Robert J. Lennox, Henrik H. Berntsen, ?se Helen Garseth, Scott G. Hinch, Kjetil Hindar, Ola Ugedal, Kjell R. Utne, Knut Wiik Vollset, Frederick G. Whoriskey, Eva B. Thorstad
While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusca Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems.
{"title":"Prospects for the future of pink salmon in three oceans: From the native Pacific to the novel Arctic and Atlantic","authors":"Robert J. Lennox, Henrik H. Berntsen, ?se Helen Garseth, Scott G. Hinch, Kjetil Hindar, Ola Ugedal, Kjell R. Utne, Knut Wiik Vollset, Frederick G. Whoriskey, Eva B. Thorstad","doi":"10.1111/faf.12760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12760","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus gorbusca</i> Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6024701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kira Lancker, Rudi Voss, Fabian Zimmermann, Martin F. Quaas
Reliable stock assessments are essential for successful and sustainable fisheries management. Advanced stock assessment methods are expensive, as they require age- or length-structured catch and detailed fishery-independent data, which prevents their widespread use, especially in developing regions. Furthermore, modern fisheries management increasingly includes socio-economic considerations. Integrated ecological-economic advice can be provided by bio-economic models, but this requires the estimation of economic parameters. To improve accuracy of data-limited stock assessment while jointly estimating biological and economic parameters, we propose to use price data, in addition to catches, in a new bio-economic stock assessment (‘BESA’) approach for de-facto open access stocks. Price data are widely available, also in the Global South. BESA is based on a state-space approach and uncovers biomass dynamics by use of the extended Kalman filter in combination with Bayesian estimation. We show that estimates for biological and economic parameters can be obtained jointly, with reliability gains for the stock assessment from the additional information inherent in price data, compared to alternative assessment methods for data-poor stocks. In a real-world application to Barents Sea shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Pandalidae), we show that BESA benchmarks well also against advanced stock assessment results. BESA can thus be both a stand-alone approach for currently unassessed stocks as well as a complement to other available methods by providing bio-economic information for advanced fisheries management.
{"title":"Using the best of two worlds: A bio-economic stock assessment (BESA) method using catch and price data","authors":"Kira Lancker, Rudi Voss, Fabian Zimmermann, Martin F. Quaas","doi":"10.1111/faf.12759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable stock assessments are essential for successful and sustainable fisheries management. Advanced stock assessment methods are expensive, as they require age- or length-structured catch and detailed fishery-independent data, which prevents their widespread use, especially in developing regions. Furthermore, modern fisheries management increasingly includes socio-economic considerations. Integrated ecological-economic advice can be provided by bio-economic models, but this requires the estimation of economic parameters. To improve accuracy of data-limited stock assessment while jointly estimating biological and economic parameters, we propose to use price data, in addition to catches, in a new bio-economic stock assessment (‘BESA’) approach for de-facto open access stocks. Price data are widely available, also in the Global South. BESA is based on a state-space approach and uncovers biomass dynamics by use of the extended Kalman filter in combination with Bayesian estimation. We show that estimates for biological and economic parameters can be obtained jointly, with reliability gains for the stock assessment from the additional information inherent in price data, compared to alternative assessment methods for data-poor stocks. In a real-world application to Barents Sea shrimp (<i>Pandalus borealis</i>, Pandalidae), we show that BESA benchmarks well also against advanced stock assessment results. BESA can thus be both a stand-alone approach for currently unassessed stocks as well as a complement to other available methods by providing bio-economic information for advanced fisheries management.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5837485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael C. Melnychuk, Charmane E. Ashbrook, Richard J. Bell, Lyall Bellquist, Kate Kauer, Jono R. Wilson, Ray Hilborn, Jay Odell
The status of federally managed fisheries in the United States is well monitored, but the condition of other marine fisheries, whether state-managed, territory-managed or unmanaged, is less understood and often unknown. We used expert surveys to characterize the management systems of non-federally managed fisheries in US coastal marine states and overseas territories. For 311 fisheries, we estimated an overall Fisheries Management Index (FMI) and a qualitative stock status score. These measures were positively correlated, and while a wide range of research, management, enforcement and socioeconomic criteria were partially met (FMI ≥ 0.5) for 66% of fisheries, stock status was considered as partially acceptable (score ≥ 0.5) for only 45% of fisheries and acceptable (score = 1) for only 16% of fisheries. Higher FMI was typically observed in fisheries with greater commercial landed weight, value, or greater recreational catches. Fisheries from continental states had higher FMI than those from overseas territories. Invertebrates and diadromous fish species had higher FMI on average compared to those of marine fishes. Extrapolating results for surveyed fisheries to nearly 2000 non-federally managed US fisheries while stratifying by state and importance designation (based on commercial, recreational, cultural or ecological importance), we estimate a mean overall FMI of 0.48, and estimate that only 19% of fisheries have a reliable estimate of stock status available; both measures are lower than similar estimates for federally managed fisheries. Funding or capacity constraints and information or data limitations were identified as common challenges faced by state agencies in managing fisheries under their jurisdiction.
{"title":"Characterizing state-managed and unmanaged fisheries in coastal marine states and territories of the United States","authors":"Michael C. Melnychuk, Charmane E. Ashbrook, Richard J. Bell, Lyall Bellquist, Kate Kauer, Jono R. Wilson, Ray Hilborn, Jay Odell","doi":"10.1111/faf.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The status of federally managed fisheries in the United States is well monitored, but the condition of other marine fisheries, whether state-managed, territory-managed or unmanaged, is less understood and often unknown. We used expert surveys to characterize the management systems of non-federally managed fisheries in US coastal marine states and overseas territories. For 311 fisheries, we estimated an overall Fisheries Management Index (FMI) and a qualitative stock status score. These measures were positively correlated, and while a wide range of research, management, enforcement and socioeconomic criteria were partially met (FMI ≥ 0.5) for 66% of fisheries, stock status was considered as partially acceptable (score ≥ 0.5) for only 45% of fisheries and acceptable (score = 1) for only 16% of fisheries. Higher FMI was typically observed in fisheries with greater commercial landed weight, value, or greater recreational catches. Fisheries from continental states had higher FMI than those from overseas territories. Invertebrates and diadromous fish species had higher FMI on average compared to those of marine fishes. Extrapolating results for surveyed fisheries to nearly 2000 non-federally managed US fisheries while stratifying by state and importance designation (based on commercial, recreational, cultural or ecological importance), we estimate a mean overall FMI of 0.48, and estimate that only 19% of fisheries have a reliable estimate of stock status available; both measures are lower than similar estimates for federally managed fisheries. Funding or capacity constraints and information or data limitations were identified as common challenges faced by state agencies in managing fisheries under their jurisdiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5822865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer S. Bigman, Nicholas C. Wegner, Nicholas K. Dulvy
Life history theory suggests that maximum size and growth evolve to maximize fitness. In contrast, the Gill Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) suggests that growth and maximum size in fishes and other aquatic, water-breathing organisms is constrained by the body mass-scaling of gill surface area. Here, we use new data and a novel phylogenetic Bayesian multilevel modelling framework to test this idea by asking the three questions posed by the GOLT regarding maximum size, growth and gills. Across fishes, we ask whether the body mass-scaling of gill surface area explains (1) variation in the von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (k) above and beyond that explained by asymptomatic size (W∞), (2) variation in growth performance (a trait that integrates the tradeoff between k and W∞) and (3) more variation in growth performance compared to activity (as approximated by caudal fin aspect ratio). Overall, we find that there is only a weak relationship among maximum size, growth and gill surface area across species. Indeed, the body mass-scaling of gill surface area does not explain much variation in k (especially for those species that reach the same W∞) or growth performance. Activity explained three to five times more variation in growth performance compared to gill surface area. Our results suggest that in fishes, gill surface area is not the only factor that explains variation in maximum size and growth, and that other covariates (e.g. activity) are likely important in understanding how growth, maximum size and other life history traits vary across species.
{"title":"Gills, growth and activity across fishes","authors":"Jennifer S. Bigman, Nicholas C. Wegner, Nicholas K. Dulvy","doi":"10.1111/faf.12757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12757","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Life history theory suggests that maximum size and growth evolve to maximize fitness. In contrast, the Gill Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) suggests that growth and maximum size in fishes and other aquatic, water-breathing organisms is constrained by the body mass-scaling of gill surface area. Here, we use new data and a novel phylogenetic Bayesian multilevel modelling framework to test this idea by asking the three questions posed by the GOLT regarding maximum size, growth and gills. Across fishes, we ask whether the body mass-scaling of gill surface area explains (1) variation in the von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (<i>k</i>) above and beyond that explained by asymptomatic size (<i>W</i><sub>∞</sub>), (2) variation in growth performance (a trait that integrates the tradeoff between <i>k</i> and <i>W</i><sub>∞</sub>) and (3) more variation in growth performance compared to activity (as approximated by caudal fin aspect ratio). Overall, we find that there is only a weak relationship among maximum size, growth and gill surface area across species. Indeed, the body mass-scaling of gill surface area does not explain much variation in <i>k</i> (especially for those species that reach the same <i>W</i><sub>∞</sub>) or growth performance. Activity explained three to five times more variation in growth performance compared to gill surface area. Our results suggest that in fishes, gill surface area is not the only factor that explains variation in maximum size and growth, and that other covariates (e.g. activity) are likely important in understanding how growth, maximum size and other life history traits vary across species.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5917437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A field guide to coastal fishes of Bermuda, Bahamas and the Caribbean Sea. Val Kells, Luiz A. Rocha, Carole C. Baldwin, Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins University Press. 2022","authors":"Andrew B. Gill","doi":"10.1111/faf.12758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41230005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.
{"title":"Does fishing dismantle fish culture and ecosystem structure? Questions about the implications of social learning among fish and fishers","authors":"James A. Wilson, Jarl Giske","doi":"10.1111/faf.12755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5748609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total allowable catch restrictions (hereafter referred to as catch quotas) play an important role in maintaining healthy fish stocks. While studies have identified a positive relationship between catch quota implementation and improved stock status, these methods are subject to selection bias as catch quotas are typically applied to stocks that are depleted. We address this challenge using the synthetic control method, which estimates the causal effect of catch quotas on fishing mortality and biomass by predicting a synthetic counterfactual outcome. We focus on high seas stocks (tunas, billfishes, and sharks) managed by tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs), first providing an overview of stock status and current management measures in place. We find that implementation of catch quotas by tRFMOs has more than doubled over the past decade. Second, we predict the hypothetical fishing mortality and biomass trajectory for seven high seas quota-managed stocks in absence of a catch quota. These “synthetic non-quota stocks” are predicted using a weighted selection of high seas non-quota stocks. Credibility of the synthetic non-quota stocks is evaluated through diagnostic checks, and robustness tests assess sensitivity to study design. Five credible fishing mortality synthetic controls are predicted: three add support to the hypothesis that catch quotas successfully reduce fishing mortality, while two find that catch quotas increase fishing mortality. While our analysis is limited in scope, given that all seven quota-managed stocks are managed under a single tRFMO, we highlight the potential for the synthetic control method in fisheries management evaluation.
{"title":"A synthetic control approach to estimate the effect of total allowable catches in the high seas","authors":"Julia Margaret Lawson, Conner Muir Smith","doi":"10.1111/faf.12752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Total allowable catch restrictions (hereafter referred to as catch quotas) play an important role in maintaining healthy fish stocks. While studies have identified a positive relationship between catch quota implementation and improved stock status, these methods are subject to selection bias as catch quotas are typically applied to stocks that are depleted. We address this challenge using the synthetic control method, which estimates the causal effect of catch quotas on fishing mortality and biomass by predicting a synthetic counterfactual outcome. We focus on high seas stocks (tunas, billfishes, and sharks) managed by tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs), first providing an overview of stock status and current management measures in place. We find that implementation of catch quotas by tRFMOs has more than doubled over the past decade. Second, we predict the hypothetical fishing mortality and biomass trajectory for seven high seas quota-managed stocks in absence of a catch quota. These “synthetic non-quota stocks” are predicted using a weighted selection of high seas non-quota stocks. Credibility of the synthetic non-quota stocks is evaluated through diagnostic checks, and robustness tests assess sensitivity to study design. Five credible fishing mortality synthetic controls are predicted: three add support to the hypothesis that catch quotas successfully reduce fishing mortality, while two find that catch quotas increase fishing mortality. While our analysis is limited in scope, given that all seven quota-managed stocks are managed under a single tRFMO, we highlight the potential for the synthetic control method in fisheries management evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5842972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongjun Tian, Caihong Fu, Akihiko Yatsu, Yoshiro Watanabe, Yang Liu, Jianchao Li, Dan Liu, Yumeng Pang, Jiahua Cheng, Ching-Hsein Ho, Shuyang Ma
The marine ecosystems around Japan are very productive and have typical wasp-waist structure dominated by small pelagic fishes such as sardine, exhibiting large low-frequency fluctuations in biomass. Whereas studies on the variability in abundance of individual species such as sardine and anchovy are popular, only a few studies focused on the long-term variability of fish assemblage around Japan. In this study, 13 species/taxa ranging from small forage to large predatory species and from warm- to cold-water species were selected to indicate essential characteristics of the fish assemblage and their drivers were analysed based on fishery, oceanographic and climatic data sets from 1901 to 2018. Results show that two outstanding peaks during the 1930s and 1980s were characterized by abundant sardine. Additionally, species composition showed high similarities during similar temperature regimes while exhibiting contrasts during different temperature regimes. Variations and regime shifts in dominant patterns and fish community indices coincided well with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and regional sea surface temperature (SST). Furthermore, gradient forest analysis identified AMO and regional SSTs as most important predictors of dominant patterns and fish community indices, suggesting that the decadal and multidecadal variability in the fish assemblage around Japan was forced by basin-scale climate variability as inherent in the AMO through its connections with regional SSTs. Autocorrelation coefficient demonstrated that the ecological indicators have the potential to be early warning signals of regime shifts, which suggests the possibility of coming cold regime since around 2015 and has important implications for fisheries management.
{"title":"Long-term variability in the fish assemblage around Japan over the last century and early warning signals of regime shifts","authors":"Yongjun Tian, Caihong Fu, Akihiko Yatsu, Yoshiro Watanabe, Yang Liu, Jianchao Li, Dan Liu, Yumeng Pang, Jiahua Cheng, Ching-Hsein Ho, Shuyang Ma","doi":"10.1111/faf.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The marine ecosystems around Japan are very productive and have typical wasp-waist structure dominated by small pelagic fishes such as sardine, exhibiting large low-frequency fluctuations in biomass. Whereas studies on the variability in abundance of individual species such as sardine and anchovy are popular, only a few studies focused on the long-term variability of fish assemblage around Japan. In this study, 13 species/taxa ranging from small forage to large predatory species and from warm- to cold-water species were selected to indicate essential characteristics of the fish assemblage and their drivers were analysed based on fishery, oceanographic and climatic data sets from 1901 to 2018. Results show that two outstanding peaks during the 1930s and 1980s were characterized by abundant sardine. Additionally, species composition showed high similarities during similar temperature regimes while exhibiting contrasts during different temperature regimes. Variations and regime shifts in dominant patterns and fish community indices coincided well with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and regional sea surface temperature (SST). Furthermore, gradient forest analysis identified AMO and regional SSTs as most important predictors of dominant patterns and fish community indices, suggesting that the decadal and multidecadal variability in the fish assemblage around Japan was forced by basin-scale climate variability as inherent in the AMO through its connections with regional SSTs. Autocorrelation coefficient demonstrated that the ecological indicators have the potential to be early warning signals of regime shifts, which suggests the possibility of coming cold regime since around 2015 and has important implications for fisheries management.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5735348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher M. Free, Sean C. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Hellmers, Barbara A. Muhling, Michael O. Navarro, Kate Richerson, Lauren A. Rogers, William H. Satterthwaite, Andrew R. Thompson, Jenn M. Burt, Steven D. Gaines, Kristin N. Marshall, J. Wilson White, Lyall F. Bellquist
Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social-ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social-ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.
{"title":"Impact of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: Surprises and lessons from key case studies","authors":"Christopher M. Free, Sean C. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Hellmers, Barbara A. Muhling, Michael O. Navarro, Kate Richerson, Lauren A. Rogers, William H. Satterthwaite, Andrew R. Thompson, Jenn M. Burt, Steven D. Gaines, Kristin N. Marshall, J. Wilson White, Lyall F. Bellquist","doi":"10.1111/faf.12753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social-ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social-ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5768867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernst Weber stated in 1819, based on dissections, that the swimbladder in the European wels (Silurus glanis, Siluridae) and related cyprinids serves as an eardrum and that the ossicles connecting it to the inner ear function as hearing ossicles similar to mammals. In the early 20th century, K. von Frisch showed experimentally that catfishes and cyprinids (otophysines) indeed hear excellently compared to fish taxa lacking auxiliary hearing structures (ossicles, eardrums). Knowledge on hearing in catfishes progressed in particular in the 21st century. Currently, hearing abilities (audiograms) are known in 28 species out of 13 families. Recent ontogenetic and comparative studies revealed that the ability to detect sounds of low-level and high frequencies (4–6 kHz) depends on the development of Weberian ossicles. Species with a higher number of ossicles and larger bladders hear better at higher frequencies (>1 kHz). Hearing sensitivities are furthermore affected by ecological factors. Rising temperatures increase, whereas various noise regimes decrease hearing. Exposure to high-noise levels (>150 dB) for hours result in temporary thresholds shifts (TTS) and recovery of hearing after several days. Low-noise levels reduce hearing abilities due to masking without a TTS. Furthermore, auditory evoked potential (AEP) experiments reveal that the temporal patterns of fish-produced pulsed stridulation and drumming sounds are represented in their auditory pathways, indicating that catfishes are able to extract important information for acoustic communication. Further research should concentrate on inner ears to determine whether the diversity in swimbladders and ossicles is paralleled in the inner ear fine structure.
1819年,恩斯特·韦伯在解剖的基础上指出,欧洲鲱鱼(Silurus glanis, Siluridae)和相关的鲤科动物的鳔起着鼓膜的作用,连接它与内耳的听骨的功能类似于哺乳动物的听力听骨。在20世纪初,K. von Frisch通过实验证明,与缺乏辅助听觉结构(听骨、耳膜)的鱼类类群相比,鲶鱼和鲤科(耳鱼)的听力确实很好。特别是在21世纪,关于鲶鱼听觉的知识得到了发展。目前,13科中有28个物种的听力能力(听力图)是已知的。最近的个体发生和比较研究表明,检测低频率和高频(4-6千赫)声音的能力取决于韦伯听骨的发育。有较多听骨和较大膀胱的物种在较高的频率(1千赫)听得更好。听觉灵敏度还受到生态因素的影响。气温升高会导致听力下降,而各种噪音则会降低听力。暴露于高噪声水平(>150 dB)数小时会导致暂时的阈值移位(TTS)和几天后听力恢复。如果没有TTS,低噪音水平会降低听力。此外,听觉诱发电位(AEP)实验表明,鱼产生的脉冲鸣声和鼓声的时间模式在它们的听觉通路中有表征,这表明鲶鱼能够提取声音交流的重要信息。进一步的研究应该集中在内耳,以确定膀胱和听骨的多样性是否在内耳精细结构中是平行的。
{"title":"Hearing in catfishes: 200 years of research","authors":"Friedrich Ladich","doi":"10.1111/faf.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ernst Weber stated in 1819, based on dissections, that the swimbladder in the European wels (<i>Silurus glanis</i>, Siluridae) and related cyprinids serves as an eardrum and that the ossicles connecting it to the inner ear function as hearing ossicles similar to mammals. In the early 20th century, K. von Frisch showed experimentally that catfishes and cyprinids (otophysines) indeed hear excellently compared to fish taxa lacking auxiliary hearing structures (ossicles, eardrums). Knowledge on hearing in catfishes progressed in particular in the 21st century. Currently, hearing abilities (audiograms) are known in 28 species out of 13 families. Recent ontogenetic and comparative studies revealed that the ability to detect sounds of low-level and high frequencies (4–6 kHz) depends on the development of Weberian ossicles. Species with a higher number of ossicles and larger bladders hear better at higher frequencies (>1 kHz). Hearing sensitivities are furthermore affected by ecological factors. Rising temperatures increase, whereas various noise regimes decrease hearing. Exposure to high-noise levels (>150 dB) for hours result in temporary thresholds shifts (TTS) and recovery of hearing after several days. Low-noise levels reduce hearing abilities due to masking without a TTS. Furthermore, auditory evoked potential (AEP) experiments reveal that the temporal patterns of fish-produced pulsed stridulation and drumming sounds are represented in their auditory pathways, indicating that catfishes are able to extract important information for acoustic communication. Further research should concentrate on inner ears to determine whether the diversity in swimbladders and ossicles is paralleled in the inner ear fine structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5738966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}