Journal of Soils and Sediments最新文献_第4页

Prediction of soil moisture content using genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation algorithm from spectral data 利用遗传算法优化的反向传播算法从光谱数据中预测土壤含水量

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03868-w

Jiawei Wang, Dong Zhang, Yulu Zhang, Hu Liu, Linkang Zhou, Hua Jin

Purpose

Accurately assessing soil moisture content (SMC) is essential for applications in agriculture and ecological sustainability. However, the dynamic monitoring and assessment of SMC presents considerable challenges due to the intricate traditional methods and the ever-evolving environmental variables. Relevant research has indicated that visible and near-infrared (vis–NIR) spectra are a practical and cost-effective alternative for accurate and convenient estimation of SMC. Advances in technology and computer hardware have enabled spectral characteristics and computer vision algorithms to show enormous potential for rapid and non-destructive characterization of soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predicted ability of SMC using vis–NIR spectral data.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 topsoil samples (0–5 cm) from the maize test field at the Shanxi Central Irrigation Test station were used as the study object. A set of four spectral parameters was derived and filtered from spectral data, and C-W and W-W models were developed using Genetic Algorithm algorithm-optimized backpropagation (GA-BP) neural networks to predict SMC based on outdoor measurements.

Results and discussion

The results showed that: (1) SMC can be successfully predicted using the spectral data through the C-W and W-W models; (2) the C-W model outperformed the W-W model, particularly in the context of deep soil, with R² ranging from 0.919 to 0.991 and corresponding RMSE values from 0.619% to 0.982%.

Conclusions

This study introduces two effective methodologies for accurate estimation of SMC at different depths using multispectral remote sensing, which showed a high degree of prediction accuracy. It further proves that GA-BP algorithm is still effective for predicting SMC in outdoor. The research result might be helpful for the further study of SMC measurement.

目的准确评估土壤含水量（SMC）对于农业应用和生态可持续性至关重要。然而，由于传统方法的复杂性和环境变量的不断变化，土壤含水量的动态监测和评估面临着相当大的挑战。相关研究表明，可见光和近红外（vis-NIR）光谱是准确、方便地估算 SMC 的一种实用且具有成本效益的替代方法。技术和计算机硬件的进步使得光谱特性和计算机视觉算法在快速、无损地表征土壤特性方面显示出巨大的潜力。本研究的目的是利用可见近红外光谱数据评估 SMC 的预测能力。利用遗传算法-优化反向传播（GA-BP）神经网络建立 C-W 和 W-W 模型，根据室外测量结果预测 SMC：(1) 通过 C-W 和 W-W 模型，可以利用光谱数据成功预测 SMC；(2) C-W 模型的性能优于 W-W 模型，尤其是在深层土壤方面，R2 为 0.919 至 0.991，相应的 RMSE 值为 0.619% 至 0.982%。它进一步证明了 GA-BP 算法在预测室外 SMC 方面仍然有效。该研究成果可能有助于对 SMC 测量的进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Variations in iron-bound organic carbon in soils along an altitude gradient and influencing factors in a subtropical mountain ecosystem of southern China 中国南方亚热带山地生态系统土壤中铁结合有机碳沿海拔梯度的变化及其影响因素

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03873-z

Kai Xiong, Xinyu Jiang, Shaoqiang Huang, Jinshun Guan, Xiangbo Zou, Chuangting Chen, Tiancheng Zhou, Cao Kuang, Ji Ye, Shiqin Yu, Heng Jiang, Bin Huang

Purpose

The main factors governing iron-bound organic carbon (Fe-bound OC) formation under different environmental conditions have been less well identified. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Fe-bound OC and the influencing factors in soils of a typical subtropical mountain ecosystem.

Materials and methods

Soil samples at different altitudes (402–1653 m) and depths (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm) in the Nanling Mountains of southern China were collected. The influence of soil property indicators and microbial diversity characteristics on the formation of Fe-bound OC was explored.

Results

The Fe-bound OC content in the soils ranged from 1.40 ± 1.32 g/kg to 15.09 ± 3.57 g/kg, accounting for an average of 23.49 ± 13.03% of the total organic carbon (TOC), and generally increased with altitude and exhibited significantly higher values at the soil depth of 0–20 cm, while its proportion to TOC (f_Fe-OC) gradually increased as soil depth increased. The more significant indicators in explaining the variation of Fe-bound OC include TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), free iron oxides (Fe_d), amorphous iron oxides (Fe_o), complexed iron oxides (Fe_p), Fe_o/Fe_d, pH, Ca, sand and silt. Fe_o/Fe_d was strongly linearly correlated with Fe-bound OC, thus can be a good predictor of Fe-bound OC content. RDA analysis showed that Fe-bound OC/f_Fe-OC had a relatively closer correlation with bacterial phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes.

Conclusions

The attitude gradient and soil depth significantly influence the content of Fe-bound OC. The distribution of Fe-bound OC exhibited a certain correlation with both biotic and abiotic factors.

目的在不同环境条件下，影响铁结合有机碳（Fe-bound OC）形成的主要因素尚不十分明确。材料与方法在中国南方南岭山区采集了不同海拔（402-1653 m）、不同深度（0-20 cm、20-40 cm、40-60 cm）的土壤样品。结果土壤中铁结合有机碳的含量从1.40±1.32 g/kg到15.09±3.57 g/kg不等，平均占总有机碳（TOC）的23.49±13.03%，且随海拔的升高而升高，在0-20 cm深度的土壤中铁结合有机碳的含量显著升高，其占TOC的比例（fFe-OC）随土壤深度的增加而逐渐升高。解释铁结合有机碳变化的重要指标包括 TOC、颗粒有机碳 (POC)、游离铁氧化物 (Fed)、无定形铁氧化物 (Feo)、络合铁氧化物 (Fep)、Feo/Fed、pH 值、Ca、砂和淤泥。Feo/Fed 与铁结合 OC 呈强线性相关，因此可以很好地预测铁结合 OC 的含量。RDA 分析表明，Fe-bound OC/Fe-OC 与细菌门（包括变形菌、放线菌、绿霉菌和腐生菌）的相关性较近。结合铁的有机碳的分布与生物和非生物因素有一定的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

The occurrence of selected organic pollutants in the soils of the Songnen Plain, China 中国松嫩平原土壤中部分有机污染物的出现

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03876-w

Yanan Chen, Yichen Zhang, Jiquan Zhang, Chenyang Wu, Lili, Qiuling Lang, Huanan Liu

Purpose

To protect and improve the soil environment of the Songnen Plain, detailed identification of organic pollutant contamination features in the soil and the degree of contamination is required. The primary goals of this research are to measure the levels of organic pollutants detected in the soil of the Songnen Plain, to correlate the levels of organic pollutants with different land use practices, and to assess the environmental quality of the soil using various pollution indicators.

Material and methods

Contaminated soil was collected at three types of areas: residential (n = 26), agricultural (n = 22), and industrial (n = 12) in the Songnen Plain of Jilin Province, at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. The concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, benzene hexachloride, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, hexachlorobenzene, and atrazine in the soil samples were determined using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-mass spectrometer (GC-MS-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results and discussion

Soil BaP had the highest concentration with a mean value of 20.59 ng/kg, followed by atrazine, hexachlorobenzene, benzene hexachloride, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), trichloromethane, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and tetrachloromethane with mean concentrations of 0.46, 0.44, 0.34, 0.28, 0.21, 0.14, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.02 ng/kg, respectively. Soil organic pollutants at all sampling sites did not exceed the secondary environmental quality standard values. The most serious soil contamination was found in landfill sites, followed by urban areas, industrial areas and farmland areas.

Conclusions

Soil contamination is more severe in locations where human activity is more prevalent. The subsoil can better reflect the characteristics of soil pollution in the area compared to the upper layer of soil. Although contamination is low in the research region, the presence of these pollutants must be taken seriously in order to maintain the quality and safety of agricultural products and human health.

目的为了保护和改善松嫩平原的土壤环境，需要详细查明土壤中有机污染物的污染特征和污染程度。本研究的主要目标是测定松嫩平原土壤中有机污染物的含量，将有机污染物的含量与不同的土地利用方式相关联，并利用各种污染指标评估土壤的环境质量。采用气相色谱法（GC）、气相色谱-质谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS-MS）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了土壤样品中二氯二苯三氯乙烷、六氯化苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯并（a）芘（BaP）、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、六氯苯和阿特拉津的浓度。结果与讨论土壤中的苯并[a]芘浓度最高，平均值为 20.59 纳克/千克，其次是阿特拉津、六氯苯、六氯化苯、二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）、三氯甲烷、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和四氯甲烷，平均浓度分别为 0.46、0.44、0.34、0.28、0.21、0.14、0.06、0.03 和 0.02 纳克/千克。所有采样点的土壤有机污染物均未超过二级环境质量标准值。垃圾填埋场的土壤污染最为严重，其次是城市地区、工业区和农田地区。与上层土壤相比，底层土壤更能反映该地区的土壤污染特征。虽然研究区域的污染程度较低，但必须重视这些污染物的存在，以维护农产品的质量安全和人类健康。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of hazardous element accumulation in urban soils of Cracow, Lublin and Torun (Poland): pollution and ecological risk indices 克拉科夫、卢布林和托伦（波兰）城市土壤中有害元素积累的评估：污染和生态风险指数

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03864-0

Andrzej Plak, Małgorzata Telecka, Przemysław Charzyński, Agnieszka Hanaka

Purpose

This study assesses how urban soil transformation affects pollution levels and ecological risks in Cracow, Lublin, and Torun using specific geochemical indices.

Methods

The surveyed cities, namely Cracow, Lublin and Torun, are among the oldest in Poland, with origins dating back to the Middle Ages. Moreover, they did not experience significant destruction during World War II. A total of 135 sampling points were selected from three cities, and topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from various areas, including industrial, residential, recreational areas, wastelands, traffic routes, allotments, cultivated fields, forests and cemeteries (45 topsoil samples in each city). The concentration of 8 elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) was measured to determine pollution and ecological risk indicators, such as geoaccumulation index (I_geo), pollution load index (PLI), cancer risk (CR), and ecological risk assessment (ERi).

Results

Findings reveal significant differences among the cities, with Cracow showing the highest pollution and ecological risk levels, influenced primarily by industrial activities. I_geo above 3 was found for Sb (4% of the sample population), Cr (33%), Ni (31%), Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn (11%). In the other two cities, high I_geo values occurred sporadically with most values ranging from 0 to 2. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Cr and Ni were found to be highest in industrial areas, transportation areas and urban wastelands, and the lowest in the study plots located in forests. In Cracow, almost 58% of the surveyed areas are polluted. Almost the entire area of Torun (87%) shows high values of summed ecological risk assessment (PER_k). Lublin is characterized by the lowest ecological risk, almost 32% of the surveyed areas are polluted (PER_k—high and very high).

Conclusions

The application of pollution and ecological risk indicators allowed for the identification of elevated heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in the studied soils and evaluation of disease risk in people. The data were strongly correlated with the level of anthropogenic pressure, which varied depending on the different land use.

目的本研究使用特定的地球化学指数，评估城市土壤的变化如何影响克拉科夫、卢布林和托伦的污染水平和生态风险。方法被调查的城市，即克拉科夫、卢布林和托伦，是波兰最古老的城市之一，其起源可追溯到中世纪。此外，它们在第二次世界大战期间也没有遭受严重破坏。三个城市共选取了 135 个采样点，并从不同区域采集了表土样本（0-20 厘米），包括工业区、住宅区、娱乐区、荒地、交通线路、分配区、耕地、森林和墓地（每个城市采集 45 个表土样本）。测量了 8 种元素（砷、镉、铜、铬、镍、铅、锑、锌）的浓度，以确定污染和生态风险指标，如地质累积指数 (Igeo)、污染负荷指数 (PLI)、癌症风险 (CR) 和生态风险评估 (ERi)。锑（占样本人口的 4%）、铬（33%）、镍（31%）、镉、铅、铜、锌（11%）的 Igeo 超过 3。镉、铅、锑、铬和镍的浓度在工业区、交通区和城市荒地中最高，而在位于森林中的研究地块中最低。在克拉科夫，近 58% 的调查区域受到污染。托伦几乎整个地区（87%）的生态风险评估总和 (PERk) 值都很高。卢布林的生态风险最低，近 32% 的调查区域受到污染（PERk 高和非常高）。这些数据与人为压力水平密切相关，而人为压力水平因不同的土地用途而异。

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引用次数: 0

Soil nutrients, phosphatase activities and phosphorus species distribution in soils amended sheep manure biochar 羊粪生物炭改良土壤中的土壤养分、磷酸酶活性和磷的种类分布

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03869-9

Seyed Hamid Hosseini, Xinqiang Liang, Christophe Niyungeko, Seyedeh Fatemeh Zakeritabar

Purpose

Sheep manure-derived biochar (SMB) is applied to enhance soil productivity, but its impacts on soil phosphorus (P) species distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. This research aimed to explore the effects of SMB amended soil on phosphatase activities, nutrients, P species distribution, and the underlying mechanisms in agricultural soil.

Materials and methods

The soils (collected from rice and tea cultivation) were incubated for a period of 92 days receiving different rates of biochars 0% (CK), 2% (T₁) and 4% (T₂) respectively. The SMB was manufactured at 500°C, and P species were tested via ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP) activities, CEC, NH₄⁺–N, pH, NO₃^‾–N, Olsen‒ P and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) were determined.

Results and discussion

The findings suggested that the SMB addition enhanced the pH, NO₃^‾–N, Olsen‒ P, CEC, NH₄⁺–N contents in both paddy and tea soils. Furthermore, compared with CK (control), application of SMB at T₂ reduced the ACP activities by 85.9 and 74.8%, but promoted the ALP activities by 89.1 and 70.6% for paddy and tea soils, respectively. The findings showed that major forms of P were orthophosphate and orthophosphate monoesters.

Conclusions

The SMB application increased soil inorganic P, P availability and ALP activities as a result of increasing of P availability by decomposition of organic P. Our research showed that the SMB application is an alternative nutrient for plants instead of chemical fertilizers. Nevertheless, care should be taken with the long-term SMB application, consequently excessive nutrient utilization has the potential to induce eutrophication in aquatic environments.

目的应用羊粪衍生生物炭（SMB）可提高土壤生产力，但其对土壤磷（P）种类分布的影响尚未得到深入研究。本研究旨在探讨 SMB 改良土壤对农用土壤中磷酸酶活性、养分、磷种类分布的影响及其内在机制。在 500°C 的温度下制造 SMB，并通过 31P NMR 光谱检测 P 的种类。结果与讨论结果表明，添加 SMB 后，水稻土和茶叶土中的 pH 值、NO3-‾-N、Olsen- P、CEC、NH4+-N 含量均有所提高。此外，与 CK（对照）相比，在 T2 施用 SMB 会使水稻土和茶叶土的 ACP 活性分别降低 85.9% 和 74.8%，但会使 ALP 活性分别提高 89.1% 和 70.6%。我们的研究表明，施用 SMB 是替代化肥的一种植物养分。不过，长期施用 SMB 应谨慎小心，因为养分的过度利用有可能导致水生环境富营养化。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural Analysis on Shear Behavior of New-fill and Silt Interface in Check Dam 拦河坝新填土与淤泥界面剪切行为的微结构分析

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03856-0

Ya Wang, Hongyu Wang, Liping Guo

Purpose

The interface between newly-filled soil and silted soil in a check dam is commonly acknowledged as the most vulnerable plane in the upstream heightening technique, posing a significant threat to dam stability. The objective was to investigate the microscopic shear failure mechanism in " soft–soft (or soil-soil) " interlayers under different working conditions, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for dam hazard mitigation and reinforcement.

Materials and methods

Direct shear tests were initially conducted on the interface between new-fill and silt soils, considering different water contents and compactness coefficients in the silt soil. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and Image J software were employed to extract microscopic parameters from the sheared samples. By integrating macroscopic failure patterns with microscopic parameters, a qualitative analysis was established to investigate how water content and compaction degree influence the shear properties and deformations, ultimately revealing the failure mechanism of interface shearing.

Results and discussion

A typical triple-stage (fluctuation, climbing, stable) hardening phenomenon occurred in the stress-displacement curve during direct shear test. The shear strength showed a positive correlation with compaction coefficient but an inverse relationship with water content. Cohesion of the contact surface increased initially and decreased as water content raised, whereas it changed slightly with the increase of compaction. The internal friction angle increased with the development of compactness degree but decreased with increasing water content. SEM images illustrated a progressive morphology transformation in the contact surface, from granular to laminar to an aggregated pattern. Microscopic parameters such as pore morphology properties, pore size distribution as well as pore spatial distributions were directly bonded with macro properties.

Conclusions

The compaction of silt plays a crucial role in adhesive force and structure of particles at soil-soil interface, thereby leading to the occurrence of "optimal bonding" and the variation of shear strength. The shear failure of contact surface is characterized by progressive failure. Besides, the water content and compaction degree of soft soil has a significant influence on the progressive failure.

目的拦河坝新填土与淤积土之间的界面被公认为是上游加高技术中最脆弱的平面，对大坝稳定性构成重大威胁。本研究旨在研究不同工况下 "软-软（或土-土）"夹层的微观剪切破坏机理，从而为大坝减险加固奠定理论基础。随后，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术和 Image J 软件提取剪切样品的微观参数。结果与讨论在直接剪切试验中，应力-位移曲线出现了典型的三阶段（波动、爬升、稳定）硬化现象。剪切强度与压实系数呈正相关，但与含水量呈反比。接触面的内聚力最初增大，随着含水量的增加而减小，而随着压实度的增加，内聚力略有变化。内摩擦角随着压实度的增加而增大，但随着含水量的增加而减小。扫描电子显微镜图像显示了接触面的渐进形态变化，从颗粒状到层状再到聚集形态。淤泥的压实度对土土界面颗粒的粘附力和结构起着至关重要的作用，从而导致 "最佳粘结 "的发生和剪切强度的变化。接触面的剪切破坏具有渐进破坏的特点。此外，软土的含水量和压实度对渐进破坏也有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

The occurrence of selected organic pollutants in the soils of the Songnen Plain, China 中国松嫩平原土壤中部分有机污染物的出现

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03862-2

Yanan Chen, Yichen Zhang, Jiquan Zhang, Chenyang Wu, Li Li, Qiuling Lang, Huanan Liu

Purpose

To protect and improve the soil environment of the Songnen Plain, detailed identification of organic pollutant contamination features in the soil and the degree of contamination is required. The primary goals of this research are to measure the levels of organic pollutants detected in the soil of the Songnen Plain, to correlate the levels of organic pollutants with different land use practices, and to assess the environmental quality of the soil using various pollution indicators.

Material and methods

Contaminated soil was collected in three types of areas: residential (n = 26), agricultural (n = 22), and industrial (n = 12) in the Songnen Plain of Jilin Province, at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. The concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, benzene hexachloride, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, hexachlorobenzene, and atrazine in the soil samples were determined using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-mass spectrometer (GC-MS-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results and discussion

Soil BaP had the highest concentration with a mean value of 20.59 ng/kg, followed by atrazine, hexachlorobenzene, benzene hexachloride, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), trichloromethane, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and tetrachloromethane with mean concentrations of 0.46, 0.44, 0.34, 0.28, 0.21, 0.14, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.02 ng/kg, respectively. Soil organic pollutants at all sampling sites did not exceed the secondary environmental quality standard values. The most serious soil contamination was found in landfill sites, followed by urban areas, industrial areas, and farmland areas.

Conclusions

Soil contamination is more severe in locations where human activity is more prevalent. The subsoil can better reflect the characteristics of soil pollution in the area compared to the upper layer of soil. Although contamination is low in the research region, the presence of these pollutants must be taken seriously in order to maintain the quality and safety of agricultural products and human health.

目的为了保护和改善松嫩平原的土壤环境，需要详细查明土壤中有机污染物的污染特征和污染程度。本研究的主要目标是测定松嫩平原土壤中有机污染物的含量，将有机污染物的含量与不同的土地利用方式相关联，并利用各种污染指标评估土壤的环境质量。采用气相色谱法（GC）、气相色谱-质谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS-MS）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了土壤样品中二氯二苯三氯乙烷、六氯化苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯并（a）芘（BaP）、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、六氯苯和阿特拉津的浓度。结果与讨论土壤中的苯并[a]芘浓度最高，平均值为 20.59 纳克/千克，其次是阿特拉津、六氯苯、六氯化苯、二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）、三氯甲烷、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和四氯甲烷，平均浓度分别为 0.46、0.44、0.34、0.28、0.21、0.14、0.06、0.03 和 0.02 纳克/千克。所有采样点的土壤有机污染物均未超过二级环境质量标准值。垃圾填埋场的土壤污染最为严重，其次是城市地区、工业区和农田地区。与上层土壤相比，底层土壤更能反映该地区的土壤污染特征。虽然研究地区的污染程度较低，但为了维护农产品的质量安全和人类健康，必须重视这些污染物的存在。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the soil utilization potential of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings based on a chemical, biological, and mineralogical characterization 根据化学、生物和矿物学特征评估钒钛磁铁矿尾矿的土壤利用潜力

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03858-y

Yun Zhang, Wei Zeng, Zhongqing Wan, Xiao Wang, Xiaoyu Luo, Senlin Tian, Jian-hong Huang, Xuewei Hu

Purpose

Vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings are bulk industrial solid wastes and can be found in the Panxi Region of Sichuan province. The utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings as soil represents a viable strategy for achieving extensive depletion, while simultaneously fostering ecological revitalization. In order to effectively reuse the stockpiled Vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess their physicochemical attributes, microbial community composition, and mineralogical makeup.

Methods

The morphologies of six heavy metals, V, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Fe, extracted from different depths of the tailings soil were extracted and analyzed using the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The physicochemical indexes—such as water content, pH, available sulfur, and available potassium, of the tailings soil were analyzed. The microbial community structure was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and the mineral composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results and discussion

The concentrations of Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd in the vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings are all within the controllable range. The content of available phosphorus was graded as level 1 (> 40 mg/kg), the content of cation exchange capacity (CEC) was graded as level 1 (> 20 cmol ( +)/kg), and the content of available sulfur was 6.91 times higher than the average value (34.3 mg/kg) of available sulfur of the 10 southern provinces of China. At the T3-D3 sample sites, the Geothermobacter genus prevailed, while Thiobacillus reigned supreme at the remaining sampling locations. The microbial populations in the tailings were primarily influenced by sulfur and iron metabolism. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that pyroxene, mica, cordierite, and kaolinite were the primary minerals in the tailings.

Conclusion

There is a low risk of soil contamination from the utilization of vanadium and titanium magnetite tailings as an ecological reclamation substrate. Organic matter and nitrogen being the limiting indicators of soil utilization. The abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota can be appropriately intensified during soil utilization to enhance the soil nitrogen and carbon cycling performance. The chemical weathering dominated the tailings, and its maturation could be accelerated by strengthening the chemical weathering pathway of tailings.

目的钒钛磁铁矿尾矿是大宗工业固体废弃物，在四川省攀西地区随处可见。将钒钛磁铁矿尾矿作为土壤加以利用，是实现大面积贫化，同时促进生态振兴的可行策略。为了有效地再利用堆存的钒钛磁铁矿尾矿，对其理化属性、微生物群落组成和矿物组成进行了综合分析评估。方法采用改进的欧洲共同体基准局（BCR）顺序萃取程序，从不同深度的尾矿土壤中提取并分析了 V、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni 和 Fe 六种重金属的形态。还分析了尾矿土壤的理化指标，如含水量、pH 值、可利用硫和可利用钾。结果与讨论钒钛磁铁矿尾矿中镍、铜、铬和镉的浓度均在可控范围内。钒钛磁铁矿尾矿中镍、铜、铬、镉的含量均在可控范围内，可利用磷含量为 1 级（40 mg/kg），阳离子交换容量为 1 级（20 cmol ( +)/kg ），可利用硫含量是南方十省可利用硫平均值（34.3 mg/kg）的 6.91 倍。在 T3-D3 采样点，地热菌属占优势，而在其余采样点，硫杆菌属占优势。尾矿中的微生物种群主要受硫和铁代谢的影响。X 射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，辉石、云母、堇青石和高岭石是尾矿中的主要矿物。有机质和氮是土壤利用的限制性指标。在土壤利用过程中，可适当增加放线菌和类杆菌的数量，以提高土壤的氮和碳循环性能。尾矿以化学风化为主，可通过强化尾矿的化学风化途径加速其熟化。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change research in dry environments of South America: evolution, current state, and future directions 南美洲干旱环境中的气候变化研究：演变、现状和未来方向

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03855-1

José de Souza Oliveira Filho

Purpose

Drylands occupy 41% of the Earth's surface and 31% of South America. In these environments, anthropogenic climate changes may contribute to the intensification of droughts and increase the susceptibility of lands to desertification. In this study, the evolution, current topics, and the research trends in climate change in four dry environments in South America (Caatinga, Patagonia, Gran Chaco, and the Atacama Desert) were analyzed.

Methods

The database was obtained from the Core Collection of Web of Science. A total of 1,386 scientific papers (1993–2022) were analyzed.

Results

Patagonia accounted for 37.4% of research on climate change in the four studied environments, while the Gran Chaco accounted for only 6.9%. Overall, the research trends indicate the need for the understanding in the increasing severity of drought in the Caatinga and the intensification of fire frequency in the Gran Chaco on soil properties, animals, and plants. The implementation of more sustainable animal production systems, aiming at soil conservation and reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions should be a priority in Patagonia. In Atacama Desert, the relationship between climate change and soil microbiome, as well as plant-microorganism interactions under hyper-arid conditions, represent important research trends in this ecosystem. Across all biomes, quantification of GHG emissions, the development of strategies to promote C sequestration by biomass and in soils and studies to understand the effects of climate change on people's lives have been scarce and urgently need implementation.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need to implement public policies aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change in the dry climate environments of South America with emphasis on the Gran Chaco, where climate-environmental research is limited, and ecosystem degradation is pronounced.

目的旱地占地球表面的 41% 和南美洲的 31%。在这些环境中，人为气候变化可能导致干旱加剧，并增加土地荒漠化的可能性。本研究分析了南美洲四种干旱环境（卡廷加、巴塔哥尼亚、大查科和阿塔卡马沙漠）气候变化的演变、当前主题和研究趋势。结果在所研究的四个环境中，巴塔哥尼亚占气候变化研究的 37.4%，而大查科仅占 6.9%。总体而言，研究趋势表明，有必要了解卡廷加地区日益严重的干旱和大查科地区日益频繁的火灾对土壤特性、动物和植物的影响。巴塔哥尼亚应优先考虑实施更可持续的动物生产系统，以保护土壤和减少温室气体（GHG）排放。在阿塔卡马沙漠，气候变化与土壤微生物群之间的关系，以及超干旱条件下植物与微生物之间的相互作用，是该生态系统的重要研究趋势。在所有生物群落中，温室气体排放量的量化、促进生物质和土壤固碳战略的制定以及了解气候变化对人类生活影响的研究都十分匮乏，亟待实施。结论：在南美洲干旱气候环境中，迫切需要实施旨在减缓和适应气候变化的公共政策，重点是气候环境研究有限、生态系统退化明显的大查科地区。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating erosion risk models in a Scottish catchment using organic carbon fingerprinting 利用有机碳指纹图谱评估苏格兰集水区的侵蚀风险模型

IF 3.6 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03850-6

C. Wiltshire, J. Meersmans, T. W. Waine, R. C. Grabowski, B. Thornton, S. Addy, M. Glendell

Purpose

Identification of hotspots of accelerated erosion of soil and organic carbon (OC) is critical to the targeting of soil conservation and sediment management measures. The erosion risk map (ERM) developed by Lilly and Baggaley (Soil erosion risk map of Scotland, 2018) for Scotland estimates erosion risk for the specific soil conditions in the region. However, the ERM provides no soil erosion rates. Erosion rates can be estimated by empirical models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Yet, RUSLE was not developed specifically for the soil conditions in Scotland. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of these two erosion models to determine whether RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from high-risk areas identified in the ERM.

Methods

The study was conducted in the catchment of Loch Davan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Organic carbon loss models were constructed to compare land use specific OC yields based on RUSLE and ERM using OC fingerprinting as a benchmark. The estimated soil erosion rates in this study were also compared with recently published estimates in Scotland (Rickson et al. in Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019).

Results

The region-specific ERM most closely approximated the relative land use OC yields in streambed sediment however, the results of RUSLE were very similar, suggesting that, in this catchment, RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from the high-risk areas identified by ERM. The RUSLE estimates of soil erosion for this catchment were comparable to the soil erosion rates per land use estimated by Rickson et al. (Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019) in Scottish soils except in the case of pasture/grassland likely due to the pastures in this catchment being grass ley where periods of surface vegetation cover/root network absence are likely to have generated higher rates of erosion.

Conclusion

Selection of suitable erosion risk models can be improved by the combined use of two sediment origin techniques—erosion risk modelling and OC sediment fingerprinting. These methods could, ultimately, support the development of targeted sediment management strategies to maintain healthy soils within the EU and beyond.

目的确定土壤和有机碳（OC）加速侵蚀的热点地区对于有针对性地采取土壤保持和沉积物管理措施至关重要。Lilly 和 Baggaley 为苏格兰开发的侵蚀风险地图（ERM）（苏格兰土壤侵蚀风险地图，2018 年）估计了该地区特定土壤条件下的侵蚀风险。但是，ERM 没有提供土壤侵蚀率。侵蚀率可通过经验模型估算，如修订的通用土壤流失方程 (RUSLE)。然而，RUSLE 并非专门针对苏格兰的土壤条件而开发。因此，我们对这两种侵蚀模型的性能进行了评估，以确定 RUSLE 侵蚀率估算值是否可用于量化 ERM 中确定的高风险地区的土壤侵蚀量。以有机碳指纹图谱为基准，构建了有机碳损失模型，以比较基于 RUSLE 和 ERM 的特定土地利用的有机碳产量。本研究中估算的土壤侵蚀率还与苏格兰最近公布的估算值进行了比较（Rickson 等人，《开发苏格兰高风险集水区土壤侵蚀成本估算方法》，2019 年）。结果特定区域 ERM 最接近河床沉积物中相对土地利用的有机碳产量，但 RUSLE 的结果非常相似，这表明在该集水区，RUSLE 侵蚀率估算值可用于量化 ERM 确定的高风险区域的土壤侵蚀量。该流域的 RUSLE 土壤侵蚀估算值与 Rickson 等人（《开发苏格兰高风险流域土壤侵蚀成本估算方法》，2019 年）在苏格兰土壤中估算的每种土地用途的土壤侵蚀率相当，但牧场/草地除外，这可能是由于该流域的牧场为草莱，在草莱地表植被覆盖/根网缺失期间可能会产生较高的土壤侵蚀率。结论综合使用两种沉积物来源技术--侵蚀风险建模和 OC 沉积物指纹识别，可以改进合适的侵蚀风险模型的选择。这些方法最终可支持制定有针对性的沉积物管理策略，以保持欧盟内外健康的土壤。

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引用次数: 0