Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524002200
Sergey Peredkov, Nilson B Pereira, D. Grötzsch, Stefan Hendel, Dirk Wallacher, S. DeBeer
A high-flux beamline optimized for non-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the tender X-ray energy range has been constructed at the BESSY II synchrotron source. The beamline utilizes a cryogenically cooled undulator that provides X-rays over the energy range 2.1 keV to 9.5 keV. This energy range provides access to XES [and in the future X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)] studies of transition metals ranging from Ti to Cu (Kα, Kβ lines) and Zr to Ag (Lα, Lβ), as well as light elements including P, S, Cl, K and Ca (Kα, Kβ). The beamline can be operated in two modes. In PINK mode, a multilayer monochromator (E/ΔE ≃ 30-80) provides a high photon flux (1014 photons s-1 at 6 keV and 300 mA ring current), allowing non-resonant XES measurements of dilute substances. This mode is currently available for general user operation. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and resonant XAS techniques will be available after the second stage of the PINK commissioning, when a high monochromatic mode (E/ΔE ≃ 10000-40000) will be facilitated by a double-crystal monochromator. At present, the beamline incorporates two von Hamos spectrometers, enabling time-resolved XES experiments with time scales down to 0.1 s and the possibility of two-color XES experiments. This paper describes the optical scheme of the PINK beamline and the endstation. The design of the two von Hamos dispersive spectrometers and sample environment are discussed here in detail. To illustrate, XES spectra of phosphorus complexes, KCl, TiO2 and Co3O4 measured using the PINK setup are presented.
在 BESSY II 同步辐射光源建造了一条高通量光束线，该光束线针对嫩 X 射线能量范围内的非共振 X 射线发射光谱（XES）进行了优化。该光束线利用一个低温冷却减压器，提供能量范围为 2.1 keV 至 9.5 keV 的 X 射线。在这一能量范围内，可以对从钛到铜（Kα、Kβ线）、从锆到银（Lα、Lβ）的过渡金属以及包括P、S、Cl、K和Ca（Kα、Kβ）在内的轻元素进行XES[以及未来的X射线吸收光谱（XAS）]研究。该光束线可在两种模式下运行。在 PINK 模式下，多层单色仪（E/ΔE ≃ 30-80）提供高光子通量（6 keV 和 300 mA 环电流时为 1014 光子 s-1），可对稀释物质进行非共振 XES 测量。该模式目前可供普通用户操作。X 射线吸收近边结构和共振 XAS 技术将在 PINK 调试的第二阶段之后投入使用，届时高单色性模式（E/ΔE ≃ 10000-40000）将由双晶单色仪提供。目前，该光束线包含两个 von Hamos 光谱仪，可以进行时间尺度低至 0.1 秒的时间分辨 XES 实验，并有可能进行双色 XES 实验。本文介绍了 PINK 光束线和终端站的光学方案。本文详细讨论了两个 von Hamos 色散光谱仪的设计和样品环境。为了说明问题，本文介绍了使用 PINK 装置测量的磷络合物、KCl、TiO2 和 Co3O4 的 XES 光谱。
{"title":"PINK: a tender X-ray beamline for X-ray emission spectroscopy.","authors":"Sergey Peredkov, Nilson B Pereira, D. Grötzsch, Stefan Hendel, Dirk Wallacher, S. DeBeer","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524002200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524002200","url":null,"abstract":"A high-flux beamline optimized for non-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the tender X-ray energy range has been constructed at the BESSY II synchrotron source. The beamline utilizes a cryogenically cooled undulator that provides X-rays over the energy range 2.1 keV to 9.5 keV. This energy range provides access to XES [and in the future X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)] studies of transition metals ranging from Ti to Cu (Kα, Kβ lines) and Zr to Ag (Lα, Lβ), as well as light elements including P, S, Cl, K and Ca (Kα, Kβ). The beamline can be operated in two modes. In PINK mode, a multilayer monochromator (E/ΔE ≃ 30-80) provides a high photon flux (1014 photons s-1 at 6 keV and 300 mA ring current), allowing non-resonant XES measurements of dilute substances. This mode is currently available for general user operation. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and resonant XAS techniques will be available after the second stage of the PINK commissioning, when a high monochromatic mode (E/ΔE ≃ 10000-40000) will be facilitated by a double-crystal monochromator. At present, the beamline incorporates two von Hamos spectrometers, enabling time-resolved XES experiments with time scales down to 0.1 s and the possibility of two-color XES experiments. This paper describes the optical scheme of the PINK beamline and the endstation. The design of the two von Hamos dispersive spectrometers and sample environment are discussed here in detail. To illustrate, XES spectra of phosphorus complexes, KCl, TiO2 and Co3O4 measured using the PINK setup are presented.","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524002510
Alessandro Martinelli, Jacopo Baglioni, P. Sun, Francesco Dallari, E. Pineda, Yajuan Duan, Tobias Spitzbart-Silberer, F. Westermeier, Michael Sprung, G. Monaco
Synchrotron-radiation-based techniques are a powerful tool for the investigation of materials. In particular, the availability of highly brilliant sources has opened the possibility to develop techniques sensitive to dynamics at the atomic scale such as X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). XPCS is particularly relevant in the study of glasses, which have been often investigated at the macroscopic scale by, for example, differential scanning calorimetry. Here, we show how to adapt a Flash calorimeter to combine XPCS and calorimetric scans. This setup paves the way to novel experiments requiring dynamical and thermodynamic information, ranging from the study of the crystallization kinetics to the study of the glass transition in systems that can be vitrified thanks to the high cooling rates reachable with an ultrafast calorimeter.
同步辐射技术是研究材料的有力工具。尤其是高亮度光源的出现，为开发对原子尺度动态敏感的技术提供了可能，如 X 射线光子相关光谱（XPCS）。XPCS 与玻璃研究尤为相关，而玻璃研究通常通过差示扫描量热法等方法进行宏观研究。在此，我们展示了如何调整闪存热量计，将 XPCS 和量热扫描结合起来。这种设置为需要动力学和热力学信息的新型实验铺平了道路，包括从结晶动力学研究到玻璃化体系的玻璃化转变研究。
{"title":"A new experimental setup for combined fast differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.","authors":"Alessandro Martinelli, Jacopo Baglioni, P. Sun, Francesco Dallari, E. Pineda, Yajuan Duan, Tobias Spitzbart-Silberer, F. Westermeier, Michael Sprung, G. Monaco","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524002510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524002510","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrotron-radiation-based techniques are a powerful tool for the investigation of materials. In particular, the availability of highly brilliant sources has opened the possibility to develop techniques sensitive to dynamics at the atomic scale such as X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). XPCS is particularly relevant in the study of glasses, which have been often investigated at the macroscopic scale by, for example, differential scanning calorimetry. Here, we show how to adapt a Flash calorimeter to combine XPCS and calorimetric scans. This setup paves the way to novel experiments requiring dynamical and thermodynamic information, ranging from the study of the crystallization kinetics to the study of the glass transition in systems that can be vitrified thanks to the high cooling rates reachable with an ultrafast calorimeter.","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524002637
Ding Zhang, Ze Yi Dai, Xue Ping Sun, Xue Ting Wu, Hui Li, Lin Tang, Jian Hua He
With the development of synchrotron radiation sources and high-frame-rate detectors, the amount of experimental data collected at synchrotron radiation beamlines has increased exponentially. As a result, data processing for synchrotron radiation experiments has entered the era of big data. It is becoming increasingly important for beamlines to have the capability to process large-scale data in parallel to keep up with the rapid growth of data. Currently, there is no set of data processing solutions based on the big data technology framework for beamlines. Apache Hadoop is a widely used distributed system architecture for solving the problem of massive data storage and computation. This paper presents a set of distributed data processing schemes for beamlines with experimental data using Hadoop. The Hadoop Distributed File System is utilized as the distributed file storage system, and Hadoop YARN serves as the resource scheduler for the distributed computing cluster. A distributed data processing pipeline that can carry out massively parallel computation is designed and developed using Hadoop Spark. The entire data processing platform adopts a distributed microservice architecture, which makes the system easy to expand, reduces module coupling and improves reliability.
{"title":"A distributed data processing scheme based on Hadoop for synchrotron radiation experiments.","authors":"Ding Zhang, Ze Yi Dai, Xue Ping Sun, Xue Ting Wu, Hui Li, Lin Tang, Jian Hua He","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524002637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524002637","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of synchrotron radiation sources and high-frame-rate detectors, the amount of experimental data collected at synchrotron radiation beamlines has increased exponentially. As a result, data processing for synchrotron radiation experiments has entered the era of big data. It is becoming increasingly important for beamlines to have the capability to process large-scale data in parallel to keep up with the rapid growth of data. Currently, there is no set of data processing solutions based on the big data technology framework for beamlines. Apache Hadoop is a widely used distributed system architecture for solving the problem of massive data storage and computation. This paper presents a set of distributed data processing schemes for beamlines with experimental data using Hadoop. The Hadoop Distributed File System is utilized as the distributed file storage system, and Hadoop YARN serves as the resource scheduler for the distributed computing cluster. A distributed data processing pipeline that can carry out massively parallel computation is designed and developed using Hadoop Spark. The entire data processing platform adopts a distributed microservice architecture, which makes the system easy to expand, reduces module coupling and improves reliability.","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524002534
J. B. Knappett, Blair Haydon, Bruce C. C. Cowie, C. Kewish, Grant A van Riessen
Synchrotron light sources can provide the required spatial coherence, stability and control to support the development of advanced lithography at the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths that are relevant to current and future fabricating technologies. Here an evaluation of the optical performance of the soft X-ray (SXR) beamline of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and its suitability for developing interference lithography using radiation in the 91.8 eV (13.5 nm) to 300 eV (4.13 nm) range are presented. A comprehensive physical optics model of the APPLE-II undulator source and SXR beamline was constructed to simulate the properties of the illumination at the proposed location of a photomask, as a function of photon energy, collimation and monochromator parameters. The model is validated using a combination of experimental measurements of the photon intensity distribution of the undulator harmonics. It is shown that the undulator harmonics intensity ratio can be accurately measured using an imaging detector and controlled using beamline optics. Finally, the photomask geometric constraints and achievable performance for the limiting case of fully spatially coherent illumination are evaluated.
同步辐射光源可以提供所需的空间相干性、稳定性和控制性，以支持开发与当前和未来制造技术相关的极紫外和软 X 射线波长的先进光刻技术。本文介绍了澳大利亚同步加速器（AS）软 X 射线（SXR）光束线的光学性能评估，以及该光束线在 91.8 eV (13.5 nm) 至 300 eV (4.13 nm) 辐射范围内开发干涉光刻技术的适用性。建立了一个 APPLE-II undulator 源和 SXR 光束线的综合物理光学模型，以模拟光掩膜拟议位置的照明特性，该特性是光子能量、准直和单色器参数的函数。结合对谐波光子强度分布的实验测量结果，对模型进行了验证。结果表明，可以使用成像探测器精确测量起伏谐波强度比，并使用光束线光学技术进行控制。最后，还评估了光掩膜的几何限制以及在完全空间相干照明的极限情况下可实现的性能。
{"title":"Evaluation of the X-ray/EUV Nanolithography Facility at AS through wavefront propagation simulations.","authors":"J. B. Knappett, Blair Haydon, Bruce C. C. Cowie, C. Kewish, Grant A van Riessen","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524002534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524002534","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrotron light sources can provide the required spatial coherence, stability and control to support the development of advanced lithography at the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths that are relevant to current and future fabricating technologies. Here an evaluation of the optical performance of the soft X-ray (SXR) beamline of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and its suitability for developing interference lithography using radiation in the 91.8 eV (13.5 nm) to 300 eV (4.13 nm) range are presented. A comprehensive physical optics model of the APPLE-II undulator source and SXR beamline was constructed to simulate the properties of the illumination at the proposed location of a photomask, as a function of photon energy, collimation and monochromator parameters. The model is validated using a combination of experimental measurements of the photon intensity distribution of the undulator harmonics. It is shown that the undulator harmonics intensity ratio can be accurately measured using an imaging detector and controlled using beamline optics. Finally, the photomask geometric constraints and achievable performance for the limiting case of fully spatially coherent illumination are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524002364
Thiago M Santos, Sérgio Lordano, Rafael A Mayer, Lucas Volpe, Gustavo M Rodrigues, Bernd Meyer, Harry Westfahl, R. Freitas
Fourth-generation synchrotron storage rings represent a significant milestone in synchrotron technology, offering outstandingly bright and tightly focused X-ray beams for a wide range of scientific applications. However, due to their inherently tight magnetic lattices, these storage rings have posed critical challenges for accessing lower-energy radiation, such as infrared (IR) and THz. Here the first-ever IR beamline to be installed and to operate at a fourth-generation synchrotron storage ring is introduced. This work encompasses several notable advancements, including a thorough examination of the new IR source at Sirius, a detailed description of the radiation extraction scheme, and the successful validation of our optical concept through both measurements and simulations. This optimal optical setup has enabled us to achieve an exceptionally wide frequency range for our nanospectroscopy experiments. Through the utilization of synchrotron IR nanospectroscopy on biological and hard matter samples, the practicality and effectiveness of this beamline has been successfully demonstrated. The advantages of fourth-generation synchrotron IR sources, which can now operate with unparalleled stability as a result of the stringent requirements for producing low-emittance X-rays, are emphasized.
第四代同步加速器存储环是同步加速器技术的一个重要里程碑，可为广泛的科学应用提供明亮而聚焦紧密的 X 射线束。然而，由于其固有的紧密磁晶格，这些存储环在获取红外（IR）和太赫兹等低能量辐射方面面临严峻挑战。这里介绍的是有史以来第一条在第四代同步辐射储存环上安装和运行的红外光束线。这项工作包含几项显著的进展，包括对天狼星新红外源的全面检查、对辐射提取方案的详细描述，以及通过测量和模拟对我们的光学概念的成功验证。这种最佳的光学设置使我们能够为纳米光谱学实验实现极宽的频率范围。通过在生物和硬物质样品上使用同步辐射红外纳米光谱，我们成功地证明了该光束线的实用性和有效性。由于对产生低幅射 X 射线有严格要求，第四代同步辐射红外源现在可以以无与伦比的稳定性运行，其优势得到了强调。
{"title":"Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy in fourth-generation storage rings.","authors":"Thiago M Santos, Sérgio Lordano, Rafael A Mayer, Lucas Volpe, Gustavo M Rodrigues, Bernd Meyer, Harry Westfahl, R. Freitas","doi":"10.1107/S1600577524002364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524002364","url":null,"abstract":"Fourth-generation synchrotron storage rings represent a significant milestone in synchrotron technology, offering outstandingly bright and tightly focused X-ray beams for a wide range of scientific applications. However, due to their inherently tight magnetic lattices, these storage rings have posed critical challenges for accessing lower-energy radiation, such as infrared (IR) and THz. Here the first-ever IR beamline to be installed and to operate at a fourth-generation synchrotron storage ring is introduced. This work encompasses several notable advancements, including a thorough examination of the new IR source at Sirius, a detailed description of the radiation extraction scheme, and the successful validation of our optical concept through both measurements and simulations. This optimal optical setup has enabled us to achieve an exceptionally wide frequency range for our nanospectroscopy experiments. Through the utilization of synchrotron IR nanospectroscopy on biological and hard matter samples, the practicality and effectiveness of this beamline has been successfully demonstrated. The advantages of fourth-generation synchrotron IR sources, which can now operate with unparalleled stability as a result of the stringent requirements for producing low-emittance X-rays, are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524002406
Hagiwara, K., Nakamura, E., Makita, S., Suga, S., Tanaka, S.-, Kera, S., Matsui, F.
{"title":"Development of dual-beamline photoelectron momentum microscopy for valence orbital analysis","authors":"Hagiwara, K., Nakamura, E., Makita, S., Suga, S., Tanaka, S.-, Kera, S., Matsui, F.","doi":"10.1107/s1600577524002406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600577524002406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524001875
De Angelis, D., Longetti, L., Bonano, G., Pelli Cresi, J.S., Foglia, L., Pancaldi, M., Capotondi, F., Pedersoli, E., Bencivenga, F., Krstulovic, M., Menk, R.H., D'Addato, S., Orlando, S., de Simone, M., Ingle, R.A., Bleiner, D., Coreno, M., Principi, E., Chergui, M., Masciovecchio, C., Mincigrucci, R.
{"title":"A sub-100 nm thickness flat jet for extreme ultraviolet to soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy","authors":"De Angelis, D., Longetti, L., Bonano, G., Pelli Cresi, J.S., Foglia, L., Pancaldi, M., Capotondi, F., Pedersoli, E., Bencivenga, F., Krstulovic, M., Menk, R.H., D'Addato, S., Orlando, S., de Simone, M., Ingle, R.A., Bleiner, D., Coreno, M., Principi, E., Chergui, M., Masciovecchio, C., Mincigrucci, R.","doi":"10.1107/s1600577524001875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600577524001875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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