Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03848-0
Wuqiong Hu, Dafeng Hui, Chaohe Huangfu
Purpose
Subtropical lake riparian ecosystems experience seasonal water table fluctuations and increased nitrogen (N) deposition with changing N composition. However, the interplay of soil water content (SWC), N deposition chemical composition, and their interaction on plant growth through regulating N acquisition remains poorly understood.
Methods
In this controlled experiment with a sedge species Carex thunbergii, we investigated two treatment factors: (1) SWC at 100%, 60%, and 30% of field capacity, combined with (2) N treatments with NH4+:NO3− ratios of 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1. Treatment verifications were conducted using 15N isotope tracer (15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3) technology.
Results
Results showed a notable trend of reduced biomass of C. thunbergii with increasing NH4+: NO3− ratio, especially under high SWC conditions. This negative effect of a high NH4+: NO3− ratio on plant biomass accumulation also aligned with reduced N use efficiency (NUE). Conversely, C. thunbergii exhibited accelerated N uptake with increasing SWC, with the most pronounced response observed in the treatment of NH4+: NO3− ratio of 3:1. Principal component analyses provided evidence for SWC-dominated functional coordination between plant below- and aboveground parts in mediating plant N acquisition, while correlation analyses revealed that NUE mainly contributed to belowground productivity of C. thunbergii.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that manipulating water table (as a proxy of SWC) and managing soil NH4+: NO3− ratios could optimize the productivity of this sedge species in riparian ecosystem. The coordination of leaf-root trait highlights the necessity to integrate above- and belowground traits for a comprehensive understanding of plant N acquisition strategies. Understanding plant N acquisition and use efficiency may help us better predict the potential impacts of future climate change components on ecosystem functions.
{"title":"Soil water status dominates growth and nitrogen acquisition strategy of Carex thunbergii in response to nitrogen and water additions","authors":"Wuqiong Hu, Dafeng Hui, Chaohe Huangfu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03848-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03848-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Subtropical lake riparian ecosystems experience seasonal water table fluctuations and increased nitrogen (N) deposition with changing N composition. However, the interplay of soil water content (SWC), N deposition chemical composition, and their interaction on plant growth through regulating N acquisition remains poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this controlled experiment with a sedge species <i>Carex thunbergii</i>, we investigated two treatment factors: (1) SWC at 100%, 60%, and 30% of field capacity, combined with (2) N treatments with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ratios of 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1. Treatment verifications were conducted using <sup>15</sup>N isotope tracer (<sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3 </sub>and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>) technology.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results showed a notable trend of reduced biomass of <i>C. thunbergii</i> with increasing NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>: NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ratio, especially under high SWC conditions. This negative effect of a high NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>: NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ratio on plant biomass accumulation also aligned with reduced N use efficiency (NUE). Conversely, <i>C. thunbergii</i> exhibited accelerated N uptake with increasing SWC, with the most pronounced response observed in the treatment of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>: NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ratio of 3:1. Principal component analyses provided evidence for SWC-dominated functional coordination between plant below- and aboveground parts in mediating plant N acquisition, while correlation analyses revealed that NUE mainly contributed to belowground productivity of <i>C. thunbergii</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that manipulating water table (as a proxy of SWC) and managing soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>: NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ratios could optimize the productivity of this sedge species in riparian ecosystem. The coordination of leaf-root trait highlights the necessity to integrate above- and belowground traits for a comprehensive understanding of plant N acquisition strategies. Understanding plant N acquisition and use efficiency may help us better predict the potential impacts of future climate change components on ecosystem functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03806-w
Jijiao Ding, Jiming Hu
Purpose
To explore the soil heavy metal pollution around Wangchun Industrial Park and its health effects on people of different ages.
Methods
In this study, pollution assessment methods such as the ({I}_{geo}) and the Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index were used to assess the pollution status of six heavy metals Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Hg and As in 32 soil samples collected from Wangchun Industrial Park.
Results
Observed the average concentrations of the six heavy metals exceeded the background values of Ningshao Plain in four heavy metals, As, Ni, Cu, and Hg, but none of them exceeded the screening values of construction land. According to the analysis of local accumulation index and Nemero index, the order of soil pollution and heavy metal concentration is as follows: As > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. The The results of human health risk assessment, adult men, women, and children are at a higher risk of non-carcingenic from ingestion of HMs that are exposed to the route, children are the group at highest risk of As cancer.
Conclusions
Contamination of As, Ni and Cu in the soil of the study area has been primarily influenced by the mixing of nearby industrial activities and other human activities. The appropriate concentration ranges of As, Ni and Cu are as follows: As: 5.4–6 mg/kg, Ni: 21.51–32 mg/kg, Cu: 20.98–31.62 mg/kg, which have little impact on human health.
目的探讨望春工业园区周边土壤重金属污染及其对不同年龄人群健康的影响。方法采用污染评价方法（{I}_{geo}）和内梅罗综合污染指数（Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index）对望春工业园区32个土壤样品中的6种重金属Cd、Ni、Pb、Cu、Hg和As的污染状况进行评价。结果表明，六种重金属的平均浓度中，As、Ni、Cu、Hg 四种重金属超过了宁绍平原的背景值，但均未超过建设用地的筛选值。根据当地累积指数和内梅罗指数分析，土壤污染与重金属浓度的关系顺序如下As > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg。人体健康风险评估结果显示，成年男性、女性和儿童因摄入暴露于途径中的重金属而患非心血管疾病的风险较高，儿童是砷致癌风险最高的群体。砷、镍和铜的适当浓度范围如下：砷5.4-6毫克/千克、镍：21.51-32毫克/千克、铜：20.98-31.62毫克/千克，对人体健康影响不大。
{"title":"Soil heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment around Wangchun Industrial Park, Ningbo, China","authors":"Jijiao Ding, Jiming Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03806-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03806-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>To explore the soil heavy metal pollution around Wangchun Industrial Park and its health effects on people of different ages.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, pollution assessment methods such as the <span>({I}_{geo})</span> and the Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index were used to assess the pollution status of six heavy metals Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Hg and As in 32 soil samples collected from Wangchun Industrial Park.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Observed the average concentrations of the six heavy metals exceeded the background values of Ningshao Plain in four heavy metals, As, Ni, Cu, and Hg, but none of them exceeded the screening values of construction land. According to the analysis of local accumulation index and Nemero index, the order of soil pollution and heavy metal concentration is as follows: As > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. The The results of human health risk assessment, adult men, women, and children are at a higher risk of non-carcingenic from ingestion of HMs that are exposed to the route, children are the group at highest risk of As cancer.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Contamination of As, Ni and Cu in the soil of the study area has been primarily influenced by the mixing of nearby industrial activities and other human activities. The appropriate concentration ranges of As, Ni and Cu are as follows: As: 5.4–6 mg/kg, Ni: 21.51–32 mg/kg, Cu: 20.98–31.62 mg/kg, which have little impact on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03799-6
J. Gebert, F. Zander
Purpose
The share of microbially degradable sediment organic matter (SOM) and the degradation rate depend, among others, on the intrinsic properties of SOM as well as on the type and concentration of terminal electron acceptors (TEA). Next to its role as TEA, molecular oxygen enhances SOM decay by oxygenase-mediated breakdown of complex organic molecules. This research investigated long-term SOM decay (> 250 days) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to (1) provide a basis for sediment carbon flux estimates from the River Elbe estuary and (2) assess the potential for carbon burial in relation to redox conditions and dredging interventions.
Methods
Long-term aerobic and anaerobic SOM decay in fluid mud, pre-consolidated and consolidated sediment layers was investigated over three years along a transect of ca. 20 km through the Port of Hamburg, starting at the first hydrodynamically determined hotspot of sedimentation after the weir in Geesthacht. Absolute differences between aerobic and anaerobic cumulative carbon mineralization were calculated, as well as their ratio. Findings were correlated to a suite of solids and pore water properties.
Results
SOM decay followed first order multi-phase exponential decay kinetics. The ratio between C release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions ranged around 4 in the short-term, converging to a value of 2 in the long term. Strong gradients in absolute C release along the upstream–downstream transect did not reflect in a corresponding gradient of the aerobic-anaerobic ratio. C release was most strongly correlated to the water-soluble organic matter, in particular humic acids. Contact of anaerobically stabilized sediment with the oxygenated water phase induced significant release of carbon.
Conclusion
SOM degradability in the study area exhibited strong spatial gradients in relation to the organic matter source gradient but was mainly limited by the high extent of organic matter stabilization. Under these conditions, molecular oxygen as TEA provides little thermodynamic advantage. Carbon-sensitive sediment management, considering SOM reactivity patterns in stratified depositional areas, is a powerful strategy to reduce environmental impacts of dredging measures.
目的 微生物可降解沉积有机物（SOM）的比例和降解速率主要取决于 SOM 的内在特性以及末端电子受体（TEA）的类型和浓度。除了作为 TEA 的作用外，分子氧还能通过氧合酶介导的复杂有机分子的分解来促进 SOM 的降解。本研究调查了有氧和厌氧条件下 SOM 的长期衰变（250 天），目的是：（1）为易北河河口沉积物碳通量估算提供依据；（2）评估与氧化还原条件和疏浚干预有关的碳埋藏潜力。方法从 Geesthacht 堰塞湖后根据流体力学确定的第一个沉积热点开始，对流体泥浆、预固结和固结沉积层中长期好氧和厌氧 SOM 衰减情况进行了为期三年的调查。计算了有氧和厌氧累积碳矿化的绝对差异及其比率。结果SOM的衰减遵循一阶多相指数衰减动力学。有氧和厌氧条件下的碳释放比值在短期内约为 4，长期内趋近于 2。沿上游-下游横断面绝对碳释放量的强烈梯度并没有反映出好氧-厌氧比率的相应梯度。碳释放量与水溶性有机物，特别是腐殖酸的关系最为密切。厌氧稳定的沉积物与含氧水相接触会导致碳的大量释放。在这些条件下，分子氧作为三乙醇胺的热力学优势很小。考虑到分层沉积区中 SOM 的反应模式，对碳敏感的沉积物管理是减少疏浚措施对环境影响的有力策略。
{"title":"Aerobic and anaerobic mineralisation of sediment organic matter in the tidal River Elbe","authors":"J. Gebert, F. Zander","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03799-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03799-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The share of microbially degradable sediment organic matter (SOM) and the degradation rate depend, among others, on the intrinsic properties of SOM as well as on the type and concentration of terminal electron acceptors (TEA). Next to its role as TEA, molecular oxygen enhances SOM decay by oxygenase-mediated breakdown of complex organic molecules. This research investigated long-term SOM decay (> 250 days) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to (1) provide a basis for sediment carbon flux estimates from the River Elbe estuary and (2) assess the potential for carbon burial in relation to redox conditions and dredging interventions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Long-term aerobic and anaerobic SOM decay in fluid mud, pre-consolidated and consolidated sediment layers was investigated over three years along a transect of ca. 20 km through the Port of Hamburg, starting at the first hydrodynamically determined hotspot of sedimentation after the weir in Geesthacht. Absolute differences between aerobic and anaerobic cumulative carbon mineralization were calculated, as well as their ratio. Findings were correlated to a suite of solids and pore water properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>SOM decay followed first order multi-phase exponential decay kinetics. The ratio between C release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions ranged around 4 in the short-term, converging to a value of 2 in the long term. Strong gradients in absolute C release along the upstream–downstream transect did not reflect in a corresponding gradient of the aerobic-anaerobic ratio. C release was most strongly correlated to the water-soluble organic matter, in particular humic acids. Contact of anaerobically stabilized sediment with the oxygenated water phase induced significant release of carbon.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>SOM degradability in the study area exhibited strong spatial gradients in relation to the organic matter source gradient but was mainly limited by the high extent of organic matter stabilization. Under these conditions, molecular oxygen as TEA provides little thermodynamic advantage. Carbon-sensitive sediment management, considering SOM reactivity patterns in stratified depositional areas, is a powerful strategy to reduce environmental impacts of dredging measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03847-1
Arash Sepehri, Alex Kirichek, Solange van der Werff, Fedor Baart, Marcel van den Heuvel, Mark van Koningsveld
Purpose
Maintenance dredging can often hinder port operations resulting in waiting times for seagoing vessels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics between maintenance dredging activities and seagoing vessels, specifically focusing on how waiting times can be reduced. Then, the role of selecting different maintenance dredging strategies in reducing these waiting times is outlined.
Methods
The study analyzes historical automatic identification system (AIS) data to identify the interaction between maintenance dredging and seagoing vessels and quantify the hindrance periods for the Mississippihaven case study in the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The trajectories of the vessels are analyzed in a simple case to show how the vessels interact and how the waiting times are quantified. The interactions are checked with the Port of Rotterdam for different port calls to ensure that maintenance dredging was the reason for these delays.
Results
By analyzing the AIS data analysis of vessels in a given time window, the dredgers for maintenance work can be identified and their activities within or near the terminal can be determined. In addition, the waiting time of the seagoing vessel caused by the maintenance dredging is quantified at the terminal entrance.
Conclusion
The study discusses how the maintenance dredging operations could be improved by adjusting the loading and sailing phases of maintenance dredging and provides some theoretical and managerial insights. Alternative port maintenance strategies to minimize the waiting time caused by the hindrance are also discussed.
{"title":"Analyzing the interaction between maintenance dredging and seagoing vessels: a case study in the Port of Rotterdam","authors":"Arash Sepehri, Alex Kirichek, Solange van der Werff, Fedor Baart, Marcel van den Heuvel, Mark van Koningsveld","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03847-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03847-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Maintenance dredging can often hinder port operations resulting in waiting times for seagoing vessels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics between maintenance dredging activities and seagoing vessels, specifically focusing on how waiting times can be reduced. Then, the role of selecting different maintenance dredging strategies in reducing these waiting times is outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The study analyzes historical automatic identification system (AIS) data to identify the interaction between maintenance dredging and seagoing vessels and quantify the hindrance periods for the Mississippihaven case study in the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The trajectories of the vessels are analyzed in a simple case to show how the vessels interact and how the waiting times are quantified. The interactions are checked with the Port of Rotterdam for different port calls to ensure that maintenance dredging was the reason for these delays.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>By analyzing the AIS data analysis of vessels in a given time window, the dredgers for maintenance work can be identified and their activities within or near the terminal can be determined. In addition, the waiting time of the seagoing vessel caused by the maintenance dredging is quantified at the terminal entrance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The study discusses how the maintenance dredging operations could be improved by adjusting the loading and sailing phases of maintenance dredging and provides some theoretical and managerial insights. Alternative port maintenance strategies to minimize the waiting time caused by the hindrance are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03840-8
Xikai Wang, Suping Peng, Yunlan He, Zhenzhen Yu
Purpose
Over the past three decades, open-pit mining has been expanding in arid and semi-arid areas of China.Open-pit mining profoundly changes the soil environment and has a profound impact on the circulation of soil water in the aeration zone.Therefore, this research explores the impacts of open-pit coal mining on soil moisture processes in the semi-arid grasslands of Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–500 cm at Shengli No. 1 open-pit mine’s inner dump and a nearby natural grassland. These soil samples were analyzed for stable isotope characteristics (({delta ^2 H, delta ^{18} O})) and moisture content. Collection of underground water samples inside and outside the mining area for conductivity analysis.
Results and discussion
Soil evaporation loss in the mine’s inner dump was significantly higher than in the grassland, with rates of 22.26% for ({delta ^{18} O}) and 6.61% for ({delta ^2 H}). The limiting depth of soil evaporation at the mine was found to be 260 cm, compared to 200 cm in the grassland. The increased underground water conductivity in the mine area was linked to heightened soil evaporation loss. Isotopic profiling of the soil indicated that the open-pit mining led to deeper preferential flow infiltration during heavy precipitation, reaching 280 cm in the mine area versus 220 cm in the grassland.
Conclusions
The surface soil moisture content (SMC) increased due to mining activities intensified water-heat exchanges with the atmosphere, leading to more frequent and severe wet-dry cycles. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of open-pit mining’s impact on SMC, evaporation, and infiltration in semi-arid areas, offering critical insights for ecological reclamation and sustainable mine construction.
{"title":"Alterations in soil moisture dynamics due to open-pit coal mining semi-arid regions: Perceptions based on soil water stable isotopes and underground water conductivity analysis","authors":"Xikai Wang, Suping Peng, Yunlan He, Zhenzhen Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03840-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03840-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Over the past three decades, open-pit mining has been expanding in arid and semi-arid areas of China.Open-pit mining profoundly changes the soil environment and has a profound impact on the circulation of soil water in the aeration zone.Therefore, this research explores the impacts of open-pit coal mining on soil moisture processes in the semi-arid grasslands of Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–500 cm at Shengli No. 1 open-pit mine’s inner dump and a nearby natural grassland. These soil samples were analyzed for stable isotope characteristics (<span>({delta ^2 H, delta ^{18} O})</span>) and moisture content. Collection of underground water samples inside and outside the mining area for conductivity analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Soil evaporation loss in the mine’s inner dump was significantly higher than in the grassland, with rates of 22.26% for <span>({delta ^{18} O})</span> and 6.61% for <span>({delta ^2 H})</span>. The limiting depth of soil evaporation at the mine was found to be 260 cm, compared to 200 cm in the grassland. The increased underground water conductivity in the mine area was linked to heightened soil evaporation loss. Isotopic profiling of the soil indicated that the open-pit mining led to deeper preferential flow infiltration during heavy precipitation, reaching 280 cm in the mine area versus 220 cm in the grassland.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The surface soil moisture content (SMC) increased due to mining activities intensified water-heat exchanges with the atmosphere, leading to more frequent and severe wet-dry cycles. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of open-pit mining’s impact on SMC, evaporation, and infiltration in semi-arid areas, offering critical insights for ecological reclamation and sustainable mine construction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03841-7
Xinxin Jin, Tongxin Zhang, Yuetong Hou, Roland Bol, Xiaojie Zhang, Min Zhang, Na Yu, Jun Meng, Hongtao Zou, Jingkuan Wang
Purpose
The multiple benefits of biochar use as a soil amendment has garnered global attention. Biochar addition is a crucial factor to improve soil biomass, soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and improve soil nutrient utilization rate. However, the precise mechanism of effects of biochar addition on microbial community structure and diversity, as well as enzyme activity, remains unclear, especially for biochar obtained from different pyrolysis temperatures and variable quantities in which it is applied to soil.
Materials and methods
We compiled and summarized the existing literature on the impacts of biochar on microorganisms and enzymes, with a specific on articles published over a five-year period (2018–2022). This review provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature on enzyme activity, microbial diversity, community structure and abundance following biochar amendment in soil, and further elucidates the underlying mechanisms of biochar-induced effects on various factors.
Results and discussion
The impact of biochar on soil microorganisms could be categorized into three aspects: (1) biochar, due to its porous structure and high surface area, functions as a sanctuary for soil microorganisms; (2) biochar provides essential elements such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to soil microorganisms, and finally (3) biochar improves the survival conditions of soil microorganisms by modifying soil pH, CEC, aggregation, and enzyme activity. Importantly, biochar produced at lower pyrolysis temperatures provides valuable C and N for soil microorganisms. Whereas biochar obtained at higher pyrolysis temperatures contains much less active C and N. However, it still contributes to microbial nutrition through diverse mechanisms, e.g., nutrient immobilization and increased nutrients residence time through its bonding with soil labile C.
Conclusions
This review found that the type of source material and pyrolysis temperature were the primary determinants in the impacts of biochar on soil microbial abundance, community structure, and diversity.
目的 将生物炭用作土壤改良剂的多重益处已引起全球关注。添加生物炭是提高土壤生物量、土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和土壤养分利用率的关键因素。然而，生物炭的添加对微生物群落结构和多样性以及酶活性的确切影响机制仍不清楚，尤其是对不同热解温度和不同施用量的生物炭而言。材料与方法我们梳理并总结了现有关于生物炭对微生物和酶的影响的文献，特别是五年内（2018-2022 年）发表的文章。本综述全面回顾了土壤中生物炭改良后酶活性、微生物多样性、群落结构和丰度等方面的相关文献，并进一步阐明了生物炭对各种因素产生影响的内在机制。结果与讨论生物炭对土壤微生物的影响可分为三个方面：(1) 生物炭因其多孔结构和高比表面积而成为土壤微生物的避难所；(2) 生物炭为土壤微生物提供了碳（C）和氮（N）源等必需元素；最后，(3) 生物炭通过改变土壤 pH 值、CEC、聚集度和酶活性来改善土壤微生物的生存条件。重要的是，在较低的热解温度下产生的生物炭能为土壤微生物提供宝贵的碳和氮。然而，生物炭仍能通过不同的机制为微生物提供营养，例如，通过与土壤中的易溶 C 结合，固定养分并延长养分的停留时间。
{"title":"Review on the effects of biochar amendment on soil microorganisms and enzyme activity","authors":"Xinxin Jin, Tongxin Zhang, Yuetong Hou, Roland Bol, Xiaojie Zhang, Min Zhang, Na Yu, Jun Meng, Hongtao Zou, Jingkuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03841-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03841-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The multiple benefits of biochar use as a soil amendment has garnered global attention. Biochar addition is a crucial factor to improve soil biomass, soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and improve soil nutrient utilization rate. However, the precise mechanism of effects of biochar addition on microbial community structure and diversity, as well as enzyme activity, remains unclear, especially for biochar obtained from different pyrolysis temperatures and variable quantities in which it is applied to soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We compiled and summarized the existing literature on the impacts of biochar on microorganisms and enzymes, with a specific on articles published over a five-year period (2018–2022). This review provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature on enzyme activity, microbial diversity, community structure and abundance following biochar amendment in soil, and further elucidates the underlying mechanisms of biochar-induced effects on various factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The impact of biochar on soil microorganisms could be categorized into three aspects: (1) biochar, due to its porous structure and high surface area, functions as a sanctuary for soil microorganisms; (2) biochar provides essential elements such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to soil microorganisms, and finally (3) biochar improves the survival conditions of soil microorganisms by modifying soil pH, CEC, aggregation, and enzyme activity. Importantly, biochar produced at lower pyrolysis temperatures provides valuable C and N for soil microorganisms. Whereas biochar obtained at higher pyrolysis temperatures contains much less active C and N. However, it still contributes to microbial nutrition through diverse mechanisms, e.g., nutrient immobilization and increased nutrients residence time through its bonding with soil labile C.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This review found that the type of source material and pyrolysis temperature were the primary determinants in the impacts of biochar on soil microbial abundance, community structure, and diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03792-z
Jiawei Wang, Yongyi Wu, Yulu Zhang, Honghao Wang, Hong Yan, Hua Jin
Purpose
Accurate assessment of soil moisture content (SMC) is crucial for applications in climate science, hydrology, ecology, and agriculture. However, conventional SMC characterization and measurement are expensive, time-consuming, and have negative effects on soil. Recently, the application of multispectral technology provides a new idea for SMC accurate detection. The objective of this study was to develop and compare regression and machine learning algorithms to estimate SMC from multispectral images.
Materials and methods
A multispectral sensor was used to collect spectral images of 125 soil samples from five distinct soil textures in Shanxi province at varying degrees of soil moisture, ranging from arid to fully saturated. A set of seven spectral parameters was derived from images, and predictive relationships were developed against laboratory-measured SMC. A linear regression (LR) model and a backpropagation neural network model based on genetic algorithm optimization (GA-BP) were compared in this study to predict SMC.
Results and discussion
The results showed that (1) the spectral reflectance and SMC exhibit a clear negative correlation, and the lower the SMC, the larger the spectral reflectance is. (2) The GA-BP neural network model exhibits higher prediction accuracy and performance (R2 = 0.978 ~ 0.990, RMSE = 0.366 ~ 0.799%, MAE = 0.360 ~ 0.890%). (3) The GA-BP model exhibits the excellent inversion precision for the fine sand soil (R2 = 0.990, RMSE = 0.518%, MAE = 0.360%).
Conclusions
This study introduces an effective methodology for accurate estimation of SMC using multispectral remote sensing technology. It further underscores the significant effectiveness of employing backpropagation neural networks and genetic algorithms in SMC prediction, providing a rapid, precise, non-intrusive, and practical approach towards precision agriculture.
{"title":"A genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network model for predicting soil moisture content using spectral data","authors":"Jiawei Wang, Yongyi Wu, Yulu Zhang, Honghao Wang, Hong Yan, Hua Jin","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03792-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03792-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Accurate assessment of soil moisture content (SMC) is crucial for applications in climate science, hydrology, ecology, and agriculture. However, conventional SMC characterization and measurement are expensive, time-consuming, and have negative effects on soil. Recently, the application of multispectral technology provides a new idea for SMC accurate detection. The objective of this study was to develop and compare regression and machine learning algorithms to estimate SMC from multispectral images.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>A multispectral sensor was used to collect spectral images of 125 soil samples from five distinct soil textures in Shanxi province at varying degrees of soil moisture, ranging from arid to fully saturated. A set of seven spectral parameters was derived from images, and predictive relationships were developed against laboratory-measured SMC. A linear regression (LR) model and a backpropagation neural network model based on genetic algorithm optimization (GA-BP) were compared in this study to predict SMC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results showed that (1) the spectral reflectance and SMC exhibit a clear negative correlation, and the lower the SMC, the larger the spectral reflectance is. (2) The GA-BP neural network model exhibits higher prediction accuracy and performance (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.978 ~ 0.990, <i>RMSE</i> = 0.366 ~ 0.799%, <i>MAE</i> = 0.360 ~ 0.890%). (3) The GA-BP model exhibits the excellent inversion precision for the fine sand soil (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.990, <i>RMSE</i> = 0.518%, <i>MAE</i> = 0.360%).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study introduces an effective methodology for accurate estimation of SMC using multispectral remote sensing technology. It further underscores the significant effectiveness of employing backpropagation neural networks and genetic algorithms in SMC prediction, providing a rapid, precise, non-intrusive, and practical approach towards precision agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03813-x
Dan QIU, Chunmiao LU, Huarong SUN, Chaohang LI, Guangqiang LONG, Ping ZHAO, Yijun LONG, Yue DING, Cuixia SU, Zhengyan PAN, Yuefang CAO, Shuran HE
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the variations in biodegradable and nonbiodegradable microplastic particles (MPs) on the absorption of lead (Pb) in maize.
Materials and methods
Pot experiments were conducted using maize and two types of MPs, nonbiodegradable polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT), at four different MP concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10%). After one month of growth, the Pb content in aboveground and belowground parts of the maize seedlings, CaCl2-extracted Pb content, the proportion of different speciation of Pb within the soil, and soil properties were determined. We determined Pb uptake by maize seedlings, soil physicochemical properties, and Pb speciation in soil.
Results
The addition of PE and PBAT particles led to the decrease in Pb content in maize root with the increase in concentration. The addition of 0.1% PBAT particles significantly increased the Pb content in the shoot of maize plants by 37.60% and Pb content in the root by 65.06% compared with 0.1% PE. The addition of PE and PBAT particles increased the proportion of residual Pb to 36.0% and 38.0%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the addition of MPs mainly affected the absorption of Pb by maize plants by affecting soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), free crystalline Mn (MnDCB), and amorphous Fe (FeTamm).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that biodegradable and nonbiodegradable MPs in soil inhibited Pb accumulation in maize seedling roots. FeDCB, MnDCB, and FeTamm may be the main control factors affecting the inhibition of lead uptake by PE in maize seedling roots. Additionally, FeTamm may be the main controlling factor influencing PBAT to reduce lead accumulation in maize seedling roots. The results of the present study could provide novel insights into the toxicity and bioavailability effects of MPs and Pb on maize, as well as a valuable reference for ongoing research on the ecological risk assessment of MPs and other pollutants in the soil environment.
材料与方法采用玉米和两种类型的微塑料颗粒（不可生物降解的聚乙烯（PE）和可生物降解的聚己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）），在四种不同的微塑料颗粒浓度（0、0.1、1和10%）下进行盆栽实验。生长一个月后，测定了玉米幼苗地上部分和地下部分的铅含量、CaCl2 萃取的铅含量、土壤中不同种类铅的比例以及土壤性质。我们测定了玉米幼苗对铅的吸收、土壤理化性质和土壤中铅的种类。结果添加 PE 和 PBAT 颗粒后，玉米根中的铅含量随着浓度的增加而降低。与 0.1% PE 相比，添加 0.1% PBAT 颗粒可使玉米植株芽中的铅含量显著增加 37.60%，根中的铅含量显著增加 65.06%。添加 PE 和 PBAT 颗粒后，残余铅的比例分别增加到 36.0% 和 38.0%。相关分析表明，MPs 的添加主要通过影响土壤 pH 值、溶解有机碳（DOC）、阳离子交换容量（CEC）、游离结晶锰（MnDCB）和无定形铁（FeTamm）来影响玉米植株对铅的吸收。FeDCB、MnDCB 和 FeTamm 可能是影响玉米幼苗根部 PE 对铅吸收抑制作用的主要控制因子。此外，FeTamm 可能是影响 PBAT 减少玉米幼苗根系铅积累的主要控制因子。本研究的结果可为了解多溴联苯和铅对玉米的毒性和生物利用率效应提供新的见解，同时也为正在进行的多溴联苯和其他污染物在土壤环境中的生态风险评估研究提供有价值的参考。
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Microplastic Particles on Pb Absorption in Maize","authors":"Dan QIU, Chunmiao LU, Huarong SUN, Chaohang LI, Guangqiang LONG, Ping ZHAO, Yijun LONG, Yue DING, Cuixia SU, Zhengyan PAN, Yuefang CAO, Shuran HE","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03813-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03813-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the variations in biodegradable and nonbiodegradable microplastic particles (MPs) on the absorption of lead (Pb) in maize.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Pot experiments were conducted using maize and two types of MPs, nonbiodegradable polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT), at four different MP concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10%). After one month of growth, the Pb content in aboveground and belowground parts of the maize seedlings, CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extracted Pb content, the proportion of different speciation of Pb within the soil, and soil properties were determined. We determined Pb uptake by maize seedlings, soil physicochemical properties, and Pb speciation in soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The addition of PE and PBAT particles led to the decrease in Pb content in maize root with the increase in concentration. The addition of 0.1% PBAT particles significantly increased the Pb content in the shoot of maize plants by 37.60% and Pb content in the root by 65.06% compared with 0.1% PE. The addition of PE and PBAT particles increased the proportion of residual Pb to 36.0% and 38.0%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the addition of MPs mainly affected the absorption of Pb by maize plants by affecting soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), free crystalline Mn (MnDCB), and amorphous Fe (FeTamm).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that biodegradable and nonbiodegradable MPs in soil inhibited Pb accumulation in maize seedling roots. FeDCB, MnDCB, and FeTamm may be the main control factors affecting the inhibition of lead uptake by PE in maize seedling roots. Additionally, FeTamm may be the main controlling factor influencing PBAT to reduce lead accumulation in maize seedling roots. The results of the present study could provide novel insights into the toxicity and bioavailability effects of MPs and Pb on maize, as well as a valuable reference for ongoing research on the ecological risk assessment of MPs and other pollutants in the soil environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03846-2
Li Hua, Fanglin Dang, Lumengfei Yu, Hui Zhao, Ting Wei, Fengqiu An
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the residual levels of representative organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) in agricultural soils and crops in Shaanxi Province, and to reveal their accumulation characteristics and regional distribution characteristics in crops.
Materials and methods
The study was conducted using 115 soils and crops samples from typical agricultural areas in Shaanxi Province. The pesticide residues were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The crops were analyzed based on the residue characteristics of fruits, vegetables, and field crops. Additionally, the pesticide residues in crops from the Guanzhong area (central part of Shaanxi), northern Shaanxi, and southern Shaanxi regions were analyzed. A correlation analysis was conducted to examine the influencing factors of pesticide residues in soil-crops, considering the physical and chemical properties of the soil in Shaanxi Province.
Results and discussion
The results indicate that there are differences in the detection rates and residual concentrations of different pesticides in soil. In the Guanzhong area, the pesticide residual levels in crops follow the trend of chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > cypermethrin, with relatively high pesticide residues found in corn. In northern Shaanxi, the overall pesticide residual levels in crops show a trend of chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin > cypermethrin > lambda-cyhalothrin. In southern Shaanxi, all the pesticides were detected to varying degrees in crops, with chlorpyrifos showing the highest residual levels.
Conclusions
All four pesticides were detected in the soils of the study area and the enrichment capacity of different crops varied greatly. Pesticide enrichment is not only affected by temperature and climate conditions in different regions, but soil organic matter, pH, and CEC also have a significant effect on the enrichment of pesticides by crops.
{"title":"Soil residues and crop accumulation of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural fields in Shaanxi, China","authors":"Li Hua, Fanglin Dang, Lumengfei Yu, Hui Zhao, Ting Wei, Fengqiu An","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03846-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03846-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the residual levels of representative organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) in agricultural soils and crops in Shaanxi Province, and to reveal their accumulation characteristics and regional distribution characteristics in crops.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>The study was conducted using 115 soils and crops samples from typical agricultural areas in Shaanxi Province. The pesticide residues were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The crops were analyzed based on the residue characteristics of fruits, vegetables, and field crops. Additionally, the pesticide residues in crops from the Guanzhong area (central part of Shaanxi), northern Shaanxi, and southern Shaanxi regions were analyzed. A correlation analysis was conducted to examine the influencing factors of pesticide residues in soil-crops, considering the physical and chemical properties of the soil in Shaanxi Province.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results indicate that there are differences in the detection rates and residual concentrations of different pesticides in soil. In the Guanzhong area, the pesticide residual levels in crops follow the trend of chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > cypermethrin, with relatively high pesticide residues found in corn. In northern Shaanxi, the overall pesticide residual levels in crops show a trend of chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin > cypermethrin > lambda-cyhalothrin. In southern Shaanxi, all the pesticides were detected to varying degrees in crops, with chlorpyrifos showing the highest residual levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>All four pesticides were detected in the soils of the study area and the enrichment capacity of different crops varied greatly. Pesticide enrichment is not only affected by temperature and climate conditions in different regions, but soil organic matter, pH, and CEC also have a significant effect on the enrichment of pesticides by crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In threatened diversity hotspots, such as mountain cloud forests, microbiome studies have focused essentially on bacteria. Unlike prokaryotic microbiomes, the study of the microeukaryotes has largely been restricted to the visual identification of specific groups. Herein, microeukaryotic edaphic diversity from a pristine mountain cloud forest (MCF) of Mexico was analyzed via the metabarcoding of the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA.
Materials and methods
An exploratory triangular sampling was conducted in the mountain cloud forest located in El Relámpago Mount, Santiago Comaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Each vertex was located adjacent to a dominant plant species in the ecosystem (Oreomunnea mexicana and Alsophila salvinii). After DNA extraction the ITS1 region (rDNA) was amplified. Microeukaryotic sequences were filtered by computational subtraction against the ITS2 Database. Next, alpha and beta diversity indexes were calculated, and the relationship between abiotic variables and diversity patterns were inferred by means of a Canonical Correspondence Analysis.
Results
Overall, 138 inferred sequence variants were identified, including 87 protists, 35 animals (microfauna), and 16 algae. Within the animals, the nematodes were the dominant group, chlorophytes dominated algae, and in Protista, no dominance patterns were observed given the high diversity and equitability of this group. Soil available carbon, carbon degrading enzymes and the pH play a key role in modeling the community structure. Remarkably, high beta diversity levels were obtained, evidencing a strong spatial heterogeneity at the small scale.
Conclusions
The ITS metabarcoding proved to be a useful tool to conduct multi-taxa diversity assessments for microeukaryotes, allowing the identification of alpha and beta diversity patterns and overcoming limitations of sampling and the direct observation of individuals. The results presented in this work evidenced high microeukaryotic diversity levels in the soil of MCF and encourage future studies aiming to explore the taxonomic diversity of individual taxa.
目的在山区云雾林等受到威胁的多样性热点地区，微生物组的研究主要集中在细菌上。与原核微生物组不同，微真核细胞的研究主要局限于对特定群体的直观识别。在此，我们通过对核糖体 DNA 的 ITS1 区域进行元编码，分析了墨西哥原始高山云雾林（MCF）中的微真核生物多样性。每个顶点都毗邻生态系统中的优势植物物种（Oreomunnea mexicana 和 Alsophila salvinii）。提取 DNA 后，扩增 ITS1 区域（rDNA）。通过计算减去 ITS2 数据库，筛选出微真核序列。随后，计算了α和β多样性指数，并通过卡农对应分析法推断了非生物变量与多样性模式之间的关系。结果共鉴定出 138 个推断序列变体，包括 87 个原生动物、35 个动物（微型动物）和 16 个藻类。在动物中，线虫是主要群体，藻类中叶绿体占主导地位，而在原生动物中，由于该群体具有高度的多样性和均衡性，因此没有观察到优势模式。土壤可利用碳、碳降解酶和 pH 值在群落结构建模中起着关键作用。结论 ITS 代谢编码被证明是对微真核细胞进行多物种多样性评估的有用工具，可识别阿尔法和贝塔多样性模式，克服了取样和直接观察个体的局限性。本研究的结果表明 MCF 土壤中微真核生物的多样性水平很高，鼓励今后开展旨在探索单个类群分类多样性的研究。
{"title":"Implementing ITS1 metabarcoding for the analysis of soil microeukariotic diversity in the Mountain Cloud Forest","authors":"Andrea Aurora Rivera-Zizumbo, Patricia Velez, Margarita Ojeda, Angel Herrera-Mares, Yunuen Tapia-Torres, Jaime Gasca-Pineda","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03839-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03839-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>In threatened diversity hotspots, such as mountain cloud forests, microbiome studies have focused essentially on bacteria. Unlike prokaryotic microbiomes, the study of the microeukaryotes has largely been restricted to the visual identification of specific groups. Herein, microeukaryotic edaphic diversity from a pristine mountain cloud forest (MCF) of Mexico was analyzed via the metabarcoding of the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>An exploratory triangular sampling was conducted in the mountain cloud forest located in El Relámpago Mount, Santiago Comaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Each vertex was located adjacent to a dominant plant species in the ecosystem (<i>Oreomunnea mexicana</i> and <i>Alsophila salvinii</i>). After DNA extraction the ITS1 region (rDNA) was amplified. Microeukaryotic sequences were filtered by computational subtraction against the ITS2 Database. Next, alpha and beta diversity indexes were calculated, and the relationship between abiotic variables and diversity patterns were inferred by means of a Canonical Correspondence Analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Overall, 138 inferred sequence variants were identified, including 87 protists, 35 animals (microfauna), and 16 algae. Within the animals, the nematodes were the dominant group, chlorophytes dominated algae, and in Protista, no dominance patterns were observed given the high diversity and equitability of this group. Soil available carbon, carbon degrading enzymes and the pH play a key role in modeling the community structure. Remarkably, high beta diversity levels were obtained, evidencing a strong spatial heterogeneity at the small scale.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The ITS metabarcoding proved to be a useful tool to conduct multi-taxa diversity assessments for microeukaryotes, allowing the identification of alpha and beta diversity patterns and overcoming limitations of sampling and the direct observation of individuals. The results presented in this work evidenced high microeukaryotic diversity levels in the soil of MCF and encourage future studies aiming to explore the taxonomic diversity of individual taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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