Journal of Stored Products Research最新文献_第9页

Resistance evaluation of maize varieties to Sitophilus zeamais infestation across two generations: Insights for Integrated Pest Management 两代玉米品种对嗜坐果蝇侵扰的抗性评估：虫害综合防治的启示

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102473

Diaine Cortese , Gisele Silva de Oliveira , Marcos Gino Fernandes

Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the main pest of stored corn grains, represents a significant challenge for agriculture. The use of resistant corn varieties appears as an effective control alternative, minimizing dependence on synthetic chemical insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the resistance performance of eight maize varieties to S. zeamais over two generations. The experiment was conducted without choice, where 50 g of grains of each variety were infested with 15 adult insects. After a period of ten days for mating and oviposition, the adult insects were discarded and the F1 generation was evaluated. Adults from the F1 generation were used to infest the grains of each variety from the F2 generation. The parameters evaluated included the total number of insects emerged, insect weight, grain mass loss, longevity, average biological cycle and susceptibility index. The results revealed significant differences between the varieties in terms of resistance to S. zeamais. In a separate experiment, with a choice option, arenas containing eight Petri dishes were used, each with 50 g of grains of each variety. 120 adult insects were released in the center of the tray. In this scenario, BRS 451 QPM corn showed resistance through the antixenosis mechanism, while Al-Bandeirantes exhibited antibiosis effects on S. zeamais insects. The results highlight the importance of evaluating the resistance effects of varieties on more than one generation of insects to confirm the resistance or susceptibility status of a variety. The corn varieties indicated as resistant in this study can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce S. zeamais infestation and minimize economic losses. Furthermore, these varieties can be incorporated into genetic improvement programs to develop future commercial cultivars resistant to S. zeamais.

贮藏玉米的主要害虫嗜坐果蝇（鞘翅目：卷须科）是农业面临的一项重大挑战。使用抗性玉米品种似乎是一种有效的防治方法，可最大限度地减少对化学合成杀虫剂的依赖。在这项研究中，我们评估了八个玉米品种两代对玉米螟的抗性表现。实验是在没有选择的情况下进行的，每个品种的 50 克谷粒被 15 头成虫侵染。经过十天的交配和产卵期后，丢弃成虫，评估 F1 代。用 F1 代的成虫侵染 F2 代每个品种的谷粒。评估参数包括出虫总数、虫重、谷物质量损失、寿命、平均生物周期和易感指数。结果表明，各品种在对天牛的抗性方面存在显著差异。在另一项有选择选项的实验中，使用了装有 8 个培养皿的竞技场，每个培养皿装有每个品种的 50 克谷粒。120 只成虫被释放在培养皿中央。在这种情况下，BRS 451 QPM 玉米通过抗缺氧机制表现出抗性，而 Al-Bandeirantes 则对 S. zeamais 昆虫表现出抗生素效应。这些结果凸显了评估品种对不止一代昆虫的抗性影响以确认品种的抗性或易感状态的重要性。本研究中表明具有抗性的玉米品种可作为一种环境友好型替代品，以减少玉米螟虫害并将经济损失降至最低。此外，这些品种还可纳入遗传改良计划，以培育未来抗玉米螟的商业栽培品种。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana Ric1 in controlling Zophobas morio larvae: A promising biological approach Beauveria bassiana Ric1 在控制 Zophobas morio 幼虫方面的功效：一种前景广阔的生物方法

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102471

Yasemin Aş , Şebnem Tireng Karut , Gözde Büşra Eroğlu

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi for the biological control of Zophobas morio (Fabricius, 1776) to prevent economic losses in packaged amylase food products. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Ric1 as a biological control agent against Z. morio. The B. bassiana Ric1 isolate was cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), displaying white colonies with irregular edges and producing spherical conidia. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS gene sequences confirmed the isolate's close relation to other B. bassiana strains. Z. morio larvae were exposed to five different conidial concentrations of B. bassiana Ric1 to determine its virulence. The experiments were conducted in triplicate with each group consisting of ten healthy 3rd instar Z. morio larvae. Conidial suspensions at the two highest concentrations (1 × 10⁸ and 1 × 10⁹ conidia/mL⁻¹) resulted in 100% larval mortality within four days. Additionally, 1 × 10⁷ and 1 × 10⁶ conidia/mL⁻¹ concentrations achieved 100% mortality on days six and seven, respectively. The lowest concentration (1 × 10⁵) led to 50% mortality by the end of the bioassay. To confirm that B. bassiana Ric1 caused larval death, the cadavers were incubated on moist paper at room temperature for five days. Mycosis rates of 100% were observed at concentrations of 1 × 10⁸ and 1 × 10⁹, while concentrations of 1 × 10⁷, 1 × 10⁶, and 1 × 10⁵ conidia/mL⁻¹ resulted in mycosis rates of 90%, 80%, and 40%, respectively. The LC₅₀ value of B. bassiana Ric1 was calculated to be 2.06 × 10⁵ conidia/mL⁻¹ for Z. morio larvae. These results indicate that B. bassiana Ric1 is a promising biocontrol agent against Z. morio.

该研究旨在评估昆虫病原真菌对生物防治莫氏淀粉虫（Zophobas morio，Fabricius，1776）的功效，以防止包装淀粉酶食品的经济损失。本研究旨在评估昆虫病原真菌 Beauveria bassiana Ric1 作为生物防治 Z. morio 的潜力。B. bassiana Ric1 分离物在沙保露葡萄糖琼脂（SDA）上培养，显示出边缘不规则的白色菌落，并产生球形分生孢子。利用 ITS 基因序列进行的系统发育分析证实，该分离株与其他 B. bassiana 菌株关系密切。将 Z. morio 幼虫暴露于五种不同浓度的 B. bassiana Ric1 分生孢子中，以确定其毒力。实验一式三份，每组包括十只健康的三龄 Z. morio 幼虫。两种最高浓度（1 × 108 和 1 × 109 分生孢子/毫升-1）的分生孢子悬浮液导致幼虫在四天内死亡 100%。此外，1 × 107 和 1 × 106 分生孢子/毫升-1 浓度的分生孢子悬浮液分别在第六天和第七天达到 100% 的死亡率。最低浓度（1 × 105）在生物测定结束时导致 50%的死亡率。为证实 B. bassiana Ric1 导致幼虫死亡，将尸体放在室温下的湿纸上培养五天。浓度为 1 × 108 和 1 × 109 时，霉菌感染率为 100%，而浓度为 1 × 107、1 × 106 和 1 × 105 分生孢子/毫升-1 时，霉菌感染率分别为 90%、80% 和 40%。据计算，B. bassiana Ric1 对 Z. morio 幼虫的半致死浓度为 2.06 × 105 分生孢子/毫升-1。这些结果表明，B. bassiana Ric1 是一种很有前途的防治斑潜蝇的生物防治剂。

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引用次数: 0

Seed responses to change in ambient humidity and the consequences for storability 种子对环境湿度变化的反应及其对贮藏性的影响

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102477

Shabnam Rezaei , Julia Buitink , Fiona R. Hay

The study of seed moisture sorption isotherms helps us to understand the response of seeds to changes in moisture in their environment and how this might impact their longevity. A seed moisture isotherm shows the relationship between moisture content (MC) and water activity (a_w) at a constant temperature. Seed MC is higher when it dries from a hydrated state (desorption) than when it rehydrates from a very dry state (adsorption) to the same RH, an effect known as hysteresis. Seeds on the desorption isotherm will age faster than seeds on the adsorption isotherm at the same RH due to higher MC, resulting in a more rapid decline in seed viability and vigour. In this study, moisture isotherms of seeds from diverse species were determined and modeled using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model; the hysteresis effect was then quantified. The maximum hysteresis magnitude varied between 0.3 and 2.7% MC (occurring between 49 and 57% RH) when seeds were dried over silica gel (below 11% RH) and rehydrated. Cycling seeds between 30 and 50%, 20 and 50%, and 15 and 50% RH, it was found that seeds of barley, lupin, buckwheat, wheat and pea switch to the adsorption isotherm upon rehydration after drying at intermediate moisture levels. Thus, adsorbing seeds of these species have greater longevity than desorbing seeds at the same RH. In contrast, seeds of oilseed rape and yellow mustard do not show a hysteresis effect unless they are dried to very low MC (over silica gel), so the adsorbing seed longevity remains the same as desorbing seeds at a constant RH. It is important to consider the moisture history of seeds depending on species for better seed storage management.

对种子水分吸附等温线的研究有助于我们了解种子对其所处环境中水分变化的反应，以及这可能对其寿命产生的影响。种子水分吸附等温线显示了在恒温条件下水分含量 (MC) 和水活性 (aw) 之间的关系。在相同相对湿度下，种子从水合状态变干（解吸）时的 MC 值要高于从非常干的状态重新水合（吸附）时的 MC 值，这种效应称为滞后。由于 MC 值较高，在相同相对湿度下，解吸等温线上的种子比吸附等温线上的种子老化得更快，从而导致种子活力和活力下降得更快。本研究利用古根海姆-安德森-德布尔（GAB）模型测定并模拟了不同物种种子的水分等温线，然后对滞后效应进行了量化。当种子在硅胶上干燥（低于 11% 相对湿度）并重新水化时，最大滞后幅度在 0.3% 至 2.7% MC 之间变化（出现在 49% 至 57% 相对湿度之间）。将种子在 30%-50%、20%-50% 和 15%-50%相对湿度之间循环，发现大麦、羽扇豆、荞麦、小麦和豌豆的种子在中间湿度水平干燥后，复水时转入吸附等温线。因此，在相同相对湿度下，这些物种的吸附种子比脱附种子寿命更长。相比之下，油菜和黄芥子的种子不会出现滞后效应，除非它们被干燥到非常低的 MC 值（在硅胶上），因此在恒定相对湿度下，吸附种子的寿命与解吸种子相同。为了更好地进行种子贮藏管理，考虑不同品种种子的水分历史是很重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of wheat cultivars, with varying resistance levels to Rhyzopertha dominica, on life history parameters of the ectoparasitoid wasp Anisopteramalus calandrae 不同抗Rhyzopertha dominica水平的小麦品种对外寄生蜂Anisopteramalus calandrae生活史参数的影响

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102475

Jabraeil Razmjou , Asgar Ebadollahi , Zahra Abedi

The ectoparasitoid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), as a widely distributed ectoparasitoid wasp, can parasitize several Coleopteran insect pests such as the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae). In the current study, the plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions with A. calandrae and R. dominica on six cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum L. (Poals: Poaceae), including Aftab, Araz, Ghabos, Kalateh, Meraj, and Tirgan, were assessed. The largest egg and larval-pupal periods of R. dominica were observed on cultivars Tirgan and Aftab. Rhyzopertha dominica reared on cultivar Araz had the largest total developmental period. The highest oviposition period and fecundity of R. dominica were observed on cultivar Meraj. The pest had the brief life and the low fecundity duration on cultivar Tirgan. The longest developmental time of A. calandrae was observed on the cultivar Tirgan. The parasitic wasp lived longer on cultivar Ghabos. The developmental time of A. calandrae was positively affected by phenolic content of wheat cultivars. The fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the parasitic wasp were significantly decreased by increasing the phenolic content of the cultivars. In general, the cultivar Meraj was sensitive, the cultivars Aftab and Kalateh were semi-resistant, and the cultivars Araz, Ghabos, and Tirgan were resistant to R. dominica. The cultivar Tirgan was found as an unsuitable host compared to others for performance of A. calandrae, while Aftab, Kalateh, Araz, and Meraj were suitable ones. Consequently, the use of cultivar Araz as a resistant host to R. dominica and the suitable cultivar to A. calandrae can be considered as an effective integrated management choice against the pest.

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) 是一种广泛分布的体外寄生蜂，可寄生多种鞘翅目害虫，如小谷物螟 Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)。本研究评估了 Aftab、Araz、Ghabos、Kalateh、Meraj 和 Tirgan 等六个小麦品种上食草动物与 A. calandrae 和 R. dominica 的相互作用。在栽培品种 Tirgan 和 Aftab 上观察到的 R. dominica 的卵期和幼虫-蛹期最长。在 Araz 栽培品种上饲养的 Rhyzopertha dominica 的总发育期最长。在 Meraj 栽培品种上观察到的 R. dominica 的产卵期和繁殖率最高。该害虫在 Tirgan 栽培品种上寿命短，繁殖期短。在 Tirgan 栽培品种上观察到 A. calandrae 的发育时间最长。寄生蜂在 Ghabos 栽培品种上的寿命较长。A. calandrae 的发育时间受小麦品种酚含量的积极影响。随着酚含量的增加，寄生蜂的繁殖力和内在增长率（r）显著降低。一般来说，Meraj 栽培品种对寄生蜂敏感，Aftab 和 Kalateh 栽培品种半抗寄生蜂，Araz、Ghabos 和 Tirgan 栽培品种抗寄生蜂。与其他品种相比，Tirgan 品种不适合作为金盏菊的寄主，而 Aftab、Kalateh、Araz 和 Meraj 则适合作为金盏菊的寄主。因此，使用 Araz 作为抗性寄主来抗击多角体蚜，同时使用适合的栽培品种来抗击金眼蚜，可以说是一种有效的害虫综合防治选择。

{"title":"Effect of wheat cultivars, with varying resistance levels to Rhyzopertha dominica, on life history parameters of the ectoparasitoid wasp Anisopteramalus calandrae","authors":"Jabraeil Razmjou , Asgar Ebadollahi , Zahra Abedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ectoparasitoid wasp <em>Anisopteromalus calandrae</em> (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), as a widely distributed ectoparasitoid wasp, can parasitize several Coleopteran insect pests such as the lesser grain borer <em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em> (F.) (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae). In the current study, the plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions with <em>A. calandrae</em> and <em>R. dominica</em> on six cultivars of wheat <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. (Poals: Poaceae), including Aftab, Araz, Ghabos, Kalateh, Meraj, and Tirgan, were assessed. The largest egg and larval-pupal periods of <em>R. dominica</em> were observed on cultivars Tirgan and Aftab. <em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em> reared on cultivar Araz had the largest total developmental period. The highest oviposition period and fecundity of <em>R. dominica</em> were observed on cultivar Meraj. The pest had the brief life and the low fecundity duration on cultivar Tirgan. The longest developmental time of <em>A. calandrae</em> was observed on the cultivar Tirgan. The parasitic wasp lived longer on cultivar Ghabos. The developmental time of <em>A. calandrae</em> was positively affected by phenolic content of wheat cultivars. The fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>) of the parasitic wasp were significantly decreased by increasing the phenolic content of the cultivars. In general, the cultivar Meraj was sensitive, the cultivars Aftab and Kalateh were semi-resistant, and the cultivars Araz, Ghabos, and Tirgan were resistant to <em>R. dominica</em>. The cultivar Tirgan was found as an unsuitable host compared to others for performance of <em>A. calandrae</em>, while Aftab, Kalateh, Araz, and Meraj were suitable ones. Consequently, the use of cultivar Araz as a resistant host to <em>R. dominica</em> and the suitable cultivar to <em>A. calandrae</em> can be considered as an effective integrated management choice against the pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entomopathogenic fungi raise the effectiveness of organophosphorus insecticides against Trogoderma granarium 昆虫病原真菌提高了有机磷杀虫剂对粒腺蛙的效力

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102472

Hassan A. Gad , Mahmoud M.M. Hassuba , Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil

Treatment of wheat grains with three organophosphorus insecticides (OPs), chlorpyrifos-methyl (CH), malathion (MA) and pirimiphos-methyl (PI) alone and in combination with three entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) (Trichoderma harzianum (TH), T. citrinoviride (TC), and Metarhizium anisopliae (MA)) was carried in the current study to examine their control potential of Trogoderma granarium Everts. The application rates of OPs were: CH (2.5 and 5.0 ppm), MA (4.0 and 8.0 ppm) and PI: (5.0 and 10.0 ppm). The three EPF were tested at 1.0 × 10⁵, 1.0 × 10⁷ and 1.0 × 10⁹ spores/kg. The impact of treatments on mortality of larvae after 7 and 14 days, F₁ progeny after 30 days, F₂ progeny, and grain weight loss after 80 days was examined. Generally, the binary mixtures of OPs and EPF were significantly more effective in the controlling T. granarium larvae than OPs alone or EPF alone after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Also, the mixtures of OPs (CH, MA and PI) and EPF achieved full mortality (100%) 14 days post-exposure and at the highest tested concentrations. Furthermore, mixtures of OPs and EPF significantly reduced the progeny production of khapra beetle and full progeny suppression was resulted in almost combined mixtures of OPs particularly (CH or PI) and EPF. Likewise, all mixtures of OPs and EPF induced a full protection of grains (wheat weight loss = 0.0 %) 80 days post treatment. Our findings indicate that the combinations of OPs and EPF could be a suitable protective tool of stored commodities against T. granarium.

本研究用三种有机磷杀虫剂（OPs）--甲基毒死蜱（CH）、马拉硫磷（MA）和甲基吡啶磷（PI）--单独或与三种昆虫病原真菌（EPF）--哈茨真菌（TH）、柠檬黄病毒真菌（TC）和拟黑僵菌（MA）--联合处理小麦粒，以考察它们对 Trogoderma granarium Everts 的控制潜力。OPs 的施用量为CH（百万分之 2.5 和 5.0）、MA（百万分之 4.0 和 8.0）和 PI：（百万分之 5.0 和 10.0）。三种 EPF 的测试孢子数分别为 1.0 × 105、1.0 × 107 和 1.0 × 109 个/千克。研究了处理对 7 天和 14 天后幼虫死亡率、30 天后 F1 后代死亡率、80 天后 F2 后代死亡率和谷物重量损失的影响。一般来说，在暴露 7 天和 14 天后，OPs 和 EPF 的二元混合物在控制 T. granarium 幼虫方面的效果明显优于单独使用 OPs 或单独使用 EPF。此外，OPs（CH、MA 和 PI）和 EPF 的混合物在接触后 14 天和测试浓度最高时可达到完全死亡（100%）。此外，OPs 和 EPF 的混合物显著降低了卡帕甲虫的后代产量，尤其是 OPs（CH 或 PI）和 EPF 的混合物几乎完全抑制了卡帕甲虫的后代。同样，所有 OPs 和 EPF 的混合物都能在处理后 80 天完全保护谷物（小麦重量损失 = 0.0 %）。我们的研究结果表明，OPs 和 EPF 的组合可以成为贮藏商品抵御 T. granarium 的合适工具。

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引用次数: 0

YOLO-TP: A lightweight model for individual counting of Lasioderma serricorne YOLO-TP：用于 Lasioderma serricorne个体计数的轻量级模型

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102456

Boyang Li , Li Liu , Haijiang Jia , Zhaoyang Zang , Zhongbin Fu , Jiaqin Xi

The quality and safety of tobacco storage and production processes are significantly compromised by the presence of tobacco beetles(Lasioderma serricorne). Currently, the detection of these pests relies on manual counting, a method that is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Given the limitations of hardware equipment, developing a model that is both easy to deploy and lightweight is especially crucial. To address this need, a new model based on the YOLOv8n architecture, named YOLO-TP, has been specially designed and introduced. The model incorporates the Grouped Shuffle Convolution (GSConv) and an optimized new PC2f structure with Partial Convolution (PConv), aimed at reducing redundant channel computations. Additionally, by employing the Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) loss function, it collectively achieves the goals of performance optimization and model lightweighting. YOLO-TP has achieved a high accuracy rate of 99.5% on the tobacco beetle dataset, while simultaneously reducing model parameters and computational requirements by 57.81% and 46.34%, respectively. Compared with existing advanced models, YOLO-TP maintains its lightweight advantage while demonstrating superior performance, offering valuable insights for the development of target detection technology in tobacco beetles and similar fields.

烟草储存和生产过程中的烟草甲虫（Lasioderma serricorne）严重影响了烟草的质量和安全。目前，这些害虫的检测主要依靠人工计数，这种方法既耗时又耗力。鉴于硬件设备的局限性，开发一种既易于部署又轻便的模型尤为重要。为了满足这一需求，我们专门设计并推出了一种基于 YOLOv8n 架构的新模型，命名为 YOLO-TP。该模型采用了分组洗牌卷积（GSConv）和经过优化的带部分卷积的新 PC2f 结构（PConv），旨在减少冗余信道计算。此外，通过采用广义相交联合（GIoU）损失函数，它共同实现了性能优化和模型轻量化的目标。YOLO-TP 在烟草甲虫数据集上的准确率高达 99.5%，同时模型参数和计算需求分别减少了 57.81% 和 46.34%。与现有的先进模型相比，YOLO-TP 在保持轻量化优势的同时，还表现出了卓越的性能，为烟草甲虫及类似领域目标检测技术的发展提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Oxymatrine-based insecticide: A natural product for the control of stored-product beetle pests in wheat grain 氧化苦参碱类杀虫剂：一种用于控制小麦谷物中储藏产品甲虫害虫的天然产品

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102476

Goran Andrić , Marijana Pražić Golić , Nikola Đukić , Stanislav Trdan , Tanja Bohinc , Petar Kljajić

Insecticides of natural origin are a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. Therefore, the intention of this study was to evaluate the potential of the natural product oxymatrine, as a wheat grain protectant against major stored-product beetle pests. The insecticidal activity of oxymatrine was tested against Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val, 1868) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg a.i./kg (ppm) of wheat grain. Initial mortality was assessed after 2, 7 and 14 days of exposure, and total mortality after 7 days of recovery period. The impact on progeny production/reduction was assessed for all species, while in the case of R. dominica and Sitophilus species related weight loss and frass production were also documented. The results show that species, dose, exposure and the recovery period significantly affect the effectiveness of oxymatrine. All doses of oxymatrine provided complete mortality of R. dominica after 7 days of exposure and 7 days of recovery. The satisfactory control of Sitophilus species and T. castaneum was achieved by 1 mg/kg and T. confusum by 4 mg/kg after 14 days of exposure and 7 days of recovery. Oxymatrine complete suppressed progeny production and prevented damage by R. dominica after all exposure intervals. The lowest number of progeny of Sitophilus and Tribolium species and damage by Sitophilus species was recorded after 14 days of exposure in wheat treated with ≥1 mg/kg of oxymatrine. The obtained results indicate that oxymatrine could be an efficient natural product for the control of stored-product beetles in stored wheat.

天然杀虫剂是替代合成杀虫剂的一种很有前途的方法。因此，本研究旨在评估天然产品氧化苦参碱作为小麦谷物保护剂对主要储藏产品甲虫害虫的潜在作用。测试了氧化苦参碱对 Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)、Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera. Curculionidae)、Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) 和 Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) 的杀虫活性：蟋蟀科）、Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) （鞘翅目：蟋蟀科）、Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val, 1868) （鞘翅目：天牛科）和 Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) （鞘翅目：天牛科）。25、0.5、1、2 和 4 毫克活性成分/千克麦粒（ppm）。暴露 2、7 和 14 天后评估初始死亡率，7 天恢复期后评估总死亡率。评估了所有物种对后代产量/减产的影响，同时还记录了主褐飞虱和嗜坐果蝇物种的相关体重减轻和虫粪产量。结果表明，物种、剂量、接触和恢复期对氧化苦参碱的效果有显著影响。所有剂量的氧化苦参碱在接触 7 天和恢复 7 天后都能完全杀死 R. dominica。在暴露 14 天和恢复 7 天后，1 毫克/千克的氧化苦参碱对 Sitophilus 和 T. castaneum 的控制效果令人满意，4 毫克/千克的氧化苦参碱对 T. confusum 的控制效果令人满意。氧化苦参碱可完全抑制后代的产生，并在所有接触间隔期内防止多角瘤蚜的危害。小麦接触≥1 毫克/千克氧化苦参碱 14 天后，Sitophilus 和 Tribolium 种的后代数量和 Sitophilus 种的危害最低。研究结果表明，氧化苦参碱是一种有效的天然产品，可用于控制储藏小麦中的储藏产品甲虫。

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引用次数: 0

Microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation of fungicidal and insecticidal agents for grain packaging and storage 用于谷物包装和储存的杀菌剂和杀虫剂的微胶囊和纳米胶囊技术

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102468

Naveen Jose, Deb Prasad Ray, Sourav Misra, Laxmikanta Nayak, Lakshmanan Ammayappan

Encapsulation technologies, including micro- and nanoencapsulation, provide innovative solutions to key challenges in food grain storage, insect and mold infestation, and nutrient loss. Methods like coacervation, spray drying, freeze-drying, electrospinning, solvent evaporation, and interfacial polymerization are commonly used to encapsulate the active ingredients. Encapsulation is particularly effective in prolonging the activity of pesticides and insecticides, enhancing the safety and quality of stored grains. These techniques ensure controlled release by enclosing active ingredients within protective shells, reducing the need for frequent applications. This approach improves food security and promotes sustainable agricultural practices by maintaining high-quality standards for food grains. This review explores the encapsulation technologies in-depth, emphasizing their role in addressing storage challenges and ensuring food security.

封装技术，包括微胶囊和纳米胶囊技术，为解决粮食储存、虫害和霉菌侵袭以及营养流失等关键难题提供了创新解决方案。通常采用共凝固、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、电纺丝、溶剂蒸发和界面聚合等方法来封装活性成分。封装在延长农药和杀虫剂的活性、提高储藏谷物的安全和质量方面尤为有效。这些技术通过将活性成分包裹在保护壳内，确保控制释放，从而减少了频繁施药的需要。这种方法通过保持粮食的高质量标准，提高了粮食安全，促进了可持续农业实践。本综述深入探讨了封装技术，强调了它们在应对储存挑战和确保粮食安全方面的作用。

引用次数: 0

Exploration of Pseudomonas knackmussii AD02 for the biological mitigation of post-harvest aflatoxin contamination: Characterization and degradation mechanism 探索利用假单胞菌（Pseudomonas knackmussii AD02）对收获后黄曲霉毒素污染进行生物缓解：特征和降解机制

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102470

Thanapoom Maneeboon , Chanram Roopkham , Warapa Mahakarnchanakul , Chananya Chuaysrinule

Aflatoxins, known for their potent carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, pose a major threat to human and animal health. Due to the impacts of climate change, aflatoxin contamination has emerged as a critical food safety issue, necessitating the development of effective detoxification strategies to mitigate its severe health risks. The current isolated, identified, and characterized bacterial strains from peanut-growing soils that are capable of degrading aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Coumarin was used as a selective carbon source during isolation. Bacterial isolate AD02 had the highest AFB1 degradation efficiency (88.85%). Morphological and genetic analyses confirmed AD02 as a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium closely related to Pseudomonas knackmussii. Optimization studies using a Box-Behnken design showed that initial pH significantly affected AFB1 degradation, with the optimal conditions identified as pH 7, 25 °C, and 24 h of incubation, resulting in approximately 90% AFB1 degradation. Additionally, P. knackmussii AD02 simultaneously degraded a mixture of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. A mechanistic study of AFB1 degradation revealed the role of extracellular enzymes, particularly in proteinaceous and membrane-associated components. The mechanism for AFB1 degradation involved the hydrolytic cleavage of the lactone ring in the coumarin moiety, followed by the cleavage of the cyclopentenone ring and the elimination of double bonds in the furan and coumarin moieties. The in silico predictions indicated that this bacterium could metabolize AFB1 into a non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic intermediate product. This study represents the first report on aflatoxin degradation by P. knackmussii, highlighting its potential as an effective biological agent for aflatoxin detoxification.

黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致癌和致突变特性，对人类和动物健康构成重大威胁。由于气候变化的影响，黄曲霉毒素污染已成为一个重要的食品安全问题，因此有必要开发有效的解毒策略，以减轻其对健康的严重危害。本研究从花生种植土壤中分离、鉴定和鉴定了能够降解黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）的细菌菌株。分离过程中使用了香豆素作为选择性碳源。细菌分离物 AD02 的 AFB1 降解效率最高（88.85%）。形态学和基因分析证实，AD02 是一种革兰氏阴性棒状杆菌，与 knackmussii 假单胞菌关系密切。采用 Box-Behnken 设计进行的优化研究表明，初始 pH 值对 AFB1 降解有显著影响，最佳条件是 pH 值为 7、温度为 25 °C、培养 24 小时，AFB1 降解率约为 90%。此外，P. knackmussii AD02 还能同时降解 AFB1、AFB2、AFG1 和 AFG2 的混合物。对 AFB1 降解机理的研究揭示了细胞外酶的作用，特别是在蛋白质和膜相关成分中。AFB1 的降解机制涉及香豆素分子中内酯环的水解裂解，然后是环戊烯酮环的裂解以及呋喃和香豆素分子中双键的消除。硅学预测结果表明，这种细菌可以将 AFB1 代谢为非致畸和非致癌的中间产物。这项研究是有关 P. knackmussii 降解黄曲霉毒素的首次报道，凸显了它作为一种有效的黄曲霉毒素解毒生物制剂的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Potential of flavesone as a grain protectant: Long-term efficacy and residues for controlling the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in stored wheat 氟酮作为谷物保护剂的潜力：用于控制储藏小麦中的小卷叶螟（Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)）的长期药效和残留量

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Stored Products Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102467

Gregory J. Daglish , Rajeswaran Jagadeesan , Philip R. Burrill , Peter D. May , Alexander J. Wade , Manoj K. Nayak

A study was undertaken to evaluate the synthetic biopesticide, flavesone, as a potential grain protectant for the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in wheat. The search for new grain protectants is critical because of the propensity of R. dominica to develop genetic resistance to various insecticides such as organophosphates (OPs), carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and juvenile hormone analogues. Wheat was treated with 0, 60, 90 or 120 ppm of flavesone as it passed through an auger into large (1 tonne) storage bags. The treated wheat was stored for 13 months under sheltered ambient conditions in southeast Queensland, and samples were also collected 1 week after treatment and stored for 13 months in the laboratory at 30 °C and 55% RH for comparative purposes. Bioassays of wheat stored under laboratory and ambient conditions, showed that an application rate of 60 ppm provided protection for at least 13 months from a susceptible strain, based on high levels of suppression of the F₁ generation. Untreated wheat stored under ambient conditions became heavily infested with R. dominica, while none were detected in any of the treatments, thus further confirming the potential of flavesone as an effective grain protectant. However, bioassays showed that the 60-ppm rate only provided 3 months protection from a strain that was resistant to OPs and pyrethroids, indicating potential non-target site resistance present in this strain. Higher application rates of 90 and 120 ppm were required for 13 months protection. As reported in some other grain protectant studies, initial flavesone residues were lower than the targeted rates, suggesting potential for improving formulation and application methods. Flavesone residues remained relatively stable throughout the study period. We believe that the data generated through this study will provide foundation in establishing field application rate for this new molecule and its possible registration for use by industry to mitigate resistance problems.

一项研究旨在评估合成生物杀虫剂氟虫脲作为一种潜在的谷物保护剂对小麦中的小粒螟（Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)）的作用。寻找新的谷物保护剂至关重要，因为小粒螟对有机磷（OP）、氨基甲酸酯、合成除虫菊酯和幼虫激素类似物等各种杀虫剂具有遗传抗性。在小麦通过钻孔机装入大型（1 吨）贮藏袋时，分别用 0、60、90 或 120 ppm 的氟虫氨进行处理。处理后的小麦在昆士兰东南部的遮蔽环境条件下贮藏 13 个月，同时在处理后 1 周采集样本，并在 30 °C 和 55% 相对湿度条件下在实验室中贮藏 13 个月，以进行比较。对实验室和环境条件下储存的小麦进行的生物测定表明，根据对 F1 代的高抑制水平，60 ppm 的施用量至少可以保护小麦 13 个月免受易感菌株的侵害。在环境条件下储存的未经处理的小麦会受到严重的多瘤蚜侵染，而在任何处理中均未检测到多瘤蚜，从而进一步证实了氟虫氨作为一种有效谷物保护剂的潜力。不过，生物测定显示，60 ppm 的施用量只能保护一种对 OPs 和除虫菊酯类具有抗性的菌株 3 个月，这表明该菌株可能对非靶标部位具有抗性。90ppm 和 120ppm 的较高施用量可提供 13 个月的保护。正如其他一些谷物保护剂研究报告的那样，最初的氟虫氨残留量低于目标施用量，这表明有可能改进配方和施用方法。在整个研究期间，氟乐松的残留量保持相对稳定。我们相信，通过这项研究获得的数据将为确定这种新分子的田间施用量以及在工业上注册使用以减轻抗性问题奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0