Journal of Soils and Sediments最新文献

{"title":"25 years of SUITMAs: Urban soils - a new research field in soil science. What makes these soils and the interest in these soils so special?","authors":"Wolfgang Burghardt","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03826-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03826-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Since the occurrence of humans, soil has been affected by them. Thus, rural areas have been modified. Currently, urban areas are increasing extensively. They are locations with a high population density that are impacted by settlements and industrial technologies. This paper shows how soils are further discriminated by urbanization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Material and methods</h3><p>A collection of observations and conclusions about the characteristics of natural and urban soils and the discrimination by interpretation of the particularities of discovered soils are presented. This view is enlarged by the specific features of the mode of human action and their effects on soil formation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The effects of humans on soils in rural areas are numerous. They concern effects from soil use, evolving soil fertility and raw material supply by mining. Changes in soil formation occur due to natural factors in the landscapes. Discussions about the nature of soils in urban areas stress the situation of a low soil age, that they become relicts, are highly disturbed, contain artifacts, and are mostly byproducts of human decisions. Based on the specific urban climate, there are zonal soils. Perceptions about what qualifies these soils to be separately designated as urban soils are presented. The new view of the differentiation of artifacts by their origin from heat-treated products allows a more precise definition of soils in urban areas. Soil formation can occur quickly.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Urban soil research is a wide field for discovering new modes of soil formation and the relationship between humans and soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of soil moisture content using genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation algorithm from spectral data","authors":"Jiawei Wang, Dong Zhang, Yulu Zhang, Hu Liu, Linkang Zhou, Hua Jin","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03868-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03868-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Accurately assessing soil moisture content (SMC) is essential for applications in agriculture and ecological sustainability. However, the dynamic monitoring and assessment of SMC presents considerable challenges due to the intricate traditional methods and the ever-evolving environmental variables. Relevant research has indicated that visible and near-infrared (vis–NIR) spectra are a practical and cost-effective alternative for accurate and convenient estimation of SMC. Advances in technology and computer hardware have enabled spectral characteristics and computer vision algorithms to show enormous potential for rapid and non-destructive characterization of soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predicted ability of SMC using vis–NIR spectral data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>A total of 60 topsoil samples (0–5 cm) from the maize test field at the Shanxi Central Irrigation Test station were used as the study object. A set of four spectral parameters was derived and filtered from spectral data, and C-W and W-W models were developed using Genetic Algorithm algorithm-optimized backpropagation (GA-BP) neural networks to predict SMC based on outdoor measurements.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results showed that: (1) SMC can be successfully predicted using the spectral data through the C-W and W-W models; (2) the C-W model outperformed the W-W model, particularly in the context of deep soil, with R² ranging from 0.919 to 0.991 and corresponding RMSE values from 0.619% to 0.982%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study introduces two effective methodologies for accurate estimation of SMC at different depths using multispectral remote sensing, which showed a high degree of prediction accuracy. It further proves that GA-BP algorithm is still effective for predicting SMC in outdoor. The research result might be helpful for the further study of SMC measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in iron-bound organic carbon in soils along an altitude gradient and influencing factors in a subtropical mountain ecosystem of southern China","authors":"Kai Xiong, Xinyu Jiang, Shaoqiang Huang, Jinshun Guan, Xiangbo Zou, Chuangting Chen, Tiancheng Zhou, Cao Kuang, Ji Ye, Shiqin Yu, Heng Jiang, Bin Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03873-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03873-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The main factors governing iron-bound organic carbon (Fe-bound OC) formation under different environmental conditions have been less well identified. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Fe-bound OC and the influencing factors in soils of a typical subtropical mountain ecosystem.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Soil samples at different altitudes (402–1653 m) and depths (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm) in the Nanling Mountains of southern China were collected. The influence of soil property indicators and microbial diversity characteristics on the formation of Fe-bound OC was explored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The Fe-bound OC content in the soils ranged from 1.40 ± 1.32 g/kg to 15.09 ± 3.57 g/kg, accounting for an average of 23.49 ± 13.03% of the total organic carbon (TOC), and generally increased with altitude and exhibited significantly higher values at the soil depth of 0–20 cm, while its proportion to TOC (<i>f</i>_Fe-OC) gradually increased as soil depth increased. The more significant indicators in explaining the variation of Fe-bound OC include TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), free iron oxides (Fe_d), amorphous iron oxides (Fe_o), complexed iron oxides (Fe_p), Fe_o/Fe_d, pH, Ca, sand and silt. Fe_o/Fe_d was strongly linearly correlated with Fe-bound OC, thus can be a good predictor of Fe-bound OC content. RDA analysis showed that Fe-bound OC/<i>f</i>_<i>Fe-OC</i> had a relatively closer correlation with bacterial phyla including <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The attitude gradient and soil depth significantly influence the content of Fe-bound OC. The distribution of Fe-bound OC exhibited a certain correlation with both biotic and abiotic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence of selected organic pollutants in the soils of the Songnen Plain, China","authors":"Yanan Chen, Yichen Zhang, Jiquan Zhang, Chenyang Wu, Lili, Qiuling Lang, Huanan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03876-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03876-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>To protect and improve the soil environment of the Songnen Plain, detailed identification of organic pollutant contamination features in the soil and the degree of contamination is required. The primary goals of this research are to measure the levels of organic pollutants detected in the soil of the Songnen Plain, to correlate the levels of organic pollutants with different land use practices, and to assess the environmental quality of the soil using various pollution indicators.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Material and methods</h3><p>Contaminated soil was collected at three types of areas: residential (n = 26), agricultural (n = 22), and industrial (n = 12) in the Songnen Plain of Jilin Province, at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. The concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, benzene hexachloride, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, hexachlorobenzene, and atrazine in the soil samples were determined using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-mass spectrometer (GC-MS-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Soil BaP had the highest concentration with a mean value of 20.59 ng/kg, followed by atrazine, hexachlorobenzene, benzene hexachloride, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), trichloromethane, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and tetrachloromethane with mean concentrations of 0.46, 0.44, 0.34, 0.28, 0.21, 0.14, 0.06, 0.03, and 0.02 ng/kg, respectively. Soil organic pollutants at all sampling sites did not exceed the secondary environmental quality standard values. The most serious soil contamination was found in landfill sites, followed by urban areas, industrial areas and farmland areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Soil contamination is more severe in locations where human activity is more prevalent. The subsoil can better reflect the characteristics of soil pollution in the area compared to the upper layer of soil. Although contamination is low in the research region, the presence of these pollutants must be taken seriously in order to maintain the quality and safety of agricultural products and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hazardous element accumulation in urban soils of Cracow, Lublin and Torun (Poland): pollution and ecological risk indices","authors":"Andrzej Plak, Małgorzata Telecka, Przemysław Charzyński, Agnieszka Hanaka","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03864-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03864-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>This study assesses how urban soil transformation affects pollution levels and ecological risks in Cracow, Lublin, and Torun using specific geochemical indices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The surveyed cities, namely Cracow, Lublin and Torun, are among the oldest in Poland, with origins dating back to the Middle Ages. Moreover, they did not experience significant destruction during World War II. A total of 135 sampling points were selected from three cities, and topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from various areas, including industrial, residential, recreational areas, wastelands, traffic routes, allotments, cultivated fields, forests and cemeteries (45 topsoil samples in each city). The concentration of 8 elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) was measured to determine pollution and ecological risk indicators, such as geoaccumulation index (<i>I</i>_<i>geo</i>), pollution load index (<i>PLI</i>), cancer risk (<i>CR</i>), and ecological risk assessment (<i>ERi</i>).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Findings reveal significant differences among the cities, with Cracow showing the highest pollution and ecological risk levels, influenced primarily by industrial activities. <i>I</i>_<i>geo</i> above 3 was found for Sb (4% of the sample population), Cr (33%), Ni (31%), Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn (11%). In the other two cities, high <i>I</i>_<i>geo</i> values occurred sporadically with most values ranging from 0 to 2. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Cr and Ni were found to be highest in industrial areas, transportation areas and urban wastelands, and the lowest in the study plots located in forests. In Cracow, almost 58% of the surveyed areas are polluted. Almost the entire area of Torun (87%) shows high values of summed ecological risk assessment (<i>PER</i>_<i>k</i>). Lublin is characterized by the lowest ecological risk, almost 32% of the surveyed areas are polluted (<i>PER</i>_<i>k</i>—high and very high).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The application of pollution and ecological risk indicators allowed for the identification of elevated heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in the studied soils and evaluation of disease risk in people. The data were strongly correlated with the level of anthropogenic pressure, which varied depending on the different land use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil nutrients, phosphatase activities and phosphorus species distribution in soils amended sheep manure biochar","authors":"Seyed Hamid Hosseini, Xinqiang Liang, Christophe Niyungeko, Seyedeh Fatemeh Zakeritabar","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03869-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03869-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Sheep manure-derived biochar (SMB) is applied to enhance soil productivity, but its impacts on soil phosphorus (P) species distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. This research aimed to explore the effects of SMB amended soil on phosphatase activities, nutrients, P species distribution, and the underlying mechanisms in agricultural soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>The soils (collected from rice and tea cultivation) were incubated for a period of 92 days receiving different rates of biochars 0% (CK), 2% (T₁) and 4% (T₂) respectively. The SMB was manufactured at 500°C, and P species were tested via ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Acid phosphomonoesterase (ACP) activities, CEC, NH₄⁺–N, pH, NO₃^‾–N, Olsen‒ P and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) were determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The findings suggested that the SMB addition enhanced the pH, NO₃^‾–N, Olsen‒ P, CEC, NH₄⁺–N contents in both paddy and tea soils. Furthermore, compared with CK (control), application of SMB at T₂ reduced the ACP activities by 85.9 and 74.8%, but promoted the ALP activities by 89.1 and 70.6% for paddy and tea soils, respectively. The findings showed that major forms of P were orthophosphate and orthophosphate monoesters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The SMB application increased soil inorganic P, P availability and ALP activities as a result of increasing of P availability by decomposition of organic P. Our research showed that the SMB application is an alternative nutrient for plants instead of chemical fertilizers. Nevertheless, care should be taken with the long-term SMB application, consequently excessive nutrient utilization has the potential to induce eutrophication in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Analysis on Shear Behavior of New-fill and Silt Interface in Check Dam","authors":"Ya Wang, Hongyu Wang, Liping Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03856-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03856-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The interface between newly-filled soil and silted soil in a check dam is commonly acknowledged as the most vulnerable plane in the upstream heightening technique, posing a significant threat to dam stability. The objective was to investigate the microscopic shear failure mechanism in \" soft–soft (or soil-soil) \" interlayers under different working conditions, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for dam hazard mitigation and reinforcement.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Direct shear tests were initially conducted on the interface between new-fill and silt soils, considering different water contents and compactness coefficients in the silt soil. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and Image J software were employed to extract microscopic parameters from the sheared samples. By integrating macroscopic failure patterns with microscopic parameters, a qualitative analysis was established to investigate how water content and compaction degree influence the shear properties and deformations, ultimately revealing the failure mechanism of interface shearing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>A typical triple-stage (fluctuation, climbing, stable) hardening phenomenon occurred in the stress-displacement curve during direct shear test. The shear strength showed a positive correlation with compaction coefficient but an inverse relationship with water content. Cohesion of the contact surface increased initially and decreased as water content raised, whereas it changed slightly with the increase of compaction. The internal friction angle increased with the development of compactness degree but decreased with increasing water content. SEM images illustrated a progressive morphology transformation in the contact surface, from granular to laminar to an aggregated pattern. Microscopic parameters such as pore morphology properties, pore size distribution as well as pore spatial distributions were directly bonded with macro properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The compaction of silt plays a crucial role in adhesive force and structure of particles at soil-soil interface, thereby leading to the occurrence of \"optimal bonding\" and the variation of shear strength. The shear failure of contact surface is characterized by progressive failure. Besides, the water content and compaction degree of soft soil has a significant influence on the progressive failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace metal contamination and bioaccessibility in two Ulster County Urban Community Gardens, New York State (USA)","authors":"Salvatore Engel-Di Mauro, Megan Ferguson, Jeffrey Kitchen, Alice Rojas, Taiyo Cannizzo","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03865-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03865-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced nitrogen fertilizer application mitigated CH4 fluxes from rice paddies under an elevated CO2 concentration","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenghua Hu, Botao Gu, Jingjing Xing, Xinying Hu, Yutong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03863-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03863-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping legacy lead: socioeconomic and demographic connections in urban soil contamination in Lafayette, LA","authors":"Holly L. Heafner, Anna A. Paltseva","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03861-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03861-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}