Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065
Gang Guo , Yongcheng Chen , Gencai Guo
The quest for efficient photocatalysts for solar-driven water splitting is paramount for advancing clean hydrogen energy. Here, we systematically investigate a novel family of 2D Janus XYTe2 (X = Al, Ga; Y=Ga, In; X≠Y) monolayers and bilayer GaInTe2, using first-principles calculations. Our investigations reveal that the designed monolayers possess robust dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability. They possess suitable band gaps (1.88–2.46 eV), high visible-light absorption coefficients, and appropriate band edge alignment for photocatalytic water splitting. Notably, GaInTe2 monolayer achieves a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ∼21.5 %. More strikingly, stacking GaInTe2 into a bilayer with an AB2 configuration dramatically enhances its performance. The bilayer exhibits a reduced bandgap (1.36 eV), significantly boosted optical absorption across the visible spectrum, and achieves an ultrahigh theoretical STH efficiency of 42.21 %. Furthermore, Gibbs free energy change calculations provide evidence for the thermodynamic accessibility of the HER in these systems. The outcomes of our analysis establish the Janus XYTe2 family, with special emphasis on the AB2-stacked GaInTe2 bilayer, as an exceptional system for pioneering next-generation solar energy conversion.
{"title":"Janus XYTe2 monolayers and GaInTe2 bilayer: promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting - a first-principles study","authors":"Gang Guo , Yongcheng Chen , Gencai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for efficient photocatalysts for solar-driven water splitting is paramount for advancing clean hydrogen energy. Here, we systematically investigate a novel family of 2D Janus XYTe<sub>2</sub> (X = Al, Ga; Y=Ga, In; X≠Y) monolayers and bilayer GaInTe<sub>2</sub>, using first-principles calculations. Our investigations reveal that the designed monolayers possess robust dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability. They possess suitable band gaps (1.88–2.46 eV), high visible-light absorption coefficients, and appropriate band edge alignment for photocatalytic water splitting. Notably, GaInTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer achieves a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ∼21.5 %. More strikingly, stacking GaInTe<sub>2</sub> into a bilayer with an AB2 configuration dramatically enhances its performance. The bilayer exhibits a reduced bandgap (1.36 eV), significantly boosted optical absorption across the visible spectrum, and achieves an ultrahigh theoretical STH efficiency of 42.21 %. Furthermore, Gibbs free energy change calculations provide evidence for the thermodynamic accessibility of the HER in these systems. The outcomes of our analysis establish the Janus XYTe<sub>2</sub> family, with special emphasis on the AB2-stacked GaInTe<sub>2</sub> bilayer, as an exceptional system for pioneering next-generation solar energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101064
Kun Wang , Jia'nan Hu , Yirong Li , Cheng Zhang , Yan Gao , Kai Xiang , Longxin Li , Weijie Qin , Rui Sun , Qunping Fan , Jianhua Chen
Most high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) based on Y6-type acceptors are fabricated using chloroform, which hinders their commercialization due to issues with film uniformity and solvent toxicity. Although high-boiling-point non-halogenated solvents are promising alternatives, they typically suffer from low solubility and slow evaporation rates, complicating the crystallization process. Herein, we introduce Y-TEG, a Y-shaped acceptor functionalized with two oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains on the pyrrole unit of Y6, which significantly enhances its solubility in non-halogenated solvents. OSCs based on PM6:Y-TEG processed from o-xylene achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.22%. The incorporation of Y6 as a third component further increased the PCE to 15.77%. This improvement is attributed to the role of Y6 in modulating intermolecular compatibility, optimizing crystallinity, and enhancing the phase separation morphology of the active layer. Consequently, the exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency are improved, while charge recombination and energy losses are reduced. Notably, the PCE of 15.77% ranks among the highest reported for devices incorporating a host acceptor modified with OEG side chain and processed using non-halogenated solvents. These results demonstrate that side-chain engineering with OEG groups is a promising strategy for developing high-efficiency photovoltaic materials compatible with environmentally friendly processing solvents, providing confidence for future large-scale device fabrication.
{"title":"Molecular engineering of Y-series acceptors with oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains enables high efficiency in nonhalogenated solvent-processed organic solar cells","authors":"Kun Wang , Jia'nan Hu , Yirong Li , Cheng Zhang , Yan Gao , Kai Xiang , Longxin Li , Weijie Qin , Rui Sun , Qunping Fan , Jianhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) based on Y6-type acceptors are fabricated using chloroform, which hinders their commercialization due to issues with film uniformity and solvent toxicity. Although high-boiling-point non-halogenated solvents are promising alternatives, they typically suffer from low solubility and slow evaporation rates, complicating the crystallization process. Herein, we introduce Y-TEG, a Y-shaped acceptor functionalized with two oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains on the pyrrole unit of Y6, which significantly enhances its solubility in non-halogenated solvents. OSCs based on PM6:Y-TEG processed from o-xylene achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.22%. The incorporation of Y6 as a third component further increased the PCE to 15.77%. This improvement is attributed to the role of Y6 in modulating intermolecular compatibility, optimizing crystallinity, and enhancing the phase separation morphology of the active layer. Consequently, the exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency are improved, while charge recombination and energy losses are reduced. Notably, the PCE of 15.77% ranks among the highest reported for devices incorporating a host acceptor modified with OEG side chain and processed using non-halogenated solvents. These results demonstrate that side-chain engineering with OEG groups is a promising strategy for developing high-efficiency photovoltaic materials compatible with environmentally friendly processing solvents, providing confidence for future large-scale device fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100972
Waseem Akram , Shahzad Iqbal , Zahir Abbas , Shiekh Mansoor , Imran Shah , Asad Ullah , Wei Xu , Woo Young Kim
The incorporation of IoT technology with advanced sensing materials is converting smart agriculture by allowing precise control over environmental conditions and optimizing resource utilization for advanced agricultural productivity. This study examines the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for soil moisture detection in plants, focusing on their application in IoT-enabled smart agriculture systems. Two MOFs, synthesized with nickel acetate and zinc acetate, were evaluated for their humidity-sensing capabilities. The nickel acetate-based MOF had a highly porous, rod-shaped morphology with homogeneous dendrites and high capacitance, in contrast to the Zn-MOF, which exhibited clustering and reduced effective humidity collecting sites, as confirmed by Raman and XRD investigations and SEM images. Ni-MOF outperformed Zn-MOF with a 7.5 times increase in capacitance between 10 % and 90 % relative humidity and a minimal hysteresis of 3.5 % at 70 % relative humidity. Additionally, Ni-MOF demonstrated exceptional response and recovery times of 1.6 s and 0.3 s, respectively. These attributes underscore Ni-MOF's suitability for reliable and efficient soil moisture sensing in agricultural applications. By integrating Ni-MOF sensors into wireless sensor networks and IoT frameworks, this research highlights their potential to fuse field-based sensor data with proximal sensing platforms, contributing to enhanced decision-making and optimization of agricultural operations.
{"title":"Metal Organic Framework based Humidity Sensing: Stability, performance, and IoT Integration","authors":"Waseem Akram , Shahzad Iqbal , Zahir Abbas , Shiekh Mansoor , Imran Shah , Asad Ullah , Wei Xu , Woo Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of IoT technology with advanced sensing materials is converting smart agriculture by allowing precise control over environmental conditions and optimizing resource utilization for advanced agricultural productivity. This study examines the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for soil moisture detection in plants, focusing on their application in IoT-enabled smart agriculture systems. Two MOFs, synthesized with nickel acetate and zinc acetate, were evaluated for their humidity-sensing capabilities. The nickel acetate-based MOF had a highly porous, rod-shaped morphology with homogeneous dendrites and high capacitance, in contrast to the Zn-MOF, which exhibited clustering and reduced effective humidity collecting sites, as confirmed by Raman and XRD investigations and SEM images. Ni-MOF outperformed Zn-MOF with a 7.5 times increase in capacitance between 10 % and 90 % relative humidity and a minimal hysteresis of 3.5 % at 70 % relative humidity. Additionally, Ni-MOF demonstrated exceptional response and recovery times of 1.6 s and 0.3 s, respectively. These attributes underscore Ni-MOF's suitability for reliable and efficient soil moisture sensing in agricultural applications. By integrating Ni-MOF sensors into wireless sensor networks and IoT frameworks, this research highlights their potential to fuse field-based sensor data with proximal sensing platforms, contributing to enhanced decision-making and optimization of agricultural operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101055
Sushant Kumar , R.C. Singh , Vinay Deep Punetha , Pawan Singh Dhapola , Markus Diantoro , Manoj K. Singh , Pramod K. Singh
Activated carbons, due to their high surface area and well-developed pore structure, are excellent electrode materials for energy storage devices. The properties of activated carbons can be tuned by modifying certain factors, such as activating agent, activation temperature, time, concentration of activating agent, etc. In the present work, the effect of activating agent concentration on the properties of activated carbon is systematically investigated by synthesizing a series of samples via chemical activation and carbonization of the biopolymer, phytagel, using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the activating agent. Five different samples of activated carbons are prepared by using the phytagel to ZnCl2 w/w ratio in 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The prepared activated carbons are characterized using different characterization tools such as XRD, Raman, BET, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, etc. To study the practical application, all the activated carbons are used to fabricate solid-state supercapacitors, which are further characterized using EIS, CV, and GCD in a two-electrode geometry. The activated carbon with phytagel to ZnCl2 w/w ratio 1:3 shows the highest specific capacitance of 129 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an energy density of 17.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 974 W kg−1.
活性炭由于其高的比表面积和发达的孔隙结构，是一种极好的储能电极材料。通过改变活化剂、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂浓度等因素，可以调节活性炭的性能。本文以氯化锌（ZnCl2）为活化剂，通过化学活化和炭化法制备了一系列样品，系统研究了活化剂浓度对活性炭性能的影响。采用植酸与ZnCl2的w/w比为1:0、1:1、1:2、1:3和1:4制备了5种不同的活性炭样品。采用XRD、Raman、BET、SEM、TEM、EDX、XPS等表征手段对制备的活性炭进行了表征。为了研究实际应用，将所有活性炭用于制造固态超级电容器，并在双电极几何结构中使用EIS， CV和GCD进一步表征。当叶绿素与ZnCl2 w/w比为1:3时，活性炭在0.5 A g−1时的比电容最高为129 F g−1，在功率密度为974 w kg−1时的能量密度最高为17.9 Wh kg−1。
{"title":"Controlling activation parameters in phytagel-derived activated carbons for enhanced supercapacitor performance","authors":"Sushant Kumar , R.C. Singh , Vinay Deep Punetha , Pawan Singh Dhapola , Markus Diantoro , Manoj K. Singh , Pramod K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbons, due to their high surface area and well-developed pore structure, are excellent electrode materials for energy storage devices. The properties of activated carbons can be tuned by modifying certain factors, such as activating agent, activation temperature, time, concentration of activating agent, etc. In the present work, the effect of activating agent concentration on the properties of activated carbon is systematically investigated by synthesizing a series of samples via chemical activation and carbonization of the biopolymer, phytagel, using zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) as the activating agent. Five different samples of activated carbons are prepared by using the phytagel to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> w/w ratio in 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The prepared activated carbons are characterized using different characterization tools such as XRD, Raman, BET, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, etc. To study the practical application, all the activated carbons are used to fabricate solid-state supercapacitors, which are further characterized using EIS, CV, and GCD in a two-electrode geometry. The activated carbon with phytagel to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> w/w ratio 1:3 shows the highest specific capacitance of 129 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> and an energy density of 17.9 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 974 W kg<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101051
Shulan Pu , Dongying Wang , Xi Luo , Yuhong Ding , Jianglong Guo , Yaxiong Li , Jin Zhong Zhang , Yan Sun
Flower-like BiOBrxI1-x solid solutions with varying Br/I ratios were successfully prepared via a facile precipitation method. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degrading representative pollutants, including tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and rhodamine B dye (RhB). All solid solutions exhibited enhanced activity compared to pure BiOBr and BiOI, and BiOBr0.5I0.5 demonstrated the highest degradation efficiencies of 81.7 %, 76.4 %, and 98.5 % for TC, OTC, and RhB within 30 min, respectively. The formation of a solid solution altered the band structure and provided multiple active sites for photocatalytic reaction, thus accelerating the separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the main active species were revealed through capture experiments and electron spin resonance tests.
{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics and dye using flower-like BiOBrxI1-x solid solutions formed from self-assembled nanosheets","authors":"Shulan Pu , Dongying Wang , Xi Luo , Yuhong Ding , Jianglong Guo , Yaxiong Li , Jin Zhong Zhang , Yan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flower-like BiOBr<sub>x</sub>I<sub>1-x</sub> solid solutions with varying Br/I ratios were successfully prepared via a facile precipitation method. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degrading representative pollutants, including tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and rhodamine B dye (RhB). All solid solutions exhibited enhanced activity compared to pure BiOBr and BiOI, and BiOBr<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>0.5</sub> demonstrated the highest degradation efficiencies of 81.7 %, 76.4 %, and 98.5 % for TC, OTC, and RhB within 30 min, respectively. The formation of a solid solution altered the band structure and provided multiple active sites for photocatalytic reaction, thus accelerating the separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the main active species were revealed through capture experiments and electron spin resonance tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101056
Dang Van Do , Hung Van Tran , Giang Dac Truong Nguyen , Long Van Dang , Son Thanh Le , Khai Manh Nguyen , Trang Thu Hoang , Phuong Minh Nguyen
A ternary CoWO4/RGO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method for visible-light-driven degradation of the azo dye Direct Blue 71 (DB 71). Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis DRS, and PL) confirmed the uniform incorporation of CoWO4 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) into the g-C3N4 framework, resulting in enhanced visible-light absorption and suppressed charge recombination through an RGO-mediated Type-II heterojunction. The optimized 0.1CoWO4/RGO/g-C3N4 composite achieved 97 % degradation and 73 % TOC removal within 40 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.08546 min-1). Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbary (BMG) modeling yielded b = 0.79875 min-1 and m = 1.265, confirming high oxidative capacity. Photocatalytic activity was optimal at acidic to neutral pH and moderate catalyst dosage, with •OH and h+ identified as the dominant reactive species. The catalyst maintained 89 % efficiency after six cycles and achieved 54–74 % TOC removal in real urban surface waters from Hanoi. A preliminary techno-economic analysis estimated a production cost of 15–40 USD·kg-1, underscoring its scalability and economic viability for sustainable wastewater treatment.
{"title":"A novel Z-scheme CoWO4/RGO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst for efficient visible-light-induced removal of organic pollutants","authors":"Dang Van Do , Hung Van Tran , Giang Dac Truong Nguyen , Long Van Dang , Son Thanh Le , Khai Manh Nguyen , Trang Thu Hoang , Phuong Minh Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ternary CoWO<sub>4</sub>/RGO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method for visible-light-driven degradation of the azo dye Direct Blue 71 (DB 71). Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis DRS, and PL) confirmed the uniform incorporation of CoWO<sub>4</sub> and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) into the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> framework, resulting in enhanced visible-light absorption and suppressed charge recombination through an RGO-mediated Type-II heterojunction. The optimized 0.1CoWO<sub>4</sub>/RGO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite achieved 97 % degradation and 73 % TOC removal within 40 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.08546 min<sup>-1</sup>). Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbary (BMG) modeling yielded b = 0.79875 min<sup>-1</sup> and m = 1.265, confirming high oxidative capacity. Photocatalytic activity was optimal at acidic to neutral pH and moderate catalyst dosage, with •OH and h<sup>+</sup> identified as the dominant reactive species. The catalyst maintained 89 % efficiency after six cycles and achieved 54–74 % TOC removal in real urban surface waters from Hanoi. A preliminary techno-economic analysis estimated a production cost of 15–40 USD·kg<sup>-1</sup>, underscoring its scalability and economic viability for sustainable wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermoelectric devices that facilitate the conversion of low-grade thermal gradients into electrical energy are increasingly recognized as essential elements for self-sustaining wearable electronics and autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in thermoelectric materials, flexible device architectures, and system-level power management methodologies that have been documented over the past five years. Principal areas of emphasis encompass nanostructuring, band engineering, and defect modulation strategies that augment the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and power factor under low-ΔT conditions. Innovations in conducting polymers, hybrid nanocomposites, and low-dimensional materials are underscored for their mechanical flexibility, stretchability, and compatibility with scalable processing techniques. Comparative assessments of benchmark materials, including Bi2Te3 alloys, SnSe, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites, are presented with direct correlations to device-level performance metrics relevant to wearable applications and distributed sensor networks. In addition to summarizing advancements, this review emphasizes that successful commercialization will depend on the coordinated optimization of high-ZT, low-toxicity materials, robust architectures, and ultra-low-power electronic systems. Challenges such as scalable synthesis, long-term thermomechanical reliability, and sustainable recycling practices are critically scrutinized. Furthermore, the review aligns prospective research trajectories with Sustainable and Affordable and Clean Energy by promoting battery-free, environmentally sustainable wearable and IoT technologies.
{"title":"Advances in thermoelectronic materials and devices for self-sustaining wearable and IoT systems","authors":"Beemkumar Nagappan , K. Kamakshi Priya , Kulmani Mehar , Praveen Priyaranjan Nayak , Shailesh Kumar , Mahit Jain , A. Shwetha , Aseel Samrat","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric devices that facilitate the conversion of low-grade thermal gradients into electrical energy are increasingly recognized as essential elements for self-sustaining wearable electronics and autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in thermoelectric materials, flexible device architectures, and system-level power management methodologies that have been documented over the past five years. Principal areas of emphasis encompass nanostructuring, band engineering, and defect modulation strategies that augment the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and power factor under low-ΔT conditions. Innovations in conducting polymers, hybrid nanocomposites, and low-dimensional materials are underscored for their mechanical flexibility, stretchability, and compatibility with scalable processing techniques. Comparative assessments of benchmark materials, including Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> alloys, SnSe, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites, are presented with direct correlations to device-level performance metrics relevant to wearable applications and distributed sensor networks. In addition to summarizing advancements, this review emphasizes that successful commercialization will depend on the coordinated optimization of high-ZT, low-toxicity materials, robust architectures, and ultra-low-power electronic systems. Challenges such as scalable synthesis, long-term thermomechanical reliability, and sustainable recycling practices are critically scrutinized. Furthermore, the review aligns prospective research trajectories with Sustainable and Affordable and Clean Energy by promoting battery-free, environmentally sustainable wearable and IoT technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061
Manal A. Awad , Awatif A. Hendi , Khalid M. Ortashi , Saad G. Alshammari , Hayat Althobaiti , Gul Naz , Fatimah Al-Abbas , Reema A. Alnamlah , Meshal Marzoog Al-Sharafa , Raghad M. Alsubaie , Nada M. Merghani , R. Ramadan , H.J. Elamin , Fahd Z. Eissa , Eram Eltahir , Maha M. Almoneef
This study reports the synthesis of a composite of lanthanum (La2O3)–zinc oxide nanoparticles (La-ZnONPs) using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, compositional, and functional properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically investigated. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed an excitonic absorption peak at ∼364 nm, and the optical band gap was calculated to be 2.9 ± 0.02 eV using the Kubelka–Munk method. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the vibrational modes of functional groups, with a prominent peak in the range of 3000–3600 cm−1 corresponding to the O–H bond, while the absence of additional significant absorption bands confirmed the high purity of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed their morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of ∼15 ± 0.01 nm. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that La-ZnO electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.8064 ± 0.001 F/g at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s, which decreased to 0.3758 ± 0.01 F/g at higher scan rates due to reduced interaction time between the active material and electrolyte ions. The observed pseudocapacitive behavior was attributed to oxygen vacancies and La incorporation, which enhanced the overall capacitance. The anticancer potential of La-ZnONPs was evaluated against colon cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with cell viabilities of 28.5 ± 0.12 %, 25 ± 0.15 %, and 30.2 ± 0.14 % for colon, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cells, respectively, demonstrating effective cytotoxicity at relatively low concentrations and highlighting their potential as anticancer agents. Unlike previous studies on La-ZnO, which primarily focused on structural and optical properties, this work demonstrates the dual functionality of La-ZnONPs by systematically assessing both their electrochemical and anticancer activities. These findings underscore their biomedical relevance and potential application in energy storage, offering a unique combination of multifunctional properties for future technological and therapeutic developments.
{"title":"Optical and structural characteristics of La2O3-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via the Co-precipitation technique: Potential for energy storage and biomedical applications","authors":"Manal A. Awad , Awatif A. Hendi , Khalid M. Ortashi , Saad G. Alshammari , Hayat Althobaiti , Gul Naz , Fatimah Al-Abbas , Reema A. Alnamlah , Meshal Marzoog Al-Sharafa , Raghad M. Alsubaie , Nada M. Merghani , R. Ramadan , H.J. Elamin , Fahd Z. Eissa , Eram Eltahir , Maha M. Almoneef","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of a composite of lanthanum (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)–zinc oxide nanoparticles (La-ZnONPs) using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, compositional, and functional properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically investigated. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed an excitonic absorption peak at ∼364 nm, and the optical band gap was calculated to be 2.9 ± 0.02 eV using the Kubelka–Munk method. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the vibrational modes of functional groups, with a prominent peak in the range of 3000–3600 cm<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to the O–H bond, while the absence of additional significant absorption bands confirmed the high purity of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed their morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of ∼15 ± 0.01 nm. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that La-ZnO electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.8064 ± 0.001 F/g at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s, which decreased to 0.3758 ± 0.01 F/g at higher scan rates due to reduced interaction time between the active material and electrolyte ions. The observed pseudocapacitive behavior was attributed to oxygen vacancies and La incorporation, which enhanced the overall capacitance. The anticancer potential of La-ZnONPs was evaluated against colon cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with cell viabilities of 28.5 ± 0.12 %, 25 ± 0.15 %, and 30.2 ± 0.14 % for colon, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cells, respectively, demonstrating effective cytotoxicity at relatively low concentrations and highlighting their potential as anticancer agents. Unlike previous studies on La-ZnO, which primarily focused on structural and optical properties, this work demonstrates the dual functionality of La-ZnONPs by systematically assessing both their electrochemical and anticancer activities. These findings underscore their biomedical relevance and potential application in energy storage, offering a unique combination of multifunctional properties for future technological and therapeutic developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101067
Nadia Reza , Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque , K.S. Al-mugren
A quatrefoil-loop-shaped metamaterial is designed in this paper to detect explosive gases in the C and X bands. It achieves three resonance frequencies at 6.5 GHz, 7.58 GHz, and 8.7 GHz with absorption rates of 99.9 %, 93.2 %, and 96.5 %, respectively. The absorber shows the same absorption at different polarization angles from 0° to 90° in both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The absorber can sense explosive gases such as propane and butane. The sensitivity of the propane and butane is 0.47 GHz/RIU and 0.5 GHz/RIU with a quality factor of 130 and 216, respectively. The Figure of Merit values are 10 for propane and 16.67 for butane. The sensing occurs based on the refractive index. The design is based on a cost-effective FR-4 (lossy) dielectric substrate. The unit cell dimensions are 8 × 8 × 1.6 mm3. Analysis of surface current, electric fields, and magnetic fields confirms strong resonance at each band. Additionally, the design's equivalent circuit is modeled and validated in Advanced Design System (ADS). The fabricated design is measured, and the measurement results agree well with the simulated response.
{"title":"Quatrefoil-loop metamaterial absorber with polarization-independent and wide angular stable response for dual-band explosive gas sensing","authors":"Nadia Reza , Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque , K.S. Al-mugren","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A quatrefoil-loop-shaped metamaterial is designed in this paper to detect explosive gases in the C and X bands. It achieves three resonance frequencies at 6.5 GHz, 7.58 GHz, and 8.7 GHz with absorption rates of 99.9 %, 93.2 %, and 96.5 %, respectively. The absorber shows the same absorption at different polarization angles from 0° to 90° in both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The absorber can sense explosive gases such as propane and butane. The sensitivity of the propane and butane is 0.47 GHz/RIU and 0.5 GHz/RIU with a quality factor of 130 and 216, respectively. The Figure of Merit values are 10 for propane and 16.67 for butane. The sensing occurs based on the refractive index. The design is based on a cost-effective FR-4 (lossy) dielectric substrate. The unit cell dimensions are 8 × 8 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. Analysis of surface current, electric fields, and magnetic fields confirms strong resonance at each band. Additionally, the design's equivalent circuit is modeled and validated in Advanced Design System (ADS). The fabricated design is measured, and the measurement results agree well with the simulated response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058
Xu-Xiang Cai , Sheng-Jung Tsou , Chung-Kwei Lin , Ruey-Bin Yang , Wen-An Chiou , Hong-Ming Lin , Yuh-Jing Chiou
Lightweight radar absorbing materials (RAMs) play a crucial role in various applications requiring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Both large reflection loss and wide effective absorption bandwidth are key issues for RAMs. In the present study, facile and mass producible NiFe nanowires were prepared and inlaid with ZnS nanocrystals (5, 10, and 15 wt%) to improve their microwave absorption properties. The physical materials characteristics of the so-obtained ZnS/NiFe nanowires were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, etc. Microwave absorber composites were prepared using 5 wt% optimal ZnS/NiFe nanowires and investigated to reveal their corresponding microwave absorption performance. The experimental results showed that (ZnS)10/(Ni1Fe99)90 (i.e., Ni1Fe99 NWs inlaid with 10 wt% ZnS nanocrystals) exhibited significant improvements in both microwave absorption characteristics (complex permeability and permittivity) and performance (reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth, EAB). The minimum reflection loss was −50.32 dB at 17.60 GHz for a thickness of 1.5 mm, whereas EAB reached 7.59 GHz, ranging from 10.41 to 18.00 GHz for a 1.7 mm thickness. The superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation loss induced by the inlay of ZnS nanocrystals on Ni1Fe99 NWs.
{"title":"Superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance of NiFe nanowires inlaid with ZnS Nanocrystals: Synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation","authors":"Xu-Xiang Cai , Sheng-Jung Tsou , Chung-Kwei Lin , Ruey-Bin Yang , Wen-An Chiou , Hong-Ming Lin , Yuh-Jing Chiou","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight radar absorbing materials (RAMs) play a crucial role in various applications requiring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Both large reflection loss and wide effective absorption bandwidth are key issues for RAMs. In the present study, facile and mass producible NiFe nanowires were prepared and inlaid with ZnS nanocrystals (5, 10, and 15 wt%) to improve their microwave absorption properties. The physical materials characteristics of the so-obtained ZnS/NiFe nanowires were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, etc. Microwave absorber composites were prepared using 5 wt% optimal ZnS/NiFe nanowires and investigated to reveal their corresponding microwave absorption performance. The experimental results showed that (ZnS)<sub>10</sub>/(Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub>)<sub>90</sub> (i.e., Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub> NWs inlaid with 10 wt% ZnS nanocrystals) exhibited significant improvements in both microwave absorption characteristics (complex permeability and permittivity) and performance (reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth, EAB). The minimum reflection loss was −50.32 dB at 17.60 GHz for a thickness of 1.5 mm, whereas EAB reached 7.59 GHz, ranging from 10.41 to 18.00 GHz for a 1.7 mm thickness. The superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation loss induced by the inlay of ZnS nanocrystals on Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub> NWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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