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The Relationships Between Internal Program Measures and a High-Stakes Teacher Licensing Measure in Mathematics Teacher Preparation: Program Design Considerations 数学教师培养中内部课程措施与高风险教师许可措施的关系——课程设计考虑
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231180214
Jeremy Zelkowski, Tye G. Campbell, A. Moldavan
Accountability measures have quickly entered into formal teacher-preparation programs. As a response, we introduce the use of structural equation modeling vis-à-vis path analysis in secondary-grade mathematics teacher preparation as a methodology to test models to understand the strength of relationships to recommendations of prominent professional organizations and standards for entering the teaching profession. This longitudinal, 6-year, five-cohort study examines the relationship of program design sequencing and core components (internal measures) to an externally scored high-stakes teacher licensing examination portfolio intended to measure pedagogical content knowledge and first-year teacher readiness. The internal measures and program sequencing model explains 49.2% of the variance in relation to the standardized outcome teaching portfolio examination with high-power and medium- to large-effect statistics. We provide implications for teacher preparation with respect to recommendations of professional organizations, governments, and accreditation standards. Results should stimulate discussions and fuel future research efforts.
问责措施已迅速进入正式的教师培训计划。作为回应,我们介绍了在中学数学教师准备中使用结构方程建模与路径分析,作为一种测试模型的方法,以了解与知名专业组织的建议和进入教师行业的标准之间的关系强度。这项为期6年、共5个队列的纵向研究考察了项目设计顺序和核心组成部分(内部指标)与外部评分的高风险教师执照考试组合的关系,该组合旨在衡量教学内容知识和一年级教师的准备情况。内部测量和程序排序模型用高功率和中到大效应统计解释了49.2%的与标准化结果教学档案袋考试相关的方差。我们根据专业组织、政府和认证标准的建议,为教师准备工作提供启示。研究结果应能激发讨论,推动未来的研究工作。
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引用次数: 0
Developing an Equity-Centered Practice: Teacher Study Groups in the Preservice Context 发展以公平为中心的实践:保护环境下的教师研究小组
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231180536
A. R. Firestone, Rebecca A. Cruz, Darcie Massey
Equity-centered preparation builds novice teachers’ capacity to make meaningful instruction accessible to all students, particularly those historically excluded from high-quality learning experiences. Drawing on social learning theory, we examined Teacher Study Groups as a model for supporting preservice special educators’ development of equity-centered practices. We examined 60 preservice teachers’ instruction prior to and following study group participation, embedded in a fieldwork support course, alongside related artifacts shared during weekly sessions. Using a convergent mixed-methods approach, we analyzed quantitative and qualitative data separately and then integrated findings using joint display analysis; in doing so, we generated meta-inferences regarding how teachers’ attitudes mediated growth in practice. We uncovered salient participatory experiences that influenced—and hindered—professional growth. Our findings have implications for programs interested in structuring professional learning in a manner that builds foundations for an equity-centered practice.
以公平为中心的备课培养了新教师的能力,使所有学生,特别是那些历史上被排除在高质量学习体验之外的学生,都能获得有意义的教学。利用社会学习理论,我们考察了教师研究小组作为支持职前特殊教育者发展以公平为中心的实践的模型。我们检查了60名职前教师在参加研究小组之前和之后的指导,嵌入在实地工作支持课程中,以及在每周会议中分享的相关文物。我们采用融合混合方法,分别分析定量和定性数据,然后使用联合显示分析将结果整合;在这样做的过程中,我们产生了关于教师的态度如何在实践中中介成长的元推论。我们发现了影响和阻碍专业成长的显著参与性经验。我们的研究结果对那些有兴趣构建以公平为中心的实践为基础的专业学习的项目具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 3
When Shutting the Door Won’t Do: Teaching With the Specter of Community Backlash and the Implications for Teacher Education 当关上门不行:社区反弹的幽灵教学和对教师教育的影响
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231180831
Rachel Ranschaert
Recently, numerous news stories have detailed the ways teachers across the country have been disciplined for addressing issues of oppression and justice in their schools. This paper engages poststructural discourse analysis to consider data from a year-long study of recent graduates of a justice-oriented teacher education program during their first year teaching, examining the ways that stories of community backlash functioned to discipline early career teachers to behave in particular ways. I theorize that these stories serve to discourage teachers from pursuing justice-oriented work in the classroom and that such discourses must be addressed in teacher education programs to prepare preservice teachers for the political realities of entering classrooms in the United States in the current cultural moment.
最近,许多新闻报道详细描述了全国各地的教师因在学校解决压迫和正义问题而受到纪律处分的方式。本文采用后结构话语分析来考虑一项为期一年的研究数据,该研究是对正义导向的教师教育项目的应届毕业生在第一年教学期间进行的,研究了社区反弹的故事如何约束早期职业教师以特定方式行事。我的理论是,这些故事阻碍了教师在课堂上追求以正义为导向的工作,这些话语必须在教师教育计划中得到解决,以使职前教师为当前文化时刻进入美国课堂的政治现实做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
“There’s a Lot of Stumbling Forward”: The Impact of Whiteness on Teacher Educators’ Reconceptualization of Culturally Based English Education Curriculum “有很多蹒跚前行”:白人对教师教育者重新认识基于文化的英语教育课程的影响
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231178249
Crystasany R. Turner, D. Pasternak, Kelly R. Allen, Leanne M. Evans, K. M. Lize
Practices incorporating students’ cultures and communities are foundational to effective teaching. However, teacher candidates often do not effectively incorporate culturally based practices into their instruction. This article describes the perceptions of English education instructors as they reconceptualized their curriculum to cultivate culturally based practices. Findings show three major factors impacted the instructors’ reconceptualization of curriculum: (a) the instructors’ cultural roots; (b) the pervasiveness of whiteness—systems and processes that preference white identities, assumptions, and privileges that accompany the white experience; and (c) deep-seated tensions between culturally based practices and the practices of the university operating within the institution of English education. The authors assert that no individual who has matriculated through white-centric educational institutions and broader societal structures can be excluded from the call to unlearn whiteness. They urge teacher educators to dismantle oppressive, white-centric practices by reflecting on the interplay of biases and socio-political beliefs that they and their teacher candidates bring into educational spaces.
融入学生文化和社区的实践是有效教学的基础。然而,教师候选人往往没有有效地将基于文化的实践纳入他们的教学中。这篇文章描述了英语教育教师在重新定义课程以培养基于文化的实践时的看法。研究结果表明,影响教师课程再概念化的主要因素有三个:(a)教师的文化根源;(b) 白人的普遍性——偏爱白人身份、假设和特权的系统和过程,伴随着白人的经历;以及(c)基于文化的做法与大学在英语教育机构内运作的做法之间根深蒂固的紧张关系。作者断言,任何通过以白人为中心的教育机构和更广泛的社会结构录取的个人都不能被排除在摒弃白人的呼吁之外。他们敦促教师教育工作者通过反思他们和他们的教师候选人在教育空间中带来的偏见和社会政治信仰的相互作用,废除压迫性的、以白人为中心的做法。
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引用次数: 1
Intermediary Organizations, Technocratic Discourses, and the Rise of Accountability Regimes in Teacher Education 中介组织、技术官僚话语与教师教育问责制度的兴起
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231174835
Elena Aydarova
Intermediary organizations’ (IOs) involvement in teacher education policies has grown in recent years. Apart from advocating for the introduction of alternative routes into the teaching profession, IOs have facilitated the spread of outcomes-based teacher preparation accountability. While previous studies examined the neoliberal market-based logic of their proposals, less is known about technocracy as a discourse informing teacher education redesign. To address this gap, I use the tools of critical policy and critical discourse analysis to examine how IOs advocated for and participated in the construction of outcomes-based accountability regimes. This analysis captures key elements of technocracy, such as the depoliticization of social issues, scientism, and the dismissal of opposition on which accountability regimes are built. By attending to the assumptions and inherent contradictions of technocratic discourses, I shed light on the ways in which accountability regimes dismiss opposition and seek to refashion governance structures in teacher education.
近年来,中介组织对教师教育政策的参与越来越多。除了倡导在教师职业中引入替代途径外,国际教育组织还促进了以结果为基础的教师准备问责制的传播。虽然以前的研究考察了他们的建议的新自由主义市场逻辑,但对技术统治作为一种话语告知教师教育重新设计的了解较少。为了解决这一差距,我使用关键政策和关键话语分析的工具来研究国际组织如何倡导和参与基于结果的问责制度的建设。这一分析抓住了技术官僚的关键要素,如社会问题的非政治化、科学主义和对反对派的无视,而问责制正是建立在反对派的基础上的。通过关注技术官僚话语的假设和内在矛盾,我揭示了问责制度如何驳回反对意见,并寻求重塑教师教育中的治理结构。
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引用次数: 1
Mapping How Teachers Become Culturally Responsive 绘制教师如何对文化做出反应
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231168076
H. Parkhouse, Robyn Lyn, Elizabeth Severson-Irby, Erin Drulis, Jesse Senechal, Fantasy T. Lozada
Research on how teachers become culturally responsive tends to focus on preservice teachers or on the professional development activities that are associated with change for inservice teachers. Little is known about how the various elements of culturally responsive teaching—including knowledge, skills, and fundamental orientations—interact with one another as teachers change. This case study followed 19 educators across four schools and over 2 years as they conducted action research to enhance their cultural responsiveness. We found four zones of development that characterized the teachers’ change: consciousness-raising, consciousness- and relationship-building, knowledge- and practice-building, and practice-refining. Within each zone, two or three elements of culturally responsive teaching appeared to change most dramatically and to mutually reinforce one another as teachers developed. Professional development experiences should attend to these different zones and to the gradual nature of this process.
关于教师如何成为文化响应的研究往往集中在职前教师或与在职教师变化相关的专业发展活动上。随着教师的变化,文化响应性教学的各种要素——包括知识、技能和基本取向——是如何相互作用的,我们知之甚少。本案例研究对四所学校的19名教育工作者进行了为期两年的跟踪调查,他们进行了行动研究,以提高他们的文化响应能力。我们发现教师的变化有四个发展区域:提高意识、建立意识和关系、建立知识和实践、改进实践。在每个区域内,文化响应性教学的两三个要素似乎变化最为显著,并随着教师的发展而相互加强。专业发展经验应该关注这些不同的区域以及这一过程的渐进性质。
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引用次数: 2
Teacher Shortages: What Are We Short Of? 教师短缺:我们缺少什么?
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231166244
C. Craig, Valerie Hill-Jackson, Andrew Kwok
In October 2016, UNESCO (2017) officially announced that the world was facing a global teacher shortage. The international organization declared that 70 million more teachers would be needed to provide every primary and secondary student with an equitable and inclusive education according to its definition. Four years later, the Covid-19 pandemic struck, further complicating the already complex, longstanding challenge. Because of the ubiquitous nature of teacher shortages, more clarity is needed with how the term is defined, when the problem originated, the conditions that complicate the tenure of teachers, and the ways in which this crisis can be avoided—or at least managed (Cuban, 2001). Otherwise, teacher shortages will perpetuate because resources fall short (Cowan et al., 2016).
2016年10月,联合国教科文组织(2017)正式宣布,世界正面临全球教师短缺。该国际组织宣布,根据其定义,为每个中小学生提供公平和包容的教育,将需要增加7000万名教师。四年后,Covid-19大流行爆发,使本已复杂的长期挑战进一步复杂化。由于教师短缺的普遍性质,需要更明确的术语是如何定义的,问题是什么时候产生的,使教师任期复杂化的条件,以及如何避免这种危机-或至少管理(Cuban, 2001)。否则,由于资源短缺,教师短缺将持续存在(Cowan et al., 2016)。
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引用次数: 1
Preparing Cherokee Language Teachers: Lessons Learned From an Innovative Licensure Program 准备切罗基语言教师:从创新执照计划中学到的教训
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231165478
Scott Kissau, K. Davin, Kristen Moore
Cherokee is an endangered Indigenous language. Revitalization efforts often include offering Cherokee language instruction, but these efforts have been hampered by a lack of qualified teachers. An initial licensure program was launched in fall 2019 aimed at supporting Cherokee language renewal via the preparation of teachers. While a step forward, little is known about this program and the extent to which it meets the needs of Cherokee language teacher candidates. In response, we conducted a year-long case study to chronicle the experiences of a Cherokee language teacher as he completes this program. Results confirmed that teachers of Indigenous languages may still be developing language proficiency and may lack resources, rendering instruction more challenging. Findings also shed light on beneficial program characteristics (e.g., attention to lesson and unit plan design) and emphasized the need for greater involvement of the Indigenous community in teacher preparation programs.
切罗基语是一种濒危的土著语言。振兴工作通常包括提供切罗基语教学,但由于缺乏合格的教师,这些工作受到了阻碍。2019年秋季启动了一项初步的许可计划,旨在通过教师的准备来支持切罗基语的更新。虽然这是一个进步,但人们对这个项目以及它在多大程度上满足切罗基语教师候选人的需求知之甚少。作为回应,我们进行了一项为期一年的案例研究,记录了一位切罗基语教师在完成该项目时的经历。结果证实,土著语言教师可能仍在发展语言能力,可能缺乏资源,使教学更具挑战性。调查结果还揭示了有益的课程特征(例如,对课程和单元计划设计的关注),并强调了土著社区更多地参与教师准备课程的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Meta-Reflexivity and Teacher Professionalism: Facilitating Multiparadigmatic Teacher Education to Achieve a Future-Proof Profession 元反射与教师专业化:促进多元分化的教师教育实现面向未来的专业
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231162295
Colin Cramer, Christopher R. Brown, D. Aldridge
The present work discusses the relevance of meta-reflexivity, both for the professionalization of the teaching profession and for teacher education. Meta-reflexivity is based on the multiparadigmatic system of teacher education, which finds itself grounded in diverse scientific disciplines. The approach takes uncertainty as an essential element characterizing the act of teaching. Inherent rationales of specific theories and empirical findings are made explicit, thus creating a referential framework for situation-specific interpretations and professional action. Based on a theoretical reconstruction, we propose meta-reflexivity as an essential element of pedagogic practice and, consequently, teacher professionalism. Such professionalism is characterized by teachers being able to undertake exemplary-typifying interpretations of situations, based on a deep understanding of multiple approaches. While assessing specific situations in school, a teacher can refer to these interpretations. Possible principles of a meta-reflexive teacher education are proposed that can potentially enrich the practice of teacher education for a future-proof profession.
本文讨论了元反身性对教师专业化和教师教育的相关性。元反身性是建立在教师教育的多辐射体系之上的,它发现自己植根于不同的科学学科。该方法将不确定性作为教学行为的一个基本要素。明确了具体理论和经验发现的内在理由,从而为具体情况的解释和专业行动创造了一个参考框架。在理论重建的基础上,我们提出元反身性是教育实践的一个基本要素,因此也是教师专业性的一个重要要素。这种专业精神的特点是,教师能够在深入理解多种方法的基础上,对情况进行典型的解释。在评估学校的具体情况时,教师可以参考这些解释。提出了元反射式教师教育的可能原则,这可能会丰富未来职业的教师教育实践。
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引用次数: 3
Literacy Intervention in Secondary Schools: Exploring Educators’ Beliefs and Practices about Supporting Adolescents’ Literacy Learning 中学扫盲干预:教育工作者支持青少年扫盲学习的信念与实践
IF 3.9 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/00224871231156371
Sarah M. Lupo, Katherine K. Frankel, Mark A. Lewis, Alina Wilson
There is a need to better understand the complex landscape of adolescent literacy intervention as a shared responsibility across all educational stakeholders. To address this need, we examined the self-reported literacy beliefs and practices about secondary readers and literacy intervention among a group of educators (including administrators, teachers, and specialists) who participated in a year-long professional learning series focused on providing adolescents with rich and responsive literacy learning opportunities. We found that educators’ beliefs and practices shifted as they developed shared understandings of asset-based mindsets and ways of supporting students’ situated literacy learning and comprehension within disciplinary contexts. We offer suggestions for how to create shared learning opportunities for educators across roles and discuss implications for future research.
有必要更好地了解青少年扫盲干预的复杂情况,这是所有教育利益攸关方的共同责任。为了解决这一需求,我们研究了一组教育工作者(包括管理人员、教师和专家)的自我报告的读写能力信念和实践,他们参与了为期一年的专业学习系列,重点是为青少年提供丰富和响应性的读写能力学习机会。我们发现,教育工作者的信念和实践随着他们对基于资产的心态和支持学生在学科背景下的情境识字学习和理解的方式的共同理解而发生变化。我们就如何为不同角色的教育者创造共享学习机会提出了建议,并讨论了对未来研究的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Teacher Education
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