Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8290
James K. Wangui, Benson Ongarora, Douglas Onyancha
Vegetable tannins have been studied over the years with an aim to reduce the pollution load caused by chrome tanning. Although mimosa tannins have been utilized commercially, they are expensive and not readily available. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical properties of leather tanned with banana leaf midribs tannins in order to determine their suitability as vegetable tannins. Selected banana leaf midrib samples were collected from Gikondi village in Mukurweini, Nyeri County, Kenya. They were shade-dried and ground into powder. The skins were processed conventionally using banana leaf midribs tannins of Musa sapientum Linn. and ‘Muraru’ (AA genome), with mimosa as a control. The physical properties of the resultant leathers were determined following the standard IUP methods. It was found that Musa sapenitum Linn, ‘Muraru’ (AA genome) and mimosa-tanned leathers had average shrinkage temperatures of 80.33 ± 0.74°C, 78.67 ± 0.47°C and 81.67 ± 0.94°C, respectively. The properties of the tanned leathers were compared with those of the control-tanned leather. Assessment of the physical properties indicated that the leathers met the minimum recommended values safe for Musa sapentium Linn-tanned leather, which failed at 30,000 flexes. These results indicate that banana leaf midribs can be used as an organic tanning agent source for production of leathers from goatskins.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Goatskins Tanned using Banana (Musa spp.) Leaf Midrib Tannins","authors":"James K. Wangui, Benson Ongarora, Douglas Onyancha","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8290","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable tannins have been studied over the years with an aim to reduce the pollution load caused by chrome tanning. Although mimosa tannins have been utilized commercially, they are expensive and not readily available. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical properties of leather tanned with banana leaf midribs tannins in order to determine their suitability as vegetable tannins. Selected banana leaf midrib samples were collected from Gikondi village in Mukurweini, Nyeri County, Kenya. They were shade-dried and ground into powder. The skins were processed conventionally using banana leaf midribs tannins of Musa sapientum Linn. and ‘Muraru’ (AA genome), with mimosa as a control. The physical properties of the resultant leathers were determined following the standard IUP methods. It was found that Musa sapenitum Linn, ‘Muraru’ (AA genome) and mimosa-tanned leathers had average shrinkage temperatures of 80.33 ± 0.74°C, 78.67 ± 0.47°C and 81.67 ± 0.94°C, respectively. The properties of the tanned leathers were compared with those of the control-tanned leather. Assessment of the physical properties indicated that the leathers met the minimum recommended values safe for Musa sapentium Linn-tanned leather, which failed at 30,000 flexes. These results indicate that banana leaf midribs can be used as an organic tanning agent source for production of leathers from goatskins.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"107 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8291
Suriya Madhan, Mishamo Wakaso, Sathya Ramalingam, S. Kanth
The current study attempts to investigate the surface phenomenon and physical characteristics of leather finished with brown pigment and different types of acrylic binders. Using the contact angle measurements of three different liquids on the above finished leathers and films, the surface energy and work of adhesion were evaluated. The pigment to acrylic binder ratio (PABR) for best adhesion of finish film on the leather surface was optimized using the contact angle goniometer. Different types of acrylic binder films were coated and their surface behaviour was studied. The crust leather was coated with different types of pigment-acrylic binder (Very Soft, Soft and Medium Soft) finish formulations. The contact angle of both the acrylic films and the PABR finished leathers were measured against Water, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Hexadecane (HD). According to the study’s results, the surface properties of finished leather were directly related to the degree of wetting. The PABR was found to be effective at 1:3 for very soft binder, 1:2.5 for soft, 1:2 for medium soft binders due to higher contact angle and lower surface energy values (γsv). At 1:3 and 1:2.5, the contact angle of very soft and soft binder leather was 82.62° and 83.45° and for medium soft binder it was 82.67° at 1:2 ratio. The surface energy values of optimized PABR of very soft binder (1:3) was 28.29 (mN/M), soft binder (1:2.5) was 27.50 (mN/m) and medium soft binder (1:2) was 29.27 (mN/m). The optimized PABR work of adhesion values of very soft binder, soft binder and medium soft binder was 82.15 (mJm-2), 81.11 (mJm-2), 82.09 (mJm-2). In order to correlate the observed surface properties with leather finish properties, finished leathers were tested for finish adhesion, vamp flexing value, water vapour permeability, wet and dry rub fastness. According to the water vapour permeability, soft and medium binder showed good permeation due to the uncovering of nanopores. But the adhesion, grain crack resistance and grain smoothness were higher in the case of the soft binder. Overall leather properties divulges that the pigment to binder ratio and the type of binder plays an important role in surface properties of the finished leather. This study enables us to determine the optimal PABR for effective finish properties to meet the required leather standards for various usage, as well as better utilisation of finishing chemicals.
{"title":"Effect of Pigment-Acrylic Binder Ratio on the Surface and Physical Properties of Resin Finished Leather","authors":"Suriya Madhan, Mishamo Wakaso, Sathya Ramalingam, S. Kanth","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8291","url":null,"abstract":"The current study attempts to investigate the surface phenomenon and physical characteristics of leather finished with brown pigment and different types of acrylic binders. Using the contact angle measurements of three different liquids on the above finished leathers and films, the surface energy and work of adhesion were evaluated. The pigment to acrylic binder ratio (PABR) for best adhesion of finish film on the leather surface was optimized using the contact angle goniometer. Different types of acrylic binder films were coated and their surface behaviour was studied. The crust leather was coated with different types of pigment-acrylic binder (Very Soft, Soft and Medium Soft) finish formulations. The contact angle of both the acrylic films and the PABR finished leathers were measured against Water, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Hexadecane (HD). According to the study’s results, the surface properties of finished leather were directly related to the degree of wetting. The PABR was found to be effective at 1:3 for very soft binder, 1:2.5 for soft, 1:2 for medium soft binders due to higher contact angle and lower surface energy values (γsv). At 1:3 and 1:2.5, the contact angle of very soft and soft binder leather was 82.62° and 83.45° and for medium soft binder it was 82.67° at 1:2 ratio. The surface energy values of optimized PABR of very soft binder (1:3) was 28.29 (mN/M), soft binder (1:2.5) was 27.50 (mN/m) and medium soft binder (1:2) was 29.27 (mN/m). The optimized PABR work of adhesion values of very soft binder, soft binder and medium soft binder was 82.15 (mJm-2), 81.11 (mJm-2), 82.09 (mJm-2). In order to correlate the observed surface properties with leather finish properties, finished leathers were tested for finish adhesion, vamp flexing value, water vapour permeability, wet and dry rub fastness. According to the water vapour permeability, soft and medium binder showed good permeation due to the uncovering of nanopores. But the adhesion, grain crack resistance and grain smoothness were higher in the case of the soft binder. Overall leather properties divulges that the pigment to binder ratio and the type of binder plays an important role in surface properties of the finished leather. This study enables us to determine the optimal PABR for effective finish properties to meet the required leather standards for various usage, as well as better utilisation of finishing chemicals.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ionogel based on ionic liquids plays a vital role in wearable electronic devices. In this study, a robust and anti-bacterial ionogel with high sensitivity and hydrophobicity is synthesized by adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to thermoplastic polyurethanes at a ratio of 1:1. The ionogel not only demonstrates tensile strength of 23.1 MPa and elongation at break of 1008%, but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance with low residual strain (8%) and small hysteresis loop. Ionic liquid makes the ionogel have high-temperature stability (T5% near 300°C) and low Tg (-63.3°C). Due to the anti-bacterial property of ionic liquid, the ionogel formed by ionic liquid has anti-bacterial property, with up to 99% inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus. The sensor prepared with the ionogel shows a Gauge Factor of 1.8, with a short response time (128 ms) and a stable induction signal under water and at low temperature. Due to those performance characteristics, we believe that the study could provide insights for subsequent research on ionogel-based wearable electronic devices, for instance, the development of electronic skin in the leather industry
{"title":"Super Robust, Anti-Bacterial Polyurethane Ionogel with High Sensitivity and Hydrophobicity","authors":"Wei Wang, Shiyang Yan, Yihong Zhao, Hao Liu, Luming Yang, Biyu Peng","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8293","url":null,"abstract":"Ionogel based on ionic liquids plays a vital role in wearable electronic devices. In this study, a robust and anti-bacterial ionogel with high sensitivity and hydrophobicity is synthesized by adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to thermoplastic polyurethanes at a ratio of 1:1. The ionogel not only demonstrates tensile strength of 23.1 MPa and elongation at break of 1008%, but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance with low residual strain (8%) and small hysteresis loop. Ionic liquid makes the ionogel have high-temperature stability (T5% near 300°C) and low Tg (-63.3°C). Due to the anti-bacterial property of ionic liquid, the ionogel formed by ionic liquid has anti-bacterial property, with up to 99% inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus. The sensor prepared with the ionogel shows a Gauge Factor of 1.8, with a short response time (128 ms) and a stable induction signal under water and at low temperature. Due to those performance characteristics, we believe that the study could provide insights for subsequent research on ionogel-based wearable electronic devices, for instance, the development of electronic skin in the leather industry","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"100 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8289
Roza Mirzamuratova, E. E. Bayramoglu, Rashid Kaldybayev
In this research, chrome-tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed during the finishing process using plant extracts: walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa). In this study, the standard recipe applied by the factory was used in the leather finishing process. For this recipe, various plant extracts were used instead of pigments, and groups that did not contain pigment and any dyestuff were formed as the control groups. After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa) on the other performance properties of leather, dry and wet rub fastness test according to standard method TS EN ISO 11640 (2001) was performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated using the NCSS method (Number Cruncher Statistical System). As a result of the study, it was noticed that, depending on the extract, different colors were obtained. It was found that the dry and wet fastness of leathers treated with plant extracts improved.
在这项研究中，铬鞣牛皮在涂饰过程中使用了植物提取物染色：核桃壳（Juglans regia）、橡树皮（Quercus cortex）和洋葱皮（Allium cepa）。在本研究中，工厂在皮革涂饰过程中使用的是标准配方。在该配方中，使用了各种植物提取物代替颜料，并将不含颜料和任何染料的组作为对照组。为了研究核桃壳（Juglans regia）、橡树皮（Quercus cortex）和洋葱皮（Allium cepa）对皮革其他性能的影响，根据标准方法 TS EN ISO 11640（2001）进行了干湿摩擦牢度测试。研究结果采用 NCSS 方法（数字破碎统计系统）进行统计评估。研究结果表明，不同的提取物会产生不同的颜色。研究发现，用植物提取物处理过的皮革的干牢度和湿牢度都有所提高。
{"title":"Application of some Plant Extracts as Biocolorants for Leather During Finishing Process","authors":"Roza Mirzamuratova, E. E. Bayramoglu, Rashid Kaldybayev","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8289","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, chrome-tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed during the finishing process using plant extracts: walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa). In this study, the standard recipe applied by the factory was used in the leather finishing process. For this recipe, various plant extracts were used instead of pigments, and groups that did not contain pigment and any dyestuff were formed as the control groups.\u0000After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa) on the other performance properties of leather, dry and wet rub fastness test according to standard method TS EN ISO 11640 (2001) was performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated using the NCSS method (Number Cruncher Statistical System). As a result of the study, it was noticed that, depending on the extract, different colors were obtained. It was found that the dry and wet fastness of leathers treated with plant extracts improved.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal deterioration of ancient leather artifacts is a significant problem for museums and archives, as it might cause significant damage to the valuable cultural heritage. The growth of fungi on these artifacts is affected by such environmental factors as temperature, relative humidity, pH, and light exposure. The environmental factors that contribute to fungal growth and the impact fungi on the deterioration of ancient leather artifacts are discussed here. An overview is summarized on the strategies to prevent and control fungal deterioration, including the environmental control, the use of biocides, and conservation treatments, which is proposed to provide a valuable guidance for the preservation of ancient leather artifacts.
{"title":"Fungal Deterioration on Ancient Leather Artifacts","authors":"Zonghuan Ba, Mingrui Zhang, Yulong Chen, Yizhe Cao, Zhuofan Hu, Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya, Keyong Tang","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8261","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal deterioration of ancient leather artifacts is a significant problem for museums and archives, as it might cause significant damage to the valuable cultural heritage. The growth of fungi on these artifacts is affected by such environmental factors as temperature, relative humidity, pH, and light exposure. The environmental factors that contribute to fungal growth and the impact fungi on the deterioration of ancient leather artifacts are discussed here. An overview is summarized on the strategies to prevent and control fungal deterioration, including the environmental control, the use of biocides, and conservation treatments, which is proposed to provide a valuable guidance for the preservation of ancient leather artifacts.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8255
Eric Webb
117TH ANNUAL CONVENTION — JUNE 20 – 23, 2023
第117届年会- 2023年6月20日至23日
{"title":"Introduction to the 62nd John Arthur Wilson Lecture","authors":"Eric Webb","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8255","url":null,"abstract":"117TH ANNUAL CONVENTION — JUNE 20 – 23, 2023","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8256
Mike Redwood
The 62nd John Arthur Wilson Memorial Lecture
第62届约翰·亚瑟·威尔逊纪念讲座
{"title":"Retelling “Viewing Leather Through the Eyes of Science” A Century On","authors":"Mike Redwood","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8256","url":null,"abstract":"The 62nd John Arthur Wilson Memorial Lecture","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8257
Joseph Hoefler, John Rodden
AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATIONGrand Geneva Resort & Spa, Lake Geneva, WIJune 20, 2023 Officers: Joseph Hoefler, John RoddenCouncilors: Shawn Brown, Myron Hooks, Steve Lange, Lee Lehman, and Roger A. PintoExecutive Secretary: Carol Adcock; Kristina HallConvention Chair: Sarah Drayna
美国皮革化学家协会日内瓦大度假村和水疗中心，日内瓦湖，2023年6月20日官员:Joseph Hoefler, John rodden顾问:Shawn Brown, Myron Hooks, Steve Lange, Lee Lehman和Roger A. pinto执行秘书:Carol Adcock;会议主席:Sarah Drayna
{"title":"Council Meeting Minutes","authors":"Joseph Hoefler, John Rodden","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8257","url":null,"abstract":"AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATIONGrand Geneva Resort & Spa, Lake Geneva, WIJune 20, 2023 \u0000Officers: Joseph Hoefler, John RoddenCouncilors: Shawn Brown, Myron Hooks, Steve Lange, Lee Lehman, and Roger A. PintoExecutive Secretary: Carol Adcock; Kristina HallConvention Chair: Sarah Drayna","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8260
Joseph Hoefler
Awards Banquet Opening and Closing Remarks
颁奖宴会开幕及闭幕致辞
{"title":"Awards Banquet Opening and Closing Remarks","authors":"Joseph Hoefler","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8260","url":null,"abstract":"Awards Banquet Opening and Closing Remarks","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8258
Scott Northam
Acountant's Report
Acountant的报告
{"title":"Independent Accountant's Report on the Application of Agreed-upon Procedures","authors":"Scott Northam","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i12.8258","url":null,"abstract":"Acountant's Report","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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