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Shedding Light on Daylight Fluorescent Artists’ Pigments, Part 1: Composition 日光荧光艺术家的颜料,第一部分:组成
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1927653
S. J. S. Sobeck, Victor J. Chen, G. Smith
ABSTRACT The vivid colors and luminosity of daylight fluorescent pigments have secured them a spot on the artists’ palette since their inception in the 1930s. However, these colorants pose unique challenges to conservators due to their complex formulations consisting of a mixture of dyes and optical brighteners impregnated in a formaldehyde-rich polymer resin. Furthermore, these pigments are often intended for display under blacklights, which accelerate fading and polymer degradation reactions and pose demanding inpainting requirements of conservators. This research provides a comprehensive report on the dye composition of pigments made by the major European and American manufacturers, as well as those sold as artists’ dry pigments. Differences in the dyes and additives were identified for the first time using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, while subtle variations in the resin matrix were revealed using infrared spectroscopy. Specific identification of the dye and matrix components can differentiate the pigment sources and be taken advantage of in conservation treatments. This is demonstrated in the analysis of Stefano Castronovo’s fluorescent Mona Lisa painting on a Stephen Sprouse designed silver leather motorcycle jacket. Analysis of a mid-twentieth century designer’s manual produced by the Day-Glo Corporation revealed how the pigments’ dye components have shifted over time.
摘要日光荧光颜料自20世纪30年代问世以来,其鲜明的色彩和亮度使其在艺术家的调色板上占有一席之地。然而,这些着色剂对保护剂提出了独特的挑战,因为它们的复杂配方由浸渍在富甲醛聚合物树脂中的染料和光学增白剂的混合物组成。此外,这些颜料通常用于在黑光下显示,这会加速褪色和聚合物降解反应,并对保护柜提出苛刻的修复要求。这项研究提供了一份关于欧洲和美国主要制造商生产的颜料以及作为艺术家干颜料出售的颜料的染料成分的全面报告。首次使用液相色谱法和质谱法鉴定了染料和添加剂的差异,同时使用红外光谱法揭示了树脂基体的细微变化。染料和基质成分的特异性鉴定可以区分色素来源,并在保护处理中得到利用。Stefano Castronovo在Stephen Sprouse设计的银色摩托车皮夹克上的荧光蒙娜丽莎画作的分析证明了这一点。对戴格罗公司制作的20世纪中期设计师手册的分析揭示了颜料的染料成分是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。
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引用次数: 5
Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Conservation of Artwork Produced During Art Therapy 艺术治疗过程中艺术品保护的法律与伦理思考
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1927654
L. McCann, Chantal Stein, Jessica Pace, Andy Wolf, Katherine Parks
ABSTRACT Works of art created by children under the care of art therapy pioneer Edith Kramer at the Wiltwyck School for Boys in the 1950s are presented as a case study to examine the practical, legal, and ethical challenges of conserving art produced in the course of therapy. The artworks, deposited in the New York University Libraries Special Collections in 2011, are five drawings and forty-two paintings on paper. Multidisciplinary research into the fields of art therapy, archival management, health care law, and the history of Wiltwyck revealed a broad spectrum of value categories associated with the artworks. A values-based decision-making process, together with information garnered through materials testing and analysis, informed conservation actions, including the retention of post-custodial interventions and redaction of private health information.
摘要20世纪50年代,在艺术治疗先驱伊迪丝·克莱默(Edith Kramer)的照顾下,威尔特威克男孩学校(Wiltwyck School for Boys)的儿童创作了艺术作品,作为一个案例研究,探讨了保护治疗过程中产生的艺术在实践、法律和伦理方面的挑战。这些艺术品于2011年存放在纽约大学图书馆特别收藏馆,共有五幅画和四十二幅画。对艺术治疗、档案管理、医疗保健法和威尔特威克历史等领域的多学科研究揭示了与艺术品相关的广泛价值类别。基于价值观的决策过程,以及通过材料测试和分析获得的信息,知情的保护行动,包括保留拘留后干预措施和编辑私人健康信息。
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引用次数: 0
Reengineering Broken Books (RBB): A Minimally-Interventive Tissue Repair Technique for Hollowback Books 再造破碎的书籍(RBB):一种最小介入的组织修复技术的空心书
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1919371
Jana L. Dambrogio, Emily Hishta Cohen, Ayako Letizia, Mary Uthuppuru, Brien Beidler, Kate Beattie, Laura Bergemann, Jennifer Pellecchia
ABSTRACT The reengineering broken book (RBB) technique allows for repair of hollowback structures, both natural and made, while preserving the original function and materials of the artifact. The repair utilizes a continuous sheet of thin tissue Kashiki Tengu-jo to line the contours of the internal surfaces exposed by broken shoulders, joints, and hinges. Subsequent layers of thin tissue introduce support only where needed. RBB requires no specialized tools or equipment and few supplies. Tracking the repair on 58 books in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Libraries published over a 200-year span has shown that this layering procedure results in a thin, flexible, and robust repair that is gentle enough for rare books and durable enough for circulating collections. Described here in its most straightforward application with suggested adaptations, RBB is an economical and minimally-interventive treatment. Video Abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo © 2021 Jana Dambrogio. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
再造破书(RBB)技术允许修复空心结构,无论是天然的还是人造的,同时保留人工制品的原始功能和材料。修复使用了连续的薄组织Kashiki Tengu-jo来排列由破损的肩部、关节和铰链暴露的内部表面的轮廓。随后的薄组织层只在需要的地方提供支撑。RBB不需要专门的工具或设备和很少的供应。对麻省理工学院图书馆200多年来出版的58本书的修复进行了跟踪研究,结果表明,这种分层过程产生了一种薄的、灵活的、坚固的修复方法,对稀有书籍来说足够温和,对流通藏品来说足够耐用。本文介绍了其最直接的应用和建议的适应性,RBB是一种经济且最小干预的治疗方法。视频摘要阅读文本在Vimeo上观看视频©2021 Jana Dambrogio。由Informa UK Limited出版,以Taylor & Francis Group的名义进行交易
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引用次数: 0
Practitioner (In)visibility in the Conservation of Contemporary Art 实践者在当代艺术保护中的可见度
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1951550
Zoe Miller
ABSTRACT This article explores the role and position of the conservator of contemporary art and proposes the concept of invisibility as a way of thinking about ideas and practices of authorship, agency, and knowledge in the field of conservation. The invisibility of the practitioner is a concept drawn from the field of translation, and the work of translation theorist Lawrence Venuti. Venuti describes the translator’s traditional position of invisibility, exploring how it manifests both in relation to the translated text, as well as in wider epistemic, professional, and social senses. Sparked by Venuti’s 1995 book The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation, invisibility has been the subject of significant study and debate in translation and can also be identified as a common concern across several disciplines. This article explores how the concept of invisibility applies to the conservator of contemporary art, and its effect in respect of understandings of the work, the nature of conservation practice, and the recognition of practitioner knowledge.
摘要本文探讨了当代艺术保护人的角色和地位,并提出了“不可见”的概念,以此来思考保护领域中作者、代理和知识的思想和实践。从业者的隐形是一个从翻译领域引出的概念,也是翻译理论家劳伦斯·维努蒂的作品。维努蒂描述了译者的传统隐形立场,探讨了它如何在翻译文本中以及在更广泛的认知、专业和社会意义上表现出来。在维努蒂1995年出版的《译者的隐形:翻译史》一书的启发下,隐形一直是翻译研究和争论的主题,也可以被确定为几个学科的共同关注点。本文探讨了隐形概念如何适用于当代艺术的保护人,以及它在理解作品、保护实践的性质和对从业者知识的认可方面的影响。
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引用次数: 1
A Documentation Framework for Sound in Time-based Media Installation Art 基于时间的媒介装置艺术中的声音记录框架
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1919372
Amy Brost
ABSTRACT Perhaps because the visual arts predominate in museum collections, conservation documentation methods for audio in time-based media installation art are less developed than those for video. However, the aural elements are equally complex, both technically and creatively. This paper proposes a framework for documenting sound in time-based media installations, from the artist's vision for the listener experience of the artwork to its realization in the exhibition space. This documentation framework was applied to one artwork, The Visitors (2012) by Ragnar Kjartansson, as a case study. The framework and excerpts from the case study show how documentation focused on sound elements can yield unique insights about an artwork. For time-based media works that foreground sound, conservators must be conversant with sound physics, acoustics, audio engineering, and sound design so that they can have productive conversations with artists, sound professionals, and other stakeholders in order to create meaningful documentation of the significant aural properties of an artwork for the future. In this way, conservators can approach time-based media installations not only attending to how they look, but also to how they sound.
也许是因为视觉艺术在博物馆藏品中占主导地位,在基于时间的媒体装置艺术中,音频的保存记录方法不如视频的保存记录方法发达。然而,无论是技术上还是创意上,听觉元素都同样复杂。本文提出了一个以时间为基础的媒体装置记录声音的框架,从艺术家对艺术品的听众体验的愿景到其在展览空间中的实现。这个文档框架被应用于Ragnar Kjartansson的一件艺术品《访客》(2012),作为一个案例研究。案例研究的框架和摘录显示了专注于声音元素的文档如何产生关于艺术品的独特见解。对于以时间为基础的、突出声音的媒体作品,保护人员必须熟悉声音物理、声学、音频工程和声音设计,这样他们才能与艺术家、声音专业人士和其他利益相关者进行富有成效的对话,以便为艺术品的重要听觉属性创建有意义的文档。通过这种方式,修复人员可以处理基于时间的媒体装置,不仅关注它们的外观,还关注它们的声音。
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引用次数: 2
Instantiation, Actualization, and Absence: The Continuation and Safeguarding of Katie Paterson’s Future Library (2014–2114) 实例化、实体化与缺席:凯蒂·帕特森未来图书馆的延续与守护(2014-2114)
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1977058
Brian Castriota
ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, the conservation field has developed new frameworks for works that recur in multiple manifestations, such as many time-based media, installation, and performance artworks. Within these frameworks, authenticity is gauged primarily on a manifestation’s perceived compliance with the artist’s directives or specifications for the work. Such models have proven difficult to apply in practice when faced with artworks in protracted states of creation, that have an existence outside the walls of the collecting institution, and whose manifestations are dispersed and distributed in space and over time. This article examines how Future Library (2014–2114) – a century-long public artwork by the Scottish artist Katie Paterson – confounds the two-stage model of an artwork’s creation, and the conventional understanding of the artwork instantiated and made present in discrete, physical objects or events. Drawing upon Deleuze's philosophical writings, I characterize the varied ways in which an artwork or object of cultural heritage may be made present and may undergo change, while forever remaining partial, deferred, and absent. This article considers how the scope of what falls within the conservator’s gaze might be widened, and how an artwork’s conservation and creation might be understood as interdependent and concurrent acts of safeguarding and continuation.
在过去的二十年里,保护领域已经发展出了新的作品框架,这些作品以多种形式重现,例如许多基于时间的媒体、装置和行为艺术作品。在这些框架中,真实性主要是根据一种表现形式是否符合艺术家的指示或作品的规格来衡量的。事实证明,当面对处于长期创作状态的艺术品时,这些模型很难在实践中应用,这些艺术品存在于收藏机构的墙壁之外,其表现形式在空间和时间上分散和分布。本文探讨了未来图书馆(2014-2114)——苏格兰艺术家凯蒂·帕特森(Katie Paterson)长达一个世纪的公共艺术品——如何混淆了艺术品创作的两阶段模型,以及对艺术品实例化和以离散的物理对象或事件呈现的传统理解。根据德勒兹的哲学著作,我描述了艺术作品或文化遗产的各种方式,这些方式可能会出现,也可能会发生变化,同时永远保持部分、延迟和缺席。本文将考虑如何扩大文物保护人员的关注范围,以及如何将艺术品的保护和创作理解为相互依存和同时发生的保护和延续行为。
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引用次数: 2
Supporting Decision-Making when Conserving Contemporary Art: A Model for Identification and Categorization of Stakeholders 保护当代艺术时的决策支持:利益相关者识别和分类模型
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1980695
Marta García Celma
ABSTRACT Authenticity in flux and value-led approaches are crucial elements in the conservation of contemporary art. Both depend on stakeholders: those involved in the artwork's historiography, who can promote value attribution and knowledge production towards the works, and those who could be affected by the conservation process. Identifying relevant stakeholders for contemporary art conservation becomes an imperative. This article introduces a model for identifying and categorizing relevant stakeholders for contemporary art conservation and preservation and attempts to support questions such as: Who are the stakeholders involved in the conservation process? What should be their involvement? How do they impact the conservation process? Who should identify them? How could it be done? In the suggested model, identification of relevant stakeholders is led by (1) the conservator as an analyst or an agent of change and (2) by a set of twelve “boundary questions” used to provoke and define situational framings. The categorization of relevant stakeholders is presented according to (1) their nature (human and non-human) and (2) their relevance and impact on/from the conservation and presentation process. Thereby, four groups of stakeholders are identified: human actors actively involved, human actors passively involved, non-human actors actively involved, and non-human actors passively involved.
摘要流动中的真实性和以价值为导向的方法是当代艺术保护的关键要素。两者都取决于利益相关者:参与艺术品史学的人,他们可以促进作品的价值归属和知识生产,以及那些可能受到保护过程影响的人。确定当代艺术保护的相关利益相关者成为当务之急。本文介绍了一个识别和分类当代艺术保护相关利益相关者的模型,并试图支持以下问题:谁是参与保护过程的利益相关者?他们应该参与什么?它们如何影响保护过程?谁应该识别他们?怎么能做到呢?在建议的模型中,相关利益相关者的识别由(1)作为分析师或变革推动者的保护人和(2)用于激发和定义情境框架的十二个“边界问题”领导。相关利益相关者的分类是根据(1)他们的性质(人类和非人类)和(2)他们对保护和介绍过程的相关性和影响来介绍的。由此,确定了四组利益相关者:主动参与的人类行为者、被动参与的人类行动者、主动参与的非人类行动者和被动参与的非人行动者。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction to the Special Issue on Contemporary Art Conservation 当代艺术保护特刊简介
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1988528
Mareike Opeña, Martha C. Singer, Delia Müller-Wüsten
The American Institute for Conservation (AIC)’s Contemporary Art Network, or CAN!, aims to embrace and explore the influence by and the influences on the conservator in our daily practice. The articles within this JAIC Special Issue on Contemporary Art Conservation stem from our network’s inaugural sessions at AIC’s 47th Annual Meeting in Connecticut. The May 2019 concurrent general session on “The Evolving Role of the Conservator” and the panel “The Evolving Influence of the Conservator” highlighted changes in the field, particularly when dealing with experimental art, materials, and concepts. We welcomed contributions for this issue that further describe the complex nature of contemporary art conservation, including typical (or atypical, in many cases) challenges they have learned to navigate to extend the expected life of contemporary art – or even investigate the underlying expectations of conservation altogether. This special issue reflects the mission of the newly established Contemporary Art Network, which was formed as part of AIC in 2018/2019 by conservators Luca Ackerman, Kate Moomaw, Giuliana Moretto, Delia Müller-Wüsten, Mareike Opeña, and Martha Singer. We believe discussing the care of contemporary art provides an interesting addition to the American Institute of Conservation, as it is distinct from historic artifacts in several ways. Underlying all forms of contemporary art conservation are intellectual issues, material instabilities, and conceptual complexities – all which have received international attention for the past three decades. CAN! sees the need for providing a platform within AIC for addressing such challenges. We want to explore how contemporary art requires and inspires us to go beyond standard conservation procedures on a practical level, which in turn enables us to rethink these standards and professional guidelines. Contemporary art is typically known for the oftenexperimental character of artwork materials and concepts, or of its rapidly developing new forms beyond sculpture and painting (e.g., time-based media, performance, street art, or internet web art). Unlike most of our cultural heritage, it is the only section that is still growing exponentially. What effect does that have on conservation decisions? Additionally, because it is so vast, it exists outside institutions at least as much as inside museums and established collections. Practicing conservators have long responded to contemporary art’s need of care “outside the museum realm,” as one can see by the flourishing private practice conservation studios in New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, and many metropolitan cities around the globe, where this type of art is commonly produced, exhibited, and marketed. More than half of CAN!’s founding members are from this sector of private practice conservation. CAN! hopes to encourage active participation from conservators in private practice in the future, as it is a vastly underrepresented area of the conservatio
美国保护协会(AIC)的当代艺术网络,或CAN!,旨在接受和探索保育员在日常实践中的影响和对保育员的影响。本期JAIC当代艺术保护特刊中的文章源于我们网络在康涅狄格州AIC第47届年会上的首次会议。2019年5月同时举行的“保育员角色的演变”大会和“保育员影响力的演变”小组讨论会强调了该领域的变化,特别是在处理实验艺术、材料和概念时。我们欢迎对这一问题的贡献,这些贡献进一步描述了当代艺术保护的复杂性质,包括他们学会了应对的典型(或非典型,在许多情况下)挑战,以延长当代艺术的预期寿命,甚至全面调查对保护的潜在期望。这期特刊反映了新成立的当代艺术网络的使命,该网络于2018/2019年由保护人Luca Ackerman、Kate Moomaw、Giuliana Moretto、Delia Müller-Wüsten、Mareike Opeña和Martha Singer组成,是AIC的一部分。我们相信,讨论当代艺术的护理为美国保护研究所提供了一个有趣的补充,因为它在几个方面与历史文物不同。当代艺术保护的所有形式背后都是智力问题、物质不稳定性和概念复杂性——所有这些在过去三十年里都受到了国际关注。可以!认为有必要在AIC内部提供一个平台来应对这些挑战。我们想探索当代艺术是如何要求和激励我们在实践层面超越标准保护程序的,这反过来又使我们能够重新思考这些标准和专业准则。当代艺术通常以艺术材料和概念的实验性而闻名,或以其在雕塑和绘画之外迅速发展的新形式而闻名(例如,基于时间的媒体、表演、街头艺术或互联网艺术)。与我们的大多数文化遗产不同,它是唯一一个仍在呈指数级增长的部分。这对保护决策有什么影响?此外,由于它如此庞大,它存在于机构之外,至少与博物馆和现有藏品一样多。长期以来,执业保育员一直在“博物馆领域之外”回应当代艺术的护理需求,正如纽约市、洛杉矶、迈阿密和全球许多大都市蓬勃发展的私人执业保育工作室所看到的那样,这类艺术通常在那里生产、展出和营销。CAN的一半以上!”其创始成员来自私人执业保护领域。可以!希望鼓励保护人员在未来积极参与私人实践,因为这是保护文献中一个代表性极低的领域。与历史艺术最显著的不同在于在世艺术家、他们的继承人或他们的倡导者的存在。这通常意味着我们在做出保护决定时必须考虑和咨询的个人权威或机构——不仅在道德上,而且在法律上。特定当代艺术品的社会或文化价值定位与艺术家的意图密切相关。因此,艺术家的观点在保护决策中获得了前所未有的意义。这将保护人推向主观性和语境考虑变得具有高度影响力的境地。Quabeck、Davis、Skopek和Verbeeck深入探讨了这些问题。我们最年轻的文化遗产的另一个有趣的方面是,“当代艺术”这一常见的艺术历史名称已经跨越了60年,起源于20世纪60年代。尽管20世纪60年代和70年代的早期当代艺术品对衰老的外表有一定的容忍度,但当代艺术仍在成倍地生产。这种新的张力(以其指定的“当代”标题传达),与快速老化的材料和正在进行的制作作斗争,规定了当代艺术保护人经常面临的困境。Barack等人使用深入的案例研究来解决当代艺术保护的最新理论如何应用于包含电子和数字组件的设计收藏。此外,芬恩的案例研究探索了当代作品老化到无法修复的二分法,从而开辟了保护理论的新途径。当代艺术时代似乎在犹豫是否要超越成为历史的门槛。有些现代作品扩展了当代的定义,甚至挑战了艺术品的定义及其在时间上的存在;Castriota用一件长达一个世纪的艺术品来阐述这一点。
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引用次数: 2
Version Control: Mark Rothko’s Harvard Murals through the Lens of the Documentation Model for Time-Based Media Art 版本控制:马克·罗斯科的哈佛壁画在基于时间的媒体艺术的文献模型的镜头
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1913542
Ellen Davis
ABSTRACT Long shrouded by a history of material change, Mark Rothko’s Harvard Murals are reassessed as a work of installation art, using the logic of the documentation model for time-based media art developed and published by Joanna Phillips in 2015. The documentation model and its theoretical framework aid in clarifying both the core identity of the work and its viability for future iterations. By applying the documentation model’s logic to this set of paintings, the model’s broad applicability is demonstrated.
摘要长期被物质变化的历史所笼罩,马克·罗斯科的《哈佛壁画》被重新评估为一件装置艺术作品,采用了乔安娜·菲利普斯于2015年开发并出版的基于时间的媒体艺术文献模型的逻辑。文档模型及其理论框架有助于澄清工作的核心身份及其对未来迭代的可行性。通过将文献模型的逻辑应用于这套绘画,证明了该模型的广泛适用性。
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引用次数: 0
From Prism to Kaleidoscope: Effect Versus Intention in the Conservation of Contemporary Art 从棱镜到万花筒:当代艺术保护的效果与意图
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2021.1968594
Muriel Verbeeck
ABSTRACT Artist’s intention is not an unambiguous concept in conservation. It is used to focus on the aesthetic function of the work and its intentional effect. To understand the artwork in order to transmit its meaning, the conservator must therefore become a “receptor” and “read” the stimuli created by the artist as objectively and sensitively as possible. This article includes a draft methodology ranging from taking inventory of the effects to documenting their nomenclature. Artist’s intention can be seen as a prism, but for a complex artwork, conservators also need to use a kaleidoscope of perceptions.
摘要艺术家的意图并不是一个明确的保护概念。它被用来关注作品的美学功能及其意向效果。因此,为了理解艺术品以传递其意义,保护人必须成为“受体”,并尽可能客观、敏感地“阅读”艺术家创造的刺激。这篇文章包括一个方法草案,从盘点影响到记录其命名。艺术家的意图可以被视为一个棱镜,但对于一件复杂的艺术品,保护人也需要使用万花筒般的感知。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
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