Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science最新文献

Restaurants are increasingly opting for technological innovations for food ordering. While digital modes of ordering, such as kiosks, tablets, and apps, embrace emerging innovations, can there be unintended consequences regarding the foods purchased and total spending? The findings from a series of studies, including six studies conducted in the field, demonstrate that a digital (vs. non-digital) ordering mode leads consumers to have a more automatic decision making mode and lower cognitive involvement, which results in more indulgent outcomes in the form of unhealthy food orders and higher overall spending. This effect attenuates for consumers with a high degree of technology acceptance and for orders placed earlier in the day. These findings suggest that restaurant managers with the goal of selling healthier options would benefit from having non-digital ordering modes, while managers desiring more indulgent purchases would benefit from having digital ordering modes available.

How can managers use positive and negative feedback to encourage employees’ proactive customer service behavior (PCSB)? This question has significant implications because while companies utilize feedback for employee development, it remains unclear how different forms of manager feedback can improve or impair customer service. We synthesize the feedback, goal-setting, and proactive service behavior literature and propose a motivational driver–goal setting–goal striving–goal attainment (MG3) model to help unpack the feedback–PCSB link. Using time-wave survey data in Study 1, we find that feedback-based goal setting fully mediates the effect of positive (but not negative) feedback on PCSB. Using controlled experiments in Studies 2 and 3, we demonstrate that while positive feedback affects feedback-based goal setting through feedback utility, negative feedback does so via feedback accountability, revealing distinct mechanisms. Our research underscores the importance of distinguishing between feedback types when the goal is to foster PCSB.

In competitive markets, firms employ marketing perks (e.g., unexpected free gifts) to develop customer relationships, though customers’ evaluations of the value of and intentions behind such promotions, and the resulting firm outcomes, remain unclear. To clarify the usefulness of free gifts, this study accounts for the potential effects of relational stages. With a randomized field experiment and four laboratory studies, the authors establish that matches (mismatches) between a gift’s perceived value and relational stages have beneficial (detrimental) effects on performance outcomes. Three relational zones (over-investment, under-investment, and targeted) emerge as relationships develop over time, and a system of mechanisms (gratitude, suspicion, unfairness) underlies the effectiveness of free gifts within each zone. Simultaneously, this research identifies two managerially relevant strategies—transparent firm communication and gift customization—that can mitigate the negative mechanisms.

Home sharing platforms have experienced a rapid growth over the last decade. Following negative publicity, many cities have started regulating the short-term rental market. Regulations often involve a cap on the number of days a property can be rented out on a short-term basis. We draw on rich data for short-term rentals on Airbnb and for the long-term rental market to examine the impact of short-term rental regulations with a day cap on various stakeholders: hosts, guests, the platform provider, and residents. Based on a difference-in-differences design, we document a sizable drop in Airbnb activity. Interestingly, not only targeted hosts (i.e., hosts with reservation days larger than the day cap), but also non-targeted hosts reduce their Airbnb activity. The reservation days of non-targeted hosts decrease between 26.27% and 51.89% depending on the treatment. Targeted hosts experience a similar decline. There is, nevertheless, significant non-compliance: more than one third of hosts do not comply with enacted short-term rental regulations. Additional analyses show that few properties are redirected from short-term rental to long-term rental use and that there is no significant drop in long-term rents. Drawing on a theoretical model, we tie the estimated effects to changes in stakeholders’ welfare: Regulations significantly reduce the welfare of hosts, and the loss ranges between 46.30% and 9.02%. The welfare loss of the platform provider is proportional to the loss of the hosts. Welfare of guests decreases moderately ranging between 4.5% to 4.1%. The welfare of residents increases minimal. These results question the effectiveness and desirability of the studied short-term rental regulations.

Companies are increasingly introducing conversational reviews—reviews solicited via chatbots—to gain customer feedback. However, little is known about how chatbot-mediated solicitation influences rating valence and review helpfulness compared to conventional online forms. Therefore, we conceptualized these review solicitation media on the continuum of anthropomorphism and investigated how various levels of anthropomorphism affect rating valence and review helpfulness, showing that more anthropomorphic media lead to more positive and less helpful reviews. We found that moderate levels of anthropomorphism lead to increased interaction enjoyment, and high levels increase social presence, thus inflating the rating valence and decreasing review helpfulness. Further, the effect of anthropomorphism remains robust across review solicitors’ salience (sellers vs. platforms) and expressed emotionality in conversations. Our study is among the first to investigate chatbots as a new form of technology to solicit online reviews, providing insights to inform various stakeholders of the advantages, drawbacks, and potential ethical concerns of anthropomorphic technology in customer feedback solicitation.

Customer reviews, price discounts, and free shipping are powerful drivers of online purchases. Prior research demonstrates their direct effects on consumer behavior, usually with the assumption that they operate independently. By examining the interplays of online reviews and marketing promotions, this study offers a richer, more comprehensive perspective on how these drivers work together to shape consumers’ preferences and influence product sales. The authors examine these effects using both an online experiment (Study 1) and an analysis of a secondary data set (Study 2). Results demonstrate that when developing promotional schedules for e-commerce sites, managers must account for both the volume and valence of their products’ reviews; failing to address these dynamics may lead to reduced profit margins. A key insight is the limited performance of price discounts when a critical number of reviews accumulates, resulting in margin erosion without demand creation. The implications of these results are discussed.

Influencers (e.g., live streamers) earn gratuities from engaging customers, a phenomenon that we label as engagement monetization. Although scholars have advocated a process view of customer engagement, they tend to accentuate unidirectional transitions from low- to high-engagement-level states. This constrains influencers’ understanding of customer engagement, which in turn inhibits their ability to both trigger profitable states of engagement as well as prevent deteriorating states of engagement from manifesting. To this end, we extend extant literature by conceptualizing customer engagement as an emergent process that embodies engagement states and engagement transitions. Empirically, we conduct an illustrative study in the context of entertainment live streaming and subscribe to the Markov chain method to showcase how customer engagement transition can be modeled. Based on 91,148 engagement records, we scrutinize the effects of influencers’ scheduling strategy on engagement transitions and viewers’ gratuities using the Multilevel Linear Model (MLM). Findings yield practical implications for influencers in terms of how live streaming sessions can be strategically scheduled to bolster customer engagement and monetization opportunities.

This research tested the “bad influencer” effect, whereby consumers are less willing to connect with people on social media who post about their indulgence (vs. self-control) with respect to the goals valued by those consumers. We present six studies that test the bad-influencer effect across multiple domains involving indulgence (vs. self-control): eating indulgent (vs. healthy) foods, spending time mindlessly (vs. mindfully), and using profane (vs. proper) language. Our findings show consumers are less willing to connect with people whose social media posts appear indulgent (vs. self-controlled) because they believe such posters will more negatively influence their own valued goals (i.e., interpersonal instrumentality expectations). We further identify two theoretically derived moderators of the bad-influencer effect: goal commitment amplifies the effect, whereas goal suppression attenuates the effect. Finally, we show that willingness to connect (WTC) has downstream consequences for consumers’ receptivity to word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations made by posters. Our research suggests that content creators and marketing managers seeking to maximize connections should avoid sharing content that appears indulgent with respect to their target audience’s goals.

Contracting is a cornerstone of productive interorganizational exchange; and while much research has been conducted about how contracts impact exchange consequences (e.g., transaction costs, performance), there is less understanding of how contracts shape the mediating behaviors and exchange processes that lead to those consequences. We demonstrate how flexible and vigilant exchange processes mediate promotion and prevention frames in building expectations of relationship continuity. We further identify interpretive uncertainty—a perceptual misalignment between the exchange parties—as a key moderator weakening flexible exchange processes’ impact on continuity expectations. These insights are empirically verified in samples involving 661 managers and executives across a wide range of industry contexts. Our results provide key theoretical and managerial implications.