Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102533
Daniel Kosini , Moïse Adamou , George Tchindebe , Jean W. Goudoungou , Tagne G. Fotso , Mohammadou Moukhtar , Elias N. Nukenine
Diatomaceous earth (DE), derived from fossilized diatoms, serves as an effective alternative to synthetic insecticides for grain protection. This study assessed two DE products, Silico-Sec® and Fossil Shield®, against Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea, Bambara groundnut, and soybean stored in Cameroon's Sudano-Guinean agro-ecological zone. Four DE doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg grain) were evaluated, along with malathion at 0.5 g/kg. Mortality was recorded over six days, and oviposition and F1 progeny production were measured at day seven and at F1 emergence, respectively. Both DE formulations exhibited dose-dependent mortality, with Silico-Sec® achieving 96.5% mortality in cowpea within three days (LD50 = 0.54 g/kg) and Fossil Shield® reaching it in four days (LD50 = 0.33 g/kg) at 2 g/kg. High efficacy was similarly noted for soybean and Bambara groundnut, with both DEs surpassing 95% mortality within 3 day at the highest dose. Furthermore, Silico-Sec® and malathion significantly reduced oviposition on cowpea by 98%, while Fossil Shield® achieved a 71% reduction; analogous trends were observed for F1 progeny inhibition. Silico-Sec® demonstrated efficacy comparable to malathion across all parameters, underscoring its potential as a sustainable option in integrated pest management against C. maculatus in this region of Cameroon.
{"title":"Insecticidal potential of diatomaceous earth against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting stored cowpea, Bambara groundnut and soybean in the Sudano-Guinean climatic conditions of Cameroon","authors":"Daniel Kosini , Moïse Adamou , George Tchindebe , Jean W. Goudoungou , Tagne G. Fotso , Mohammadou Moukhtar , Elias N. Nukenine","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diatomaceous earth (DE), derived from fossilized diatoms, serves as an effective alternative to synthetic insecticides for grain protection. This study assessed two DE products, Silico-Sec® and Fossil Shield®, against <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em> in cowpea, Bambara groundnut, and soybean stored in Cameroon's Sudano-Guinean agro-ecological zone. Four DE doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg grain) were evaluated, along with malathion at 0.5 g/kg. Mortality was recorded over six days, and oviposition and F1 progeny production were measured at day seven and at F1 emergence, respectively. Both DE formulations exhibited dose-dependent mortality, with Silico-Sec® achieving 96.5% mortality in cowpea within three days (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.54 g/kg) and Fossil Shield® reaching it in four days (LD<sub>50</sub> = 0.33 g/kg) at 2 g/kg. High efficacy was similarly noted for soybean and Bambara groundnut, with both DEs surpassing 95% mortality within 3 day at the highest dose. Furthermore, Silico-Sec® and malathion significantly reduced oviposition on cowpea by 98%, while Fossil Shield® achieved a 71% reduction; analogous trends were observed for F1 progeny inhibition. Silico-Sec® demonstrated efficacy comparable to malathion across all parameters, underscoring its potential as a sustainable option in integrated pest management against <em>C. maculatus</em> in this region of Cameroon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102529
Olivier Tonato , Elie Ayitondji Dannon , Saturnin Hounsou , Daniel C. Chougourou , Manuele Tamò
In Benin, protection of maize against storage insect pests remains a major challenge and motivates maize growers to rely on synthetic chemicals. The overuse/misuse of such compounds can lead to high residue levels and potential health risks. This current study was designed to assess insecticide residues in stored maize in Southern and Central Benin. Thirty-five (35) samples of shelled, husked and dehusked maize were collected in both areas especially in seven major maize production municipalities namely Adjohoun, Aplahoue Djidja Kétou, Lokossa, Ouesse and Toffo. Samples were taken from different types of storage structures in five villages (one sample per village) in each municipality. Both villages and growers were selected randomly. Chemical residues were extracted using the QuEChERS method with 4 replicates while analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an Ultra-Violet spectrophotometer technique for the four commonly applied chemicals on stored maize in the study area. Residues of Pirimiphos-methyl, Aluminium phosphide and Permethrin were found in 80–100, 40–100, and 0–100% of the samples collected, respectively, but none contained Lambda-Cyhalothrin. In total, 97% of the samples contained at least one of the pesticides tested, and 94% contained at least one of the pesticides tested at a concentration above the European Union international standard (Maximum residual limits) (MRL). Of these, 77%, 91% and 14% of the samples contained residues above the MRL for aluminum phosphide, pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin, respectively. Data were discussed with regard to potential human health concerns.
{"title":"Assessing insecticide residues in stored maize in Southern and Central Benin","authors":"Olivier Tonato , Elie Ayitondji Dannon , Saturnin Hounsou , Daniel C. Chougourou , Manuele Tamò","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Benin, protection of maize against storage insect pests remains a major challenge and motivates maize growers to rely on synthetic chemicals. The overuse/misuse of such compounds can lead to high residue levels and potential health risks. This current study was designed to assess insecticide residues in stored maize in Southern and Central Benin. Thirty-five (35) samples of shelled, husked and dehusked maize were collected in both areas especially in seven major maize production municipalities namely Adjohoun, Aplahoue Djidja Kétou, Lokossa, Ouesse and Toffo. Samples were taken from different types of storage structures in five villages (one sample per village) in each municipality. Both villages and growers were selected randomly. Chemical residues were extracted using the QuEChERS method with 4 replicates while analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an Ultra-Violet spectrophotometer technique for the four commonly applied chemicals on stored maize in the study area. Residues of Pirimiphos-methyl, Aluminium phosphide and Permethrin were found in 80–100, 40–100, and 0–100% of the samples collected, respectively, but none contained Lambda-Cyhalothrin. In total, 97% of the samples contained at least one of the pesticides tested, and 94% contained at least one of the pesticides tested at a concentration above the European Union international standard (Maximum residual limits) (MRL). Of these, 77%, 91% and 14% of the samples contained residues above the MRL for aluminum phosphide, pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin, respectively. Data were discussed with regard to potential human health concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cowpea is one of the most important crops in addressing food insecurity in less developed rural communities. However, due to certain inappropriate production and storage conditions, this crop is likely to be contaminated by fungi capable of producing mycotoxins. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine on post-harvest processing for cowpea grains in the three climatic zones, Sahelian, Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian, of Burkina Faso and to assess the aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 content of these grains. A questionnaire was administered to 69 producers to determine the post-harvest processing methods of cowpea grain. The questionnaire was supported with direct observations. Post-harvest handling of cowpea grains by producers, predominantly female (74.4%), revealed that pod drying was on plastic sheets (39.13%), plastic bags (13.04%), terraces (36.23%), on the ground (4.35%), on the roof of sheds (4.35%) or on the roof of houses (2.9%). Whereas the main materials used for grain storage were sealed cans (49.28%) and Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags (26.09%). Insects (36.23%) and fungi (10.14%) were the main biotic constraints reported. The aflatoxin contents of cowpea grain samples collected were relatively low (0.02 μg kg−1 to 2.56 μg kg−1) compared to the limit values set by the codex (0.5–15 μg kg−1) for foodstuffs. The study provides valuable insights into mycotoxin risks, offering guidance for regulatory measures. Its findings are applicable to other regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and developing areas, presenting practical solutions to enhance post-harvest management and address contamination challenges.
{"title":"Postharvest practices and aflatoxin content of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) grain in Burkina Faso","authors":"Amidou S. Ouili , Mahamadi Nikiema , Cheik Omar Tidiane Compaoré , Zakheleni Palane Dube , Mikaila Kinore , Ynoussa Maiga , Inoussa Ilboudo , Aboubakar Sidiki Ouattara","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cowpea is one of the most important crops in addressing food insecurity in less developed rural communities. However, due to certain inappropriate production and storage conditions, this crop is likely to be contaminated by fungi capable of producing mycotoxins. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine on post-harvest processing for cowpea grains in the three climatic zones, Sahelian, Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian, of Burkina Faso and to assess the aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub> content of these grains. A questionnaire was administered to 69 producers to determine the post-harvest processing methods of cowpea grain. The questionnaire was supported with direct observations. Post-harvest handling of cowpea grains by producers, predominantly female (74.4%), revealed that pod drying was on plastic sheets (39.13%), plastic bags (13.04%), terraces (36.23%), on the ground (4.35%), on the roof of sheds (4.35%) or on the roof of houses (2.9%). Whereas the main materials used for grain storage were sealed cans (49.28%) and Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags (26.09%). Insects (36.23%) and fungi (10.14%) were the main biotic constraints reported. The aflatoxin contents of cowpea grain samples collected were relatively low (0.02 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> to 2.56 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) compared to the limit values set by the codex (0.5–15 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) for foodstuffs. The study provides valuable insights into mycotoxin risks, offering guidance for regulatory measures. Its findings are applicable to other regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and developing areas, presenting practical solutions to enhance post-harvest management and address contamination challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102516
Azita Dehghan , Mahsa Safa , Ehsan Borzoui
We examined how diet and temperature affect developmental time and survival of immature stages, adults’ longevity, fecundity, and energy reserves of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a cosmopolitan pest of grains and other stored products. Also, we studied whether and to what extent the temperature impacts the host selection by larvae. Beetles were reared under five temperature regimes (21, 25, 29, 33, and 37 °C, 65 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 14L: 10D h) and fed with three commodities (barley, walnut, and wheat). At 29, 33, and 37 °C, the shorter immature developmental time and higher survival rate of T. granarium were on wheat, followed by barley and walnut. A diapause-like state was induced in the last instar larvae fed barley at 25 and 21 °C and wheat at 21 °C. In contrast, the beetles fed walnut completed their life cycle and successfully oviposited at these temperatures. At 21 and 25 °C, walnut attracted a higher density of larvae in a free-choice condition. Conversely, wheat attracted more larvae at 29, 33, and 37 °C, and the lowest number of larvae was observed on walnut. The walnut-fed larvae had a higher content of lipids than wheat- and barley-fed larvae. The present study highlights the need to account for temperature effects when studying the food preferences of insects and to consider further characteristics that may impact host selection. Our findings allow us to anticipate the population dynamics of T. granarium on different commodities according to environmental temperature.
{"title":"Temperature mediates life history, energy reserves, and host selection of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)","authors":"Azita Dehghan , Mahsa Safa , Ehsan Borzoui","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined how diet and temperature affect developmental time and survival of immature stages, adults’ longevity, fecundity, and energy reserves of <em>Trogoderma granarium</em> Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a cosmopolitan pest of grains and other stored products. Also, we studied whether and to what extent the temperature impacts the host selection by larvae. Beetles were reared under five temperature regimes (21, 25, 29, 33, and 37 °C, 65 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 14L: 10D h) and fed with three commodities (barley, walnut, and wheat). At 29, 33, and 37 °C, the shorter immature developmental time and higher survival rate of <em>T. granarium</em> were on wheat, followed by barley and walnut. A diapause-like state was induced in the last instar larvae fed barley at 25 and 21 °C and wheat at 21 °C. In contrast, the beetles fed walnut completed their life cycle and successfully oviposited at these temperatures. At 21 and 25 °C, walnut attracted a higher density of larvae in a free-choice condition. Conversely, wheat attracted more larvae at 29, 33, and 37 °C, and the lowest number of larvae was observed on walnut. The walnut-fed larvae had a higher content of lipids than wheat- and barley-fed larvae. The present study highlights the need to account for temperature effects when studying the food preferences of insects and to consider further characteristics that may impact host selection. Our findings allow us to anticipate the population dynamics of <em>T. granarium</em> on different commodities according to environmental temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102527
Silin Chen , Siyu Chen , Jianfeng Liu , Fangling Xu , Chengxu Wu , Maofa Yang
Megabruchidius dorsalis (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is an oligophagous storage pest that damages the seeds of Gleditsia L. in Asia and Europe. Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu, Zhang & He (Acari: Pyemotidae), an endemic natural enemy of wood-boring pests, is characterized by its preference for dark environments and strong search capabilities. This study investigated the efficiency of P. zhonghuajia to parasitize M. dorsalis based on three parameters as follows: mortality rate, parasitic preference, and functional response. We found that P. zhonghuajia exhibited high mortality rates against the eggs, early instar larvae, and pupae of M. dorsalis, particularly achieving 100% mortality for eggs and 1st–2nd instar larvae within 6 h of treatment. P. zhonghuajia showed a greater inclination to parasitize 3rd–4th instar larvae and pupae of M. dorsalis. The parasitic behavior of P. zhonghuajia toward M. dorsalis eggs and 1st instar larvae conformed to a type III functional response, indicating that parasitism rate increased with host density and then decreased at higher host densities. Increased density of P. zhonghuajia negatively impacted its searching efficiency. In conclusion, P. zhonghuajia was highly efficient in parasitizing various developmental stages of M. dorsalis (especially eggs and early larvae) and could be used for biological control.
{"title":"Low-density Pyemotes zhonghuajia effectively controls the eggs and early instar larvae of Megabruchidius dorsalis","authors":"Silin Chen , Siyu Chen , Jianfeng Liu , Fangling Xu , Chengxu Wu , Maofa Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Megabruchidius dorsalis</em> (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is an oligophagous storage pest that damages the seeds of <em>Gleditsia</em> L. in Asia and Europe. <em>Pyemotes zhonghuajia</em> Yu, Zhang & He (Acari: Pyemotidae), an endemic natural enemy of wood-boring pests, is characterized by its preference for dark environments and strong search capabilities. This study investigated the efficiency of <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> to parasitize <em>M. dorsalis</em> based on three parameters as follows: mortality rate, parasitic preference, and functional response. We found that <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> exhibited high mortality rates against the eggs, early instar larvae, and pupae of <em>M. dorsalis</em>, particularly achieving 100% mortality for eggs and 1st–2nd instar larvae within 6 h of treatment. <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> showed a greater inclination to parasitize 3rd–4th instar larvae and pupae of <em>M. dorsalis</em>. The parasitic behavior of <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> toward <em>M. dorsalis</em> eggs and 1st instar larvae conformed to a type III functional response, indicating that parasitism rate increased with host density and then decreased at higher host densities. Increased density of <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> negatively impacted its searching efficiency. In conclusion, <em>P. zhonghuajia</em> was highly efficient in parasitizing various developmental stages of <em>M. dorsalis</em> (especially eggs and early larvae) and could be used for biological control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ecology regarding the ectoparasitoid mite of the family Pyemotidae remains largely underexplored. This field warrants further attention, to enhance the effectiveness of pyemotid mite species as biological control agents against xylophagous insects and stored-product pests, and to clarify the role of these mites in the onset of itchy dermatitis in humans. This is the first investigation regarding the host-location process of Pyemotes tritici (LaGrèze-Fossat and Montane, 1851), an ectoparasitoid that attacks a wide range of hosts, including xylophagous insects and stored product pests. Bioassays in still air olfactometer and open arena have been performed. Females of P. tritici, consistent with the typical behavior of generalist parasitoids, demonstrated the ability to detect and respond to various volatile chemicals emitted from the host habitat (seasoned wood sawdust from pine and beech) and host frass of two longhorn beetles, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) and Trichoferus holosericeus (Rossi), as well as from feces and silk of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), while they did not respond to volatiles emitted from the larvae of the same species. Additionally, they detected non-volatile chemicals from the cuticle of T. holosericeus. These results highlight the importance of chemical cues, both direct and indirect, from the host in the host-location process of P. tritici. Moreover, we provided a useful protocol for safely rearing these potentially harmful mites. Chemical analysis of host and habitat VOCs and host larval CHCs involved in the host location process for identification of active compounds will complete the behavioural results here presented.
{"title":"Olfactory cues in the host-location of the cosmopolitan ecto-parasitoid Pyemotes tritici (Acarina: Pyemotidae)","authors":"Paolo Masini , Manuela Rebora , Valerio Saitta , Silvana Piersanti , Gianandrea Salerno","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical ecology regarding the ectoparasitoid mite of the family <em>Pyemotidae</em> remains largely underexplored. This field warrants further attention, to enhance the effectiveness of pyemotid mite species as biological control agents against xylophagous insects and stored-product pests, and to clarify the role of these mites in the onset of itchy dermatitis in humans. This is the first investigation regarding the host-location process of <em>Pyemotes tritici</em> (LaGrèze-Fossat and Montane, 1851), an ectoparasitoid that attacks a wide range of hosts, including xylophagous insects and stored product pests. Bioassays in still air olfactometer and open arena have been performed. Females of <em>P. tritici</em>, consistent with the typical behavior of generalist parasitoids, demonstrated the ability to detect and respond to various volatile chemicals emitted from the host habitat (seasoned wood sawdust from pine and beech) and host frass of two longhorn beetles, <em>Hylotrupes bajulus</em> (L.) and <em>Trichoferus holosericeus</em> (Rossi), as well as from feces and silk of the rice moth <em>Corcyra cephalonica</em> (Stainton), while they did not respond to volatiles emitted from the larvae of the same species. Additionally, they detected non-volatile chemicals from the cuticle of <em>T. holosericeus</em>. These results highlight the importance of chemical cues, both direct and indirect, from the host in the host-location process of <em>P. tritici</em>. Moreover, we provided a useful protocol for safely rearing these potentially harmful mites. Chemical analysis of host and habitat VOCs and host larval CHCs involved in the host location process for identification of active compounds will complete the behavioural results here presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102524
Mohamed Y. Hashem , Shimaa S.H. Khalil , Rasha A. Zinhoum , Amira Afify , Sayeda S. Ahmed
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum is considered one of the most important pests of grains and stored products. Its adults and larvae feed on flour, grain germ and endosperm, and contaminate grains and stored products with their body parts and feces. In heavy infestation, the products become unusable for human consumption. So this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypoxia (using non-toxic gases) on flour beetle larvae and adults under temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C using 97 and 98% nitrogen at several exposure periods. Also, DNA damage was measured in untreated and treated insects with LT50 of 98% N2 at different temperatures by comet assay. The results showed that, at 97 and 98% N2, the complete adult mortality was achieved after 17 & 13 days at 15 °C, which decreased to 9 & 8 days at 25 °C and 7 & 6 days at 35 °C. While the larvae treated with nitrogen at 15, 25 and 35 °C needed exposure periods of 13, 9 and 4 days at 97% N2 and 12, 7 and 3 days at 98% N2 to achieve complete mortality. The comet assay showed that, DNA in adults and larvae was damaged at different levels according to temperatures; the tail length increased from 5.95 to 8.82 μm and DNA in tail was 10.52% increased to 12.86% when temperature increased from 15 °C to 35 °C. The tail length of treated larvae was 6.41μm increased to 7.66 μm and the DNA in tail was 9.51% increased to 11.59% when temperature increased from 25 to 35 °C. In conclusion, the results showed significant damage to the DNA of larvae and adults treated with the highest concentration and temperature used, so we recommend treating adults and larvae of T. castaneum with 98% N2 for 6 days at 35 °C to control this pest.
{"title":"Detection of DNA damage in larvae and adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exposed to hypoxia at different temperatures using the comet assay","authors":"Mohamed Y. Hashem , Shimaa S.H. Khalil , Rasha A. Zinhoum , Amira Afify , Sayeda S. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> is considered one of the most important pests of grains and stored products. Its adults and larvae feed on flour, grain germ and endosperm, and contaminate grains and stored products with their body parts and feces. In heavy infestation, the products become unusable for human consumption. So this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypoxia (using non-toxic gases) on flour beetle larvae and adults under temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C using 97 and 98% nitrogen at several exposure periods. Also, DNA damage was measured in untreated and treated insects with LT<sub>50</sub> of 98% N<sub>2</sub> at different temperatures by comet assay. The results showed that, at 97 and 98% N<sub>2</sub>, the complete adult mortality was achieved after 17 & 13 days at 15 °C, which decreased to 9 & 8 days at 25 °C and 7 & 6 days at 35 °C. While the larvae treated with nitrogen at 15, 25 and 35 °C needed exposure periods of 13, 9 and 4 days at 97% N<sub>2</sub> and 12, 7 and 3 days at 98% N<sub>2</sub> to achieve complete mortality. The comet assay showed that, DNA in adults and larvae was damaged at different levels according to temperatures; the tail length increased from 5.95 to 8.82 μm and DNA in tail was 10.52% increased to 12.86% when temperature increased from 15 °C to 35 °C. The tail length of treated larvae was 6.41μm increased to 7.66 μm and the DNA in tail was 9.51% increased to 11.59% when temperature increased from 25 to 35 °C. In conclusion, the results showed significant damage to the DNA of larvae and adults treated with the highest concentration and temperature used, so we recommend treating adults and larvae of <em>T. castaneum</em> with 98% N<sub>2</sub> for 6 days at 35 °C to control this pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102526
Qingjiao Yuan, Jianhua Lü, Linshan Du, Yafei Guo
Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) usually is used as a biological control agent which is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM). The control potential of T. elegans against Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) was evaluated in laboratory. The penetration ability of T. elegans against common packaging materials (kraft paper, cartoon, plastic woven bag, sack and plastic bag), the invasion ratios of T. elegans and L. serricorne to different sizes (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) of meshes were studied. Effectiveness of T. elegans against L. serricorne larvae at different parasitoid-to-host ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25) and different parasitism times (24, 48, and 72 h) were investigated, and effectiveness of T. elegans against L. serricorne larvae at different space sizes (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ml) of plastic bottles were further investigated when the parasitoid-to-host ratio was at 1:15. The mature larvae of L. serricorne in plastic woven bags and sacks were parasitized by T. elegans, indicating T. elegans had a potent penetration capability. The meshes with a side length of 0.3 mm or smaller were not invaded through by T. elegans. Parasitism time and parasitoid-to-host ratio and their interaction significantly affected the parasitism rate of T. elegans to L. serricorne, which reached the maximum value of 62.00% when the parasitoid-to-host ratio was 1:5 for 72 h treatment. There were no significant differences in the number of parasitized hosts, parasitism ratios and the control ratios of T. elegans in the spaces of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ml after 48 h treatment. These results showed that T. elegans had strong potential to control L. serricorne, which provide scientific information for the large-scale release of T. elegans.
{"title":"Control potential of Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) against Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)","authors":"Qingjiao Yuan, Jianhua Lü, Linshan Du, Yafei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Theocolax elegans</em> (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) usually is used as a biological control agent which is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM). The control potential of <em>T</em>. <em>elegans</em> against <em>Lasioderma serricorne</em> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) was evaluated in laboratory. The penetration ability of <em>T</em>. <em>elegans</em> against common packaging materials (kraft paper, cartoon, plastic woven bag, sack and plastic bag), the invasion ratios of <em>T</em>. <em>elegans</em> and <em>L</em>. <em>serricorne</em> to different sizes (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) of meshes were studied. Effectiveness of <em>T. elegans</em> against <em>L. serricorne</em> larvae at different parasitoid-to-host ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25) and different parasitism times (24, 48, and 72 h) were investigated, and effectiveness of <em>T. elegans</em> against <em>L. serricorne</em> larvae at different space sizes (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ml) of plastic bottles were further investigated when the parasitoid-to-host ratio was at 1:15. The mature larvae of <em>L. serricorne</em> in plastic woven bags and sacks were parasitized by <em>T. elegans</em>, indicating <em>T. elegans</em> had a potent penetration capability. The meshes with a side length of 0.3 mm or smaller were not invaded through by <em>T</em>. <em>elegans</em>. Parasitism time and parasitoid-to-host ratio and their interaction significantly affected the parasitism rate of <em>T. elegans</em> to <em>L. serricorne</em>, which reached the maximum value of 62.00% when the parasitoid-to-host ratio was 1:5 for 72 h treatment. There were no significant differences in the number of parasitized hosts, parasitism ratios and the control ratios of <em>T. elegans</em> in the spaces of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ml after 48 h treatment. These results showed that <em>T. elegans</em> had strong potential to control <em>L. serricorne,</em> which provide scientific information for the large-scale release of <em>T</em>. <em>elegans</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102521
Chao Huang , Jianhua Lü , Chunqi Bai , Yafei Guo , Chao Guo , Jizhen Song , Jiaqin Xi
Lasioderma serricorne is an important pest in the storage of tobacco and grains. s-methoprene is among the most widely used juvenile hormone analogues (JHA). However, the molecular mechanism of s-methoprene on Lasioderma serricorne was not clear. Thus, the survival number, pupation rate, mortality rate, and transcriptome of L. serricorne larvae (Larvae of L. serricorne exposed to s-methoprene at 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 × 10−5 mg/cm2 for 2 weeks were referred to as LS0, LS0.5, LS5, and LS50, respectively) exposed to different doses of s-methoprene were studied. After 2 weeks of exposure to s-methoprene, there were significant differences in the number of larvae and pupation rate between the treatment and control groups. By analyzing the gene expression patterns and whole transcriptome of L. serricorne larvae, a total of 468, 4003 and 5132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (LS0.5 vs LS0, LS5 vs LS0, and LS50 vs LS0, respectively). A total of 120 commonly up-regulated genes and 3659 commonly down-regulated genes were identified in LS5 vs LS0, and LS50 vs LS0. Weighted gene correlation expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified five modules comprising all transcripts, with the blue module closely related to the LS50. Moreover, the genes of the blue module were highly correlated with “biological processes (1162 genes)”, “cellular components (1507 genes)”, and “molecular functions (1446 genes)”. Three transcription factor genes TRINITY_DN3652_c0_g1_i12, TRINITY_DN6508_c0_g2_i1 and TRINITY_DN184_c0_g2_i2 were identified as hub genes in the blue module. The expression changes of these genes indicated that the expression levels of non-biological related genes, such as enzymes, protein metabolism, and signal transduction may change under s-methoprene stress. The present results revealed the molecular mechanism of the adaptability of L. serricorne to s-methoprene stress, providing a reference for further exploring the molecular mechanism of s-methoprene on L. serricorne.
{"title":"Transcriptome reveals patterns of response by Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) larvae to s-methoprene exposure","authors":"Chao Huang , Jianhua Lü , Chunqi Bai , Yafei Guo , Chao Guo , Jizhen Song , Jiaqin Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lasioderma serricorn</em>e is an important pest in the storage of tobacco and grains. <em>s</em>-methoprene is among the most widely used juvenile hormone analogues (JHA). However, the molecular mechanism of <em>s</em>-methoprene on <em>Lasioderma serricorn</em>e was not clear. Thus, the survival number, pupation rate, mortality rate, and transcriptome of <em>L. serricorne</em> larvae (Larvae of L. <em>serricorne</em> exposed to <em>s</em>-methoprene at 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mg/cm<sup>2</sup> for 2 weeks were referred to as LS0, LS0.5, LS5, and LS50, respectively) exposed to different doses of <em>s</em>-methoprene were studied. After 2 weeks of exposure to <em>s</em>-methoprene, there were significant differences in the number of larvae and pupation rate between the treatment and control groups. By analyzing the gene expression patterns and whole transcriptome of <em>L. serricorne</em> larvae, a total of 468, 4003 and 5132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (LS0.5 <em>vs</em> LS0, LS5 <em>vs</em> LS0, and LS50 <em>vs</em> LS0, respectively). A total of 120 commonly up-regulated genes and 3659 commonly down-regulated genes were identified in LS5 <em>vs</em> LS0, and LS50 <em>vs</em> LS0. Weighted gene correlation expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified five modules comprising all transcripts, with the blue module closely related to the LS50. Moreover, the genes of the blue module were highly correlated with “biological processes (1162 genes)”, “cellular components (1507 genes)”, and “molecular functions (1446 genes)”. Three transcription factor genes TRINITY_DN3652_c0_g1_i12, TRINITY_DN6508_c0_g2_i1 and TRINITY_DN184_c0_g2_i2 were identified as hub genes in the blue module. The expression changes of these genes indicated that the expression levels of non-biological related genes, such as enzymes, protein metabolism, and signal transduction may change under <em>s</em>-methoprene stress. The present results revealed the molecular mechanism of the adaptability of <em>L. serricorne</em> to <em>s</em>-methoprene stress, providing a reference for further exploring the molecular mechanism of <em>s</em>-methoprene on <em>L. serricorne</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As food systems across sub-Saharan Africa transform and urbanise, demand for all-year-round supplies for the raw materials is increasing. This demand can be met through combinations of staggering crop production, purchasing from diverse geographical areas, and storing produce. Focusing on the increasing use of orange-fleshed sweetpotato root puree in vitamin-A-rich food products, we ran a series of storage trials in Kenya to investigate whether commercial-scale fresh orange-fleshed sweetpotato storage could provide a stable supply of roots for puree production. The trials studied storage of roots of two sweetpotato varieties (Kabode and Vita), using washed versus unwashed roots in wooden crates, and mains grid power versus off-grid solar-powered storerooms for four-months. Following curing at 30 °C, roots were stored at 20–23 °C, and quality assessed. After four months storage, 54–59 % (Kabode) and 63–83 % (Vita) of initial root weight remained suitable for processing into puree. However, weevil and sprouting problems occurred. Vita outperformed Kabode for most criteria. Neither root washing nor different storerooms had a consistent effect on root quality. Subsequent trials in a solar-powered store investigated if lower temperatures of ≤15 °C and 90 % rh, with pre-harvest dehaulming could reduce weevil development, sprouting and rotting in stored roots. While control of sprouting and weevil damage was achieved and dehaulming improved stored root quality, while washing reduced it, high incidence of rotting and root weight loss occurred. Increasing store ventilation did not reduce rotting. We conclude that further trials with well controlled storage environments are required to understand how raw root quality, dehaulming, harvesting and handling practices, curing conditions, air exchange, and packaging materials affect quality during fresh root storage.
{"title":"Developing commercial-scale fresh sweetpotato root storage in tropical areas of sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Tanya Stathers , Benard Otieno , Bethwel Kipkoech , Debbie Rees , Marcelo Precoppe , Penina Muoki , Jan Low","doi":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jspr.2024.102522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As food systems across sub-Saharan Africa transform and urbanise, demand for all-year-round supplies for the raw materials is increasing. This demand can be met through combinations of staggering crop production, purchasing from diverse geographical areas, and storing produce. Focusing on the increasing use of orange-fleshed sweetpotato root puree in vitamin-A-rich food products, we ran a series of storage trials in Kenya to investigate whether commercial-scale fresh orange-fleshed sweetpotato storage could provide a stable supply of roots for puree production. The trials studied storage of roots of two sweetpotato varieties (Kabode and Vita), using washed versus unwashed roots in wooden crates, and mains grid power versus off-grid solar-powered storerooms for four-months. Following curing at 30 °C, roots were stored at 20–23 °C, and quality assessed. After four months storage, 54–59 % (Kabode) and 63–83 % (Vita) of initial root weight remained suitable for processing into puree. However, weevil and sprouting problems occurred. Vita outperformed Kabode for most criteria. Neither root washing nor different storerooms had a consistent effect on root quality. Subsequent trials in a solar-powered store investigated if lower temperatures of ≤15 °C and 90 % rh, with pre-harvest dehaulming could reduce weevil development, sprouting and rotting in stored roots. While control of sprouting and weevil damage was achieved and dehaulming improved stored root quality, while washing reduced it, high incidence of rotting and root weight loss occurred. Increasing store ventilation did not reduce rotting. We conclude that further trials with well controlled storage environments are required to understand how raw root quality, dehaulming, harvesting and handling practices, curing conditions, air exchange, and packaging materials affect quality during fresh root storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stored Products Research","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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