Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices最新文献

As witnessed worldwide, there has been rapid growth in research and the creation of energy storage devices such as supercapacitor electrodes that can store and deliver energy at a speedy rate, and provide high currents in a short duration. This article deals with a review on how supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials get developed from bio-waste like cooked chicken bone waste (CCBW), chicken egg shells, fish gills, fishbone waste, and biodegradable and non-biodegradable marine wastes such as plastics, mangroves, chitosans, and mussel shells, which provide economic benefit for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. The synthesis and preparation involved in the study include one step activation and colloidal blending processes. The characterization of the as-prepared materials is carried out by implementing XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and RAMAN spectroscopy. It is visualized that electrode materials possess high carbon content with porosity leading to a greater specific surface area, which is essential for high conductance SC electrodes. Researche on electrochemical analysis of prepared electrodes from such marine waste materials using CV, GCD, and EIS techniques has been analyzed.

The present study investigates the synthesis and analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) intended for use in electronic devices. ZnO NPs with an average crystallite size of 33 nm and a hexagonal wurtzite structure were produced by the combustion process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a densely packed, spherical morphology. Elastic properties, studied through the General Utility Lattice Program (GULP) and Elastic Tensor Analysis (ELATE), reveal the ductile nature of ZnO NPs. Optical studies exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 366 nm, with a calculated optical band gap of 2.36 eV. Additionally, efforts are being made to determine refractive index (n), electronic polarizability (α) and optical susceptibility (χ). Electrical properties, including dielectric behaviour, AC conductivity, and I–V characteristics, demonstrated the influence of relaxation phenomena and revealed non-ohmic conduction. The dielectric studies show that dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and impedance are frequency and temperature dependent. Richardson-Schottky emission was identified as the predominant conduction mechanism, highlighting the potential of ZnO NPs in electronic devices.

Our research unveils the synthesis of BiVO₄-Bi₂O₃ triangular sheet composites, demonstrating their impact on charge separation ability under visible light irradiation. We found that composites with optimal BiVO₄ content exhibit enhanced photocurrent density, reduced interfacial resistance, prolonged carrier life, increased surface active sites, improved charge transfer efficiency, and carrier concentration. The proposed Z-scheme mechanism appears to govern this composite system’s efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. These findings underscore the potential of BiVO₄-Bi₂O₃ triangular sheet composites in adjusting photosensitivity and enhancing the photocatalytic ability of β-Bi₂O₃ triangular sheets, opening up new avenues for research in the application of the sustainable environment field.

Charge storage performance of the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS, PH1000)-based supercapacitor is greatly enhanced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treatment and addition of aramid nanofibers (ANFs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. To reveal it, we synthesized the films of PH1000, DMSO-treated PH1000 (D-P) and DMSO-treated PH1000-20 wt%ANF (D-PA) to construct the in-plane supercapacitors. A comparative study of electrochemical performance was firstly conducted to identify the specific contribution of DMSO-treatment and ANF components. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was then analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the reduction of the ohmic resistance of the device was mainly attributed to the DMSO-treatment, while the addition of ANFs was found to contribute more to the decrease of Warburg resistance. The effects of DMSO-treatment and ANF components on the electrical propertíe and microstructure of PH1000 film were analyzed based on the square resistance results and AFM/SEM images, respectively. Dynamic permeation processes of the hydrogel electrolyte on the films were further recorded, vividly showing that the electrolyte permeability is highly dependent on the microstructure of the film. Through these analyses, a deep insight into the synergistic effects of DMSO-treatment and ANF addition on the electrochemical performance of the PH1000-based supercapacitor has been reached.

Recently, propolis has shown potential cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction. However, challenges in its clinical application have arisen, primarily due to concerns regarding dosage and potential adverse effects. To address this, we suggest integrating propolis into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/gelatin hydrogel to regulate the localized release of propolis at infarcted sites. PVA/gelatin hydrogels with varying propolis concentrations (3%, 7%, and 10%) were fabricated using a freeze–thawing method, and we characterized their microstructure, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior. Additionally, we examined propolis release profiles and assessed the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels. The presence of propolis in the PVA/gelatin hydrogel interfered with PVA and gelatin chains through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, consequently restricting chain movement and enhancing mechanical strength with increasing propolis concentration. The swelling ratio decreased by at least 40% upon the addition of propolis to the PVA/gelatin hydrogel. The PVA/gelatin hydrogels with different concentrations of propolis exhibited sustained release of propolis characterized by a burst release in the initial hour followed by a release at a constant rate up to 120 min, 240 min, and over 360 min for 3%, 7%, and 10% propolis, respectively. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test of the hydrogels’ degradation products against HEK 293 cells revealed cell viability within the range of 80–90%, indicating that the hydrogels were non-toxic and safe for cell growth. The incorporation of propolis into PVA/gelatin hydrogels not only allows for controlled localized release but also presents a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction.

The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and application as energy devices of an ionic liquid blended polymer electrolyte film in which the host polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is mixed with low viscosity ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate. Various characterization tools have been used further to elaborate electrical, structural, and photoelectrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscope (POM) affirm the reduction of crystallinity of polymer, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows complexation and composite nature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows an enhancement in ionic conductivity by IL doping, where the highest conductivity is achieved at 60 wt% of IL concentration with a conductivity value of 6.21 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm. The ionic transference number (t_ion) and electrochemical stability measurement show the film's predominantly ionic nature and a reasonable stability window. Using maximum conducting film sandwiched between electrodes, we have successfully fabricated two devices, i.e., an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The fabricated EDLC capacitor shows a specific capacitance of 125 F/g, while DSSC shows an efficiency of 1.1 % at one sun condition.

In this study, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was implemented for the sensitive detection of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.00 with lab-made nanocomposite materials for environmental remediation. Initially, a flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified using the inorganic-organic binary Au-NPs@ZnO/CTSN(Chitosan) nanocomposites (NCs) was used as a working electrode (WE). The NCs of Au NPs@ZnO/CTSN were basically prepared by an ultra-sonochemical process and fabricated on a GCE using conducting coating binder such as PEDOT:PSS. Before the electrochemical examination, the Au NPs@ZnO/CTSN NC was fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the functional, morphological, structural, elemental, surface area, crystallinity, and binding energy analyses. A linear concentration range (LDR) of 2-NP from 15⁓150 μM was evaluated by LSV in room conditions. From the slope of the calibration curve, the sensor sensitivity was calculated and found to be 20.9905 μAμM⁻¹cm⁻². At signal/noise ratio of 3, the lower limit of detection (LOD) is obtained as 0.45 ± 0.023 μM. Additionally, pH optimization, sensor-probe characterization, stability, and validity are fully analyzed in identical conditions by LSV. Besides this, the assembled 2-NP sensor probe as Au NPs@ZnO/CTSN NCs/PEDOT:PSS/GCE for validity test was performed elaborately and found the reliable and satisfactory results. This is a new approach to the development of electrochemical sensors for environmental chemical analysis using an electrochemical process with gold-nanoparticle decorated ZnO-chitosan for the safety of environmental and healthcare fields on a broad scale.

Increasing prerequisites for sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies have necessitated the exploration of advanced materials with improved properties. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO/NiO, ZnO/Co₃O₄ and ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NCs as promising bi-functional materials for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and electrochemical energy storage applications. A facile chemical co-precipitation approach was followed to synthesize pure ZnO NPs, ZnO/NiO, ZnO/Co₃O₄ and ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NCs. The structural and morphological analyses revealed the successful integration of ZnO, NiO, and Co₃O₄ NPs and also the formation of well-defined core-shell and homogenous nanocomposite structures. The XRD and HRTEM analyses confirmed the crystalline nature and nanoscale morphology of synthesized materials, respectively. The photovoltaic performance of DSSC fabricated using ternary ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NC photoanode showed optimum dye-loading and best solar to electrical energy conversion efficiency with J_sc of 11.29 mA cm⁻² and ƞ of 4.66%, which was considerably higher than the DSSC fabricated using pure ZnO NPs photoanode (ƞ = 2.01%). The increment in photocurrent density (J_sc) could be ascribed to the perfect band alignment of NiO and Co₃O₄ NPs in the ternary NC. Further, the ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NC photoanode integrated DSSC disclosed 97% retainment in energy conversion efficiency even after 10 days of operation. The electrochemical performance of supercapacitor fabricated using ternary ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NC showed high specific capacitance of 534.7 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹ with favourable rate ability (∼52% at 16 Ag⁻¹), good cyclic stability (91.07%) and low internal resistance. Moreover, the ZnO/NiO/Co₃O₄ NC at a current density of 2 Ag⁻¹ exhibited a significantly high capacitance value of 463.1 Fg⁻¹, which was 1.93, 1.58 and 1.22 times greater than ZnO NPs, ZnO/Co₃O₄ NC and ZnO/NiO NC, respectively.

Elimination of heavy metals from contaminated water systems is of prime distress due to their capacity to prompt toxic impact on the flora and fauna. The usage of innovative nano-engineered materials predominantly opens up smart prospects for the treatment of persistent heavy metal adulterated water resources. This study presents an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel production of Ru@Co₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ nanostructure that was utilized to remove Cu⁺² and Cd⁺² ions from aqueous solutions. The X-ray diffraction investigation revealed the development of RuO₂, Co₂O₃ and g-C₃N₄ phases, and the relevant elemental composition was verified by the photoelectron spectroscopy and EDX. The dispersion of the metal oxides within the nitride sheets was evidenced by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The initial metal ions concentration, pH, and contact time effects were investigated through batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm models matched the Langmuir isotherm well, whereas the kinetics model data perfectly fitted the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu⁺² and Cd⁺² ions on the nanocomposite Ru@Co₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ were 696.9 and 564.5 mg/g, respectively. A mechanism based on a viable covalent type of bonding developed by the delocalized -conjugated electrons of the triazine ring and functional groups were efficiently involved in the metal ions anchoring and ultimate elimination. Thus, the suitability of the Ru@Co₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite for eradicating heavy metals, including Cu⁺² and Cd^+2, was established.

The tumor microenvironment responsive multifunctional nanoplatforms with integrated diagnosis and therapy have recently received great attention in anti-cancer treatment. In this study, we developed biocompatible iron oxide-hydroxide-based nanorods (DOX-FPT NRs) for MR imaging and H₂S scavenging assisted synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy of colon cancer, which is fabricated by modifying polydopamine (PDA) and transferrin (Tf) on the surface of iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH) nanorods. The prepared DOX-FPT NRs could precisely target the colon cancer cells through transferrin ligand-receptor-mediated targeting and effectively scavenge endogenous H₂S to prohibit the growth of colon cancer. Meanwhile, the considerable drug loading capability and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency are permitted by the PDA shell modification. In addition, the H₂S scavenging assisted photothermal-chemotherapy showed an excellent therapeutic effect on CT26 cells via in vitro cell test. Therefore, the prepared DOX-PFT NRs will be a promising nanoplatform to enhance the therapeutic effect of colon cancer through the treatment strategy of H₂S scavenging-assisted synergistic photothermal chemotherapy.