Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100835
Jun Cao , Junchao Zhang , Huiyi Tang , Xiaoyu Shen , Kexing Song , Yanjun Zhou , Chengqiang Cui
The relationship and influencing mechanism among the reduction rate, the strengthening behavior and the microstructure evolution of rolled Cu strips were studied. It was found that with the increase of reduction rate, the uneven deformation behavior of the Cu strip was divided into three zones. The grain size in Zone I was refined accompanied by large-scale entangled dislocations, and a nanosheet layered texture was formed. The primary reason for the increase in the strength of the Cu strip is the combined strengthening effect of dislocation, grain boundary and texture, as well as the strengthening effect provided by some lattice friction. The grain orientation exhibited periodic transitions between <110> and <111>, <001>, which provides assistance for grain refinement and dislocation accumulation. The grains in the fracture zone of the Cu strip are elongated and refined during stretching, and flow towards the central axis of the cross-section. The fracture mechanism has shifted from cutting to a chip edge/point to a combined action of multiple mechanisms, which is also accompanied by a gradual increase in the “tearing angle".
{"title":"Investigation on the microstructure evolution and strengthening behavior of rolled bonding Cu strip","authors":"Jun Cao , Junchao Zhang , Huiyi Tang , Xiaoyu Shen , Kexing Song , Yanjun Zhou , Chengqiang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship and influencing mechanism among the reduction rate, the strengthening behavior and the microstructure evolution of rolled Cu strips were studied. It was found that with the increase of reduction rate, the uneven deformation behavior of the Cu strip was divided into three zones. The grain size in Zone I was refined accompanied by large-scale entangled dislocations, and a nanosheet layered texture was formed. The primary reason for the increase in the strength of the Cu strip is the combined strengthening effect of dislocation, grain boundary and texture, as well as the strengthening effect provided by some lattice friction. The grain orientation exhibited periodic transitions between <110> and <111>, <001>, which provides assistance for grain refinement and dislocation accumulation. The grains in the fracture zone of the Cu strip are elongated and refined during stretching, and flow towards the central axis of the cross-section. The fracture mechanism has shifted from cutting to a chip edge/point to a combined action of multiple mechanisms, which is also accompanied by a gradual increase in the “tearing angle\".</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100821
R. López Antón , J.P. Andrés , J.A. González , A. García-Gómez , V. Zhukova , A. Chizhik , M. Salaheldeen , A. Zhukov
We studied the magnetic properties and Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in amorphous Co-rich microwires with similar chemical compositions and different diameters with magnetic (Co, Permalloy) and non-magnetic (Cu) layers deposited by magnetic sputtering onto glass-coating. Studies of magnetic properties and GMI effect of as-prepared microwires and the same microwires with deposited magnetic and non-magnetic layers reveal substantial impact of such layers on GMI effect and hysteresis loops. Both as-prepared samples present soft magnetic properties and high GMI effect. The contribution of magnetic layers is observed in hysteresis loop at higher magnetic field, with hysteresis loops similar to those observed in microwires with mixed amorphous-crystalline structure. Meanwhile, both magnetic and non-magnetic layers affect low field hysteresis loops of both samples. Additionally, the GMI ratio, ΔZ/Z, and magnetic field dependences of GMI ratio are substantially affected by the presence of magnetic and non-magnetic layers deposited onto glass-coating. We discussed the observed experimental dependences considering both change of the internal stresses originated by the sputtered layer as well as the magnetostatic interaction between the amorphous ferromagnetic nucleus and deposited magnetic layers.
{"title":"Tuning of magnetic properties and giant magnetoimpedance effect in multilayered microwires","authors":"R. López Antón , J.P. Andrés , J.A. González , A. García-Gómez , V. Zhukova , A. Chizhik , M. Salaheldeen , A. Zhukov","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the magnetic properties and Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in amorphous Co-rich microwires with similar chemical compositions and different diameters with magnetic (Co, Permalloy) and non-magnetic (Cu) layers deposited by magnetic sputtering onto glass-coating. Studies of magnetic properties and GMI effect of as-prepared microwires and the same microwires with deposited magnetic and non-magnetic layers reveal substantial impact of such layers on GMI effect and hysteresis loops. Both as-prepared samples present soft magnetic properties and high GMI effect. The contribution of magnetic layers is observed in hysteresis loop at higher magnetic field, with hysteresis loops similar to those observed in microwires with mixed amorphous-crystalline structure. Meanwhile, both magnetic and non-magnetic layers affect low field hysteresis loops of both samples. Additionally, the GMI ratio, ΔZ/Z, and magnetic field dependences of GMI ratio are substantially affected by the presence of magnetic and non-magnetic layers deposited onto glass-coating. We discussed the observed experimental dependences considering both change of the internal stresses originated by the sputtered layer as well as the magnetostatic interaction between the amorphous ferromagnetic nucleus and deposited magnetic layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100820
Ahmad Hasanzadeh , Atefeh Alipour , Sajedeh Ghasemi , Saadi Hosseini , Naser Farrokhi , Peng-Yuan Wang , Ali Zarrabi , Javad Mohammadi , Hosein Shahsavarani
Developing effective scaffolds to address significant bone and dental defects is crucial in regenerative osteal and dental medicine. Traditional methods utilizing synthetic micropatterned scaffolds have effectively stimulated osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells through parallel, 3D topographic, hexagonal, and elongated architectural features. However, these approaches face significant cost, scalability, and biocompatibility challenges. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of decellularized plant scaffolds, such as those derived from Beaucarnea recurvata leaves (BLDS). These offer intrinsic microstructural advantages with solving reproducibility, scalability, incurred cost, and biocompatibility challenges. This study explores the enhancement of BLDS using grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a natural polyphenol known for its beneficial effects on bone and dental stem cell differentiation. By functionalizing BLDS with GSPE, we investigated its impact on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPDMSCs). The modified scaffolds exhibited improved physicochemical properties, including enhanced cell proliferation, protein absorption, scaffold interactions, and upregulated osteogenic and dental marker gene expression. SEM imaging revealed significant cellular growth and morphological changes indicative of successful differentiation. Furthermore, BLDS-GSPE demonstrated increased ALP activity and mineral deposition, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective, reproducible and biocompatible alternative for bone and dental repair compared to conventional synthetic biomaterials.
开发有效的支架来解决严重的骨和牙齿缺损问题，对骨膜再生和牙科医学至关重要。利用合成微图案支架的传统方法，通过平行、三维地形、六角形和拉长结构特征，有效刺激了干细胞的成骨和成牙分化。然而，这些方法在成本、可扩展性和生物相容性方面面临巨大挑战。最近的进展突显了脱细胞植物支架的潜力，例如那些从Beaucarnea recurvata叶片（BLDS）中提取的支架。这些材料具有内在的微结构优势，解决了可重复性、可扩展性、成本和生物相容性方面的难题。葡萄籽原花青素提取物（GSPE）是一种天然多酚，因其对骨骼和牙齿干细胞分化的有益作用而闻名。通过用 GSPE 对 BLDS 进行功能化，我们研究了它对人牙髓间充质干细胞（DPDMSCs）成骨和成牙分化的影响。改性后的支架具有更好的理化特性，包括细胞增殖、蛋白质吸收、支架相互作用以及成骨和牙科标志基因表达上调。扫描电子显微镜成像显示，细胞生长和形态变化明显，表明分化成功。此外，BLDS-GSPE 还显示出 ALP 活性和矿物质沉积的增加，这表明与传统的合成生物材料相比，BLDS-GSPE 有潜力成为一种具有成本效益、可重复性和生物相容性的骨和牙齿修复替代材料。
{"title":"Proanthocyanidin-Imbued cellulosic 3-Dimensional intrinsic aligned Nanostructures: A novel approach for dental and bone regeneration using dental pulp derived stem cells","authors":"Ahmad Hasanzadeh , Atefeh Alipour , Sajedeh Ghasemi , Saadi Hosseini , Naser Farrokhi , Peng-Yuan Wang , Ali Zarrabi , Javad Mohammadi , Hosein Shahsavarani","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing effective scaffolds to address significant bone and dental defects is crucial in regenerative osteal and dental medicine. Traditional methods utilizing synthetic micropatterned scaffolds have effectively stimulated osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells through parallel, 3D topographic, hexagonal, and elongated architectural features. However, these approaches face significant cost, scalability, and biocompatibility challenges. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of decellularized plant scaffolds, such as those derived from <em>Beaucarnea recurvata</em> leaves (BLDS). These offer intrinsic microstructural advantages with solving reproducibility, scalability, incurred cost, and biocompatibility challenges. This study explores the enhancement of BLDS using grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a natural polyphenol known for its beneficial effects on bone and dental stem cell differentiation. By functionalizing BLDS with GSPE, we investigated its impact on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPDMSCs). The modified scaffolds exhibited improved physicochemical properties, including enhanced cell proliferation, protein absorption, scaffold interactions, and upregulated osteogenic and dental marker gene expression. SEM imaging revealed significant cellular growth and morphological changes indicative of successful differentiation. Furthermore, BLDS-GSPE demonstrated increased ALP activity and mineral deposition, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective, reproducible and biocompatible alternative for bone and dental repair compared to conventional synthetic biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100818
Van-Hao Vu , Khanh-Huyen Bui , Khoa D.D. Dang , Manh Duong-Tuan , Dung D. Le , Tung Nguyen-Dang
Recent environmental challenges have resulted in tremendous interest in Green Chemistry, which includes designing chemical products and processes that reduce the use of environmentally harmful substances. Until now, finding new environmental chemical synthesis has mainly been a trial-and-error process, requiring trained expertise and a lot of work. Here, we report a high-throughput process, combining AI techniques and robotic synthesis, allowing us to find a more environmentally friendly way to synthesize an existing material. The model materials in this study are to replace nitrate salts (NO3−), which might be responsible for algae bloom if leaked into open water, with a chloride salt (Cl−), a naturally abundant ion, in the synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF), Zn-HKUST-1. Our high-throughput process starts with using large language models (LLM)-based literature summary to create a database on the synthesis of Zn-HKUST-1 with NO3−, so that optimized concentrations of Cl− can be suggested. Subsequently, these suggestions are tested with automatic robotic processes, increasing the speed and precision of the experiments, and finding the optimal synthesis condition. Then, by using human verification as a foundation, we developed an AI-based automated classification algorithm to automatically sort the acquired images into crystals and non-crystals, focusing on low-resource settings. We successfully obtained MOF crystals from ZnCl2 precursors with this process, which proves that our process holds the promise to accelerate the discovery of new Green Chemistry processes.
{"title":"Finding environmental-friendly chemical synthesis with AI and high-throughput robotics","authors":"Van-Hao Vu , Khanh-Huyen Bui , Khoa D.D. Dang , Manh Duong-Tuan , Dung D. Le , Tung Nguyen-Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent environmental challenges have resulted in tremendous interest in Green Chemistry, which includes designing chemical products and processes that reduce the use of environmentally harmful substances. Until now, finding new environmental chemical synthesis has mainly been a trial-and-error process, requiring trained expertise and a lot of work. Here, we report a high-throughput process, combining AI techniques and robotic synthesis, allowing us to find a more environmentally friendly way to synthesize an existing material. The model materials in this study are to replace nitrate salts (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), which might be responsible for algae bloom if leaked into open water, with a chloride salt (Cl<sup>−</sup>), a naturally abundant ion, in the synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF), Zn-HKUST-1. Our high-throughput process starts with using large language models (LLM)-based literature summary to create a database on the synthesis of Zn-HKUST-1 with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, so that optimized concentrations of Cl<sup>−</sup> can be suggested. Subsequently, these suggestions are tested with automatic robotic processes, increasing the speed and precision of the experiments, and finding the optimal synthesis condition. Then, by using human verification as a foundation, we developed an AI-based automated classification algorithm to automatically sort the acquired images into crystals and non-crystals, focusing on low-resource settings. We successfully obtained MOF crystals from ZnCl<sub>2</sub> precursors with this process, which proves that our process holds the promise to accelerate the discovery of new Green Chemistry processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100817
Liangzheng Ji , Jing Zhang , Guoqi Zhang , Pan Liu
Driven by the need for improved quality, energy efficiency, and visual innovation, display technology has evolved from CRT to Mini LED. However, the transfer process in Mini LED assembly poses challenges in precision. This study addressed the displacement issue during the transfer process by investigating the synergistic effects of solder and functional organic chemicals. Through the Mini LED assembly process, with the Mini LED size measuring 150 μm (length) ∗ 100 μm (width) ∗ 70 μm (thickness), polyamide was identified as a facilitator for precise alignment, which enhanced self-alignment capabilities by 68.8 % and improved the accuracy on self-aligned distance from 12.5 μm to 21.1 μm in Mini LED packaging. Through the powder coalescence approach, further extensive analysis using XPS, SEM, FTIR, and DSC reveals the synergistic effects. It supports the proposed three-dimensional polyamide-tin ion coordination interfacial network construction mechanism that facilitates solder-to-solder self-alignment and coalescence. This study provides insight into such a polymer-metal ion 3D coordination network for Mini LED precise alignment, which is promising for mass production.
在提高质量、能源效率和视觉创新需求的推动下，显示技术已从 CRT 发展到 Mini LED。然而，Mini LED 组装中的转移过程在精度方面存在挑战。本研究通过研究焊料和功能性有机化学品的协同效应，解决了转移过程中的位移问题。通过 Mini LED 组装过程，在 Mini LED 尺寸为 150 μm（长）∗ 100 μm（宽）∗ 70 μm（厚）的情况下，聚酰胺被确定为精确对准的促进剂，可将自对准能力提高 68.8%，并将 Mini LED 封装中自对准距离的精度从 12.5 μm 提高到 21.1 μm。通过粉末凝聚方法，利用 XPS、SEM、FTIR 和 DSC 进行的进一步广泛分析揭示了协同效应。这支持了所提出的三维聚酰胺-锡离子配位界面网络构建机制，该机制可促进焊料之间的自对准和凝聚。这项研究深入探讨了这种聚合物-金属离子三维配位网络对 Mini LED 的精确对准，为大规模生产带来了希望。
{"title":"A polyamide-facilitated soldering approach for Mini LED precise alignment leveraging 3D interfacial networks","authors":"Liangzheng Ji , Jing Zhang , Guoqi Zhang , Pan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the need for improved quality, energy efficiency, and visual innovation, display technology has evolved from CRT to Mini LED. However, the transfer process in Mini LED assembly poses challenges in precision. This study addressed the displacement issue during the transfer process by investigating the synergistic effects of solder and functional organic chemicals. Through the Mini LED assembly process, with the Mini LED size measuring 150 μm (length) ∗ 100 μm (width) ∗ 70 μm (thickness), polyamide was identified as a facilitator for precise alignment, which enhanced self-alignment capabilities by 68.8 % and improved the accuracy on self-aligned distance from 12.5 μm to 21.1 μm in Mini LED packaging. Through the powder coalescence approach, further extensive analysis using XPS, SEM, FTIR, and DSC reveals the synergistic effects. It supports the proposed three-dimensional polyamide-tin ion coordination interfacial network construction mechanism that facilitates solder-to-solder self-alignment and coalescence. This study provides insight into such a polymer-metal ion 3D coordination network for Mini LED precise alignment, which is promising for mass production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100817"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100819
Elham Lori Zoudani, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Navid Kashaninejad
Wicking is an efficient liquid-handling strategy used in biomedicine, textile engineering, and environmental monitoring. Laser micromachining is a powerful method that induces unidirectional wicking by altering a surface's physical and chemical properties in one step. This research examines how laser machining affects the wicking dynamics of open microchannels. Microchannels were fabricated on a pre-laser-machined hydrophobic square on a silicon substrate, and their wicking performance, i.e., flow rate, water meniscus shape, and durability, was evaluated under various conditions, including different laser parameters, channel orientation, and engraving designs. Depending on its distribution, surface roughness, influenced by laser parameters, is critical in enhancing or hindering wicking. The laser can create two distinct wicking modes on a single platform. Increased roughness slows wicking in horizontally oriented channels, while in vertically oriented channels, it significantly boosts the capillary rate. The durability of wicking also depends on surface roughness properties; microchannels with tightly structured textures maintain durable wicking independent of their capillary flow rate. This study provides insights into how laser machining influences wicking dynamics in microstructures, offering strategies for optimizing microfluidic devices.
{"title":"Surface engineering for enhanced wicking: The role of laser machining and surface roughness","authors":"Elham Lori Zoudani, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Navid Kashaninejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wicking is an efficient liquid-handling strategy used in biomedicine, textile engineering, and environmental monitoring. Laser micromachining is a powerful method that induces unidirectional wicking by altering a surface's physical and chemical properties in one step. This research examines how laser machining affects the wicking dynamics of open microchannels. Microchannels were fabricated on a pre-laser-machined hydrophobic square on a silicon substrate, and their wicking performance, i.e., flow rate, water meniscus shape, and durability, was evaluated under various conditions, including different laser parameters, channel orientation, and engraving designs. Depending on its distribution, surface roughness, influenced by laser parameters, is critical in enhancing or hindering wicking. The laser can create two distinct wicking modes on a single platform. Increased roughness slows wicking in horizontally oriented channels, while in vertically oriented channels, it significantly boosts the capillary rate. The durability of wicking also depends on surface roughness properties; microchannels with tightly structured textures maintain durable wicking independent of their capillary flow rate. This study provides insights into how laser machining influences wicking dynamics in microstructures, offering strategies for optimizing microfluidic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100816
Morongwa E. Ramoroka , Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe , Hayelom H. Tesfay , Miranda M. Ndipingwi , Vivian S. John-Denk , Kwena D. Modibane , Samantha F. Douman , Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
Tuning the molecular structure of a copolymer is of considerable importance for optimizing its optoelectronic and morphological properties. This will enormously help in improving and understanding the performance of a copolymer as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Herein, we reported a simple synthetic approach for developing a polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT-PT) using chemical oxidation polymerization. To the best of our knowledge, the investigations of monomer molar ratio have never been reported for synthesis of dendritic copolymers. Different concentrations of hexylthiophene (3HT) as a monomer for poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains growth on the branches of polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine) (PPIT) as a dendritic core were studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that P3HT-PT has mixture of P3HT chains arrangements with different chain lengths. More head-to-tail arrangement was achieved at low concentration of 3HT. This study revealed that concentration of 3HT alter with optical, microscopic, electrochemical and thermal properties of P3HT-PT. Synthesized P3HT-PT polymers were further investigated as donor materials in OPVs. The investigations indicated that the P3HT-PT40 based OPV has better photovoltaic performance due to fewer aggregates and high crystallinity of P3HT-PT40, low LUMO energy levels offset and sufficient charge separation in comparison with P3HT-PT60 and P3HT-PT80 based OPVs.
{"title":"Unravelling the monomer molar ratio modulation of the optoelectronics of Poly(propylene imine) tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-co-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) copolymer","authors":"Morongwa E. Ramoroka , Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe , Hayelom H. Tesfay , Miranda M. Ndipingwi , Vivian S. John-Denk , Kwena D. Modibane , Samantha F. Douman , Emmanuel I. Iwuoha","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuning the molecular structure of a copolymer is of considerable importance for optimizing its optoelectronic and morphological properties. This will enormously help in improving and understanding the performance of a copolymer as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Herein, we reported a simple synthetic approach for developing a polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine)-<em>co</em>-poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT-PT) using chemical oxidation polymerization. To the best of our knowledge, the investigations of monomer molar ratio have never been reported for synthesis of dendritic copolymers. Different concentrations of hexylthiophene (3HT) as a monomer for poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) chains growth on the branches of polypropylene imine tetra(thiophen-2-ylmethylene-amine) (PPIT) as a dendritic core were studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that P3HT-PT has mixture of P3HT chains arrangements with different chain lengths. More head-to-tail arrangement was achieved at low concentration of 3HT. This study revealed that concentration of 3HT alter with optical, microscopic, electrochemical and thermal properties of P3HT-PT. Synthesized P3HT-PT polymers were further investigated as donor materials in OPVs. The investigations indicated that the P3HT-PT40 based OPV has better photovoltaic performance due to fewer aggregates and high crystallinity of P3HT-PT40, low LUMO energy levels offset and sufficient charge separation in comparison with P3HT-PT60 and P3HT-PT80 based OPVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100814
Christina Schmidleithner, Johannes R. Peham
In microfluidics, on-chip fluid control is crucial for applications where programmable and automated fluid handling with low dead volume and limited auxiliary equipment is desired. This is, for instance, the case for point-of-care (POC) devices, especially in low resource settings. The integration of photoactive valves into a disposable microfluidic chip is one method of attaining low-power and non-contact fluid control in the blink of an LED. A liquid crystal network (LCN) based micro-valve was developed, which enables rapid fluid transfer on-chip by opening a venting channel upon illumination at 80 mW cm-2 with a 455 nm wavelength LED. We show in two proof-of-principle devices that multiple valves can be integrated into a 3D-printed microfluidic chip. Their individual actuation leads to directed sequential filling as well as draining of a reaction chamber, providing the prerequisite for intricate on-chip processes. Thus, our photoactive valves show the potential of facilitating programmable lab-on-a-chip experiments, for instance, for sample preparation such as for bind-wash-elute protocols, for immunoassay, or for amplification-based detection methods.
在微流控技术中，片上流体控制对于需要可编程和自动化流体处理、低死体积和有限辅助设备的应用至关重要。例如，护理点（POC）设备就是这种情况，尤其是在资源匮乏的环境中。将光动阀集成到一次性微流控芯片中，是在 LED 闪烁时实现低功耗、非接触式流体控制的一种方法。我们开发了一种基于液晶网络（LCN）的微型阀门，它能在 455 纳米波长 LED 以 80 mW cm-2 的光照下打开一个排气通道，从而实现芯片上的快速流体传输。我们在两个原理验证装置中展示了多个阀门可以集成到 3D 打印微流控芯片中。它们的单独驱动导致反应室定向顺序填充和排空，为复杂的片上过程提供了先决条件。因此，我们的光活性阀门展示了促进可编程芯片实验室实验的潜力，例如，用于样品制备（如活洗消泡剂方案）、免疫测定或基于扩增的检测方法。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100807
Zainab M.H. El-Qahtani , A. Modwi , K.H. Ibnaouf , Hanadi M. AbdelSalam , Tahani M. Albogami , Adel A. Bahaddad
The appealing graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is extensively utilized for environmental remediation; however, some of its intrinsic drawbacks still need to be amended. Herein, the g-C3N4 quality was improved by anchoring to AlCrO3 nanoparticles to acquire a competent ternary AlCrO3@g-C3N4 composite for the cadmium ions elimination. The composite elemental compositions were verified by the EDX and XPS to specify the C, N, Cr, Al, and O as the composing elements, and the XRD structural analysis revealed the development of both the g-C3N4 and AlCrO3. The presence of some functional groups (C–N, CN, –NH–, –NH2, and –OH) as detected by the FTIR and a large surface area of 89.94 m2 g−1 qualified it to successfully eliminate.mg.g−1 of Cd+2 ions from an aqueous solution. The Cd+2 ion adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, while the kinetics matched with the pseudo-second-order style. The high adsorption aptitude of the synthesized adsorbent could be accredited to the numerous adsorption sites, π-π conjugate interactions, and electrostatic attractions with the metal ions in water as publicized by mechanistic study.
{"title":"AlCrO3-grafted g-C3N4 composite for cadmium ions removal: A paradigm shift in environmental remediation","authors":"Zainab M.H. El-Qahtani , A. Modwi , K.H. Ibnaouf , Hanadi M. AbdelSalam , Tahani M. Albogami , Adel A. Bahaddad","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The appealing graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is extensively utilized for environmental remediation; however, some of its intrinsic drawbacks still need to be amended. Herein, the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> quality was improved by anchoring to AlCrO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles to acquire a competent ternary AlCrO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite for the cadmium ions elimination. The composite elemental compositions were verified by the EDX and XPS to specify the C, N, Cr, Al, and O as the composing elements, and the XRD structural analysis revealed the development of both the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and AlCrO<sub>3</sub>. The presence of some functional groups (C–N, C<img>N, –NH–, –NH<sub>2</sub><sub>,</sub> and –OH) as detected by the FTIR and a large surface area of 89.94 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> qualified it to successfully eliminate.mg.g<sup>−1</sup> of Cd<sup>+2</sup> ions from an aqueous solution. The Cd<sup>+2</sup> ion adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, while the kinetics matched with the pseudo-second-order style. The high adsorption aptitude of the synthesized adsorbent could be accredited to the numerous adsorption sites, π-π conjugate interactions, and electrostatic attractions with the metal ions in water as publicized by mechanistic study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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