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Reduction of Cr (VI) Formation in Leather with Herbal Extracts 用草药提取物减少皮革中六价铬的形成
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i2.8324
R. Mirzamuratova, E. E. Bayramoğlu, G. Yeldiyar
This study investigates the effects of extracts from natural products such as oak bark, and onion peel, on the formation of Hexavalent Chromium (chromium (VI)) or (Cr (VI)) in leather during the finishing process. To enable chromium (VI) formation, finished leather samples were aged under various conditions, including exposure to UV light. The amount of chromium (VI) in each leather sample was measured using a PC UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 540 nm based on the ISO/FDIS 17075 standard method. The results showed that extracts from Quercus cortex, and Allium cepa significantly reduced chromium (VI) formation in the leather under all aging conditions.
本研究调查了从橡树皮和洋葱皮等天然产品中提取的萃取物对涂饰过程中皮革中六价铬(铬 (VI) 或 Cr (VI))形成的影响。为确保铬(VI)的形成,对成品皮革样品进行了不同条件下的老化处理,包括紫外线照射。根据 ISO/FDIS 17075 标准方法,使用 PC 紫外可见分光光度计在 540 纳米波长处测量每个皮革样品中的铬(VI)含量。结果表明,在所有老化条件下,柞树皮层和薤白提取物都能显著减少皮革中铬(VI)的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Finished Leather Preservation 可持续的皮革成品保存
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i2.8323
Ruby Shekinah, S. Kailasam, Sujata Mandal, S. Kanth
Part 1 of the current paper described the green synthesis of myrobalan capped copper nanoparticles for the preservation of the finished leather. In Part II of the current study, Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using green synthesis with wattle (tannin) extract as a reducing agent. Green synthesis is the preferred approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles due to its eco-friendly and cost-effectiveness for the preservation of finished leather. To improve the antibacterial qualities of leather with different types of finishes, the resin finished leather was coated with synthesized wattle copper nanoparticles (W-CuNPs). The chemical constituents of wattle induce the reduction of Cu2+ ions to CuNPs with the capping process and also remain as a stabilizing agent for the capping process. The formation of W-CuNPs was confirmed by UV-Spectroscopy at an absorbance of 467 nm. The identified functional groups such as -OH, C=C, and C-N were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) which are responsible for the reduction and stabilization of copper nanoparticles. The spherical shape of the nanoparticles was ascertained by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), whereas Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies confirmed the presence of copper with 65%. The average particle size of W-CuNPs was found to be 96 nm. The zeta potential value of -24 mv affirmed the stability of the W-CuNPs. The maximum zone of inhibition was 12 mm against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and 11 mm against Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens) bacteria on W-CuNPs coated finished leather, which exhibits strong antimicrobial activity. Hence, CuNPs synthesized by wattle extract have the potential to preserve the finished leather and its products as an antibacterial agent.
本文的第一部分介绍了用于成品革防腐的麝香草醛封端纳米铜粒子的绿色合成。在本研究的第二部分中,采用绿色合成法,以荆条(单宁)提取物作为还原剂,合成了纳米铜粒子(CuNPs)。绿色合成法是合成金属纳米粒子的首选方法,因为它既环保又具有成本效益,可用于保存成品皮革。为了提高不同类型涂饰皮革的抗菌质量,在树脂涂饰皮革上涂覆了合成的荆条纳米铜粒子(W-CuNPs)。在覆层过程中,荆条的化学成分会诱导 Cu2+ 离子还原成 CuNPs,并在覆层过程中起到稳定剂的作用。W-CuNPs 的形成经紫外光谱(吸光度为 467 纳米)确认。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了已确定的官能团,如 -OH、C=C 和 C-N,它们是铜纳米粒子还原和稳定的原因。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)确定了纳米颗粒的球形,而能量色散 X 射线(EDX)研究则证实了 65% 的铜存在。W-CuNPs 的平均粒径为 96 nm。Zeta 电位值为 -24 mv,这证实了 W-CuNPs 的稳定性。在涂有 W-CuNPs 的成品革上,对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草杆菌)的最大抑菌区为 12 毫米,对革兰氏阴性菌(肉豆蔻沙雷氏菌)的最大抑菌区为 11 毫米,显示出很强的抗菌活性。因此,用荆条提取物合成的 CuNPs 具有作为抗菌剂保存皮革成品及其制品的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Goatskins Tanned using Banana (Musa spp.) Leaf Midrib Tannins 使用香蕉(麝香草属)叶中肋单宁鞣制山羊皮的物理特性评估
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8290
James K. Wangui, Benson Ongarora, Douglas Onyancha
Vegetable tannins have been studied over the years with an aim to reduce the pollution load caused by chrome tanning. Although mimosa tannins have been utilized commercially, they are expensive and not readily available. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical properties of leather tanned with banana leaf midribs tannins in order to determine their suitability as vegetable tannins. Selected banana leaf midrib samples were collected from Gikondi village in Mukurweini, Nyeri County, Kenya. They were shade-dried and ground into powder. The skins were processed conventionally using banana leaf midribs tannins of Musa sapientum Linn. and ‘Muraru’ (AA genome), with mimosa as a control. The physical properties of the resultant leathers were determined following the standard IUP methods. It was found that Musa sapenitum Linn, ‘Muraru’ (AA genome) and mimosa-tanned leathers had average shrinkage temperatures of 80.33 ± 0.74°C, 78.67 ± 0.47°C and 81.67 ± 0.94°C, respectively. The properties of the tanned leathers were compared with those of the control-tanned leather. Assessment of the physical properties indicated that the leathers met the minimum recommended values safe for Musa sapentium Linn-tanned leather, which failed at 30,000 flexes. These results indicate that banana leaf midribs can be used as an organic tanning agent source for production of leathers from goatskins.
多年来,人们一直在研究植物单宁,以减少铬鞣造成的污染负荷。虽然含羞草单宁已被商业化利用,但其价格昂贵且不易获得。这项研究的目的是评估用香蕉叶中肋单宁鞣制的皮革的物理特性,以确定它们是否适合用作植物单宁。研究人员从肯尼亚尼耶里县 Mukurweini 的 Gikondi 村收集了部分香蕉叶中肋样本。这些样品被阴干并磨成粉末。使用林木蕉和'Muraru'(AA 基因组)的香蕉叶中肋单宁,以含羞草为对照,对香蕉皮进行传统加工。按照标准的 IUP 方法测定了所得皮革的物理性质。结果发现,Musa sapenitum Linn、'Muraru'(AA 基因组)和含羞草鞣革的平均收缩温度分别为 80.33 ± 0.74°C、78.67 ± 0.47°C 和 81.67 ± 0.94°C。鞣革的特性与对照鞣革的特性进行了比较。对物理特性的评估表明,这些皮革达到了林麝鞣革的最低安全推荐值,但在 30,000 次弯曲时失效。这些结果表明,香蕉叶中段可用作生产山羊皮皮革的有机鞣剂来源。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Pigment-Acrylic Binder Ratio on the Surface and Physical Properties of Resin Finished Leather 颜料-丙烯酸粘合剂比例对树脂涂饰皮革表面和物理特性的影响
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8291
Suriya Madhan, Mishamo Wakaso, Sathya Ramalingam, S. Kanth
The current study attempts to investigate the surface phenomenon and physical characteristics of leather finished with brown pigment and different types of acrylic binders. Using the contact angle measurements of three different liquids on the above finished leathers and films, the surface energy and work of adhesion were evaluated. The pigment to acrylic binder ratio (PABR) for best adhesion of finish film on the leather surface was optimized using the contact angle goniometer. Different types of acrylic binder films were coated and their surface behaviour was studied. The crust leather was coated with different types of pigment-acrylic binder (Very Soft, Soft and Medium Soft) finish formulations. The contact angle of both the acrylic films and the PABR finished leathers were measured against Water, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Hexadecane (HD). According to the study’s results, the surface properties of finished leather were directly related to the degree of wetting. The PABR was found to be effective at 1:3 for very soft binder, 1:2.5 for soft, 1:2 for medium soft binders due to higher contact angle and lower surface energy values (γsv). At 1:3 and 1:2.5, the contact angle of very soft and soft binder leather was 82.62° and 83.45° and for medium soft binder it was 82.67° at 1:2 ratio. The surface energy values of optimized PABR of very soft binder (1:3) was 28.29 (mN/M), soft binder (1:2.5) was 27.50 (mN/m) and medium soft binder (1:2) was 29.27 (mN/m). The optimized PABR work of adhesion values of very soft binder, soft binder and medium soft binder was 82.15 (mJm-2), 81.11 (mJm-2), 82.09 (mJm-2). In order to correlate the observed surface properties with leather finish properties, finished leathers were tested for finish adhesion, vamp flexing value, water vapour permeability, wet and dry rub fastness. According to the water vapour permeability, soft and medium binder showed good permeation due to the uncovering of nanopores. But the adhesion, grain crack resistance and grain smoothness were higher in the case of the soft binder. Overall leather properties divulges that the pigment to binder ratio and the type of binder plays an important role in surface properties of the finished leather. This study enables us to determine the optimal PABR for effective finish properties to meet the required leather standards for various usage, as well as better utilisation of finishing chemicals.
本研究试图调查使用棕色颜料和不同类型丙烯酸粘合剂涂饰的皮革的表面现象和物理特性。通过测量三种不同液体在上述涂饰皮革和薄膜上的接触角,评估了表面能和附着功。使用接触角测角仪优化了颜料与丙烯酸粘合剂的比率(PABR),以获得涂饰薄膜在皮革表面上的最佳粘附力。涂覆了不同类型的丙烯酸粘合剂薄膜,并对其表面行为进行了研究。用不同类型的颜料-丙烯酸粘合剂(极软、软和中软)涂饰配方涂覆硬皮。测量了丙烯酸薄膜和 PABR 涂饰皮革与水、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和十六烷(HD)的接触角。研究结果表明,成品革的表面特性与润湿程度直接相关。由于接触角较大且表面能值(γsv)较低,PABR 在极软粘合剂为 1:3 时有效,在软粘合剂为 1:2.5 时有效,在中等软粘合剂为 1:2 时有效。在 1:3 和 1:2.5 的比例下,极柔软和柔软粘合剂皮革的接触角分别为 82.62° 和 83.45°,而在 1:2 的比例下,中等柔软粘合剂的接触角为 82.67°。极软粘合剂(1:3)的优化 PABR 表面能值为 28.29(mN/M),软粘合剂(1:2.5)为 27.50(mN/m),中软粘合剂(1:2)为 29.27(mN/m)。极软粘合剂、软粘合剂和中软粘合剂的优化 PABR 附着功值分别为 82.15 (mJm-2)、81.11 (mJm-2) 和 82.09 (mJm-2)。为了将观察到的表面特性与皮革的涂饰特性联系起来,对涂饰皮革的附着力、鞋面挠曲值、水蒸气渗透性、干湿摩擦牢度进行了测试。根据水蒸气渗透性,软质和中质粘合剂由于纳米孔的揭露而显示出良好的渗透性。但软质粘合剂的附着力、粒面抗裂性和粒面平滑度更高。皮革的整体特性表明,颜料与粘合剂的比例以及粘合剂的类型对成品革的表面特性起着重要作用。这项研究使我们能够确定最佳的 PABR,以获得有效的涂饰性能,满足各种用途所需的皮革标准,并更好地利用涂饰化学品。
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引用次数: 0
Super Robust, Anti-Bacterial Polyurethane Ionogel with High Sensitivity and Hydrophobicity 具有高灵敏度和疏水性的超强抗菌聚氨酯离子凝胶
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8293
Wei Wang, Shiyang Yan, Yihong Zhao, Hao Liu, Luming Yang, Biyu Peng
Ionogel based on ionic liquids plays a vital role in wearable electronic devices. In this study, a robust and anti-bacterial ionogel with high sensitivity and hydrophobicity is synthesized by adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to thermoplastic polyurethanes at a ratio of 1:1. The ionogel not only demonstrates tensile strength of 23.1 MPa and elongation at break of 1008%, but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance with low residual strain (8%) and small hysteresis loop. Ionic liquid makes the ionogel have high-temperature stability (T5% near 300°C) and low Tg (-63.3°C). Due to the anti-bacterial property of ionic liquid, the ionogel formed by ionic liquid has anti-bacterial property, with up to 99% inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus. The sensor prepared with the ionogel shows a Gauge Factor of 1.8, with a short response time (128 ms) and a stable induction signal under water and at low temperature. Due to those performance characteristics, we believe that the study could provide insights for subsequent research on ionogel-based wearable electronic devices, for instance, the development of electronic skin in the leather industry
基于离子液体的离子凝胶在可穿戴电子设备中发挥着重要作用。本研究以 1:1 的比例在热塑性聚氨酯中加入 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺,合成了一种具有高灵敏度和疏水性的坚固抗菌离子凝胶。这种离子凝胶不仅具有 23.1 兆帕的拉伸强度和 1008% 的断裂伸长率,而且还具有出色的抗疲劳性能,残余应变低(8%),滞后环小。离子液体使离子凝胶具有高温稳定性(T5% 接近 300°C)和低 Tg(-63.3°C)。由于离子液体的抗菌特性,离子液体形成的离子凝胶具有抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率高达 99%。用离子凝胶制备的传感器的测量系数为 1.8,响应时间短(128 毫秒),在水下和低温条件下感应信号稳定。基于这些性能特点,我们认为这项研究可为基于离子凝胶的可穿戴电子设备的后续研究提供启示,例如皮革业中电子皮肤的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Application of some Plant Extracts as Biocolorants for Leather During Finishing Process 一些植物提取物作为生物着色剂在皮革涂饰过程中的应用
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8289
Roza Mirzamuratova, E. E. Bayramoglu, Rashid Kaldybayev
In this research, chrome-tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed during the finishing process using plant extracts: walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa). In this study, the standard recipe applied by the factory was used in the leather finishing process. For this recipe, various plant extracts were used instead of pigments, and groups that did not contain pigment and any dyestuff were formed as the control groups.After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa) on the other performance properties of leather, dry and wet rub fastness test according to standard method TS EN ISO 11640 (2001) was performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated using the NCSS method (Number Cruncher Statistical System). As a result of the study, it was noticed that, depending on the extract, different colors were obtained. It was found that the dry and wet fastness of leathers treated with plant extracts improved.
在这项研究中,铬鞣牛皮在涂饰过程中使用了植物提取物染色:核桃壳(Juglans regia)、橡树皮(Quercus cortex)和洋葱皮(Allium cepa)。在本研究中,工厂在皮革涂饰过程中使用的是标准配方。在该配方中,使用了各种植物提取物代替颜料,并将不含颜料和任何染料的组作为对照组。为了研究核桃壳(Juglans regia)、橡树皮(Quercus cortex)和洋葱皮(Allium cepa)对皮革其他性能的影响,根据标准方法 TS EN ISO 11640(2001)进行了干湿摩擦牢度测试。研究结果采用 NCSS 方法(数字破碎统计系统)进行统计评估。研究结果表明,不同的提取物会产生不同的颜色。研究发现,用植物提取物处理过的皮革的干牢度和湿牢度都有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
Fungal Deterioration on Ancient Leather Artifacts 古代皮革文物上的真菌劣化现象
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8261
Zonghuan Ba, Mingrui Zhang, Yulong Chen, Yizhe Cao, Zhuofan Hu, Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya, Keyong Tang
Fungal deterioration of ancient leather artifacts is a significant problem for museums and archives, as it might cause significant damage to the valuable cultural heritage. The growth of fungi on these artifacts is affected by such environmental factors as temperature, relative humidity, pH, and light exposure. The environmental factors that contribute to fungal growth and the impact fungi on the deterioration of ancient leather artifacts are discussed here. An overview is summarized on the strategies to prevent and control fungal deterioration, including the environmental control, the use of biocides, and conservation treatments, which is proposed to provide a valuable guidance for the preservation of ancient leather artifacts.
古代皮革制品的真菌退化是博物馆和档案馆面临的一个重大问题,因为它可能对宝贵的文化遗产造成重大损害。真菌在这些人工制品上的生长受到诸如温度、相对湿度、pH值和光照等环境因素的影响。本文讨论了影响真菌生长的环境因素以及真菌对古代皮革制品变质的影响。本文从环境控制、杀菌剂的使用、保护措施等方面综述了古皮革制品真菌退化的防治策略,以期为古皮革制品的保护提供有价值的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the 62nd John Arthur Wilson Lecture 第 62 届约翰-阿瑟-威尔逊讲座简介
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8255
Eric Webb
117TH ANNUAL CONVENTION — JUNE 20 – 23, 2023
第117届年会- 2023年6月20日至23日
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引用次数: 0
Retelling “Viewing Leather Through the Eyes of Science” A Century On 一个世纪以来重述 "用科学的眼光看皮革"
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8256
Mike Redwood
The 62nd John Arthur Wilson Memorial Lecture
第62届约翰·亚瑟·威尔逊纪念讲座
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引用次数: 0
Council Meeting Minutes 理事会会议记录
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8257
Joseph Hoefler, John Rodden
AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATIONGrand Geneva Resort & Spa, Lake Geneva, WIJune 20, 2023 Officers: Joseph Hoefler, John RoddenCouncilors: Shawn Brown, Myron Hooks, Steve Lange, Lee Lehman, and Roger A. PintoExecutive Secretary: Carol Adcock; Kristina HallConvention Chair: Sarah Drayna
美国皮革化学家协会日内瓦大度假村和水疗中心,日内瓦湖,2023年6月20日官员:Joseph Hoefler, John rodden顾问:Shawn Brown, Myron Hooks, Steve Lange, Lee Lehman和Roger A. pinto执行秘书:Carol Adcock;会议主席:Sarah Drayna
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association
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