Sn4+ substitution at the Ti sites of CaCu3Ti4.5O12 ceramics was successfully achieved via a polymer pyrolysis technique. The effects of Sn4+ incorporation on the dielectric and nonlinear electrical properties were systematically examined. XRD and FE-SEM analyses confirmed the coexistence of CaCu3Ti4O12 and TiO2 phases with refined grains and uniformly dispersed secondary phases, while EDXS mapping revealed suppressed CuO segregation together with enhanced TiO2 homogeneity along grain boundaries. Consequently, the CaCu3Ti4.3Sn0.2O12 ceramic sintered at 1060 °C for 6 h exhibited a high permittivity (ε′ ≈ 7.45 × 103) and ultralow dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.027 at 1 kHz, 30 °C), together with excellent temperature stability (Δε' < ±15 % from −60 to 150 °C), meeting the X8R capacitor standard. Nonlinear J–E analysis revealed a significant enhancement in α (≈35.9) and Eb (≈1.32 × 104 V cm−1), suitable for varistor applications. The improved dielectric and nonlinear responses stemmed from increased grain-boundary resistance (Rgb ≈ 224.1 kΩ cm) and higher barrier height (ΦB ≈ 1.15 eV), both induced by Sn4+ substitution and microstructural refinement. XANES results revealed a slight Ti4+ → Ti3+ reduction, enhancing small-polaron hopping in semiconducting grains and maintaining strong grain-boundary insulation, which together shape the dielectric and nonlinear behaviors. These synergistic effects enable high stability, low loss, and strong non-Ohmic performance, positioning Sn-doped CaCu3Ti4+xO12 ceramics as promising candidates for next-generation capacitor–varistor integration.
{"title":"Sn4+-modified Ti-rich CaCu3Ti4.5O12 ceramics with low loss and X8R-Grade thermal stability prepared by polymer pyrolysis","authors":"Ekaphan Swatsitang , Sasitorn Putjuso , Anuchit Hunyek , Thanin Putjuso","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sn<sup>4+</sup> substitution at the Ti sites of CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramics was successfully achieved via a polymer pyrolysis technique. The effects of Sn<sup>4+</sup> incorporation on the dielectric and nonlinear electrical properties were systematically examined. XRD and FE-SEM analyses confirmed the coexistence of CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> phases with refined grains and uniformly dispersed secondary phases, while EDXS mapping revealed suppressed CuO segregation together with enhanced TiO<sub>2</sub> homogeneity along grain boundaries. Consequently, the CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4.3</sub>Sn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramic sintered at 1060 °C for 6 h exhibited a high permittivity (ε′ ≈ 7.45 × 10<sup>3</sup>) and ultralow dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.027 at 1 kHz, 30 °C)<strong>,</strong> together with excellent temperature stability (Δε' < ±15 % from −60 to 150 °C)<strong>,</strong> meeting the X8R capacitor standard<strong>.</strong> Nonlinear <em>J–E</em> analysis revealed a significant enhancement in α (≈35.9) and E<sub>b</sub> (≈1.32 × 10<sup>4</sup> V cm<sup>−1</sup>)<strong>,</strong> suitable for varistor applications. The improved dielectric and nonlinear responses stemmed from increased grain-boundary resistance (<em>R</em><sub>gb</sub> ≈ 224.1 kΩ cm) and higher barrier height (Φ<sub>B</sub> ≈ 1.15 eV), both induced by Sn<sup>4+</sup> substitution and microstructural refinement. XANES results revealed a slight Ti<sup>4+</sup> → Ti<sup>3+</sup> reduction, enhancing small-polaron hopping in semiconducting grains and maintaining strong grain-boundary insulation, which together shape the dielectric and nonlinear behaviors. These synergistic effects enable high stability, low loss, and strong non-Ohmic performance, positioning Sn-doped CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4+<em>x</em></sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramics as promising candidates for next-generation capacitor–varistor integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pure MoS, binary ZnS/MoS, and ternary ZnS/MoS/composites incorporated with carbonaceous materials such as SWCNT, MWCNT, and GO nano-composites are synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The compositions of the pure, binary, and ternary nano-composites are maintained at ratios of 100, 90:10, and 86:10:4, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a hexagonal single-phase structure. The surface morphology revealed well-defined nano-spheres with clear boundaries. Among the prepared materials, the ternary ZnS (86 %)–MoS (10 %)–GO (4 %) composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, delivering an average specific capacitance of 1098 F/g at various scan rates. It also demonstrated a high energy density of 1093 Wh/kg and a power density of 9.3 W/kg. A predominant pseudocapacitive charge-storage behavior is observed, with a diffusive contribution of 85.47 % at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, indicating its potential as a promising candidate for advanced energy storage systems. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of transition metal sulfides combined with carbonaceous materials.
{"title":"Improved structure and supercapacitor performance by harnessing MoS/ZnS/GO &CNTs Nanospheres","authors":"Rabia Khurram , Safia Anjum , Imed Boukhris , Anam Mansoor , Tafruj Ilayas , Mehwish Sattar","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pure MoS, binary ZnS/MoS, and ternary ZnS/MoS/composites incorporated with carbonaceous materials such as SWCNT, MWCNT, and GO nano-composites are synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The compositions of the pure, binary, and ternary nano-composites are maintained at ratios of 100, 90:10, and 86:10:4, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a hexagonal single-phase structure. The surface morphology revealed well-defined nano-spheres with clear boundaries. Among the prepared materials, the ternary ZnS (86 %)–MoS (10 %)–GO (4 %) composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, delivering an average specific capacitance of 1098 F/g at various scan rates. It also demonstrated a high energy density of 1093 Wh/kg and a power density of 9.3 W/kg. A predominant pseudocapacitive charge-storage behavior is observed, with a diffusive contribution of 85.47 % at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, indicating its potential as a promising candidate for advanced energy storage systems. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of transition metal sulfides combined with carbonaceous materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101083
Aravind Rajan Ayagara , Subramanyam Vijayasaradhi , Sai Adithya Vanga , Mayur Shriram Kannadkar , André Langlet
Recent advancements in stealth technology have intensified the demand for radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) that combine superior attenuation performance with structural integrity. This review systematically examines carbon-based RAMs, specifically polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon-based nanofillers, emphasizing their dual role in enhancing electromagnetic absorption and mechanical performance. This work uniquely integrates the mechanical behavior of these materials, providing a comprehensive understanding of filler dispersion, interfacial interactions, and their influence on dielectric loss and load-bearing capabilities. Comparative analysis across multiple studies highlights how processing routes, filler morphology, and multi-layer configurations affect reflection loss (RL), impedance matching, and bandwidth within the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Hybrid and multilayer systems demonstrate synergistic effects, achieving broadband absorption exceeding 4 GHz with RL values below −40 dB, while maintaining enhanced tensile and flexural strengths at optimal filler loadings. The review further delineates fabrication methods, scaling challenges, and optimization strategies essential for practical implementation. Finally, emerging trends like multifunctional and hybrid nanofillers, lightweight foamed architectures, and surface-functionalized composites are discussed as promising pathways toward durable, scalable, and structurally integrated carbon-based RAMs for next-generation defense and aerospace platforms.
{"title":"Polymer matrix composites as radar-absorbent materials in the X-Band: A comprehensive review","authors":"Aravind Rajan Ayagara , Subramanyam Vijayasaradhi , Sai Adithya Vanga , Mayur Shriram Kannadkar , André Langlet","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in stealth technology have intensified the demand for radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) that combine superior attenuation performance with structural integrity. This review systematically examines carbon-based RAMs, specifically polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon-based nanofillers, emphasizing their dual role in enhancing electromagnetic absorption and mechanical performance. This work uniquely integrates the mechanical behavior of these materials, providing a comprehensive understanding of filler dispersion, interfacial interactions, and their influence on dielectric loss and load-bearing capabilities. Comparative analysis across multiple studies highlights how processing routes, filler morphology, and multi-layer configurations affect reflection loss (RL), impedance matching, and bandwidth within the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Hybrid and multilayer systems demonstrate synergistic effects, achieving broadband absorption exceeding 4 GHz with RL values below −40 dB, while maintaining enhanced tensile and flexural strengths at optimal filler loadings. The review further delineates fabrication methods, scaling challenges, and optimization strategies essential for practical implementation. Finally, emerging trends like multifunctional and hybrid nanofillers, lightweight foamed architectures, and surface-functionalized composites are discussed as promising pathways toward durable, scalable, and structurally integrated carbon-based RAMs for next-generation defense and aerospace platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing demand for electromagnetic dissipation in electronic and information technologies has prompted continuous innovation in microwave absorbers. However, conventional designs are often based on uniform structures, which face limitations in achieving simultaneous low-frequency and broadband performance due to their limited geometric diversity and synergistic effects. To overcome these challenges, we propose a multiscale resonant labyrinth metastructure that is designed with multiple combinations of cavity dimensions. This metastructure was fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using a polyether ether ketone/flaky carbonyl iron particles (PEEK/FCIPs) composite. Simulation and experiment have demonstrated that the metastructure synergistically integrates multiple dissipation mechanisms, including quarter-wavelength resonance, multicavity resonance, and edge diffraction. The finally optimized design exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth from 2.04 to 16.02 GHz, with a strong absorption band (below −15 dB) covering 2.49–9.04 GHz at a 10 mm thickness. Experimental results agree well with the simulations, and also reveal excellent angular stability that maintains effective absorption up to 45° for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. This work provides an innovative structural design strategy to overcome conventional absorption performance limits, particularly in low-frequency absorption, showing significant promise for practical electromagnetic protection applications.
{"title":"3D printed multiscale resonant labyrinth composite metastructure for enhanced low-frequency microwave absorption","authors":"Yubing Duan , Yunfeng Zhao , Hao Xing , Dawei Shen , Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for electromagnetic dissipation in electronic and information technologies has prompted continuous innovation in microwave absorbers. However, conventional designs are often based on uniform structures, which face limitations in achieving simultaneous low-frequency and broadband performance due to their limited geometric diversity and synergistic effects. To overcome these challenges, we propose a multiscale resonant labyrinth metastructure that is designed with multiple combinations of cavity dimensions. This metastructure was fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using a polyether ether ketone/flaky carbonyl iron particles (PEEK/FCIPs) composite. Simulation and experiment have demonstrated that the metastructure synergistically integrates multiple dissipation mechanisms, including quarter-wavelength resonance, multicavity resonance, and edge diffraction. The finally optimized design exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth from 2.04 to 16.02 GHz, with a strong absorption band (below −15 dB) covering 2.49–9.04 GHz at a 10 mm thickness. Experimental results agree well with the simulations, and also reveal excellent angular stability that maintains effective absorption up to 45° for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. This work provides an innovative structural design strategy to overcome conventional absorption performance limits, particularly in low-frequency absorption, showing significant promise for practical electromagnetic protection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101082
M.I. Sayyed , Mohammad W. Marashdeh , Ashok Kumar , Sabina Yasmin
This study investigates the physical, structural, and radiation shielding properties of a B2O3-PbO2-BaO-CaO-Sm2O3 glass. The density increases (3.953–4.388 g/cm3) with higher BaO and Sm2O3 content due to the incorporation of heavier elements. The molar volume shows non-linear trends attributed to competing effects of Sm3+ ion incorporation and network disruption. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed structural changes. The formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) improves with rising Sm2O3 content. The elastic moduli decrease with Sm2O3 content. The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) are investigated at energies corresponding to those emitted from Eu-152 source using Phy-X software. The MAC at 0.122 MeV was found to range from 1.179 to 1.264 cm2/g. The effective atomic number for 1 S m sample shows a high value of 46.33 at 0.122 MeV. The half value layer for 1 S m sample is 0.149 cm at 0.122 MeV. Among the prepared glasses, the glass with the composition 11PbO2-25BaO-10CaO-50B2O3-4Sm2O3 exhibited the highest MAC.
本研究考察了B2O3-PbO2-BaO-CaO-Sm2O3玻璃的物理、结构和辐射屏蔽性能。随着BaO和Sm2O3含量的增加，合金密度增大（3.953 ~ 4.388 g/cm3）。由于Sm3+离子掺入和网络破坏的竞争作用，摩尔体积呈现非线性趋势。FTIR光谱显示了结构变化。随着Sm2O3含量的增加，非桥氧（NBO）的生成增多。弹性模量随Sm2O3含量的增加而减小。利用Phy-X软件研究了与eu152源发射能量对应的质量衰减系数（MAC）。0.122 MeV时的MAC值为1.179 ~ 1.264 cm2/g。在0.122 MeV下，1 S m样品的有效原子序数达到46.33。在0.122 MeV下，1 S m样品的半值层为0.149 cm。在所制备的玻璃中，组分为11PbO2-25BaO-10CaO-50B2O3-4Sm2O3的玻璃的MAC值最高。
{"title":"Tailoring the structural and functional properties of B2O3-PbO2-BaO-CaO-Sm2O3 glass system for potential radiation shielding applications","authors":"M.I. Sayyed , Mohammad W. Marashdeh , Ashok Kumar , Sabina Yasmin","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the physical, structural, and radiation shielding properties of a B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PbO<sub>2</sub>-BaO-CaO-Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass. The density increases (3.953–4.388 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) with higher BaO and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content due to the incorporation of heavier elements. The molar volume shows non-linear trends attributed to competing effects of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ion incorporation and network disruption. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed structural changes. The formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) improves with rising Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content. The elastic moduli decrease with Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content. The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) are investigated at energies corresponding to those emitted from Eu-152 source using Phy-X software. The MAC at 0.122 MeV was found to range from 1.179 to 1.264 cm<sup>2</sup>/g. The effective atomic number for 1 S m sample shows a high value of 46.33 at 0.122 MeV. The half value layer for 1 S m sample is 0.149 cm at 0.122 MeV. Among the prepared glasses, the glass with the composition 11PbO<sub>2</sub>-25BaO-10CaO-50B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-4Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibited the highest MAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101081
Ahmed Alzamil , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Wong Hin Yong , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulwadoud A. Maash , Mohamed S. Soliman , Riaz Hussain , Mohammad Tariqul Islam
This study presents a highly efficient metamaterial (MTM) absorber designed for precise sensing applications, particularly for distinguishing edible oils based on their dielectric properties. Utilising a compact maze-shaped structure comprising a copper resonator and a Rogers 5880 substrate, the absorber achieves near-perfect (> 99 %) absorption efficiency across the 2–5 GHz frequency range. The absorber's geometric parameters were investigated in detail, revealing significant improvements in multi-band performance and resonance tuning with incremental increases in the resonator's complexity. Comprehensive simulations conducted using CST Microwave Studio and validated through equivalent circuit modelling demonstrated strong agreement, establishing a robust design methodology. Experimental verification confirmed the absorber's sensitivity, demonstrating clear differentiation among mustard, coconut, and sunflower oils through distinct resonance-frequency shifts attributable to their dielectric constants. The sensor achieved an exceptional quality factor (Q = 170), high sensitivity (0.85 GHz per dielectric unit), and superior absorption performance, positioning it as a promising candidate for industrial applications in quality control and food safety.
{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of a multi-band metamaterial absorber for oil quality sensing","authors":"Ahmed Alzamil , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Wong Hin Yong , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulwadoud A. Maash , Mohamed S. Soliman , Riaz Hussain , Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a highly efficient metamaterial (MTM) absorber designed for precise sensing applications, particularly for distinguishing edible oils based on their dielectric properties. Utilising a compact maze-shaped structure comprising a copper resonator and a Rogers 5880 substrate, the absorber achieves near-perfect (> 99 %) absorption efficiency across the 2–5 GHz frequency range. The absorber's geometric parameters were investigated in detail, revealing significant improvements in multi-band performance and resonance tuning with incremental increases in the resonator's complexity. Comprehensive simulations conducted using CST Microwave Studio and validated through equivalent circuit modelling demonstrated strong agreement, establishing a robust design methodology. Experimental verification confirmed the absorber's sensitivity, demonstrating clear differentiation among mustard, coconut, and sunflower oils through distinct resonance-frequency shifts attributable to their dielectric constants. The sensor achieved an exceptional quality factor (Q = 170), high sensitivity (0.85 GHz per dielectric unit), and superior absorption performance, positioning it as a promising candidate for industrial applications in quality control and food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101078
Azim Sharkar , Md. Moniruzzaman , N.H.M.A. Azim , Mahjabin Mobarak , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi , Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman , Mohammad Tariqul Islam
This article introduces a nanoscale metamaterial absorber (MMA) with significant photon absorption characteristics for incorporating in thermal emitters intended for solar energy harvesting from the visible spectrum in the optical frequency regime. The proposed MMA unit cell has an electrical dimension of 0.13 × 0.13 × 0.07 , where represents the maximum wavelength of the visible spectrum. It comprises a quartz (fused) substrate, a tungsten resonator layer, and a gold backplane. The computational model of the absorber is created utilizing CST Microwave Studio. The proposed MMA can produce an average absorption of 91.27% within the visible wavelength spectrum (375–750 nm), featuring dual absorption maxima of 94.37% and 99.81% at 428.81 nm and 657.89 nm, respectively. The performance of the MMA is further verified through high-frequency simulation software (HFSS) that provides an average absorption of 93.04%, indicating the accuracy of the design. The comprehensive parametric studies are accomplished, and absorption phenomena are analyzed through the current and field distribution. The absorber exhibits an almost zero polarization conversion ratio (PCR) with a maximum of 5.6 × 10−5. Moreover, the absorption spectra are stable for variation in polarization and incident angle up to 90° for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The design attains a maximum solar irradiance efficiency of 92.18% facilitating effective photon conversion and reflection reduction. Additionally, a comparison of the presented MMA is made with some recent works, revealing that some other works provide higher absorption bandwidth but expose limited angular stability (≤70°), lower solar irradiance efficiency, and higher dimensions. But the proposed absorber overcomes these constraints by optimizing structural parameters and ensuring wide-band absorption, high incident and polarization angle stability, improved photon conversion efficiency within a compact dimension. Due to its compact dimension, stable absorption performance, and high solar irradiance efficiency, this new MMA can be utilized in thermal emitters for solar energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"Nanoscale optical-regime metamaterial absorber for enhanced photon absorption in thermal emitters","authors":"Azim Sharkar , Md. Moniruzzaman , N.H.M.A. Azim , Mahjabin Mobarak , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi , Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman , Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a nanoscale metamaterial absorber (MMA) with significant photon absorption characteristics for incorporating in thermal emitters intended for solar energy harvesting from the visible spectrum in the optical frequency regime. The proposed MMA unit cell has an electrical dimension of 0.13 <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span> × 0.13 <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span> × 0.07 <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span> represents the maximum wavelength of the visible spectrum. It comprises a quartz (fused) substrate, a tungsten resonator layer, and a gold backplane. The computational model of the absorber is created utilizing CST Microwave Studio. The proposed MMA can produce an average absorption of 91.27% within the visible wavelength spectrum (375–750 nm), featuring dual absorption maxima of 94.37% and 99.81% at 428.81 nm and 657.89 nm, respectively. The performance of the MMA is further verified through high-frequency simulation software (HFSS) that provides an average absorption of 93.04%, indicating the accuracy of the design. The comprehensive parametric studies are accomplished, and absorption phenomena are analyzed through the current and field distribution. The absorber exhibits an almost zero polarization conversion ratio (PCR) with a maximum of 5.6 × 10<sup>−5</sup>. Moreover, the absorption spectra are stable for variation in polarization and incident angle up to 90° for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The design attains a maximum solar irradiance efficiency of 92.18% facilitating effective photon conversion and reflection reduction. Additionally, a comparison of the presented MMA is made with some recent works, revealing that some other works provide higher absorption bandwidth but expose limited angular stability (≤70°), lower solar irradiance efficiency, and higher dimensions. But the proposed absorber overcomes these constraints by optimizing structural parameters and ensuring wide-band absorption, high incident and polarization angle stability, improved photon conversion efficiency within a compact dimension. Due to its compact dimension, stable absorption performance, and high solar irradiance efficiency, this new MMA can be utilized in thermal emitters for solar energy harvesting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101077
F. Malekpour , M. Hojjati
Processing and post-processing parameters critically determine the structural performance of additively manufactured parts. Poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), a high-performance thermoplastic, offers considerable promise for aerospace applications. However, its mechanical behavior in material extrusion (MEX) remains constrained by pronounced anisotropy and weak interlayer bonding. Addressing these limitations requires understanding how printing architecture and post-processing jointly influence mechanical response. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an optimized annealing protocol, established in our previous work (210 °C for 30 min), in reducing anisotropic behavior and enhancing mechanical performance across different raster orientations and architected structures. Tensile and flexural coupons were fabricated at raster angles of 0°, ±45°, and 90° using three infill patterns (line, concentric, and mixed) and tested before and after annealing. Additionally, compressive coupons of Schwarz G and Schwarz P lattices with 40 % relative density were examined to represent structural architected geometries, tested both parallel and perpendicular to the print-layer direction. Results show that reinforcement by annealing is pattern-dependent. At the maximum reinforcement, concentric infill yielded the greatest tensile strength improvement (29.5 %), whereas the 90° raster exhibited the largest flexural strength gain (17.6 %). For structural lattices, compressive strength increased by 37.5 % in Schwarz G, while a reduction of 18.6 % was observed in Schwarz P. While annealing enhanced stiffness, strength, and thermal stability, it also introduced dimensional changes and occasional void-related defects. Overall, this study demonstrates the interplay between anisotropic printing architecture and post-processing, providing pathways to tailor PEKK components for aerospace and structural applications requiring either superior strength (annealed) or enhanced toughness (as-printed).
{"title":"Tailoring anisotropy and mechanical performance of additively manufactured PEKK through annealing and architected design","authors":"F. Malekpour , M. Hojjati","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Processing and post-processing parameters critically determine the structural performance of additively manufactured parts. Poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), a high-performance thermoplastic, offers considerable promise for aerospace applications. However, its mechanical behavior in material extrusion (MEX) remains constrained by pronounced anisotropy and weak interlayer bonding. Addressing these limitations requires understanding how printing architecture and post-processing jointly influence mechanical response. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an optimized annealing protocol, established in our previous work (210 °C for 30 min), in reducing anisotropic behavior and enhancing mechanical performance across different raster orientations and architected structures. Tensile and flexural coupons were fabricated at raster angles of 0°, ±45°, and 90° using three infill patterns (line, concentric, and mixed) and tested before and after annealing. Additionally, compressive coupons of Schwarz G and Schwarz P lattices with 40 % relative density were examined to represent structural architected geometries, tested both parallel and perpendicular to the print-layer direction. Results show that reinforcement by annealing is pattern-dependent. At the maximum reinforcement, concentric infill yielded the greatest tensile strength improvement (29.5 %), whereas the 90° raster exhibited the largest flexural strength gain (17.6 %). For structural lattices, compressive strength increased by 37.5 % in Schwarz G, while a reduction of 18.6 % was observed in Schwarz P. While annealing enhanced stiffness, strength, and thermal stability, it also introduced dimensional changes and occasional void-related defects. Overall, this study demonstrates the interplay between anisotropic printing architecture and post-processing, providing pathways to tailor PEKK components for aerospace and structural applications requiring either superior strength (annealed) or enhanced toughness (as-printed).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101066
Shuxin Li , Wenfei Shen , Shuhan Guo , Yanliang Yue , Yao Wang , Hao Fu , Qiao Wang , Matt J. Kipper , Christopher D. Snow , Soo Wohn Lee , Laurence A. Belfiore , Jianguo Tang
Considered a pivotal advancement for commercial applications, blade coating technology for large area photovoltaic devices has emerged as a forefront research area in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a high-performance PM6:L8-BO device is fabricated with the blade-coating method in ambient air. Meanwhile, Eu3+-induced diblock polymer aggregates (EIPAs) and Tb3+-induced diblock polymer aggregates (TIPAs) with excellent fluorescent properties were synthesized through self-assembly and incorporated as an additive into the PM6:L8-BO system to increase the ultraviolet light absorption and enhance BC-PSC light harvesting. By employing this strategy, the blade-coating device's power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved from 12.25 % to 13.63 %, and the relative efficiency was enhanced by 11.3 %. In addition to the performance improvement, the stability of the devices was also enhanced by 19 %, indicating the effectiveness of this approach in producing more efficient and durable PSCs.
{"title":"Enhanced efficiency of blade-coated polymer solar cells via Eu3+/Tb3+-induced nanoaggregates of PS-b-PAA","authors":"Shuxin Li , Wenfei Shen , Shuhan Guo , Yanliang Yue , Yao Wang , Hao Fu , Qiao Wang , Matt J. Kipper , Christopher D. Snow , Soo Wohn Lee , Laurence A. Belfiore , Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considered a pivotal advancement for commercial applications, blade coating technology for large area photovoltaic devices has emerged as a forefront research area in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a high-performance PM6:L8-BO device is fabricated with the blade-coating method in ambient air. Meanwhile, Eu<sup>3+</sup>-induced diblock polymer aggregates (EIPAs) and Tb<sup>3+</sup>-induced diblock polymer aggregates (TIPAs) with excellent fluorescent properties were synthesized through self-assembly and incorporated as an additive into the PM6:L8-BO system to increase the ultraviolet light absorption and enhance BC-PSC light harvesting. By employing this strategy, the blade-coating device's power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved from 12.25 % to 13.63 %, and the relative efficiency was enhanced by 11.3 %. In addition to the performance improvement, the stability of the devices was also enhanced by 19 %, indicating the effectiveness of this approach in producing more efficient and durable PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065
Gang Guo , Yongcheng Chen , Gencai Guo
The quest for efficient photocatalysts for solar-driven water splitting is paramount for advancing clean hydrogen energy. Here, we systematically investigate a novel family of 2D Janus XYTe2 (X = Al, Ga; Y=Ga, In; X≠Y) monolayers and bilayer GaInTe2, using first-principles calculations. Our investigations reveal that the designed monolayers possess robust dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability. They possess suitable band gaps (1.88–2.46 eV), high visible-light absorption coefficients, and appropriate band edge alignment for photocatalytic water splitting. Notably, GaInTe2 monolayer achieves a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ∼21.5 %. More strikingly, stacking GaInTe2 into a bilayer with an AB2 configuration dramatically enhances its performance. The bilayer exhibits a reduced bandgap (1.36 eV), significantly boosted optical absorption across the visible spectrum, and achieves an ultrahigh theoretical STH efficiency of 42.21 %. Furthermore, Gibbs free energy change calculations provide evidence for the thermodynamic accessibility of the HER in these systems. The outcomes of our analysis establish the Janus XYTe2 family, with special emphasis on the AB2-stacked GaInTe2 bilayer, as an exceptional system for pioneering next-generation solar energy conversion.
{"title":"Janus XYTe2 monolayers and GaInTe2 bilayer: promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting - a first-principles study","authors":"Gang Guo , Yongcheng Chen , Gencai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for efficient photocatalysts for solar-driven water splitting is paramount for advancing clean hydrogen energy. Here, we systematically investigate a novel family of 2D Janus XYTe<sub>2</sub> (X = Al, Ga; Y=Ga, In; X≠Y) monolayers and bilayer GaInTe<sub>2</sub>, using first-principles calculations. Our investigations reveal that the designed monolayers possess robust dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability. They possess suitable band gaps (1.88–2.46 eV), high visible-light absorption coefficients, and appropriate band edge alignment for photocatalytic water splitting. Notably, GaInTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer achieves a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ∼21.5 %. More strikingly, stacking GaInTe<sub>2</sub> into a bilayer with an AB2 configuration dramatically enhances its performance. The bilayer exhibits a reduced bandgap (1.36 eV), significantly boosted optical absorption across the visible spectrum, and achieves an ultrahigh theoretical STH efficiency of 42.21 %. Furthermore, Gibbs free energy change calculations provide evidence for the thermodynamic accessibility of the HER in these systems. The outcomes of our analysis establish the Janus XYTe<sub>2</sub> family, with special emphasis on the AB2-stacked GaInTe<sub>2</sub> bilayer, as an exceptional system for pioneering next-generation solar energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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