The radionuclides pollution base on MMs (metals and metalloids) near uranium mines has been drawing broad attention, but the extent of their impact on soil and human health is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and health risk assessments of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40 K base on MMs (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in different surface soils near an uranium mine.
Materials and methods
Surface soil samples were extracted from 35 representative sites near the Lefu uranium mine. Radionuclides and MMs were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) N-type coaxial detector and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively. Pollution status was evaluated using DR, Raeq, AEDE, Hext, and ELCR for radionuclides and Pi, Igeo, RI and health risk index for MMs. Their correlation was analyzed through Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis.
Results and discussion
The average activity concentration of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K are 504, 1227, 118, and 769 Bq·kg−1 respectively and the average concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb are 200, 33.9, 41.3, 132, 18.4, 0.26, and 78.7 mg·kg−1, respectively. Values of DR, Raeq, AEDE, Hext, and ELCR all exceed the world average to varying degrees and values of Pi, Igeo, RI and the health risk index are within the acceptable ranges. Correlation analyses showed that 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and Pb are strongly correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.6) with each other.
Conclusions
On the basis of the obtained values, it can be concluded that generally higher radionuclides and MMs were distributed near the Lefu uranium. There are potential health risks associated with the elevated radioactivity. The overall situation of MMs is controllable, however, particular attention is warranted for Cr and Cd, as they approach values-at-risk. The strong correlations between 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and Pb imply a uniform pollution level or a possible shared source.
{"title":"MMs (metals and metalloids) based 238U, 226Ra, 232Th,40 K contamination and health risk assessments in different surface soils near an uranium mine of Southeast China","authors":"Yanhe Guan, Zhongkui Zhou, Yadan Guo, Renyu Zeng, Jingying Chen, Zhanxue Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03880-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03880-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The radionuclides pollution base on MMs (metals and metalloids) near uranium mines has been drawing broad attention, but the extent of their impact on soil and human health is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and health risk assessments of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and <sup>40</sup> K base on MMs (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in different surface soils near an uranium mine.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Surface soil samples were extracted from 35 representative sites near the Lefu uranium mine. Radionuclides and MMs were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) N-type coaxial detector and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively. Pollution status was evaluated using D<sub>R</sub>, Ra<sub>eq</sub>, AEDE, H<sub>ext</sub>, and ELCR for radionuclides and P<sub>i</sub>, I<sub>geo</sub>, RI and health risk index for MMs. Their correlation was analyzed through Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The average activity concentration of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup> K are 504, 1227, 118, and 769 Bq·kg<sup>−1</sup> respectively and the average concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb are 200, 33.9, 41.3, 132, 18.4, 0.26, and 78.7 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Values of D<sub>R</sub>, Ra<sub>eq</sub>, AEDE, H<sub>ext</sub>, and ELCR all exceed the world average to varying degrees and values of P<sub>i</sub>, I<sub>geo</sub>, RI and the health risk index are within the acceptable ranges. Correlation analyses showed that <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and Pb are strongly correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.6) with each other.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>On the basis of the obtained values, it can be concluded that generally higher radionuclides and MMs were distributed near the Lefu uranium. There are potential health risks associated with the elevated radioactivity. The overall situation of MMs is controllable, however, particular attention is warranted for Cr and Cd, as they approach values-at-risk. The strong correlations between <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and Pb imply a uniform pollution level or a possible shared source.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The river-lake ecotone in lake ecosystems can strongly influence sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes in river-lake ecotone ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the rates of sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes in Poyang Lake and clarify the mechanisms and environmental implications of these processes.
Materials and methods
Sediment samples from five river-lake ecotones and lake ecosystems were collected from Poyang Lake, China. Sediment nitrate reduction and N2O production rates were measured using 15N isotope tracing experiments. The abundance of denitrifiers, anammox 16S rRNA bacteria, and nrfA genes was quantified using the polymerase chain reaction method. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and stepwise linear regression were used to evaluate the mechanisms of sediment nitrate reduction processes.
Results and discussion
Sediments in the river-lake ecotone showed significantly higher denitrification (DEN), N2O production, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anammox rates compared to lake ecosystems. DEN was the dominant process contributing to nitrate reduction, accounting for 73.36% and 74.13% in the river-lake ecotone and lake ecosystem, respectively. DEN, N2O, and DNRA rates were significantly positively correlated with TOC, sulfide, and Fe2+ contents, which control the abundance of denitrifying and nrfA genes, ultimately increasing these rates.
Conclusion
The annual input of reactive N to the lake from the watershed is almost equivalent to the annual N removal. However, higher DNRA and N2O production rates indicate that approximately 23.59% of the annual N input to the lake may be transformed to NH4+ or N2O. N retention and N2O production in the river-lake ecotone significantly exceed those in the lake ecosystem, highlighting the ecotone as a hotspot for eutrophication risk and N2O emissions.
{"title":"Sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes in the river-lake ecotone of Poyang Lake, China: Mechanisms and environmental implications","authors":"Yinghui Jiang, Zhenglei Xie, Mingjun Ding, Hua Zhang, Gaoxiang Huang, Yun Cao, Guoyu Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03890-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03890-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The river-lake ecotone in lake ecosystems can strongly influence sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes in river-lake ecotone ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the rates of sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes in Poyang Lake and clarify the mechanisms and environmental implications of these processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Sediment samples from five river-lake ecotones and lake ecosystems were collected from Poyang Lake, China. Sediment nitrate reduction and N<sub>2</sub>O production rates were measured using <sup>15</sup>N isotope tracing experiments. The abundance of denitrifiers, anammox 16S rRNA bacteria, and <i>nrfA</i> genes was quantified using the polymerase chain reaction method. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and stepwise linear regression were used to evaluate the mechanisms of sediment nitrate reduction processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Sediments in the river-lake ecotone showed significantly higher denitrification (DEN), N<sub>2</sub>O production, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anammox rates compared to lake ecosystems. DEN was the dominant process contributing to nitrate reduction, accounting for 73.36% and 74.13% in the river-lake ecotone and lake ecosystem, respectively. DEN, N<sub>2</sub>O, and DNRA rates were significantly positively correlated with TOC, sulfide, and Fe<sup>2+</sup> contents, which control the abundance of denitrifying and <i>nrfA</i> genes, ultimately increasing these rates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The annual input of reactive N to the lake from the watershed is almost equivalent to the annual N removal. However, higher DNRA and N<sub>2</sub>O production rates indicate that approximately 23.59% of the annual N input to the lake may be transformed to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> or N<sub>2</sub>O. N retention and N<sub>2</sub>O production in the river-lake ecotone significantly exceed those in the lake ecosystem, highlighting the ecotone as a hotspot for eutrophication risk and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With ongoing global warming, the carbon (C) balance of Arctic ecosystems has become a ‘hot’ topic; however, C stocks and fluxes in the soil of Arctic cities remain overlooked. The research aimed to estimate wintertime soil respiration and its contribution to the cumulative annual CO2 emission from urban and natural soil of Apatity town in the Russian Arctic zone.
Materials and methods
Soil respiration and microclimatic parameters (i.e., air temperature, soil temperature at 0 cm, 7 cm and 20 cm, and snow height) were observed from November 2020 until May 2023 at two urban (UR) sites (UR1 was in the town centre, and UR2 was in the town’s outskirts) in comparison to the natural forested area. Soil chemical (i.e., bulk density, pHw, contents of available P, total C, N, bulk contents of Cu and Ni) and microbial (i.e., Cmic, BR, qCO2, number of rRNA gene copies and community-level physiological profile) properties were analysed to explain patterns in soil respiration.
Results
A thicker snow layer and warmer soil temperature at the urban sites determined a higher than at the natural site cumulative annual soil CO2 efflux. The wintertime and snowy-period respiration accounted for 20% and 50% of the cumulative annual soil CO2 efflux, respectively, with remarkable spikes during the thawing period. The high variation in soil respiration between urban sites was explained by different states of microbial communities, with higher activity shown for younger and more intensively managed soil at the UR2 site.
Conclusion
An adequate estimate of soil C balance in Arctic cities must consider the wintertime soil respiration as an essential part of the cumulative annual CO2 efflux, whereas monitoring points inside the cities represent the gradient in mesoclimatic conditions driven by the urban heat island effect as well as the age and management of urban soils.
{"title":"The effect of urbanisation on wintertime soil respiration in the Russian Arctic","authors":"Natalya Saltan, Viacheslav Vasenev, Maria Korneykova, Marina Slukovskaya, Marina Zavodskikh, Dmitrii Sarzhanov","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03885-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>With ongoing global warming, the carbon (C) balance of Arctic ecosystems has become a ‘hot’ topic; however, C stocks and fluxes in the soil of Arctic cities remain overlooked. The research aimed to estimate wintertime soil respiration and its contribution to the cumulative annual CO<sub>2</sub> emission from urban and natural soil of Apatity town in the Russian Arctic zone.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Soil respiration and microclimatic parameters (i.e., air temperature, soil temperature at 0 cm, 7 cm and 20 cm, and snow height) were observed from November 2020 until May 2023 at two urban (UR) sites (UR1 was in the town centre, and UR2 was in the town’s outskirts) in comparison to the natural forested area. Soil chemical (i.e., bulk density, pH<sub>w</sub>, contents of available P, total C, N, bulk contents of Cu and Ni) and microbial (i.e., C<sub>mic</sub>, BR, qCO<sub>2</sub>, number of rRNA gene copies and community-level physiological profile) properties were analysed to explain patterns in soil respiration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A thicker snow layer and warmer soil temperature at the urban sites determined a higher than at the natural site cumulative annual soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux. The wintertime and snowy-period respiration accounted for 20% and 50% of the cumulative annual soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux, respectively, with remarkable spikes during the thawing period. The high variation in soil respiration between urban sites was explained by different states of microbial communities, with higher activity shown for younger and more intensively managed soil at the UR2 site.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>An adequate estimate of soil C balance in Arctic cities must consider the wintertime soil respiration as an essential part of the cumulative annual CO<sub>2</sub> efflux, whereas monitoring points inside the cities represent the gradient in mesoclimatic conditions driven by the urban heat island effect as well as the age and management of urban soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-25DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03886-8
Xiao Wang, Jianli Ding, Lijing Han, Jiao Tan, Xiangyu Ge
Purpose
Prediction of soil particle content is essential for soil texture classification, soil management and agricultural production. This study aimed to achieve high-accuracy predictions of soil particle content in the Ogan-Kucha River Oasis using hyperspectral data and environmental variables.
Materials and methods
We collected 62 representative surface soil samples (depth: 0–10 cm), and conducting indoor soil particle content and spectral measurements. The relationship between environmental variables and soil particle content was analyzed using the Boruta algorithm, and seven three-band spectral indices (TBIs) were constructed using an optimal band algorithm. By integrating environmental covariates and TBIs, soil particle inversion models were developed using the extreme learning machine (ELM), backpropagation neural networks (BP), neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-BP), and neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm enhanced by Sine chaos mapping (Sine-SSA-BP).
Results and discussion
The results demonstrated that (1) the Boruta algorithm identified key environmental covariates that affect specific soil particle components; (2) there was significant variation in the correlation between different TBIs and soil particle content, with absolute correlation coefficients ranging from 0.225 to 0.852; (3) the estimation models established by the four machine learning algorithms performed well in predicting soil particle content, particularly for silt (R2: 0.664–0.858, RMSE: 11.107–17.128) and clay (R2: 0.444–0.857, RMSE: 0.550–1.405), for which higher accuracy was achieved; and (4) compared with the traditional ELM (R2: 0.422–0.664), BP (R2: 0.487–0.673) and SSA-BP models (R2: 0.625–0.777), the Sine-SSA-BP model showed a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, with the highest R2 reaching 0.858.
Conclusion
Compared to the traditional ELM, BP and SSA-BP models, the Sine-SSA-BP model significantly excelled in predicting soil particle content, offering innovative insights and robust support for soil texture classification and management.
{"title":"Enhancing soil particle content prediction accuracy: advanced hyperspectral analysis and machine learning models","authors":"Xiao Wang, Jianli Ding, Lijing Han, Jiao Tan, Xiangyu Ge","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03886-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03886-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Prediction of soil particle content is essential for soil texture classification, soil management and agricultural production. This study aimed to achieve high-accuracy predictions of soil particle content in the Ogan-Kucha River Oasis using hyperspectral data and environmental variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We collected 62 representative surface soil samples (depth: 0–10 cm), and conducting indoor soil particle content and spectral measurements. The relationship between environmental variables and soil particle content was analyzed using the Boruta algorithm, and seven three-band spectral indices (TBIs) were constructed using an optimal band algorithm. By integrating environmental covariates and TBIs, soil particle inversion models were developed using the extreme learning machine (ELM), backpropagation neural networks (BP), neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-BP), and neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm enhanced by Sine chaos mapping (Sine-SSA-BP).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results demonstrated that (1) the Boruta algorithm identified key environmental covariates that affect specific soil particle components; (2) there was significant variation in the correlation between different TBIs and soil particle content, with absolute correlation coefficients ranging from 0.225 to 0.852; (3) the estimation models established by the four machine learning algorithms performed well in predicting soil particle content, particularly for silt (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup>: 0.664–0.858, RMSE: 11.107–17.128) and clay (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup>: 0.444–0.857, RMSE: 0.550–1.405), for which higher accuracy was achieved; and (4) compared with the traditional ELM (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup>: 0.422–0.664), BP (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup>: 0.487–0.673) and SSA-BP models (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup>: 0.625–0.777), the Sine-SSA-BP model showed a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, with the highest <i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> reaching 0.858.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Compared to the traditional ELM, BP and SSA-BP models, the Sine-SSA-BP model significantly excelled in predicting soil particle content, offering innovative insights and robust support for soil texture classification and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03889-5
Wang Li, Hanwen Huangdeng, Xiaofei Zhao, Bo Zu, Jiawen Li
Purpose
Microplastics may affect the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments primarily through direct adsorption. However, the potential of microplastics to alter the distribution of heavy metal chemical forms by interfering with the geochemical properties of sediments which may indirectly affect the bioavailability of heavy metals, has been overlooked. This study investigated the impact of two widely used biodegradable microplastics, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), on the distribution of cadmium (Cd2+) in cadmium-contaminated sediments.
Methods
Varying concentrations and particle sizes of PLA and PHA were added to Cd-pre-contaminated sediment and incubated under simulated submersion conditions for 60 days. The distribution of Cd2+ fraction in the sediment was determined, and the influence of biodegradable microplastics on cadmium mobility, through the regulation of sediment geochemical properties, was assessed.
Results
Compared to the control group, the pH value and organic matter content of sediments treated with biodegradable microplastics significantly decreased, which in turn caused a transformation in the chemical form of cadmium. Higher concentrations and smaller particle sizes significantly promote a shift in cadmium components toward acid-soluble forms, thereby enhancing the mobility of cadmium in sediments, thereby amplifying its environmental toxicity.
Conclusion
These results emphasize the potential of biodegradable microplastics to indirectly affect the mobility of cadmium by regulating sediment geochemical properties.
{"title":"Polylactic acid microplastics and polyhydroxyalkanoate microplastics affect cadmium mobility by regulating sediment geochemical properties","authors":"Wang Li, Hanwen Huangdeng, Xiaofei Zhao, Bo Zu, Jiawen Li","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03889-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03889-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Microplastics may affect the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments primarily through direct adsorption. However, the potential of microplastics to alter the distribution of heavy metal chemical forms by interfering with the geochemical properties of sediments which may indirectly affect the bioavailability of heavy metals, has been overlooked. This study investigated the impact of two widely used biodegradable microplastics, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), on the distribution of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) in cadmium-contaminated sediments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Varying concentrations and particle sizes of PLA and PHA were added to Cd-pre-contaminated sediment and incubated under simulated submersion conditions for 60 days. The distribution of Cd<sup>2+</sup> fraction in the sediment was determined, and the influence of biodegradable microplastics on cadmium mobility, through the regulation of sediment geochemical properties, was assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to the control group, the pH value and organic matter content of sediments treated with biodegradable microplastics significantly decreased, which in turn caused a transformation in the chemical form of cadmium. Higher concentrations and smaller particle sizes significantly promote a shift in cadmium components toward acid-soluble forms, thereby enhancing the mobility of cadmium in sediments, thereby amplifying its environmental toxicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These results emphasize the potential of biodegradable microplastics to indirectly affect the mobility of cadmium by regulating sediment geochemical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03888-6
Yang Liu, Yaqing Gao, Bin Liu, Xinwen Cao, Jiawei Chen
Purpose
Wind-induced erosion is a serious problem that yields soil degradation and environmental pollution. Biocementation technologies have shown potential for sand fixation and wind erosion control in deserts and arid regions. The topic of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of biocementation against wind-induced erosion with different treatment processes.
Methods
Biocementation was achieved through soybean-urease induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Three different volumes of treatment solution were used to treat sand specimens by spraying, mixing and the combination methods in this study. The characteristics of sprayed and mixed crust were shown, and the properties of all the biotreated specimens including CaCO3 distribution, wind erosion rate, and penetration resistance were measured.
Results
The carbonate content in the soil increased with the amount of treatment solution. At the same dosage, the spraying method concentrated 1.0%-1.4% CaCO3 in the surface soil, while the mixing method generated 0.8% CaCO3 in a uniform spatial distribution. The top-concentrated CaCO3 resulted in a lower initial wind erosion rate of the sprayed specimen. The overall reinforcement of the soil by the mixing method produced higher penetration resistance and inhibited the development of wind erosion. The combination of the two methods increased penetration resistance to 200 N and reduced the wind erosion rate to almost 0 g·m−2·min−1.
Conclusion
The spraying and mixing methods induced different distribution patterns of CaCO3 precipitations in soil, leading to varying biocementation effectiveness. To resist severe and continuous wind-induced erosion, a combination of the two methods can be considered to improve the uniformity and strength of biocementation within a certain depth of the soil.
{"title":"Biocementation for desert sand against wind-induced erosion with different treatment processes","authors":"Yang Liu, Yaqing Gao, Bin Liu, Xinwen Cao, Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03888-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03888-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Wind-induced erosion is a serious problem that yields soil degradation and environmental pollution. Biocementation technologies have shown potential for sand fixation and wind erosion control in deserts and arid regions. The topic of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of biocementation against wind-induced erosion with different treatment processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Biocementation was achieved through soybean-urease induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Three different volumes of treatment solution were used to treat sand specimens by spraying, mixing and the combination methods in this study. The characteristics of sprayed and mixed crust were shown, and the properties of all the biotreated specimens including CaCO<sub>3</sub> distribution, wind erosion rate, and penetration resistance were measured.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The carbonate content in the soil increased with the amount of treatment solution. At the same dosage, the spraying method concentrated 1.0%-1.4% CaCO<sub>3</sub> in the surface soil, while the mixing method generated 0.8% CaCO<sub>3</sub> in a uniform spatial distribution. The top-concentrated CaCO<sub>3</sub> resulted in a lower initial wind erosion rate of the sprayed specimen. The overall reinforcement of the soil by the mixing method produced higher penetration resistance and inhibited the development of wind erosion. The combination of the two methods increased penetration resistance to 200 N and reduced the wind erosion rate to almost 0 g·m<sup>−2</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The spraying and mixing methods induced different distribution patterns of CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitations in soil, leading to varying biocementation effectiveness. To resist severe and continuous wind-induced erosion, a combination of the two methods can be considered to improve the uniformity and strength of biocementation within a certain depth of the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prerequisite for the successful application of phytoliths in paleoenvironmental reconstruction is the correct interpretation of their environmental significance. In this context, key questions include: What magnitude of temperature/precipitation change is required to effect significant changes in surface soil phytolith percentages? When temperature/precipitation increases by a certain amount, what is the corresponding response of the percentages and assemblages of surface soil phytoliths? Additional detailed research is required to answer these questions.
Materials and methods
We analyzed the phytoliths in 90 surface soil samples collected along the isohyets corresponding to the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 400 mm (with the mean annual temperature (MAT) range of 3.24℃) and 600 mm (with the MAT range of 8.29℃) in Northeast China. Our objective was to determine the response of phytoliths to different temperature gradients. Soil phytoliths were extracted and identified using heavy liquid separation and microscope observations.
Results
The DA of the phytolith percentages enabled the separation of samples collected along the two isohyets, with a total accuracy of 94.44%. MAT was the principal factor affecting the spatial distribution of phytoliths, with an explanation rate of 46.40%. In the surface soil samples collected along the two isohyets, the percentages of ELONGATE, ACUTE BULBOSUS, and PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE morphotypes, were significantly negatively correlated with MAT, while the percentages of SQUARE were significantly positively correlated with MAT. However, the relationship between PAPILLATE percentages and MAT varied, showing both positive and negative correlations. A temperature gradient of ~ 3℃ was insufficient to significantly affect the percentages of SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and BILOBATE. The phytolith index (C/W) can be effectively used to reconstruct the palaeoclimate in Northeast China. An MAP change of 200 mm resulted in significant changes in the percentages of ELONGATE, SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and TRACHEARY (with the respective rates of 39.57%, 780.77%, 179.00% and 81.25%). However, the percentages of ACUTE BULBOSUS, SQUARE, RONDEL, BILOBATE, CRENATE, PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE, SILICIFIED STOMATA, and PAPILLATE did not change significantly.
Conclusions
Our results contribute to an improved understanding of the response of various phytolith morphotypes to temperature, and they provide a modern process basis for future phytolith-based paleoclimatic reconstruction in this region.
{"title":"A comparison of phytolith assemblages in surface soils along the 400-mm and 600-mm mean annual precipitation isohyets in Northeast China","authors":"Hongyan Liu, Dongmei Jie, Lidan Liu, Guizai Gao, Dehui Li, Nannan Li","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03879-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03879-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>A prerequisite for the successful application of phytoliths in paleoenvironmental reconstruction is the correct interpretation of their environmental significance. In this context, key questions include: What magnitude of temperature/precipitation change is required to effect significant changes in surface soil phytolith percentages? When temperature/precipitation increases by a certain amount, what is the corresponding response of the percentages and assemblages of surface soil phytoliths? Additional detailed research is required to answer these questions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We analyzed the phytoliths in 90 surface soil samples collected along the isohyets corresponding to the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 400 mm (with the mean annual temperature (MAT) range of 3.24℃) and 600 mm (with the MAT range of 8.29℃) in Northeast China. Our objective was to determine the response of phytoliths to different temperature gradients. Soil phytoliths were extracted and identified using heavy liquid separation and microscope observations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The DA of the phytolith percentages enabled the separation of samples collected along the two isohyets, with a total accuracy of 94.44%. MAT was the principal factor affecting the spatial distribution of phytoliths, with an explanation rate of 46.40%. In the surface soil samples collected along the two isohyets, the percentages of ELONGATE, ACUTE BULBOSUS, and PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE morphotypes, were significantly negatively correlated with MAT, while the percentages of SQUARE were significantly positively correlated with MAT. However, the relationship between PAPILLATE percentages and MAT varied, showing both positive and negative correlations. A temperature gradient of ~ 3℃ was insufficient to significantly affect the percentages of SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and BILOBATE. The phytolith index (C/W) can be effectively used to reconstruct the palaeoclimate in Northeast China. An MAP change of 200 mm resulted in significant changes in the percentages of ELONGATE, SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and TRACHEARY (with the respective rates of 39.57%, 780.77%, 179.00% and 81.25%). However, the percentages of ACUTE BULBOSUS, SQUARE, RONDEL, BILOBATE, CRENATE, PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE, SILICIFIED STOMATA, and PAPILLATE did not change significantly.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results contribute to an improved understanding of the response of various phytolith morphotypes to temperature, and they provide a modern process basis for future phytolith-based paleoclimatic reconstruction in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alkali activation process has been applied to fresh river clay-rich sediments in order to increase their mechanical properties and make them suitable for soil stabilization.
Materials and methods
Dredged sediments were mixed with up to 30 mass percent (ma%) of fly ash (FA) or ladle slag (LS) and after curing for 3 days at 60 °C, the bending and compressive strength have been determined. The mixtures which exhibited the highest strengths were further optimized for being used in soil stabilization. For this purpose, the sediment was stabilized with 4 ma% of quicklime (QL) and after 1 h 30 ma% of FA with alkali activator was added and cured for 1, 7 and 28 days.
Results
The stabilized sediment has a significantely better geomechanical performance in comparison with the sediment alone. Stabilizing the dredged sediment using alkali activation technology provides high enough strengths to eventually make it suitable for anti-flood embankments.
Conclusions
The results confirmed the suitability of the investigated technology for soil stabilization.
{"title":"Stabilization of river dredged sediments by means of alkali activation technology","authors":"Karmen Fifer Bizjak, Lea Žibret, Mojca Božič, Boštjan Gregorc, Vilma Ducman","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03872-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03872-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Alkali activation process has been applied to fresh river clay-rich sediments in order to increase their mechanical properties and make them suitable for soil stabilization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Dredged sediments were mixed with up to 30 mass percent (ma%) of fly ash (FA) or ladle slag (LS) and after curing for 3 days at 60 °C, the bending and compressive strength have been determined. The mixtures which exhibited the highest strengths were further optimized for being used in soil stabilization. For this purpose, the sediment was stabilized with 4 ma% of quicklime (QL) and after 1 h 30 ma% of FA with alkali activator was added and cured for 1, 7 and 28 days.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The stabilized sediment has a significantely better geomechanical performance in comparison with the sediment alone. Stabilizing the dredged sediment using alkali activation technology provides high enough strengths to eventually make it suitable for anti-flood embankments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results confirmed the suitability of the investigated technology for soil stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03884-w
Romy Patricia Díaz-Pérez, Eleno Uriel Sanjuan-Meza, José de Jesús Mejía-Saavedra, César Arturo Ilizaliturri-Hernández, Israel Razo-Soto, Alejandra Abigail Berumen-Rodríguez, Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic potential of mining residues by 1) evaluating the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in soil and earthworm’s samples from impacted and reference sites in Charcas and Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosí, México; and 2) evaluating effects by laboratory bioassays and the comet assay in the earthworm Eisenia andrei.
Methods
The quantification of metals in soils was carried out by the Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t Gold Serie 500 environmental analyzer for X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and in the earthworm tissue through ICP-MS. The evaluation of the genotoxic potential of soils was assessed through movility and exposure bioassays with earthworms, determining DNA damage using the comet assay at the end of the bioassays.
Results
In Charcas, the concentrations in soils of heavy metals from highest to lowest were: Pb > Cu > Mn > Cd (Impacted); and Mn > Pb (Reference). In Villa de la Paz, the concentrations were: As > Mn > Cu > Pb (Impacted) and Mn > Pb > As (Reference). The exposure pattern to heavy metals in earthworms in Charcas was: Pb > As (Impacted and Reference); and in Villa de la Paz it was: As > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd (Impacted), y Pb > As (Reference). In both mining districts, the magnitude of DNA damage in earthworms was: Impacted > Reference > Control.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the impacted soils of both sites represent a significant source of exposure to edaphic organisms, with a notable genotoxic potential.
目的本研究旨在通过以下方法评估采矿残留物的毒性潜力：1）评估墨西哥圣路易斯波托西州查尔卡斯和 Villa de la Paz 受影响地区和参照地区的土壤和蚯蚓样本中重金属和砷的浓度；2）通过实验室生物测定和彗星试验评估对蚯蚓 Eisenia andrei 的影响。方法利用 Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t Gold Serie 500 环境分析仪的 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 对土壤中的金属进行定量，并利用 ICP-MS 对蚯蚓组织中的金属进行定量。对土壤遗传毒性潜力的评估是通过蚯蚓活动性和暴露生物测定进行的，在生物测定结束时使用彗星测定法确定 DNA 损伤情况：铅、铜、锰、镉（受影响）和锰、铅（参考）。在 Villa de la Paz，浓度分别为砷、锰、铜、铅（受影响）和锰、铅、砷（参考）。查尔卡斯的蚯蚓接触重金属的模式为Pb > As（受影响和参考）；而在 Villa de la Paz 则是：As > Mn > As（受影响和参考）：As > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd（受影响），y Pb > As（参考）。在这两个矿区，蚯蚓的 DNA 损伤程度分别为结果表明，这两个矿区受影响的土壤是环境生物的重要暴露源，具有显著的遗传毒性潜力。
{"title":"Toxic potential of the soil from sites with mining waste in San Luis Potosí, Mexico","authors":"Romy Patricia Díaz-Pérez, Eleno Uriel Sanjuan-Meza, José de Jesús Mejía-Saavedra, César Arturo Ilizaliturri-Hernández, Israel Razo-Soto, Alejandra Abigail Berumen-Rodríguez, Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03884-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03884-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic potential of mining residues by 1) evaluating the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in soil and earthworm’s samples from impacted and reference sites in Charcas and Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosí, México; and 2) evaluating effects by laboratory bioassays and the comet assay in the earthworm <i>Eisenia andrei</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The quantification of metals in soils was carried out by the Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t Gold Serie 500 environmental analyzer for X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and in the earthworm tissue through ICP-MS. The evaluation of the genotoxic potential of soils was assessed through movility and exposure bioassays with earthworms, determining DNA damage using the comet assay at the end of the bioassays.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In Charcas, the concentrations in soils of heavy metals from highest to lowest were: Pb > Cu > Mn > Cd (Impacted); and Mn > Pb (Reference). In Villa de la Paz, the concentrations were: As > Mn > Cu > Pb (Impacted) and Mn > Pb > As (Reference). The exposure pattern to heavy metals in earthworms in Charcas was: Pb > As (Impacted and Reference); and in Villa de la Paz it was: As > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd (Impacted), y Pb > As (Reference). In both mining districts, the magnitude of DNA damage in earthworms was: Impacted > Reference > Control.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results indicate that the impacted soils of both sites represent a significant source of exposure to edaphic organisms, with a notable genotoxic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03887-7
Zhengfeng An, Cole D. Gross, Xinli Chen, Edward W. Bork, Cameron N. Carlyle, Scott X. Chang
Purpose
The influence of organic amendments on the interplay among soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) and their stoichiometry (EES) and nutrient availabilities, key indicators of resource limitations for soil microbes, is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate how manure compost (hereafter “manure”) and its biochar derivative affect EEAs, EES and soil fertility.
Materials and methods
We studied EEAs (BG, β-glucosidase; CBH, cellobiohydrolase; LAP, Leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and AP, acid phosphatase), EES and soil fertility two years post-application of manure and biochar in central Alberta, Canada.
Results and discussion
Applying manure and its biochar did not affect soil permanganate oxidable carbon (C), total phosphorus (P), and available P and nitroegn (N). Manure application increased NAG activity by 13.9% (75.9 nmol h−1 g−1 soil) relative to the control (66.6 nmol h−1 g−1 soil), whereas biochar application increased LAP activity by 22.1% (64.6 nmol h−1 g−1 soil) compared to the manure treatment (52.9 nmol h−1 g−1 soil), suggesting that manure addition caused microbial C limitation, while biochar addition led to microbial N limitation. However, both manure and biochar treatments did not affect soil NAG, CBH and AP, and enzymatic C:N, C:P, and N:P stoichiometry. Manure and biochar and their interactions with the soil ultimately affect soil physicochemical properties.
Conclusions
Manure and its biochar differentially altered some soil N-cycling EEAs and C and N limitations two years after their applications.
目的 人们对有机添加剂对土壤胞外酶活性（EEAs）及其化学计量（EES）和养分利用率（土壤微生物资源限制的关键指标）之间相互作用的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨粪肥堆肥（以下简称 "粪肥"）及其生物炭衍生物如何影响 EEAs、EES 和土壤肥力。材料与方法我们在加拿大阿尔伯塔省中部研究了施用粪肥和生物炭两年后的 EEAs（BG，β-葡萄糖苷酶；CBH，纤维生物水解酶；LAP，亮氨酸氨肽酶；NAG，β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基糖苷酶；AP，酸性磷酸酶）、EES 和土壤肥力。结果与讨论施用粪肥及其生物炭不会影响土壤中的高锰酸盐氧化碳（C）、总磷（P）、可利用磷和硝基氮（N）。与对照组（66.6 nmol h-1 g-1 土壤）相比，施用粪肥使 NAG 活性提高了 13.9% （75.9 nmol h-1 g-1 土壤），而与粪肥处理（52.9 nmol h-1 g-1 土壤）相比，施用生物炭使 LAP 活性提高了 22.1% （64.6 nmol h-1 g-1 土壤），这表明施用粪肥导致了微生物的 C 限制，而施用生物炭则导致了微生物的 N 限制。然而，粪肥和生物炭处理并不影响土壤中的 NAG、CBH 和 AP 以及酶促 C:N、C:P 和 N:P 的化学计量。粪肥和生物炭及其与土壤的相互作用最终会影响土壤理化性质。
{"title":"Manure and its biochar affect activities and stoichiometry of soil extracellular enzymes in croplands","authors":"Zhengfeng An, Cole D. Gross, Xinli Chen, Edward W. Bork, Cameron N. Carlyle, Scott X. Chang","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03887-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03887-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The influence of organic amendments on the interplay among soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) and their stoichiometry (EES) and nutrient availabilities, key indicators of resource limitations for soil microbes, is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate how manure compost (hereafter “manure”) and its biochar derivative affect EEAs, EES and soil fertility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We studied EEAs (BG, β-glucosidase; CBH, cellobiohydrolase; LAP, Leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and AP, acid phosphatase), EES and soil fertility two years post-application of manure and biochar in central Alberta, Canada.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Applying manure and its biochar did not affect soil permanganate oxidable carbon (C), total phosphorus (P), and available P and nitroegn (N). Manure application increased NAG activity by 13.9% (75.9 nmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> soil) relative to the control (66.6 nmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> soil), whereas biochar application increased LAP activity by 22.1% (64.6 nmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> soil) compared to the manure treatment (52.9 nmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> soil), suggesting that manure addition caused microbial C limitation, while biochar addition led to microbial N limitation. However, both manure and biochar treatments did not affect soil NAG, CBH and AP, and enzymatic C:N, C:P, and N:P stoichiometry. Manure and biochar and their interactions with the soil ultimately affect soil physicochemical properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Manure and its biochar differentially altered some soil N-cycling EEAs and C and N limitations two years after their applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号