Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248
J. Alla, Nishad Fathima Nishter, J. Rao
In the present study we have synthesised thermoresponsive syntan using phase changing material (PCM) encapsulated into a replacement syntan. Syntan was analysed for their particle size, thermal response was verified using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface morphology was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These syntans were applied to leathers for making leather thermoresponsive. The thermal comfort range achieved on leathers prepared using the experimental syntan was about 2.5℃, compared to control of about 0.5℃ with an error of ±0.5℃. The physical and strength properties of experimental leathers were superior compared to control.
{"title":"Dual Functional Replacement Syntans for Leather","authors":"J. Alla, Nishad Fathima Nishter, J. Rao","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4248","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study we have synthesised thermoresponsive syntan using phase changing material (PCM) encapsulated into a replacement syntan. Syntan was analysed for their particle size, thermal response was verified using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface morphology was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These syntans were applied to leathers for making leather thermoresponsive. The thermal comfort range achieved on leathers prepared using the experimental syntan was about 2.5℃, compared to control of about 0.5℃ with an error of ±0.5℃. The physical and strength properties of experimental leathers were superior compared to control.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72477356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249
Cigdem Ozkan, H. Ozgunay
Dialdehyde starches with different aldehyde content from native corn starch were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation to be used as a tanning agent in leather making. For this purpose, native corn starch was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate in different molar ratios. After oxidation processes, the yields, solubility in water and aldehyde contents of the obtained dialdehyde starches were determined as well as structure characterizations by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Evaluating the gel permeation chromatography data, the dialdehyde starch samples which were thought to be in appropriate molecular weight/size to penetrate into skin fibers were selected to be used in the tanning process. Their tanning abilities were evaluated by investigating hydrothermal stabilities, filling and fiber isolation characteristics and physical properties determined by mechanical tests and organoleptically. From the evaluation of the results, it was revealed that sodium metaperiodate oxidized starches which have appropriate molecular weight and adequate aldehyde content has a remarkable tanning effect and can be utilized as a tanning agent with the advantages of not necessitating pickling process which means saving time and simplifying the production but more importantly offering an important advantage from an environmental point of view.
{"title":"Alternative Tanning Agent for Leather Industry from a Sustainable Source","authors":"Cigdem Ozkan, H. Ozgunay","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249","url":null,"abstract":"Dialdehyde starches with different aldehyde content from native corn starch were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation to be used as a tanning agent in leather making. For this purpose, native corn starch was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate in different molar ratios. After oxidation processes, the yields, solubility in water and aldehyde contents of the obtained dialdehyde starches were determined as well as structure characterizations by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Evaluating the gel permeation chromatography data, the dialdehyde starch samples which were thought to be in appropriate molecular weight/size to penetrate into skin fibers were selected to be used in the tanning process. Their tanning abilities were evaluated by investigating hydrothermal stabilities, filling and fiber isolation characteristics and physical properties determined by mechanical tests and organoleptically. From the evaluation of the results, it was revealed that sodium metaperiodate oxidized starches which have appropriate molecular weight and adequate aldehyde content has a remarkable tanning effect and can be utilized as a tanning agent with the advantages of not necessitating pickling process which means saving time and simplifying the production but more importantly offering an important advantage from an environmental point of view.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83003063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250
Han-Wei Su, Guoying Li
To figure out how polyphenol compounds with a low molecular weight helped in aluminum tannage, a complex of gallic acid and aluminum as well as its application to the tanning of hide powder was studied in this paper. Precipitation points of aluminum chloride solution with different concentrations of gallic acid were measured to guide the basification in hide powder tannage. UV-Visible spectra showed that gallic acid and aluminum would form soluble complexes in aqueous solution and the complexation reaction was pH reliable. Through stoichiometry studies, generations of the 1:2 complex under pH 4.0 and 2:3 complex under pH 4.5 were discovered. Results of stoichiometry studies and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed that aluminum-gallic acid complex played the role of links which connected collagen molecules rather than gallic acid or aluminum forming individual bridges with collagen. According to the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravity analysis (TGA), denaturation temperature (Td) of hide powder tanned with different methods, such as aluminum, gallic acid-aluminum combination or aluminum-gallic acid complex, was 76.1°, 82.8° and 85.5°C respectively, and the initial decomposition temperature for the aluminum-gallic acid complex tannage was 300.7°C, also higher than those for another two methods. Furthermore, the results of inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) showed that after washing for 12 h, the Al2O3 content in hide powder tanned with complex could be maintained at 93.42% of that in unwashed samples, which was the highest among three tanning methods.
{"title":"Tanning with Aluminum-Gallic Acid Complex","authors":"Han-Wei Su, Guoying Li","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250","url":null,"abstract":"To figure out how polyphenol compounds with a low molecular weight helped in aluminum tannage, a complex of gallic acid and aluminum as well as its application to the tanning of hide powder was studied in this paper. Precipitation points of aluminum chloride solution with different concentrations of gallic acid were measured to guide the basification in hide powder tannage. UV-Visible spectra showed that gallic acid and aluminum would form soluble complexes in aqueous solution and the complexation reaction was pH reliable. Through stoichiometry studies, generations of the 1:2 complex under pH 4.0 and 2:3 complex under pH 4.5 were discovered. Results of stoichiometry studies and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed that aluminum-gallic acid complex played the role of links which connected collagen molecules rather than gallic acid or aluminum forming individual bridges with collagen. According to the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravity analysis (TGA), denaturation temperature (Td) of hide powder tanned with different methods, such as aluminum, gallic acid-aluminum combination or aluminum-gallic acid complex, was 76.1°, 82.8° and 85.5°C respectively, and the initial decomposition temperature for the aluminum-gallic acid complex tannage was 300.7°C, also higher than those for another two methods. Furthermore, the results of inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) showed that after washing for 12 h, the Al2O3 content in hide powder tanned with complex could be maintained at 93.42% of that in unwashed samples, which was the highest among three tanning methods.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79437477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235
E. Bañón, A. Torró, A. N. García, M. León, A. Marcilla
Leather tanned with different agents was pyrolyzed in the presence of CoCl2 and MnCl2 catalysts. A bovine leather sample tanned with two inorganic tanning agents (chromium and titanium salts) and two organic tanning agents (glutaraldehyde and methylacrylic resin) has been used in this study. The samples were soaked in solutions of CoCl2 or MnCl2 of known concentration. The influence on decomposition temperature and the resultant pyrolysis compounds has been evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and flash pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). A multivariate analysis has been applied to the pyrolysis products obtained confirming the effect of the catalyst treatment on leather,
{"title":"Thermal Characterization and Pyrolysis of Waste Leather Treated with CoCl₂ And MnC₂","authors":"E. Bañón, A. Torró, A. N. García, M. León, A. Marcilla","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235","url":null,"abstract":"Leather tanned with different agents was pyrolyzed in the presence of CoCl2 and MnCl2 catalysts. A bovine leather sample tanned with two inorganic tanning agents (chromium and titanium salts) and two organic tanning agents (glutaraldehyde and methylacrylic resin) has been used in this study. The samples were soaked in solutions of CoCl2 or MnCl2 of known concentration. The influence on decomposition temperature and the resultant pyrolysis compounds has been evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and flash pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). A multivariate analysis has been applied to the pyrolysis products obtained confirming the effect of the catalyst treatment on leather, ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87569010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234
Qiaoping Xia, Meina Zhang, Bo Mao, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang
Degreasing is one of the important processes for the production of leather and fur. This study aimed to develop a degreasing method using subcritical n-pentane. Sheep skin was chosen as raw skin for this investigation. The best possible combination of degreasing parameters was found using single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The effects of temperature and pressure on the degreasing efficiency were evaluated further with histological analysis. The results showed that the optimum degreasing parameters were a degreasing time of 58 min, pressure of 0.45 MPa, temperature of 41.0°C and thus yielded a degreasing rate of 52.46％ theoretically and 51.46% experimentally. Histological sections showed that the degreasing effect of subcritical n-pentane was quite significant and the lipid droplets around the hair follicles were dramatically reduced. It has been proven that subcritical n-pentane degreasing is an effective technique for sheep skin degreasing.
{"title":"Study on the Degreasing of Sheep Skin Using Subcritical Fluid Extraction","authors":"Qiaoping Xia, Meina Zhang, Bo Mao, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234","url":null,"abstract":"Degreasing is one of the important processes for the production of leather and fur. This study aimed to develop a degreasing method using subcritical n-pentane. Sheep skin was chosen as raw skin for this investigation. The best possible combination of degreasing parameters was found using single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The effects of temperature and pressure on the degreasing efficiency were evaluated further with histological analysis. The results showed that the optimum degreasing parameters were a degreasing time of 58 min, pressure of 0.45 MPa, temperature of 41.0°C and thus yielded a degreasing rate of 52.46％ theoretically and 51.46% experimentally. Histological sections showed that the degreasing effect of subcritical n-pentane was quite significant and the lipid droplets around the hair follicles were dramatically reduced. It has been proven that subcritical n-pentane degreasing is an effective technique for sheep skin degreasing. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86977633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237
V. Sivakumar
Analysis of various approaches for tannery modernization and up-gradation as leather industry 4.0 need to be analyzed keeping in view of significant advancements made in different disciplines of relevance to leather sector. Holistic views and plans for cleaner image with better environmental aspects are essential for the sustainable growth of the leather sector. in this paper, various plans and strategies for the next phase of tannery modernization denoted as TAN MOD 4.0 have been presented with the main objectives of near zero discharge of chemicals, waste minimization, value addition, productivity enhancement and safe & healthy environment in tannery. Different components such as basic up-gradation concepts, modern leather processing techniques and engineering inputs for leather sector such as process control systems, necessary automation tools and Internet of Things (IoT) are discussed.
鉴于与皮革行业相关的不同学科取得的重大进展，需要分析制革厂现代化和升级的各种方法，因为皮革工业4.0。整体的观点和计划，以更清洁的形象与更好的环境方面是必不可少的皮革行业的可持续发展。在本文中，提出了制革厂现代化的下一阶段的各种计划和战略，即TAN MOD 4.0，其主要目标是制革厂的化学品接近零排放，废物最小化，增值，生产力提高和安全健康的环境。讨论了基本升级概念、现代皮革加工技术和皮革行业的工程投入，如过程控制系统、必要的自动化工具和物联网(IoT)。
{"title":"Approaches Towards Tannery Modernization and Up-Gradation: Leather Industry 4.0","authors":"V. Sivakumar","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of various approaches for tannery modernization and up-gradation as leather industry 4.0 need to be analyzed keeping in view of significant advancements made in different disciplines of relevance to leather sector. Holistic views and plans for cleaner image with better environmental aspects are essential for the sustainable growth of the leather sector. in this paper, various plans and strategies for the next phase of tannery modernization denoted as TAN MOD 4.0 have been presented with the main objectives of near zero discharge of chemicals, waste minimization, value addition, productivity enhancement and safe & healthy environment in tannery. Different components such as basic up-gradation concepts, modern leather processing techniques and engineering inputs for leather sector such as process control systems, necessary automation tools and Internet of Things (IoT) are discussed. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87851293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236
M. Mukherjee, T. Loganathan, S. Mandal, G. Saraswathy
Aim of the present study is to investigate the biodegradability and decomposing properties of footwear soling materials by standard biodegradability test method. Biodegradability tests were performed by aerobic exposure of the selected six soling materials to the soil matrix and measuring the degradation and decomposition occurred with time. All soling materials were characterized for physical and physicochemical properties such as weight loss, hardness, density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, thermal and morphological properties before and after exposing to the simulated compost environment. In the present study, the end-of-life nature of footwear soling materials currently used by the footwear industries are explored, which will further emphasize the importance of development and use of biodegradable materials in the footwear manufacturing.
{"title":"Biodegradability Study of Footwear Soling Materials in Simulated Compost Environment","authors":"M. Mukherjee, T. Loganathan, S. Mandal, G. Saraswathy","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the present study is to investigate the biodegradability and decomposing properties of footwear soling materials by standard biodegradability test method. Biodegradability tests were performed by aerobic exposure of the selected six soling materials to the soil matrix and measuring the degradation and decomposition occurred with time. All soling materials were characterized for physical and physicochemical properties such as weight loss, hardness, density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, thermal and morphological properties before and after exposing to the simulated compost environment. In the present study, the end-of-life nature of footwear soling materials currently used by the footwear industries are explored, which will further emphasize the importance of development and use of biodegradable materials in the footwear manufacturing. ","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90774294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4219
B. Ongarora
The conventional process of chamois leather manufacturing for industrial applications utilizes fish oil which contains substantial amounts of pentadienoic fatty acid. The applications of chamois leathers include cleaning polished surfaces, manufacture of gloves and orthopedic uses. However, due to fish oil’s strong odor and high cost, considerable efforts have been made to counter these challenges. Esterification of fish oil has been used as a strategy to address the problem of odor and water absorption but this cannot solve the issue of cost. Oils from plant sources such as linseed, rubber, jatropha, castor and sunflower have been investigated as potential tanning substitutes for fish oil. Linseed has been found to produce chamois leather with mild odor and water absorption characteristics close to those of fish oil compared to other oils obtained from plant sources. Oil from goat fleshing has also been investigated in chamois leather production and has been found to produce chamois leather whose odor compares with that of linseed oil tanned leather. If these tanning oil alternatives are combined with other research advances in chamois leather production such as glutaraldehyde pre-tanning and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide or through ozonation, then the issue of cost, odor and long oxidation period can be resolved.
{"title":"Research Advances in Oil Tanning Technology","authors":"B. Ongarora","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4219","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional process of chamois leather manufacturing for industrial applications utilizes fish oil which contains substantial amounts of pentadienoic fatty acid. The applications of chamois leathers include cleaning polished surfaces, manufacture of gloves and orthopedic uses. However, due to fish oil’s strong odor and high cost, considerable efforts have been made to counter these challenges. Esterification of fish oil has been used as a strategy to address the problem of odor and water absorption but this cannot solve the issue of cost. Oils from plant sources such as linseed, rubber, jatropha, castor and sunflower have been investigated as potential tanning substitutes for fish oil. Linseed has been found to produce chamois leather with mild odor and water absorption characteristics close to those of fish oil compared to other oils obtained from plant sources. Oil from goat fleshing has also been investigated in chamois leather production and has been found to produce chamois leather whose odor compares with that of linseed oil tanned leather. If these tanning oil alternatives are combined with other research advances in chamois leather production such as glutaraldehyde pre-tanning and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide or through ozonation, then the issue of cost, odor and long oxidation period can be resolved.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89360164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4216
E. Baggio, B. Scopel, D. Krein, C. Rigueto, C. Baldasso, A. Dettmer
The production of biodegradable polymers has proved to be a promising alternative, since these materials have accelerated degradation, contributing to the reduction of residues and the reduction of environmental pollution. The tannery wastes contain considerable collagen and can be used for gelatin extraction and film production for use in agriculture. Gelatin-based films, however, present some challenges for practical application, such as permeability and solubility in water, parameters that can be improved through the crosslinking process by employing enzymes, promoting the union of polymeric gelatin chains. In this context, the action of the enzyme transglutaminase was investigated to improve the properties of gelatin films recovered from leather and chitosan residues, which were evaluated according to thickness, solubility, permeability, mechanical properties, and soil degradation. The results indicated that the enzyme concentration in the films had a significant effect on the properties of water permeability and solubility and strain to rupture. The evaluation of soil degradation showed that films with higher enzyme addition took longer to be degraded.
{"title":"Transglutaminase Crosslinked Gelatin Films Extracted from Tanned Leather Waste","authors":"E. Baggio, B. Scopel, D. Krein, C. Rigueto, C. Baldasso, A. Dettmer","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4216","url":null,"abstract":"The production of biodegradable polymers has proved to be a promising alternative, since these materials have accelerated degradation, contributing to the reduction of residues and the reduction of environmental pollution. The tannery wastes contain considerable collagen and can be used for gelatin extraction and film production for use in agriculture. Gelatin-based films, however, present some challenges for practical application, such as permeability and solubility in water, parameters that can be improved through the crosslinking process by employing enzymes, promoting the union of polymeric gelatin chains. In this context, the action of the enzyme transglutaminase was investigated to improve the properties of gelatin films recovered from leather and chitosan residues, which were evaluated according to thickness, solubility, permeability, mechanical properties, and soil degradation. The results indicated that the enzyme concentration in the films had a significant effect on the properties of water permeability and solubility and strain to rupture. The evaluation of soil degradation showed that films with higher enzyme addition took longer to be degraded.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74668236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4218
Chandrasekar Inbasekar, N. Fathima
Nanoparticles due to their size and high reactivity towards collagen provide potential applications in the tanning process. The current study aims to investigate the potential of ionic liquid functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles as a combination tanning agent with minimum utilization of the chromium. The experimental results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles increases the thermal stability from 62°C to 92°C. The physical strength and organoleptic characteristics of the nanoparticles-BCS tanned leather are on par with conventional chrome tanned leather. Antibacterial studies reveal that the leather tanned with nanoparticles shows improved antibacterial activity. Thus, nanoparticle based tanning system invokes a considerable array of interest as an alternative tanning process with minimal and efficient usage of chromium.
{"title":"Ionic Liquid Functionalised Nanoparticles Based Tanning System as a Less Chrome Tanning Approach","authors":"Chandrasekar Inbasekar, N. Fathima","doi":"10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4218","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles due to their size and high reactivity towards collagen provide potential applications in the tanning process. The current study aims to investigate the potential of ionic liquid functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles as a combination tanning agent with minimum utilization of the chromium. The experimental results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles increases the thermal stability from 62°C to 92°C. The physical strength and organoleptic characteristics of the nanoparticles-BCS tanned leather are on par with conventional chrome tanned leather. Antibacterial studies reveal that the leather tanned with nanoparticles shows improved antibacterial activity. Thus, nanoparticle based tanning system invokes a considerable array of interest as an alternative tanning process with minimal and efficient usage of chromium.","PeriodicalId":17201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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