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Effect of Phyllostachys pubescens expansion and refelling on soil food web in a Cryptomeria japonica plantation, Lushan Mountain, subtropical China 中国亚热带庐山梭梭林扩种和改种对土壤食物网的影响
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03835-5
Zhe Wang, Suqin Yu, Liqin Liao, Ke Wang, Foyi Zhang, Philip J. Murray, Qiong Wang, Wei Liu

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the impact of the expansion and subsequent felling of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), a dominant species in China's bamboo cultivation history, on both above-ground and underground soil fauna communities and the soil food web within Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests in Lushan Mountain, subtropical China.

Methods

We identified three distinct areas where Moso bamboo had expanded into pure Japanese cedar forests. In each area, two experimental scenarios were created: a deforestation site (DF) where Moso bamboo had intruded and was later felled, and a control site (UF) with ongoing bamboo growth. Soil fauna communities were collected using pitfall traps (above-ground soil fauna) and the Tullgren dry funnel method (underground soil fauna), while stable isotope analyses were used to determine the trophic levels of these communities.

Results

Deforestation significantly reduced the abundance of Acari, the most populous taxon, as well as Collembola, Diptera, and Diptera larvae. Above-ground Hymenoptera populations declined in deforested plots, while underground numbers rose. Undeforested forests supported higher densities of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Arachnida. Despite similar annual biomass trends across plots, deforested areas had a greater biomass, driven by larger soil fauna. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter content increased in deforested areas and showed a strong correlation with most soil fauna, especially Diptera larvae. Following deforestation, habitat alterations have affected soil fauna's food sources, resulting in a lower trophic level for groups like Diptera, Collembola, and Hymenoptera.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the significant impact of Moso bamboo expansion and subsequent felling on the soil fauna communities and food web in Cryptomeria japonica forests. These findings highlight the need for further research into the long-term effects and recovery patterns of these ecosystems.

目的 本研究旨在探讨毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)--中国竹子栽培史上的优势物种--的扩展和随后的砍伐对中国亚热带庐山杉木(Cryptomeria japonica)林内地上和地下土壤动物群落以及土壤食物网的影响。在每个区域,我们都创建了两个实验场景:一个是毛竹入侵后被砍伐的毁林点(DF),另一个是毛竹持续生长的对照点(UF)。使用坑式陷阱(地上土壤动物群落)和图尔格伦干漏斗法(地下土壤动物群落)收集土壤动物群落,并使用稳定同位素分析确定这些群落的营养级。毁林地块的地上膜翅目昆虫数量下降,而地下数量上升。未砍伐森林中的鞘翅目、膜翅目和蛛形纲昆虫密度较高。尽管各地块的年生物量趋势相似,但森林砍伐区域的生物量更大,这是由于土壤中的动物数量更多。森林砍伐区的土壤总氮、总磷和有机质含量增加,并与大多数土壤动物,尤其是双翅目幼虫表现出很强的相关性。森林砍伐后,栖息地的改变影响了土壤动物的食物来源,导致双翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目等类群的营养级降低。这些发现强调了进一步研究这些生态系统的长期影响和恢复模式的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Prokaryotic community structure and predicted metabolism associated with hydrocarbon degradation in marine sediments from the Northwest Coast of Baja California, Mexico 墨西哥下加利福尼亚西北海岸海洋沉积物中与碳氢化合物降解有关的原核生物群落结构和预测新陈代谢
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03822-w
Ileana Sarahi Ramos-Mendoza, Salvador Embarcadero-Jiménez, Andrea Fernanda Barrios-Navarro, Diana Camila Ledezma-González, Asunción Lago-Lestón, Brianda Jannyn Valenzuela-Suárez, Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez, Hortencia Silva-Jiménez

Purpose

The coastal environment is a fragile ecosystem exposed to anthropogenic pressures, including pollution. Microbial ecology studies have demonstrated the importance of microbial metabolism in marine sediments to maintain nutrient cycling; however, recalcitrant contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could affect these microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of microbial communities on marine sediments from the North Occidental Coast of Baja California, Mexico (NOCBC) and their potential aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic pathways.

Materials and methods

During the Southern California Bight Oceanographic Campaign, sediment samples were collected in September 2018 from 33 coastal sites from the Tijuana-San Diego border to Punta Banda Cape, Ensenada (Mexico). The samples were analyzed for grain size, total PAHs, and organic carbon (OC) concentrations. Next, the bacterial communities were identified using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and hydrocarbonoclastic function was inferred using PICRUSt2.

Results

According to Canadian and EPA guidelines for marine sediments, the total PAH concentration from the samples suggested a low pollution impact. Sequence analysis identified 27 phyla and 36 candidate divisions across the sampled sediments. The dominant phyla were Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, and Crenarchaeota. At the family level, the most prominent were Piscirickettsiaceae, OM60, Flavobacteriaceae, Pirellulaceae, and Cenarchaeaceae. The key genera were identified as Nitrosopumilus, Lutimonas, and Desulfococcus; nine Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) represented the core microbiome across the sites, comprising about 7.68% of the total reads. The predictive functional analysis detected 47 principal pathways involved in hydrocarbon degradation, including catechol, protocatechuate, and aerobic toluene degradation routes.

Conclusions

Our data suggest the presence of hot spots for aromatic degradative pathways in those sampling sites near cities, where a significant proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms may be present. This study represents the first census of the prokaryotic communities from marine sediments of NOCBC, which harbors diverse communities with hydrocarbonoclastic potential. These results could provide constructive guidelines on ecosystem management and pollution mitigation actions.

目的 沿海环境是一个脆弱的生态系统,受到包括污染在内的人为压力的影响。微生物生态学研究表明,海洋沉积物中的微生物新陈代谢对维持营养循环非常重要;然而,多环芳烃(PAHs)等难降解污染物可能会影响这些微生物群落。本研究旨在调查墨西哥下加利福尼亚北西海岸(NOCBC)海洋沉积物上微生物群落的多样性及其潜在的芳香烃分解途径。材料与方法在南加利福尼亚湾海洋学活动期间,于 2018 年 9 月从提华纳-圣地亚哥边境到恩塞纳达(墨西哥)蓬塔班达角的 33 个沿海地点收集了沉积物样本。对样本进行了粒度、多环芳烃总量和有机碳(OC)浓度分析。然后,使用 Illumina 16S rRNA 基因高通量测序鉴定了细菌群落,并使用 PICRUSt2 推断了碳氢化合物的作用。序列分析确定了取样沉积物中的 27 个门和 36 个候选分区。主要的门类为假单胞菌门、类杆菌门、扁孢菌门和子囊菌门。在科一级,最主要的科是鱼腥草科、OM60 科、黄杆菌科、海罂粟科和仙人掌科。关键的属被确定为硝化球菌属(Nitrosopumilus)、泸蒂莫纳菌属(Lutimonas)和脱硫球菌属(Desulfococcus);9 个扩增子序列变体(ASV)代表了各个地点的核心微生物组,约占总读数的 7.68%。预测性功能分析发现了 47 种参与碳氢化合物降解的主要途径,包括邻苯二酚、原儿茶酸盐和需氧甲苯降解途径。结论我们的数据表明,在城市附近的采样点存在芳香烃降解途径的热点,在这些采样点可能存在很大比例的芳香烃降解微生物。这项研究是对 NOCBC 海洋沉积物中的原核生物群落进行的首次普查,NOCBC 海洋沉积物中蕴藏着多种具有碳氢化合物降解潜力的群落。这些结果可为生态系统管理和污染缓解行动提供建设性指导。
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引用次数: 0
Soil structure dynamics in constructed Technosols for bioretention cells: X-ray microtomography study 用于生物滞留细胞的人造技术溶胶中的土壤结构动力学:X 射线显微层析成像研究
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03828-4
Petra Heckova, John Koestel, Ales Klement, Radka Kodesova, Michal Snehota

Purpose

Constructed Technosols are frequently used to create the biofilter layer of blue-green infrastructure elements when the local soil does not possess the necessary properties. However, the long-term functioning of the biofilter is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to elucidate changes in the structure of a constructed Technosol based biofilter of a bioretention cell (BC) by means of x-ray tomography and additional physical characterization during the first years after installation under two different water regimes.

Methods and materials

Two identical experimental BCs were studied to investigate structural changes in biofilter. The BCs exhibited different water regimes. BC1 collected naturally occurring rain concentrated from the nearby roof, while BC2 lacked a regular inflow of water except for several irrigation events and exhibited drier conditions overall. Biofilter was constructed using a mixture of 50% sand, 30% compost, and 20% topsoil. Undistributed soil samples were collected from the biofilter at 7, 12, 18, 23, and 31 months after BC installation. The changes in the soil pore system geometry were assessed by analyzing morphological parameters derived from X-ray computed microtomography images (μCT) and additional physical parameters. The μCT images were analyzed using the SoilJ software package.

Results

In both BCs, soil consolidation accompanied by a significant reduction in macroporosity and pore connectivity, occurred between months 7 and 18 in BC1 and between months 7 and 12 in BC2. Macroporosity then gradually increased in BC1 between months 18 and 31. During the same period, in the drier soil of BC2, macroporosity and pore connectivity decreased. In BC1, the water field capacity increased between months 7 and 18, but then returned to its initial values by month 31.

Conclusion

The μCT proved to be suitable for assessing the structural changes of constructed Technosol. Significant differences in soil structure development were observed in BC, depending on the water regime. These differences were particularly evident in the development of field capacity, total porosity, and macroporosity.

目的 当当地土壤不具备必要的特性时,经常使用人造技术溶胶来创建蓝绿基础设施元素的生物过滤层。然而,人们对生物滤层的长期功能并不完全了解。本研究的目的是通过 X 射线断层扫描和其他物理特征描述,阐明基于 Technosol 的生物滞留池(BC)构建的生物滤池在安装后的头几年中,在两种不同水质条件下的结构变化。这两个生物滤池的水质不同。BC1 从附近的屋顶收集天然雨水,而 BC2 除了几次灌溉外,没有定期流入的水,总体上比较干燥。生物滤池由 50% 的沙子、30% 的堆肥和 20% 的表土混合制成。在 BC 安装后的 7、12、18、23 和 31 个月,从生物滤池中收集了未分布的土壤样本。通过分析从 X 射线计算机显微层析成像(μCT)获得的形态参数和其他物理参数,评估了土壤孔隙系统几何形状的变化。结果在 BC1 的第 7 至 18 个月和 BC2 的第 7 至 12 个月期间,两个 BC 的土壤都发生了固结,同时大孔率和孔隙连通性显著降低。BC1 的大孔隙度在第 18 至 31 个月期间逐渐增加。同期,在 BC2 较干燥的土壤中,大孔率和孔隙连通性都有所下降。在 BC1 中,水田容量在第 7 个月至第 18 个月期间有所增加,但到第 31 个月又恢复到初始值。在 BC 中观察到土壤结构发展的显著差异,这取决于水制度。这些差异在田间容量、总孔隙度和大孔隙度的发展方面尤为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing electrokinetic remediation of soil contaminated with As, Cd, Cu, and Pb using the biodegradable chelator GLDA: A pilot study 利用可生物降解的螯合剂 GLDA 加强受砷、镉、铜和铅污染土壤的电动修复:试点研究
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03824-8
Zhiwei Pan, Genmei Wang, Jiaqi Liang, Long Cang

Purpose

This study aims to assess the feasibility and efficiency of electrokinetic (EK) remediation of soil contaminated with As, Cd, Cu, and Pb using the biodegradable chelator N, N-bis(carboxymethyl)-tetrasodium salt (GLDA) at the pilot scale.

Materials and methods

The experiments were performed under a constant voltage (40 V) in an EK reactor (100 cm (length) × 50 cm (width) × 25 cm (height)) for over 100 days using various enhancement strategies. The current, electroosmotic flow (EOF), microstructure, mineral composition of the soil samples (before and after EK remediation), removal efficiencies, chemical forms, and ecotoxicity risks of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb were determined.

Results and discussion

The results showed gradual decreases in the electrical current and EOF over time. The spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in the soil solution and electrolyte revealed that the removed metals primarily accumulated in anolytes. The soil As, Cd, and Cu contents, especially near the anode, showed gradual reductions. The total removal efficiencies of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb were 49.4%, 44.0%, 53.6%, and 36.6%, respectively. Overall, the ecotoxicity risks of the remaining As, Cd, Cu, and Pb were below the initial values. A soil microstructure and mineral composition analysis indicated that the GLDA-enhanced EK technology effectively removed As, Cd, Cu, and Pb by dissolving soil minerals and breaking chemical bonds. The unit energy consumption ranged from 1.25 to 1.83 kW·h/t/%, indicating lower or comparable values to the data in the literature.

Conclusions

The biodegradable chelator, GLDA, has been shown to remove different types of potentially toxic elements using enhancement strategies on a pilot scale with low unit energy consumption. Arsenic migrated to the anode in the anionic form, and the complexes formed by Cd, Cu, and Pb with GLDA were negatively charged and moved toward the cathode. After the EK treatment, the ecotoxicity risks of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb decreased with a reduction in the contents and the chemical form changes of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb.

本研究旨在评估在中试规模下使用可生物降解的螯合剂 N,N-双(羧甲基)-四钠盐(GLDA)对受砷、镉、铜和铅污染的土壤进行电动力(EK)修复的可行性和效率。材料和方法在恒定电压(40 V)下,在 EK 反应器(100 厘米(长)×50 厘米(宽)×25 厘米(高))中使用各种增强策略进行了 100 多天的实验。结果和讨论结果表明,随着时间的推移,电流和 EOF 逐渐减小。土壤溶液和电解质中 As、Cd、Cu 和 Pb 的空间分布表明,去除的金属主要在电解质中积累。土壤中砷、镉和铜的含量,尤其是阳极附近的含量,呈现出逐渐降低的趋势。砷、镉、铜和铅的总去除率分别为 49.4%、44.0%、53.6% 和 36.6%。总体而言,其余砷、镉、铜和铅的生态毒性风险均低于初始值。土壤微观结构和矿物成分分析表明,GLDA 增强型 EK 技术通过溶解土壤矿物和破坏化学键,有效去除砷、镉、铜和铅。单位能耗介于 1.25 至 1.83 kW-h/t/% 之间,表明其数值较低或与文献数据相当。砷以阴离子形式迁移到阳极,镉、铜和铅与 GLDA 形成的络合物带负电,并向阴极迁移。经 EK 处理后,随着 As、Cd、Cu 和 Pb 含量的降低和化学形态的变化,As、Cd、Cu 和 Pb 的生态毒性风险也随之降低。
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引用次数: 0
Physical properties of the urban soils of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) 圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉(西班牙)城市土壤的物理特性
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03833-7
R. Paradelo, C. Herbón, M. T. Barral

Purpose

Poor physical conditions are a typical feature of urban soils that reduce their functionality regarding plant production or the water cycle. However, the increasing importance of urbanization makes it necessary to carry out additional research on physical properties of urban soils.

Methods

In this work, we have studied 64 urban soils in Santiago de Compostela (Spain), over different parent materials and under several land uses. We assessed their physical properties in the field and laboratory, with measures of bulk density and porosity, water holding capacity, aggregate stability and water-dispersible clay, permeability and resistance to penetration. The erosion risk was assessed by estimation of the k factor in the RUSLE.

Results

The results show that the soils present heterogeneous physical properties, as common in urban soils. As a result of high organic matter and Fe contents, the soils present low bulk densities and high aggregate stability. Compaction issues are widespread but dependent on land use: in general soils under urban agriculture use present higher permeability and lower compaction levels than urban grasslands and forests. High infiltration values observed despite compaction are likely due to the abundance of coarse fragments and preferential flow.

Conclusion

Overall, urban soils have potentially low erosion risk as shown by the K factor values, but sound management is essential to keep actual erosion rates down, because relief, climatic factors as well as human behavior are susceptible of increasing erosion risk at some points.

目的恶劣的物理条件是城市土壤的一个典型特征,它降低了土壤在植物生产或水循环方面的功能。在这项工作中,我们研究了圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉(西班牙)的 64 种城市土壤,这些土壤的母质不同,土地用途也各异。我们在实地和实验室评估了这些土壤的物理特性,测量了体积密度和孔隙度、持水能力、骨料稳定性和水分散粘土、渗透性和抗渗透性。结果表明,这些土壤具有城市土壤常见的异质性物理性质。由于有机质和铁的含量较高,土壤的体积密度较低,集聚稳定性较高。压实问题普遍存在,但取决于土地用途:一般来说,与城市草地和森林相比,城市农业用地土壤的渗透性更高,压实程度更低。尽管存在压实问题,但观察到的高渗透值可能是由于大量的粗碎屑和优先流造成的。结论总体而言,从 K 因子值来看,城市土壤潜在的侵蚀风险较低,但要降低实际侵蚀率,合理的管理是必不可少的,因为地形、气候因素以及人类行为在某些地方很容易增加侵蚀风险。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic properties of sediments within the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and their response to provenance and hydrodynamic conditions 三峡水库水位波动区内沉积物的磁性及其对产状和水动力条件的响应
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03808-8
Ting Chen, Yujie Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Xingping Wei, Liuliu Feng, Yixuan Wang

Purpose

Iron-bearing magnetic minerals in the sediments of the water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) in large reservoirs play critical roles in the burial and release of organic carbon and pollutants. This study aims to reveal the spatial distribution of magnetic minerals across different elevations and reaches within the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the largest reservoir in the world, and their links to sediment provenance and hydrodynamic conditions. This study will provide a fundamental basis for future investigations in the roles of magnetic minerals in the circulation processes of pollutants and organic carbon within the WLFZ of fluvial-reservoir systems.

Materials and methods

~ 300 sediment samples and nearby side-slope soils were collected from various altitudes within the WLFZ at ten different sites of the TGR. The magnetic properties of these sediments and soils were examined using environmental magnetism. Additionally, previously reported data on magnetic properties of suspended sediments from upstream rivers flowing into the TGR were assembled. Nearby side-slope soils and suspended samples were used to represent magnetic properties of potential sources for the sediments within the WLFZ.

Results and discussion

Our findings reveal that magnetite/maghemite and hematite particles dominate the sediments within the WLFZ of the TGR. Relatively higher concentration of hematite particles in the upper part (> 165 m) of WLFZ mainly originates from or are nearby side-slope soils, whereas higher concentration of magnetite/maghemite particles in the lower part of WLFZ is primarily due to sediment supply from upstream of the Yangtze River. The dominance of coarser magnetite/maghemite within the WLFZ of the upper reach of the TGR, from Jiangjin district to Fuling district, is due to strong water flow velocity. An increase in the concentration of nanosized fine-grained magnetic particles within the WLFZ of the middle and lower reaches of the TGR can be attributed to a combination of reduced water dynamics and intense regional soil erosion of nearby side slopes.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the concentration and grain size of magnetic minerals exhibit spatial variations within the WLFZ of reservoirs under the influences of sediment provenance and hydrodynamics. These findings provide fundamental insights on future exploration into the crucial roles of iron-bearing magnetic minerals in the accumulation, migration, and transformation of pollutants and organic carbon within the WLFZ of reservoirs and their response to changes in sediment sources and water dynamics.

目的大型水库水位波动带(WLFZ)沉积物中的含铁磁性矿物在有机碳和污染物的埋藏和释放中起着关键作用。本研究旨在揭示世界上最大的水库--三峡水库(TGR)水位波动带内不同海拔高度和河段的磁性矿物空间分布及其与沉积物产地和水动力条件的联系。这项研究将为今后研究磁性矿物在河流-水库系统 WLFZ 内污染物和有机碳循环过程中的作用奠定基础。材料和方法~ 在台儿庄水库的十个不同地点,从 WLFZ 内的不同高度采集了 300 个沉积物样本和附近的边坡土壤。利用环境磁学研究了这些沉积物和土壤的磁性。此外,还收集了以前报告过的从流入湍河流域的上游河流中采集的悬浮沉积物的磁特性数据。附近的边坡土壤和悬浮样本被用来代表 WLFZ 内沉积物潜在来源的磁性。结果与讨论我们的研究结果表明,磁铁矿/菱镁矿和赤铁矿颗粒在台儿庄水库 WLFZ 内的沉积物中占主导地位。相对而言,WLFZ 上部(> 165 m)较高浓度的赤铁矿颗粒主要来源于或附近的边坡土壤,而 WLFZ 下部较高浓度的磁铁矿/闪长岩颗粒则主要来自长江上游的沉积物补给。从江津区到涪陵区的沣河上游WLFZ内,较粗的磁铁矿/菱镁矿占主导地位,这是因为水流速度较快。滩涂堰塞湖中下游WLFZ内纳米级细粒磁性颗粒浓度的增加可归因于水动力减弱和附近边坡强烈的区域性土壤侵蚀。结论我们的研究结果表明,在沉积物来源和水动力的影响下,储层 WLFZ 内磁性矿物的浓度和粒度呈现空间变化。这些发现为今后探索含铁磁性矿物在水库 WLFZ 内污染物和有机碳的积累、迁移和转化中的关键作用及其对沉积物来源和水动力学变化的响应提供了基本见解。
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引用次数: 0
Adding fine woody debris accelerates the turnover of soil carbon pool in high-latitude urban plantations in China 添加细木屑可加速中国高纬度城市种植园土壤碳库的周转
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03823-9
Honglin Xing, Hao Zhang, Guoru Tang, Tianhe Yuan, Hailong Shen, Ling Yang

Purpose

The decomposition and transformation of woody debris (WD) generated during forest growth and management have a significant impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and carbon balance. However, our understanding of the impact of WD on SOC in urban plantations remains limited. To fill this gap, we conducted this study.

Materials and methods

In this study, we established four treatments involving the addition of fine woody debris (FWD) on the soil of six urban plantations in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, to investigate changes in SOC. The four treatments for adding FWD were as follows: Control, low-dose carbon addition (LC), medium-dose carbon addition (MC), and high-dose carbon addition (HC). The added carbon content in the four treatments was 0 g m−2, 250 g m−2, 500 g m−2,1000 g m−2. After 13 months, we measured the dynamic changes of SOC and nitrogen fractions as well as the characteristics of the carbon pool in the 0–10 cm thick soil layer.

Results

The study results indicate that, when compared with the control group, the addition of FWD had a noteworthy impact on basic soil parameters such as soil water content, pH, and total nitrogen. This addition resulted in an augmentation of labile organic carbon fractions, including microbial biomass carbon and easily oxidizable organic carbon. However, no significant effect was observed on the content and storage of SOC. In addition, it is found that adding FWD has a significant positive effect on carbon pool management index (CPMI), while CPMI has a significant negative effect on SOC.

Conclusions

The addition of FWD to urban plantations in Heilongjiang Province, China, for 13 months can increase the turnover of SOC and improve soil quality. However, the increase in SOC storage is limited and a longer decomposition time might be necessary to see a significant SOC sequestration effect.

目的 森林生长和管理过程中产生的木质碎屑(WD)的分解和转化对土壤有机碳(SOC)动态和碳平衡有重大影响。然而,我们对城市人工林中 WD 对 SOC 影响的了解仍然有限。为了填补这一空白,我们开展了这项研究。材料与方法在这项研究中,我们在中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市的六个城市人工林的土壤中设置了四种添加细木屑(FWD)的处理,以研究 SOC 的变化。添加细木屑的四个处理如下对照组、低剂量碳添加组(LC)、中剂量碳添加组(MC)和高剂量碳添加组(HC)。四个处理的碳添加量分别为 0 g m-2、250 g m-2、500 g m-2 和 1000 g m-2。13 个月后,我们测量了 0-10 厘米厚土壤层中 SOC 和氮组分的动态变化以及碳库的特征。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,添加 FWD 对土壤水分含量、pH 值和总氮等基本土壤参数有显著影响。添加后,包括微生物生物量碳和易氧化有机碳在内的易变有机碳组分有所增加。不过,对 SOC 的含量和储存量没有观察到明显的影响。此外,研究还发现,添加 FWD 对碳库管理指数(CPMI)有显著的正向影响,而 CPMI 对 SOC 有显著的负向影响。然而,SOC 储量的增加是有限的,可能需要更长的分解时间才能看到明显的 SOC 固碳效果。
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引用次数: 0
Beneficial use of sediments, tools, pilot sites and measuring techniques developed and used within seven European Union INTERREG projects 在七个欧盟 INTERREG 项目中开发和使用的有益利用沉积物、工具、试验场地和测量技术
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03811-z
Arjan Wijdeveld, Bruno Lemière, Aline Coftier, Valerie Laperche, Philippe Bataillard, Eric Masson, Richard Lord, Keith Torrance, Joe Harrington, Brano Batel, Marco Wensveen, Alasdair Hamilton, Tristan Debuigne

Purpose

The EU Water Framework Directive (European Union Off J Eur Comm 2000) and EU Waste Framework Directive (European Union Off J Euro Union 2008) impacted the Beneficial Use (BU) of sediments in Europe. INTERREG has supported initiatives to change the perception that sediments are a waste. In this paper we provide an overview of tools, pilot sites and measuring techniques developed and used for the BU of sediments within seven European Union INTERREG projects. We illustrate the lessons learned regarding barriers and enablers for BU of sediments.

Materials and methods

BU of sediments is a combination of factors. The following aspects are considered. The sediment must be suitable for use and be in engineering compliance. The sediment must also need to meet the end of waste criteria, as well as to be in environmental compliance. To check in the field if engineering and environmental compliance is feasible, on-site analyses and decision support tools are needed. When BU use is possible, there must be a benefit, either in an added socio-economic value or in ecosystem services. To define benefits the impact of Business as Usual (BAU) should also be expressed. Stakeholder perception and spatial restraints determine areas for BU of sediments with spatial consensus.

Results and discussion

The pilots and case studies described in this paper are examples of different applications of BU of sediments in northwest Europe. The tools, equipment, pilot tests and on-site monitoring techniques developed by the identified INTERREG projects are useful as BU enablers, for both citizens (an enabler is what is in it for me versus a barrier like residents opposing to proposed developments in their local area or the Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) principle), and for regulators (what are the risks versus benefits as compared to BAU).

Conclusions

The main barriers for beneficial use of sediments are the social acceptance when sediments are used on land (often seen as waste disposal) and the extra direct cost versus the cost for disposal, while indirect benefits such as the potential for nature development, the impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or more locally on the extra jobs created, are generally not considered. Also, the impact of BAU is often not explicitly considered.

欧盟水框架指令》(European Union Off J Eur Comm 2000)和《欧盟废物框架指令》(European Union Off J Euro Union 2008)对欧洲沉积物的有益利用(BU)产生了影响。INTERREG 为改变沉积物是废物的观念提供了支持。在本文中,我们概述了在七个欧盟 INTERREG 项目中为沉积物有益利用开发和使用的工具、试验场地和测量技术。我们阐述了有关沉积物生物多样性的障碍和促进因素的经验教训。我们考虑了以下几个方面。沉积物必须适合使用并符合工程要求。沉积物还必须符合废物终结标准以及环境标准。为了实地检查工程和环境合规性是否可行,需要进行现场分析并使用决策支持工具。当生物多样性利用成为可能时,必须产生社会经济附加值或生态系统服务方面的效益。要确定效益,还应说明 "一切照旧"(BAU)的影响。利益相关者的看法和空间限制决定了沉积物 BU 的区域,并在空间上达成共识。结果与讨论本文所述的试点和案例研究是欧洲西北部沉积物 BU 不同应用的实例。所确定的 INTERREG 项目开发的工具、设备、试点测试和现场监测技术可作为生物多样性利用的推动因素,对公民(推动因素是对我有什么好处,而不是障碍,如居民反对在其所在地区进行拟议的开发或 "不在我家后院"(NIMBY)原则)和监管机构(与 BAU 相比,风险与效益如何)都很有用。结论有益利用沉积物的主要障碍是社会对在陆地上使用沉积物的接受程度(通常被视为废物处理),以及相对于处理成本的额外直接成本,而间接效益,如自然发展潜力、对国内生产总值(GDP)的影响或更多当地创造的额外就业机会,通常不在考虑之列。此外,"一切照旧 "的影响也往往没有得到明确考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Geophysicochemical characterization of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons in the northern of Veracruz 韦拉克鲁斯州北部受碳氢化合物污染土壤的地球物理化学特征描述
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03818-6
U. J Orozco Cuervo, N. V Gallardo Rivas, U Páramo García, R. D Martínez Orozco, O Delgado Rodríguez

Purpose

In this study, a methodology is developed that involves geochemical and geophysical prospecting methods to identify the type and concentration of hydrocarbons, soil and water resistivity-salinity, and the delineation of hydrocarbon migration in the subsurface within an agricultural region in the northern part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, where a landfill resulting from hydrocarbon exploitation is the contamination source.

Materials and methods

The methodology involves hydrocarbon fractionation by packed open column liquid chromatography (SARA: Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes), textural analysis by sieving, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), salinity concentration, total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in water (TPH), water resistivity, and salinity determination using a laboratory geo-electrical method and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT).

Results and discussions

The hydrocarbon exhibited a stable colloidal stability, and the soil composition is of the general type, classified as clay-sandy with high concentrations of iron and strong salinity. The water showed TPH concentrations, and the resistivity and salinity exceeded the permissible limits set by Mexican standards. Electrical Resistivity Tomography delineated both recent and mature contamination.

Conclusions

With this methodology, it was determined that the region exhibits active contamination directly related to the exploration, exploitation, and pipeline leakage of hydrocarbons. The most affected area was the agricultural zone (low-lying area) due to the overflow of contaminated water from the landfill.

目的 在本研究中,开发了一种涉及地球化学和地球物理勘探方法的方法,以确定碳氢化合物的类型和浓度、土壤和水的电阻率-盐度,以及墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州北部农业区地下碳氢化合物迁移的范围,该农业区的污染源是碳氢化合物开采产生的垃圾填埋场。材料和方法该方法采用填料开柱液相色谱法(SARA:饱和物、芳烃、树脂和沥青质)、筛分质地分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱法(SEM-EDX)、盐度浓度、水中总石油烃浓度(TPH)、水电阻率以及使用实验室地质电学方法和电阻率断层扫描法(ERT)测定盐度。结果与讨论碳氢化合物具有稳定的胶体稳定性,土壤成分属于一般类型,属于含铁量高和盐度高的粘土-砂土。水体中的 TPH 浓度、电阻率和盐度都超过了墨西哥标准规定的允许范围。通过这种方法,可以确定该地区的污染与碳氢化合物的勘探、开采和管道泄漏直接相关。受影响最严重的地区是农业区(低洼地区),原因是垃圾填埋场的污染水溢出。
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引用次数: 0
The extraction of carbonate components from soils and sediments: an experimental investigation by using different leaching acids 从土壤和沉积物中提取碳酸盐成分:使用不同浸出酸的实验研究
IF 3.6 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03779-w
Yifu Xu, Yuanchuan Li, Ping Wang, Jiangshan Li

Purpose

Carbonate components in soils and sediments play a crucial role in the study of surface processes and the reconstruction of paleoclimates. The extraction of carbonate components from soils and sediments is often carried out using different types of acids. However, which reagents can effectively extract the carbonate components while minimizing the destruction of non-carbonate minerals in soils and sediments has not been fully explored yet.

Methods

The present study conducted a series of conditional leaching experiments on six standard soil and sediment samples with diverse geological backgrounds and varying carbonate contents.

Results

The results revealed that dilute acetic acid (HOAc, 0.5 mol/L) performed better than acid solution (HCl) and acetic acid buffer solution (NaOAc-HOAc) in promoting the complete dissolution of carbonate minerals and avoiding the dissolution of clay minerals. It was also observed that pre-treating the samples with neutral ammonium acetate buffer solution (NH4OAc) or potassium chloride buffer solution (KCl) was necessary to remove exchangeable components. The Mg/Ca ratios of the silicate components after leaching carbonate in the standard soil and sediment samples we used exhibited significant differences (ranging from 0.41 to 1.60).

Conclusion

The dilute acetic acid (HOAc, 0.5 mol/L) is advisable for the extraction of carbonate components from soils and sediments, and the pre-treatment of removing exchangeable components is essential for samples with low carbonate content. It is more reasonable to use the element ratios of the dilute acid insoluble fraction or the average compositions of minerals in soils and sediments for individual correction for the contribution of the silicate components.

目的 土壤和沉积物中的碳酸盐成分在研究地表过程和重建古气候方面起着至关重要的作用。从土壤和沉积物中提取碳酸盐成分通常使用不同类型的酸。本研究对六种具有不同地质背景和不同碳酸盐含量的标准土壤和沉积物样品进行了一系列条件浸出实验。结果结果表明,稀醋酸(HOAc,0.5 mol/L)比酸性溶液(HCl)和醋酸缓冲溶液(NaOAc-HOAc)更能促进碳酸盐矿物的完全溶解,避免粘土矿物的溶解。此外,还发现用中性醋酸铵缓冲溶液(NH4OAc)或氯化钾缓冲溶液(KCl)对样品进行预处理对于去除可交换成分是必要的。结论 用稀醋酸(HOAc,0.5 mol/L)萃取土壤和沉积物中的碳酸盐成分是可取的,而去除可交换成分的预处理对于碳酸盐含量低的样品是必不可少的。使用稀酸不溶部分的元素比率或土壤和沉积物中矿物的平均成分对硅酸盐成分的贡献进行单独校正更为合理。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Soils and Sediments
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