophic sets to rank the sources of renewable energy. Ultimately, combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method under interval-valued neutrosophic sets is used to rank the sources of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public gatherings, transit hubs, stadiums, and crowded retail malls are just a few examples of places where crowd management has become an urgent issue in recent years. Effective crowd management strategies have been required due to the increasing population, urbanization, and frequency of large-scale meetings. These strategies are used in dynamic, sometimes chaotic circumstances to protect people and facilitate their free movement. The purpose of this study is to analyze and rank various strategies for crowd management to reduce risks of crushes and stampedes, improve security, and facilitate smoother traffic flow. This study used the single-valued neutrosophic set to deal with uncertain and vague information in the evaluation process. There are various factors in ranking the various strategies. So, the concept of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to deal with various criteria. The neutrosophic set integrated with the MCDM methodologies to rank various strategies. This study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to compute the weights of factors. Then the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the various strategies. An application was conducted to apply the proposed method. The outcome shows the safety and security factor is the heights important. The sensitivity analysis is applied to show the rank of strategies under various weights of factors. Finally, the comparative analysis is applied to show the robustness of the proposed method compared with other MCDM methods.
{"title":"Ranking and Analysis the Strategies of Crowd Management to Reduce the Risks of Crushes and Stampedes in Crowded Environments and Ensure the Safety of Passengers","authors":"Waleed Tawfiq Al-Nami","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.50","url":null,"abstract":"Public gatherings, transit hubs, stadiums, and crowded retail malls are just a few examples of places where crowd management has become an urgent issue in recent years. Effective crowd management strategies have been required due to the increasing population, urbanization, and frequency of large-scale meetings. These strategies are used in dynamic, sometimes chaotic circumstances to protect people and facilitate their free movement. The purpose of this study is to analyze and rank various strategies for crowd management to reduce risks of crushes and stampedes, improve security, and facilitate smoother traffic flow. This study used the single-valued neutrosophic set to deal with uncertain and vague information in the evaluation process. There are various factors in ranking the various strategies. So, the concept of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to deal with various criteria. The neutrosophic set integrated with the MCDM methodologies to rank various strategies. This study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to compute the weights of factors. Then the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the various strategies. An application was conducted to apply the proposed method. The outcome shows the safety and security factor is the heights important. The sensitivity analysis is applied to show the rank of strategies under various weights of factors. Finally, the comparative analysis is applied to show the robustness of the proposed method compared with other MCDM methods.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work introduces a novel methodology to establish the relationship between capacitance and resistance when dealing with imprecise data obtained from LCR meters. The proposed relationship is based on the principles of neutrosophic statistics, enabling the utilization of interval data of resistance or capacitance without losing the indeterminacy of the intervals. By employing this relationship, we can accurately determine capacitance values from interval data of resistance, thereby generating more flexible and informative graphs. Additionally, we have applied the neutrosophic analysis method to the interval data of resistance to further enhance our findings. The comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and neutrosophic analysis over classical or pre-existing methods, highlighting their enhanced flexibility and information content.
{"title":"New Statistical Methodology for Capacitor Data Analysis via LCR Meter","authors":"U. Afzal, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"This research work introduces a novel methodology to establish the relationship between capacitance and resistance when dealing with imprecise data obtained from LCR meters. The proposed relationship is based on the principles of neutrosophic statistics, enabling the utilization of interval data of resistance or capacitance without losing the indeterminacy of the intervals. By employing this relationship, we can accurately determine capacitance values from interval data of resistance, thereby generating more flexible and informative graphs. Additionally, we have applied the neutrosophic analysis method to the interval data of resistance to further enhance our findings. The comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and neutrosophic analysis over classical or pre-existing methods, highlighting their enhanced flexibility and information content.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an improved paper of [10], where we recall the definitions together with practical applications of the Soft Set and its extensions to HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set.
{"title":"New Types of Soft Sets” HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set”: An Improved Version","authors":"F. Smarandache","doi":"10.61356/j.nswa.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"This is an improved paper of [10], where we recall the definitions together with practical applications of the Soft Set and its extensions to HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set.","PeriodicalId":169974,"journal":{"name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127585657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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