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Tanning with Aluminum-Gallic Acid Complex 用铝-没食子酸配合物制革
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4250
Han-Wei Su, Guoying Li
To figure out how polyphenol compounds with a low molecular weight helped in aluminum tannage, a complex of gallic acid and aluminum as well as its application to the tanning of hide powder was studied in this paper. Precipitation points of aluminum chloride solution with different concentrations of gallic acid were measured to guide the basification in hide powder tannage. UV-Visible spectra showed that gallic acid and aluminum would form soluble complexes in aqueous solution and the complexation reaction was pH reliable. Through stoichiometry studies, generations of the 1:2 complex under pH 4.0 and 2:3 complex under pH 4.5 were discovered. Results of stoichiometry studies and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed that aluminum-gallic acid complex played the role of links which connected collagen molecules rather than gallic acid or aluminum forming individual bridges with collagen. According to the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravity analysis (TGA), denaturation temperature (Td) of hide powder tanned with different methods, such as aluminum, gallic acid-aluminum combination or aluminum-gallic acid complex, was 76.1°, 82.8° and 85.5°C respectively, and the initial decomposition temperature for the aluminum-gallic acid complex tannage was 300.7°C, also higher than those for another two methods. Furthermore, the results of inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) showed that after washing for 12 h, the Al2O3 content in hide powder tanned with complex could be maintained at 93.42% of that in unwashed samples, which was the highest among three tanning methods.
为了解低分子量多酚类化合物对铝鞣的促进作用,本文研究了没食子酸与铝的配合物及其在兽皮粉鞣中的应用。测定了不同没食子酸浓度下氯化铝溶液的沉淀点,以指导皮革粉鞣制过程中的碱化。紫外可见光谱结果表明,没食子酸与铝在水溶液中形成可溶配合物,配合反应pH可靠。通过化学计量学研究,发现了pH 4.0条件下的1:2配合物和pH 4.5条件下的2:3配合物。化学计量学研究和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果证实,铝-没食子酸配合物起连接胶原分子的作用,而不是没食子酸或铝与胶原形成单独的桥梁。差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)结果表明,铝、没食子酸-铝复合或铝-没食子酸络合鞣制兽皮粉的变性温度(Td)分别为76.1°、82.8°和85.5°C,铝-没食子酸络合鞣制兽皮粉的初始分解温度为300.7°C,也高于另外两种方法鞣制兽皮粉的初始分解温度。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)结果表明,经过12 h的洗涤后,配合物鞣制的皮革粉中Al2O3的含量保持在未洗涤样品的93.42%,是三种鞣制方法中最高的。
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引用次数: 1
Study on the Degreasing of Sheep Skin Using Subcritical Fluid Extraction 亚临界流体萃取法对绵羊皮肤脱脂的研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4234
Qiaoping Xia, Meina Zhang, Bo Mao, H. Dai, Zongcai Zhang
Degreasing is one of the important processes for the production of leather and fur. This study aimed to develop a degreasing method using subcritical n-pentane. Sheep skin was chosen as raw skin for this investigation. The best possible combination of degreasing parameters was found using single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The effects of temperature and pressure on the degreasing efficiency were evaluated further with histological analysis. The results showed that the optimum degreasing parameters were a degreasing time of 58 min, pressure of 0.45 MPa, temperature of 41.0°C and thus yielded a degreasing rate of 52.46% theoretically and 51.46% experimentally. Histological sections showed that the degreasing effect of subcritical n-pentane was quite significant and the lipid droplets around the hair follicles were dramatically reduced. It has been proven that subcritical n-pentane degreasing is an effective technique for sheep skin degreasing.  
脱脂是皮革和毛皮生产的重要工序之一。本研究旨在开发一种亚临界正戊烷脱脂方法。本研究选用羊皮作为生皮。通过单因素试验和响应面法,确定了脱脂参数的最佳组合。通过组织学分析进一步评价温度和压力对脱脂效率的影响。结果表明,最佳脱脂参数为:脱脂时间58 min,压力0.45 MPa,温度41.0℃,理论脱脂率为52.46%,实验脱脂率为51.46%。组织学切片显示,亚临界正戊烷的脱脂作用非常显著,毛囊周围的脂滴明显减少。实验证明,亚临界正戊烷脱脂是一种有效的绵羊皮脱脂技术。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Characterization and Pyrolysis of Waste Leather Treated with CoCl₂ And MnC₂ 用CoCl₂和MnC₂处理废皮革的热特性和热解
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4235
E. Bañón, A. Torró, A. N. García, M. León, A. Marcilla
Leather tanned with different agents was pyrolyzed in the presence of CoCl2 and MnCl2 catalysts.  A bovine leather sample tanned with two inorganic tanning agents (chromium and titanium salts) and two organic tanning agents (glutaraldehyde and methylacrylic resin) has been used in this study. The samples were soaked in solutions of CoCl2 or MnCl2 of known concentration. The influence on decomposition temperature and the resultant pyrolysis compounds has been evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and flash pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). A multivariate analysis has been applied to the pyrolysis products obtained confirming the effect of the catalyst treatment on leather, 
在CoCl2和MnCl2两种催化剂的作用下,对不同药剂鞣制的皮革进行了热解研究。用两种无机鞣剂(铬和钛盐)和两种有机鞣剂(戊二醛和甲基丙烯酸树脂)鞣牛皮样品。将样品浸泡在已知浓度的CoCl2或MnCl2溶液中。采用热重分析(TG/DTG)和快速热解(Py-GC/MS)评价了热解温度对热解产物的影响。对热解产物进行了多变量分析,证实了催化剂处理对皮革的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches Towards Tannery Modernization and Up-Gradation: Leather Industry 4.0 制革厂现代化和升级的途径:皮革工业4.0
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4237
V. Sivakumar
Analysis of various approaches for tannery modernization and up-gradation as leather industry 4.0 need to be analyzed keeping in view of significant advancements made in different disciplines of relevance to leather sector. Holistic views and plans for cleaner image with better environmental aspects are essential for the sustainable growth of the leather sector. in this paper, various plans and strategies for the next phase of tannery modernization denoted as TAN MOD 4.0 have been presented with the main objectives of near zero discharge of chemicals, waste minimization, value addition, productivity enhancement and safe & healthy environment in tannery. Different components such as basic up-gradation concepts, modern leather processing techniques and engineering inputs for leather sector such as process control systems, necessary automation tools and Internet of Things (IoT) are discussed.  
鉴于与皮革行业相关的不同学科取得的重大进展,需要分析制革厂现代化和升级的各种方法,因为皮革工业4.0。整体的观点和计划,以更清洁的形象与更好的环境方面是必不可少的皮革行业的可持续发展。在本文中,提出了制革厂现代化的下一阶段的各种计划和战略,即TAN MOD 4.0,其主要目标是制革厂的化学品接近零排放,废物最小化,增值,生产力提高和安全健康的环境。讨论了基本升级概念、现代皮革加工技术和皮革行业的工程投入,如过程控制系统、必要的自动化工具和物联网(IoT)。
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引用次数: 3
Biodegradability Study of Footwear Soling Materials in Simulated Compost Environment 鞋底材料在模拟堆肥环境中的生物降解性研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i2.4236
M. Mukherjee, T. Loganathan, S. Mandal, G. Saraswathy
Aim of the present study is to investigate the biodegradability and decomposing properties of footwear soling materials by standard biodegradability test method. Biodegradability tests were performed by aerobic exposure of the selected six soling materials to the soil matrix and measuring the degradation and decomposition occurred with time. All soling materials were characterized for physical and physicochemical properties such as weight loss, hardness, density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, thermal and morphological properties before and after exposing to the simulated compost environment.  In the present study, the end-of-life nature of footwear soling materials currently used by the footwear industries are explored, which will further emphasize the importance of development and use of biodegradable materials in the footwear manufacturing. 
采用标准的可生物降解性试验方法,研究了鞋类鞋底材料的可生物降解性和分解性能。生物降解性试验是通过将所选的6种溶胶材料暴露于土壤基质中,并测量其随时间的降解和分解情况。在模拟堆肥环境前后,对所有底胶材料的物理和物理化学性能进行了表征,如失重、硬度、密度、拉伸强度、耐磨性、热性能和形态性能。在本研究中,探讨了目前鞋类工业使用的鞋类鞋底材料的寿命终结性质,这将进一步强调生物可降解材料在鞋类制造中的开发和使用的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Research Advances in Oil Tanning Technology 油脂制革技术的研究进展
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4219
B. Ongarora
The conventional process of chamois leather manufacturing for industrial applications utilizes fish oil which contains substantial amounts of pentadienoic fatty acid. The applications of chamois leathers include cleaning polished surfaces, manufacture of gloves and orthopedic uses. However, due to fish oil’s strong odor and high cost, considerable efforts have been made to counter these challenges. Esterification of fish oil has been used as a strategy to address the problem of odor and water absorption but this cannot solve the issue of cost. Oils from plant sources such as linseed, rubber, jatropha, castor and sunflower have been investigated as potential tanning substitutes for fish oil. Linseed has been found to produce chamois leather with mild odor and water absorption characteristics close to those of fish oil compared to other oils obtained from plant sources. Oil from goat fleshing has also been investigated in chamois leather production and has been found to produce chamois leather whose odor compares with that of linseed oil tanned leather. If these tanning oil alternatives are combined with other research advances in chamois leather production such as glutaraldehyde pre-tanning and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide or through ozonation, then the issue of cost, odor and long oxidation period can be resolved.
用于工业应用的传统麂皮制造工艺使用含有大量戊二烯脂肪酸的鱼油。麂皮的应用包括清洁抛光表面,制造手套和矫形用途。然而,由于鱼油的强烈气味和高成本,人们已经做出了相当大的努力来应对这些挑战。鱼油酯化已被用作解决鱼油异味和吸水问题的一种策略,但这并不能解决成本问题。植物油,如亚麻籽、橡胶、麻疯树、蓖麻和向日葵,已被研究作为鱼油的潜在替代品。研究发现,与从植物中获得的其他油相比,亚麻籽可以生产出气味温和、吸水特性接近鱼油的麂皮。山羊肉油在鹿皮生产中也进行了研究,发现鹿皮的气味与亚麻籽油鞣制皮革的气味相当。如果将这些鞣油替代品与其他研究进展相结合,如戊二醛预鞣和过氧化氢氧化或臭氧氧化,那么成本、气味和氧化时间长的问题就可以得到解决。
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引用次数: 0
Transglutaminase Crosslinked Gelatin Films Extracted from Tanned Leather Waste 从鞣革废料中提取转谷氨酰胺酶交联明胶薄膜
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4216
E. Baggio, B. Scopel, D. Krein, C. Rigueto, C. Baldasso, A. Dettmer
The production of biodegradable polymers has proved to be a promising alternative, since these materials have accelerated degradation, contributing to the reduction of residues and the reduction of environmental pollution. The tannery wastes contain considerable collagen and can be used for gelatin extraction and film production for use in agriculture. Gelatin-based films, however, present some challenges for practical application, such as permeability and solubility in water, parameters that can be improved through the crosslinking process by employing enzymes, promoting the union of polymeric gelatin chains. In this context, the action of the enzyme transglutaminase was investigated to improve the properties of gelatin films recovered from leather and chitosan residues, which were evaluated according to thickness, solubility, permeability, mechanical properties, and soil degradation. The results indicated that the enzyme concentration in the films had a significant effect on the properties of water permeability and solubility and strain to rupture. The evaluation of soil degradation showed that films with higher enzyme addition took longer to be degraded.
生物可降解聚合物的生产已被证明是一种很有前途的替代方法,因为这些材料可以加速降解,有助于减少残留物和减少环境污染。制革废料中含有大量的胶原蛋白,可用于明胶提取和用于农业的薄膜生产。然而,明胶基薄膜在实际应用中存在一些挑战,例如在水中的渗透性和溶解度,这些参数可以通过酶的交联工艺来改善,促进聚合物明胶链的结合。在此背景下,研究了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的作用,以改善从皮革和壳聚糖残留物中回收的明胶薄膜的性能,并根据其厚度、溶解度、渗透性、力学性能和土壤降解性进行了评价。结果表明,膜中酶的浓度对膜的透水性、溶解度和破裂应变有显著影响。土壤降解评价表明,酶添加量越大,膜的降解时间越长。
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引用次数: 4
Ionic Liquid Functionalised Nanoparticles Based Tanning System as a Less Chrome Tanning Approach 离子液体功能化纳米颗粒制革系统作为一种低铬制革方法
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4218
Chandrasekar Inbasekar, N. Fathima
Nanoparticles due to their size and high reactivity towards collagen provide potential applications in the tanning process. The current study aims to investigate the potential of ionic liquid functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles as a combination tanning agent with minimum utilization of the chromium. The experimental results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles increases the thermal stability from 62°C to 92°C. The physical strength and organoleptic characteristics of the nanoparticles-BCS tanned leather are on par with conventional chrome tanned leather. Antibacterial studies reveal that the leather tanned with nanoparticles shows improved antibacterial activity. Thus, nanoparticle based tanning system invokes a considerable array of interest as an alternative tanning process with minimal and efficient usage of chromium.
纳米颗粒由于其大小和对胶原蛋白的高反应性,在鞣制过程中提供了潜在的应用。本研究旨在探讨离子液体功能化氧化铈纳米颗粒作为复合鞣剂的潜力,同时减少铬的使用。实验结果表明,纳米颗粒的存在提高了材料在62℃至92℃的热稳定性。纳米颗粒- bcs鞣革的物理强度和感官特性与传统的铬鞣革相当。抗菌研究表明,纳米颗粒鞣制皮革具有更好的抗菌活性。因此,基于纳米颗粒的鞣制系统引起了相当多的兴趣,作为一种替代鞣制工艺,铬的使用最少,效率最高。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring DNA Diversity in Leathers: 探索皮革中的DNA多样性:
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v116i1.4217
N. Pavithra, A. Aishwarya, A. Pravin, V. Sundar, A. Gnanamani
DNA based approaches have become widespread in recent times to identify the origin of samples when its phenotypic characteristics are not distinguishable. This, in particular, applies to the leather industry wherein with an increase in duplicated embossing of grain patterns; there is a need to detect the animal origin of  commercial leather articles. Thus, the characterization of molecular markers that enables rapid detection of the leather source helps us in precise species identification. The present study aims to generate definite sequences between the four major species in the Bovidae family (Buffalo, Cow, Goat, and Sheep), which are the major players in the manufacture of leather products, especially in India. Based on specific mitochondrial sequences, a specific fragment of the mitochondrial 12SrRNA gene was amplified by PCR as a marker for species-level identification. By the maximum homogeneity, from the NCBI and BOLD database, the BLAST analysis of the sequences of amplicons from unknown sources, distinguish closely related species of the subfamilies Bovinae (buffalo and Cow) and Caprinae (sheep and goat) and this 12SrRNA based PCR-BLAST analysis is a good tool to identify the origin and control the quality of leathers that are being manufactured. The present study has optimized an approach for the extraction and amplification of DNA from the finished leather, which is one of the most significant challenges because of the vigorous processes encountered during their manufacture. The findings of the study have commercial value at large scale.
DNA为基础的方法已成为广泛在最近的时代,以确定样品的起源时,其表型特征是不可区分的。这尤其适用于皮革工业,其中纹纹图案的重复压花增加;有必要检测商业皮革制品的动物来源。因此,分子标记的表征,使皮革来源的快速检测有助于我们在精确的物种鉴定。本研究的目的是在牛科的四个主要物种(水牛、母牛、山羊和绵羊)之间产生确定的序列,它们是皮革制品制造的主要参与者,特别是在印度。基于特定的线粒体序列,通过PCR扩增出线粒体12SrRNA基因的特定片段,作为物种水平鉴定的标记。利用NCBI和BOLD数据库中未知来源扩增子序列的最大同质性,BLAST分析方法区分了牛科(buffalo和Cow)和Caprinae(绵羊和山羊)亚科密切相关的物种,这种基于12SrRNA的PCR-BLAST分析方法是识别皮革产地和控制皮革质量的良好工具。目前的研究已经优化了一种从成品皮革中提取和扩增DNA的方法,这是最重大的挑战之一,因为它们在制造过程中遇到了激烈的过程。研究结果具有大规模的商业价值。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Sensitive Agents for Making Stimuli Responsive Leathers 用于制造刺激反应皮革的热敏剂
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.34314/jalca.v115i12.4203
J. Alla, Nishad Fathima Nishter, J. Rao
Herein, we report the synthesis and application of a smart polymeric acrylic syntan (synthetic tanning material), which can respond to temperature and pH. Behavior of polymer at different pH (1-10) at room temperature (28°C) was studied. Also interactions with collagen were ascertained in order to understand the polymers’ response towards secondary structures of collagen. Leather made using the experimental syntan demonstrated higher temperature resistance of 3±0.5°C compared to control syntan treated leathers (1±0.5°C) when exposed to heat under artificial simulation. Experimental leathers exhibited better strength and organoleptic properties. These smart leathers find its application in extreme climatic conditions of heat or cold.
本文报道了一种具有温度和pH响应的智能聚合丙烯酸鞣剂(合成鞣材料)的合成和应用,研究了该聚合物在室温(28℃)下不同pH值(1-10)下的行为。还确定了与胶原蛋白的相互作用,以了解聚合物对胶原蛋白二级结构的反应。使用实验合成鞣剂制成的皮革在人工模拟下加热时,与对照合成鞣剂处理的皮革(1±0.5°C)相比,耐温性更高,为3±0.5°C。实验皮革表现出较好的强度和感官性能。这些聪明的皮革发现它的应用在极端气候条件下的热或冷。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association
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