Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13945
Mohammad Ali Gharaat, Hamid Reza Choobdari, Neiema Khajavi, Seyed Rafie Shafabakhsh
Introduction: Different training methods have cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential protective impact of continuous and interval swimming training with weights on cardiac morphological factors and serum levels of Apelin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 27 male rats divided randomly into the control (n=6), sham (n=5), interval (n=8) and endurance (n=8) groups. The endurance group swam for 12 weeks/5 days while swimming time increased incrementally. During the 12-week/4-day period, the interval group engaged in swimming exercises while gradually increasing the load and reducing the duration of rest. Apelin and Insulin like Growth Factor-1 concentration, heart weight and left ventricle weight were measured. One-way ANOVA was utilized and Tuckey-HSD test was used to point out the place of significance (α ≤ 0.05).
Results: Findings showed that total heart weight in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02 respectively) and sham (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02, respectively) significantly increased. Furthermore, the weight of the left ventricle showed a significant increase following endurance training in comparison to both the control (P= 0.02) and the sham groups (P= 0.02). Additionally, it was found to be significantly higher than the sham group following interval training. (P= 0.01). Apelin significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.00 and P= 002 respectively) and sham groups (P= 0.02 and P= 0.04, respectively). Moreover, insulin like growth factor-1 significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.01 and P= 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: It appears that a 12-week swimming training program, particularly in an interval format, can induce physiological hypertrophy in cardiac tissue and provide cardiac protective benefits through the upregulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Apelin.
{"title":"Effect of Swimming Training on Cardiac Morphological Factors, Apelin and Insulin like Growth Factor-1 in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Mohammad Ali Gharaat, Hamid Reza Choobdari, Neiema Khajavi, Seyed Rafie Shafabakhsh","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13945","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Different training methods have cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential protective impact of continuous and interval swimming training with weights on cardiac morphological factors and serum levels of Apelin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in male Wistar rats.
 Methods: In this experimental study, 27 male rats divided randomly into the control (n=6), sham (n=5), interval (n=8) and endurance (n=8) groups. The endurance group swam for 12 weeks/5 days while swimming time increased incrementally. During the 12-week/4-day period, the interval group engaged in swimming exercises while gradually increasing the load and reducing the duration of rest. Apelin and Insulin like Growth Factor-1 concentration, heart weight and left ventricle weight were measured. One-way ANOVA was utilized and Tuckey-HSD test was used to point out the place of significance (α ≤ 0.05).
 Results: Findings showed that total heart weight in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02 respectively) and sham (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02, respectively) significantly increased. Furthermore, the weight of the left ventricle showed a significant increase following endurance training in comparison to both the control (P= 0.02) and the sham groups (P= 0.02). Additionally, it was found to be significantly higher than the sham group following interval training. (P= 0.01). Apelin significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.00 and P= 002 respectively) and sham groups (P= 0.02 and P= 0.04, respectively). Moreover, insulin like growth factor-1 significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.01 and P= 0.01, respectively).
 Conclusion: It appears that a 12-week swimming training program, particularly in an interval format, can induce physiological hypertrophy in cardiac tissue and provide cardiac protective benefits through the upregulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Apelin.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13944
Narges Keshtkar, Iravan Masoudi Asl, Somayeh Hessam, Soad Mahfoozpour
Introduction: Medication errors reduce quality of life, immune system function, and cause significant mortality in children with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS virus in Iran's health system.
Methods: The current study was a descriptive one conducted in 2020-2021. At first, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus, the main factors affecting the occurrence of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus were extracted and using them, the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 400 experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and through SPSS version 16 and Lisrel software.
Results: Four factors included organizational factors (p < 0.001), individual factors (p < 0.001), educational factors (p < 0.001) and communication factors (p < 0.001), were identified as effective factors in the management of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus. Factors including Individual, communication, organizational and educational with respective factor loadings of 0.84, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77 had an effect on the management of medication errors in HIV positive children.
Conclusion: For successful management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS, it is advisable to prioritize individual and communication factors (i.e., behavior-based disease counseling specialists) while attending to all four of the relevant factors.
药物错误降低生活质量，免疫系统功能，并导致艾滋病毒/艾滋病儿童的显著死亡率。本研究的目的是确定和解释影响伊朗卫生系统中感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的儿童用药错误管理的因素。方法:本研究为描述性研究，于2020-2021年进行。首先，通过查阅相关研究文献，并对HIV/AIDS儿童治疗领域的专家进行访谈，提取出影响HIV/AIDS儿童用药错误发生的主要因素，并利用这些因素设计研究问卷。收集来自儿童HIV/AIDS治疗领域400名专家的数据，采用探索性因子分析，并通过SPSS version 16和Lisrel软件进行分析。
结果:四个因素包括组织因素(p <0.001)，个体因素(p <0.001)，教育因素(p <0.001)和沟通因素(p <0.001)，被确定为艾滋病毒/艾滋病儿童用药错误管理的有效因素。个体因素、沟通因素、组织因素和教育因素对HIV阳性儿童用药差错管理的影响分别为0.84、0.81、0.79和0.77。
结论:要成功管理儿童感染HIV/AIDS的用药错误，应优先考虑个人因素和沟通因素(即以行为为基础的疾病咨询专家)，同时兼顾所有四个相关因素。
{"title":"Identifying the Effective Factors in Occurrence of Medication Errors in Children Infected with HIV/AIDS Virus in Iran's Health System Using the Structural Equation Modeling Approach","authors":"Narges Keshtkar, Iravan Masoudi Asl, Somayeh Hessam, Soad Mahfoozpour","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13944","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medication errors reduce quality of life, immune system function, and cause significant mortality in children with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS virus in Iran's health system.
 Methods: The current study was a descriptive one conducted in 2020-2021. At first, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus, the main factors affecting the occurrence of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus were extracted and using them, the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 400 experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and through SPSS version 16 and Lisrel software.
 Results: Four factors included organizational factors (p < 0.001), individual factors (p < 0.001), educational factors (p < 0.001) and communication factors (p < 0.001), were identified as effective factors in the management of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus. Factors including Individual, communication, organizational and educational with respective factor loadings of 0.84, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77 had an effect on the management of medication errors in HIV positive children.
 Conclusion: For successful management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS, it is advisable to prioritize individual and communication factors (i.e., behavior-based disease counseling specialists) while attending to all four of the relevant factors.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Healthcare workers, including dental students are at risk of transmission of blood-borne infections like Hepatitis and AIDS because of their continuous contact with blood and other body fluids. Thus it is necessary for them to achieve enough knowledge, proper attitude and right behavior regarding to these diseases through efficient training so they can treat infected patients, which is their ethical and legal duty. The present study was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students in School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about HIV and Hepatitis in 2019-2020.
Methods: This observational-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 4th, 5th and 6th year dental students of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, 170 of whom completed the questionnaire. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts of demographic information and knowledge, attitude and performance questions; data were analyzed using T-Test, ANOVA and chi-score tests and SPSS version 16.
Results: The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis and AIDS was 20/77 (out of 30), 32/04 (out of 45) and 46/17 (out of 52), respectively. The students had low knowledge level about prophylaxis treatments after needlestick injuries and screening tests. They also had poor attitude towards treating the infected patients. There was a significant difference in practice between males and females. (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Dental students performed well in relation to hepatitis and AIDS diseases despite their average knowledge and attitude. Thus there should be an emphasis on knowledge improvement and attitude alternation in Yazd Faculty of Dentistry
导读:卫生保健工作者，包括牙科学生，由于持续接触血液和其他体液，有传播肝炎和艾滋病等血源性感染的风险。因此，他们有必要通过有效的培训，对这些疾病有足够的知识，正确的态度和正确的行为，以便他们能够治疗感染的患者，这是他们的道德和法律责任。本研究旨在评估2019-2020年沙希德·萨杜吉医科大学牙科学院牙科专业学生对艾滋病毒和肝炎的知识、态度和行为。方法:采用观察描述性横断面研究方法，对188名亚兹德牙科学院四、五、六年级学生进行调查，其中170名学生完成问卷调查。数据收集采用研究者自编问卷，包括人口统计信息和知识、态度和绩效问题两部分;数据分析采用t检验、方差分析和chi-score检验及SPSS version 16.
结果:对肝炎和艾滋病知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别为20/77(30分)、32/04(45分)和46/17(52分)。学生对针刺伤后预防治疗和筛查试验的知识水平较低。他们对待感染者的态度也很差。男性和女性在实践上有显著差异。(P-value< 0.05)强生# x0D;结论:牙科学生对肝炎和艾滋病的知识和态度一般，但表现良好。因此，亚兹德牙科学院应重视知识的提高和态度的转变
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Students in Yazd University of Dental School about HIV and Hepatitis in 2019-2020","authors":"Najmeh Jafari, Mohammad Hassan Akhavan karbassi, Seyed Hossein Tabatabaei, Farzaneh Sadeghi","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13942","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Healthcare workers, including dental students are at risk of transmission of blood-borne infections like Hepatitis and AIDS because of their continuous contact with blood and other body fluids. Thus it is necessary for them to achieve enough knowledge, proper attitude and right behavior regarding to these diseases through efficient training so they can treat infected patients, which is their ethical and legal duty. The present study was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students in School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about HIV and Hepatitis in 2019-2020.
 Methods: This observational-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 4th, 5th and 6th year dental students of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, 170 of whom completed the questionnaire. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts of demographic information and knowledge, attitude and performance questions; data were analyzed using T-Test, ANOVA and chi-score tests and SPSS version 16.
 Results: The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis and AIDS was 20/77 (out of 30), 32/04 (out of 45) and 46/17 (out of 52), respectively. The students had low knowledge level about prophylaxis treatments after needlestick injuries and screening tests. They also had poor attitude towards treating the infected patients. There was a significant difference in practice between males and females. (P-value<0.05).
 Conclusion: Dental students performed well in relation to hepatitis and AIDS diseases despite their average knowledge and attitude. Thus there should be an emphasis on knowledge improvement and attitude alternation in Yazd Faculty of Dentistry","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Until now, many surgical sutures have been used for pterygium surgery, but it has not yet been determined which suture thread is preferable for pterygium surgery. In this study, we compared the results of using two surgical sutures, Nylon and Vicryl.
Methods: This study was conducted as a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Seventy patients who were referred and met the criteria for pterygium surgery were assigned to two groups, A and B, each consisting of 35 individuals. Group A utilized the Nylon sutures while Group B utilized the Vicryl sutures. The examinations were performed in terms of study variables according to a questionnaire pre-determined by an ophthalmologist's assistant on the 1st day, 7th day, 4th, and 8th week after operation. The collected data were entered into STATA14 software and considering the qualitative nature of most dependent variables, the collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
Results: According to all the obtained results, it could be concluded that a certain sutures could not be chosen especially better than other suture, because each one had its own advantages and disadvantages. But on a case-by-case basis, Vicryl suture could be recommended for patients who had come to the hospital from far away cities because it did not need to be pulled by the doctor and it created the feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the patient's eye, because it reduced the need to return to the hospital.
Conclusion: In this study, we compared vicryl and nylon sutures in pterygium surgery, and for the first time among other similar studies, we investigated the rate of knot untying of the sutures, and came to the conclusion that each of the nylon sutures and Vicryl has its advantages and disadvantages, but due to the fact that in the Vicryl thread group, the presence of a body was felt less and it did not need to be pulled, we recommended it for the patients visiting from distant cities. It is suggested to compare vicryl and silk sutures in order to find the most suitable suture for pterygoid surgery.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Using Nylon Sutures versus Vicryl Sutures on Inflammation after Pterygium Surgery","authors":"Mohammd Reza Shoja, Mhoammad Hosein Jarahzade, Mohammad Sadegh Dehghani firoozabadi, Farshid Nazeri, Saeede Akbari, Farimah Shamsi","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i8.13948","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Until now, many surgical sutures have been used for pterygium surgery, but it has not yet been determined which suture thread is preferable for pterygium surgery. In this study, we compared the results of using two surgical sutures, Nylon and Vicryl.
 Methods: This study was conducted as a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Seventy patients who were referred and met the criteria for pterygium surgery were assigned to two groups, A and B, each consisting of 35 individuals. Group A utilized the Nylon sutures while Group B utilized the Vicryl sutures. The examinations were performed in terms of study variables according to a questionnaire pre-determined by an ophthalmologist's assistant on the 1st day, 7th day, 4th, and 8th week after operation. The collected data were entered into STATA14 software and considering the qualitative nature of most dependent variables, the collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
 Results: According to all the obtained results, it could be concluded that a certain sutures could not be chosen especially better than other suture, because each one had its own advantages and disadvantages. But on a case-by-case basis, Vicryl suture could be recommended for patients who had come to the hospital from far away cities because it did not need to be pulled by the doctor and it created the feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the patient's eye, because it reduced the need to return to the hospital.
 Conclusion: In this study, we compared vicryl and nylon sutures in pterygium surgery, and for the first time among other similar studies, we investigated the rate of knot untying of the sutures, and came to the conclusion that each of the nylon sutures and Vicryl has its advantages and disadvantages, but due to the fact that in the Vicryl thread group, the presence of a body was felt less and it did not need to be pulled, we recommended it for the patients visiting from distant cities. It is suggested to compare vicryl and silk sutures in order to find the most suitable suture for pterygoid surgery.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), are one of the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and are currently one of the top ten causes of death. Ischemic heart disease is a type of heart disease that is caused by narrowing of arteries feeding the heart itself. The present study aimed to use data mining algorithms in screening and early prediction of IHD according to the patient's characteristics and risk factors.
Methods: In this research, data of the first phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS), focusing on 21 characteristics of 10,000 participants aged 20-70 years such as age, type of chest pain, blood sugar level, body mass index, employment status, etc. which have been collected since 2013 were analyzed.
Results: Data analysis was conducted using Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms which showed 74.51% accuracy in predicting IHD.
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that via applying Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms, ischemic heart disease can be predicted with high accuracy. Moreover, early screening and timely treatment in the early stages of disease may reduce mortality and morbidity.
导读:心血管疾病，包括缺血性心脏病(IHD)，是全世界死亡和发病的主要原因之一，目前是十大死亡原因之一。缺血性心脏病是一种由心脏供血动脉狭窄引起的心脏病。本研究旨在根据患者的特点和危险因素，利用数据挖掘算法筛查和早期预测IHD。
方法:本研究对亚兹德健康研究(Yazd Health Study, YaHS)一期数据进行分析，重点分析2013年以来收集的1万名20 ~ 70岁参与者的年龄、胸痛类型、血糖水平、体重指数、就业状况等21项特征。
结果:采用随机森林和朴素贝叶斯算法进行数据分析，预测IHD的准确率为74.51%。结论:研究结果表明，应用随机森林和朴素贝叶斯算法可以对缺血性心脏病进行较高的预测。此外，在疾病的早期阶段进行早期筛查和及时治疗可以降低死亡率和发病率。
{"title":"Comparison of Data Mining Algorithms in Prediction of Coronary Artery Diseases Using Yazd Health Study (YaHS) Data","authors":"Azam Barzegari, Seyede Fatemah Noorani, Masoud Mirzaei","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13693","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), are one of the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and are currently one of the top ten causes of death. Ischemic heart disease is a type of heart disease that is caused by narrowing of arteries feeding the heart itself. The present study aimed to use data mining algorithms in screening and early prediction of IHD according to the patient's characteristics and risk factors.
 Methods: In this research, data of the first phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS), focusing on 21 characteristics of 10,000 participants aged 20-70 years such as age, type of chest pain, blood sugar level, body mass index, employment status, etc. which have been collected since 2013 were analyzed.
 Results: Data analysis was conducted using Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms which showed 74.51% accuracy in predicting IHD.
 Conclusion: The study findings revealed that via applying Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms, ischemic heart disease can be predicted with high accuracy. Moreover, early screening and timely treatment in the early stages of disease may reduce mortality and morbidity.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Insulin injection training will lead to improved glucose control and greater satisfaction with treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of insulin injection re-education on injection errors and blood glucose control in the patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 108 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Center using simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed for the patients before and three months after the intervention. The educational content was sent to the participants in the form of a five-minute video and via mobile phone. Data were analyzed using Pair t-test in SPSS 16.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.44 ±8.94 years. The appropriate injection before and after the intervention in terms of the frequency of reused needle (20.4% vs 39.7% , p=0.013), keep pressing (47.2% vs 70.5%, p=0.001), size of the injection area (52.8% vs 75.3%, p=0.001), injection rotation (28.7% vs 37.2%, p=0.02 ) and insulin injection time (65.7%% vs 75.6%, p=0.04), showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: Insulin injection re-education can lead to reducing patients' errors related to the injection. Therefore, teaching patients at regular intervals can improve their performance in the field of insulin injection and improve the quality of treatment.
胰岛素注射训练可改善血糖控制，提高治疗满意度。本研究旨在探讨胰岛素注射再教育对2型糖尿病患者注射错误及血糖控制的影响。
方法:采用简单随机抽样的方法对亚兹德糖尿病中心收治的108例2型糖尿病患者进行半实验研究。数据收集工具是一份研究人员制作的问卷，在干预前和干预后三个月完成。教育内容以五分钟视频的形式通过手机发送给参与者。数据分析采用SPSS 16.
结果:参与者平均年龄为61.44±8.94岁。干预前后适当注射在重复使用针头频率(20.4% vs 39.7%， p=0.013)、持续按压(47.2% vs 70.5%， p=0.001)、注射面积大小(52.8% vs 75.3%， p=0.001)、注射旋转(28.7% vs 37.2%， p=0.02)、胰岛素注射时间(65.7% vs 75.6%， p=0.04)方面均有显著提高。
结论:胰岛素注射再教育可减少患者与注射相关的错误。因此，定期对患者进行教学，可以提高患者在胰岛素注射领域的表现，提高治疗质量。
{"title":"Effect of Insulin Injection Re-Education on Reducing Injection Errors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Akram Mehrabbeik, Reyhaneh Azizi, Nasim Namiranian","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13697","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Insulin injection training will lead to improved glucose control and greater satisfaction with treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of insulin injection re-education on injection errors and blood glucose control in the patients with type 2 diabetes.
 Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 108 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Center using simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed for the patients before and three months after the intervention. The educational content was sent to the participants in the form of a five-minute video and via mobile phone. Data were analyzed using Pair t-test in SPSS 16.
 Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.44 ±8.94 years. The appropriate injection before and after the intervention in terms of the frequency of reused needle (20.4% vs 39.7% , p=0.013), keep pressing (47.2% vs 70.5%, p=0.001), size of the injection area (52.8% vs 75.3%, p=0.001), injection rotation (28.7% vs 37.2%, p=0.02 ) and insulin injection time (65.7%% vs 75.6%, p=0.04), showed a significant increase.
 Conclusion: Insulin injection re-education can lead to reducing patients' errors related to the injection. Therefore, teaching patients at regular intervals can improve their performance in the field of insulin injection and improve the quality of treatment.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13695
Mehdi Tabrizizadeh, Fatemeh Ayatollahi, Fatemeh Valizadeh
Introduction: Microleakage is one of the most important factors in the failure of root canal treatment. Microhardness is one of the physical properties of bioceramics that can be affected by various environmental factors such as enviromental humidity. The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of adding water to semi-setting cement on the microhardness and microleakage of CEM cement.
Methods: 50 single-rooted teeth were selected. Teeth were cut from the CEJ region and the apical 3 mm of the root were trimmed and dentinal blocks with 5 mm height were prepared Peeso reamer size 2 was used to prepare the canal. The teeth were divided into two groups of 23 cases and two groups of 2 positive and negative controls. In the first group, CEM-cement prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions was placed in the canal. In the second group, after adding water to the semi-setting CEM cement mixture, the canal was filled with this cement. The samples were placed in 1% methylene blue for 3 days and then cut. Microleakage was recorded under a stereomicroscope. The microhardness of the samples was measured with Vickers device after mounting in acrylic resin. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19 software and Mann-Whitney Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in microleakage (P-Value <0.008) and microhardness (P-Value <0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, adding water to the semi-setting CEM cement not only does have a very bad clinical effect, but also may even increase sealling ability.
{"title":"Evaluation of Microhardness and Microleakage of CEM Cement after Adding Water to Semi Setting Cement","authors":"Mehdi Tabrizizadeh, Fatemeh Ayatollahi, Fatemeh Valizadeh","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13695","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Microleakage is one of the most important factors in the failure of root canal treatment. Microhardness is one of the physical properties of bioceramics that can be affected by various environmental factors such as enviromental humidity. The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of adding water to semi-setting cement on the microhardness and microleakage of CEM cement.
 Methods: 50 single-rooted teeth were selected. Teeth were cut from the CEJ region and the apical 3 mm of the root were trimmed and dentinal blocks with 5 mm height were prepared Peeso reamer size 2 was used to prepare the canal. The teeth were divided into two groups of 23 cases and two groups of 2 positive and negative controls. In the first group, CEM-cement prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions was placed in the canal. In the second group, after adding water to the semi-setting CEM cement mixture, the canal was filled with this cement. The samples were placed in 1% methylene blue for 3 days and then cut. Microleakage was recorded under a stereomicroscope. The microhardness of the samples was measured with Vickers device after mounting in acrylic resin. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19 software and Mann-Whitney Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests.
 Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in microleakage (P-Value <0.008) and microhardness (P-Value <0.001).
 Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, adding water to the semi-setting CEM cement not only does have a very bad clinical effect, but also may even increase sealling ability.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: One of the serious challenges that societies all over the world are facing is the tendency of couples to have fewer children and to delay it. It is possible thatcovid-19 pandemic, in addition to the previous reasons, attitudes and factors affecting childbearing, may make couples physically and psychologically hesitant to accept the role of parents. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and intention to childbearing age during Covid-19 pandemic in married women of reproductive age in Yazd City in year 2022.
Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 on 225 married women aged 15-40 covered by comprehensive health centers in Yazd-Iran.
The data were collected by completing the demographic information questionnaire, the Persian Version of Attitudes toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale that was approved in 2014 by Baezt et al.; obtaining a higher score indicated a more favorable attitude By answering to the open-ended questions, by self-reporting and electronically, the information related to the factors affecting the intention to have children was collected. The data were analyzed with SPSS16 software.
Results: The results showed that the attitude towards having children in the research community was not favorable (66.96 ± 10.55). Economic problems (n=184, 81.1%), Covid 19 pandemic (n=129, 56.4%) and the importance to comfort and convenience of parents (n=70, 30.8%) was considered as one of the most important factors affecting couples intention to childbearing.
Conclusion: Although the spread of communicable diseases and epidemics can affect the desire of couples to childbearing, but the economic problems and the economic consequences of the pandemic, had undeniable and greater effects on the desire of families childbearing.
{"title":"Attitude and Factors Affecting Intention of Childbearing in COVID 19 Pandemic in Married Women of Reproductive Age Referred to Comprehensive Health Centers in Yazd City in Year 2022","authors":"Behnaz Enjezab, Mahshid Bokaei, Farahnaz Salmanabad","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13696","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the serious challenges that societies all over the world are facing is the tendency of couples to have fewer children and to delay it. It is possible thatcovid-19 pandemic, in addition to the previous reasons, attitudes and factors affecting childbearing, may make couples physically and psychologically hesitant to accept the role of parents. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and intention to childbearing age during Covid-19 pandemic in married women of reproductive age in Yazd City in year 2022.
 Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 on 225 married women aged 15-40 covered by comprehensive health centers in Yazd-Iran.
 The data were collected by completing the demographic information questionnaire, the Persian Version of Attitudes toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale that was approved in 2014 by Baezt et al.; obtaining a higher score indicated a more favorable attitude By answering to the open-ended questions, by self-reporting and electronically, the information related to the factors affecting the intention to have children was collected. The data were analyzed with SPSS16 software.
 Results: The results showed that the attitude towards having children in the research community was not favorable (66.96 ± 10.55). Economic problems (n=184, 81.1%), Covid 19 pandemic (n=129, 56.4%) and the importance to comfort and convenience of parents (n=70, 30.8%) was considered as one of the most important factors affecting couples intention to childbearing.
 Conclusion: Although the spread of communicable diseases and epidemics can affect the desire of couples to childbearing, but the economic problems and the economic consequences of the pandemic, had undeniable and greater effects on the desire of families childbearing.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The third root of mandibular molar teeth is the most important normal anatomical variation in these teeth. Failure to recognize the presence of this root is one of the most common reasons for treatment failure in these teeth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in the mandibular first and second molars in the population of Yazd City using CBCT imaging.
Methods: In this study, 217 CBCT images prepared in an oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic were examined. The presence of the third root in the first and second molar teeth of the mandible was investigated according to the gender of the patients and the side of the tooth placement. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and Chi-Square statistical test.
Results: The prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in the present study in first molar and second molar teeth was recorded 5.1% and 1.8%, respectively. It was reported that its bilateral prevalence was 1.4%. In unilateral cases it was observed more on the right side. The occurrence of Radix Entomolaris had no statistically significant relationship with gender (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The overall frequency of Radix Entomolaris in the population of Yazd City is 6.9%. Its frequency is more likely to be unilateral, mostly in the first molar and without the influence of gender.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in First and Second Mandibular Molars in Yazd Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"Seyed Hossein Razavi, Katayoun Lesani, Fatemeh Ayatollahi, Arezoo Ansari, Ali Hasanzade Salmasi, Yaser Safi","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13694","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The third root of mandibular molar teeth is the most important normal anatomical variation in these teeth. Failure to recognize the presence of this root is one of the most common reasons for treatment failure in these teeth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in the mandibular first and second molars in the population of Yazd City using CBCT imaging.
 Methods: In this study, 217 CBCT images prepared in an oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic were examined. The presence of the third root in the first and second molar teeth of the mandible was investigated according to the gender of the patients and the side of the tooth placement. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and Chi-Square statistical test. 
 Results: The prevalence of Radix Entomolaris in the present study in first molar and second molar teeth was recorded 5.1% and 1.8%, respectively. It was reported that its bilateral prevalence was 1.4%. In unilateral cases it was observed more on the right side. The occurrence of Radix Entomolaris had no statistically significant relationship with gender (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: The overall frequency of Radix Entomolaris in the population of Yazd City is 6.9%. Its frequency is more likely to be unilateral, mostly in the first molar and without the influence of gender.","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13692
Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Zohreh Akhoundimeybodi, Mohammad Javad Sadeghi, Ahmad Reza Ghayedi, Jamshid Ayatollahi, Marzieh Azimi Zade
Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections that lead to death,; incidence of tuberculosis is higher in individuals with immune system deficiency. Candidates for receiving immunosuppressive drugs should be examined for the presence of latent tuberculosis, so that if this test is positive, appropriate treatment and prophylaxis measures for tuberculosis can be carried out for them. The purpose of this study was to screen patients who are candidates for receiving immunosuppressive drugs in terms of tuberculosis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients who were candidates for injectable immunosuppressive drugs hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital between 2019 to 2020. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was taken from all eligible patients by the infection control unit of the hospital. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS V16. The P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Participants were divided into three groups: healthy (TST=0-4), suspected (TST=5-9) and infected with tuberculosis (TST≥10); the frequency in the three groups was 83 (23.9%), 164 respectively. (47.3%) and 100 (28.8%). There was a significant relationship between the reason for referral to receive immunosuppressive drugs and the results of the TST test (P=0.003).
Conclusion: If the patients with rheumatology, dermatology disorders and kidney transplant candidates receive immunosuppressive drugs, they are at high risk of primary tuberculosis infection and activation of latent tuberculosis, and it is necessary for health workers to pay more attention to this issue
{"title":"Investigation of the Frequency of Positive PPD Test in Candidate Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Drugs Hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Years 2019-2020","authors":"Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Zohreh Akhoundimeybodi, Mohammad Javad Sadeghi, Ahmad Reza Ghayedi, Jamshid Ayatollahi, Marzieh Azimi Zade","doi":"10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v31i7.13692","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections that lead to death,; incidence of tuberculosis is higher in individuals with immune system deficiency. Candidates for receiving immunosuppressive drugs should be examined for the presence of latent tuberculosis, so that if this test is positive, appropriate treatment and prophylaxis measures for tuberculosis can be carried out for them. The purpose of this study was to screen patients who are candidates for receiving immunosuppressive drugs in terms of tuberculosis.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients who were candidates for injectable immunosuppressive drugs hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital between 2019 to 2020. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was taken from all eligible patients by the infection control unit of the hospital. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS V16. The P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: Participants were divided into three groups: healthy (TST=0-4), suspected (TST=5-9) and infected with tuberculosis (TST≥10); the frequency in the three groups was 83 (23.9%), 164 respectively. (47.3%) and 100 (28.8%). There was a significant relationship between the reason for referral to receive immunosuppressive drugs and the results of the TST test (P=0.003).
 Conclusion: If the patients with rheumatology, dermatology disorders and kidney transplant candidates receive immunosuppressive drugs, they are at high risk of primary tuberculosis infection and activation of latent tuberculosis, and it is necessary for health workers to pay more attention to this issue","PeriodicalId":17084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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