Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12401
Benard K. Ngeno, Geoffrey K. Maiyoh, Vivian C. Tuei
Tarchonantus camphoratus (TC) has been used traditionally to manage diabetes mellitus (DM) in Kenya but its efficacy has not been scientifically evaluated. This study aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic properties of TC crude leaf extract in diet-induced diabetic Wistar rats. DM was induced using high fructose (25% w/v) in drinking water for 12 weeks. Rats were divided into five groups (n=7): Groups I: normal control; II; diabetic untreated; III, IV & V; diabetic treated (21 days) with metformin (100 mg/kg.bw/day), 300 and 600 mg/kg.bw/day of TC extract respectively. Fasting body weights and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. Oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total proteins (TP), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB) and triglyceride (TG) mass in skeletal muscle were analysed at end of the study. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard procedures. Diabetic untreated rats had significantly higher body weights (p ˂0.05) compared to other groups. There was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in TC treatment groups compared to untreated controls. Increased glucose tolerance was observed in treated groups. TC extract significantly improved fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia compared to DM groups. ALP, ALT, and CRP were significantly lowered while TP and ALB were elevated in the extract treated rats compared with untreated DM rats. DM group also exhibited significantly higher skeletal muscle TG mass when compared to normal control and diabetic treated groups. The phytochemical-rich TC leaf extract therefore possess potential alternative medicine for DM management.
{"title":"Antidiabetic properties of Tarchonanthus camphoratus in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats","authors":"Benard K. Ngeno, Geoffrey K. Maiyoh, Vivian C. Tuei","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12401","url":null,"abstract":"Tarchonantus camphoratus (TC) has been used traditionally to manage diabetes mellitus (DM) in Kenya but its efficacy has not been scientifically evaluated. This study aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic properties of TC crude leaf extract in diet-induced diabetic Wistar rats. DM was induced using high fructose (25% w/v) in drinking water for 12 weeks. Rats were divided into five groups (n=7): Groups I: normal control; II; diabetic untreated; III, IV & V; diabetic treated (21 days) with metformin (100 mg/kg.bw/day), 300 and 600 mg/kg.bw/day of TC extract respectively. Fasting body weights and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. Oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total proteins (TP), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB) and triglyceride (TG) mass in skeletal muscle were analysed at end of the study. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard procedures. Diabetic untreated rats had significantly higher body weights (p ˂0.05) compared to other groups. There was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in TC treatment groups compared to untreated controls. Increased glucose tolerance was observed in treated groups. TC extract significantly improved fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia compared to DM groups. ALP, ALT, and CRP were significantly lowered while TP and ALB were elevated in the extract treated rats compared with untreated DM rats. DM group also exhibited significantly higher skeletal muscle TG mass when compared to normal control and diabetic treated groups. The phytochemical-rich TC leaf extract therefore possess potential alternative medicine for DM management.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12303
S Kayalvizhi, SP Kopperundevi, G Dhineshraman
Siddha system of medicine is oldest traditional system in south India. In these system herbals plays a vital role in prevention and curing the disease. Siddhar’s who told the amazing solution for aging process. Causes of aging are due to increased level of free radicals that damage the major constituents of the cell. Herbals naturally have free radical scavenging activity because Presence of phyto-constiuents like polyphenols generally indicates the rejuvenating properties. The present study also to validate the Estrodial induced PCOS female wistar albino rats to treat with extract of Kadugurogini Chooranam (Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora) and the level of hormones were detected for the ovulation inducing activity and analysis the anti-radical properties from the decoction of Kadugurogini Chooranam (Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora) through the four parameters superoxide, nitricoxide, lipid peroxidation, ABTS radical activity with standard antioxidant and positive control is used as a ascorbic acid. Therefore, aqueous root extracts of Kadugurogini Chooranam have considerable antioxidant properties. In preliminary study, the Kadugurogini Chooranam posse’s significant effects on hormonal level on PCOS induced female wister albino rats.
{"title":"Ovulation Inducing Activity in PCOD Induced Female Wister Albino Rats and In vitro Studies of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Kadugurogini chooranam (Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora)","authors":"S Kayalvizhi, SP Kopperundevi, G Dhineshraman","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12303","url":null,"abstract":"Siddha system of medicine is oldest traditional system in south India. In these system herbals plays a vital role in prevention and curing the disease. Siddhar’s who told the amazing solution for aging process. Causes of aging are due to increased level of free radicals that damage the major constituents of the cell. Herbals naturally have free radical scavenging activity because Presence of phyto-constiuents like polyphenols generally indicates the rejuvenating properties. The present study also to validate the Estrodial induced PCOS female wistar albino rats to treat with extract of Kadugurogini Chooranam (Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora) and the level of hormones were detected for the ovulation inducing activity and analysis the anti-radical properties from the decoction of Kadugurogini Chooranam (Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora) through the four parameters superoxide, nitricoxide, lipid peroxidation, ABTS radical activity with standard antioxidant and positive control is used as a ascorbic acid. Therefore, aqueous root extracts of Kadugurogini Chooranam have considerable antioxidant properties. In preliminary study, the Kadugurogini Chooranam posse’s significant effects on hormonal level on PCOS induced female wister albino rats.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12301
Srinath Akuthota, K.Raj Kumar, J.Ravi Chander
Background: Brain-computer interfaces that use motor imagery hold promise for direct communication and control through brain signals. Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for extracting discriminative features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in tasks requiring motor imagery. Objective: This survey paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of different CSP techniques employed in motor imagery BCIs, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Methods: We reviewed the literature and identified various CSP techniques, including Riemannian CSP, deep learning-based CSP, multiway CSP, and temporally weighted CSP etc. For each technique, we examined their underlying principles, algorithmic implementation, advantages, disadvantages, filtering technique used, classification accuracy, dataset used and relevant comments. Conclusion: Understanding and comparing different CSP techniques are crucial for enhancing the performance of motor imagery-based BCIs. Each technique has its own advantages and considerations, such as computational complexity and adaptability to different BCI scenarios. This survey serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate CSP techniques to advance the area towards successful brain-controlled systems by enhancing the reliability and accuracy of motor imagery-based BCIs.
{"title":"A Complete Survey on Common Spatial Pattern Techniques in Motor Imagery BCI","authors":"Srinath Akuthota, K.Raj Kumar, J.Ravi Chander","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brain-computer interfaces that use motor imagery hold promise for direct communication and control through brain signals. Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for extracting discriminative features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in tasks requiring motor imagery. Objective: This survey paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of different CSP techniques employed in motor imagery BCIs, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Methods: We reviewed the literature and identified various CSP techniques, including Riemannian CSP, deep learning-based CSP, multiway CSP, and temporally weighted CSP etc. For each technique, we examined their underlying principles, algorithmic implementation, advantages, disadvantages, filtering technique used, classification accuracy, dataset used and relevant comments. Conclusion: Understanding and comparing different CSP techniques are crucial for enhancing the performance of motor imagery-based BCIs. Each technique has its own advantages and considerations, such as computational complexity and adaptability to different BCI scenarios. This survey serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate CSP techniques to advance the area towards successful brain-controlled systems by enhancing the reliability and accuracy of motor imagery-based BCIs.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12302
Gisèle Atsang à kiki, Ousmaila Hamadou, Ernest Nogma Sombié, Finsia Egre, Paul desire Dzeufiet Djomeni, Takvou Francis
Asthma is a disease characterized by difficulty breathing. According to the WHO, asthma affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. In Africa, its prevalence is between 1 and 12 % depending on the country. In Cameroon, about 5.7 % of the population suffers from asthma. The objective of our work was to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of Cissus quadrangularis in asthma induced by ovalbumin in mice. For this purpose, thirty (30) female mice subdivided into 6 groups of 5 mice each were distributed. All animals (except normal control) were subjected to disease induction for 16 days. The animals were injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 7 with 20 μg of ovalbumin mixed with 1 mg of aluminum hydroxide (as adjuvant) in a total volume of 200 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PH=7.4). Days 14, 15, and 16 after the initial injection with ovalbumin, mice were re-exposed by intranasal instillation with 20 μg ovalbumin in 20 μl phosphate saline once daily. The extract as well as dexametasone were administered daily to the mice for 17 days orally at doses of 75, 150, 300 and 1 mg/kg respectively to the test batches and to the positive control 1 h before the initial sensitization. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last instillation. Blood, liver, lungs, and pulmonary fluid were collected. Dosages of IgE, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), and counting of cells in the pulmonary fluid were carried out. Our results showed that the pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the level of total IgE, there is also a significant inhibition (P < 0.001) of the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lungs and a significant decrease (P < 0.001) the level of inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, the administration of the extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the level of MDA correlated with a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the level of SOD, CAT and GHS compared to the control negative. Furthermore, the histological analyzes of the lungs showed that the pretreatment with the extract leads to an improvement in the histopathological changes; these results suggest that the aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis improves inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice.
{"title":"Antiinflammatory effect of Cissus quadragularis in asthma induced by ovalbumin in mice","authors":"Gisèle Atsang à kiki, Ousmaila Hamadou, Ernest Nogma Sombié, Finsia Egre, Paul desire Dzeufiet Djomeni, Takvou Francis","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12302","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a disease characterized by difficulty breathing. According to the WHO, asthma affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. In Africa, its prevalence is between 1 and 12 % depending on the country. In Cameroon, about 5.7 % of the population suffers from asthma. The objective of our work was to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of Cissus quadrangularis in asthma induced by ovalbumin in mice. For this purpose, thirty (30) female mice subdivided into 6 groups of 5 mice each were distributed. All animals (except normal control) were subjected to disease induction for 16 days. The animals were injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 7 with 20 μg of ovalbumin mixed with 1 mg of aluminum hydroxide (as adjuvant) in a total volume of 200 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PH=7.4). Days 14, 15, and 16 after the initial injection with ovalbumin, mice were re-exposed by intranasal instillation with 20 μg ovalbumin in 20 μl phosphate saline once daily. The extract as well as dexametasone were administered daily to the mice for 17 days orally at doses of 75, 150, 300 and 1 mg/kg respectively to the test batches and to the positive control 1 h before the initial sensitization. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last instillation. Blood, liver, lungs, and pulmonary fluid were collected. Dosages of IgE, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), and counting of cells in the pulmonary fluid were carried out. Our results showed that the pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the level of total IgE, there is also a significant inhibition (P < 0.001) of the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lungs and a significant decrease (P < 0.001) the level of inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, the administration of the extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the level of MDA correlated with a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the level of SOD, CAT and GHS compared to the control negative. Furthermore, the histological analyzes of the lungs showed that the pretreatment with the extract leads to an improvement in the histopathological changes; these results suggest that the aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis improves inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12103
F. Onyegbule, N.E. Egba, C. Abba, S. Bruce, B. O. Umeokoli, O. O. Anyanwu
Anthocleista djalonensis has many ethnomedicinal claims, one of which is the treatment of infections. The study evaluated the phytochemical, physicochemical profile and antimicrobial properties of the vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) sub-fractions of A. Djalonensis leaves. The plant was collected from Umuoji, Idemili North, Anambra State. The plant leaves were identified, authenticated and the herbarium specimen was deposited, with herbarium number PCG/474/A/057. The leaves were dried, pulverized and extracted using cold maceration with methanol, and fractionated successively into n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. To obtain the ethyl acetate fraction, it was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The phytochemical and physicochemical analyses were carried out, using standard protocols. The VLC sub-fractions were subjected to HPLC-DAD analysis. The antimicrobial assay of the VLC sub-fractions was carried out using the agar well diffusion assay. The antimicrobial activity of the VLC sub-fractions was tested against three standard clinical bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and one fungal isolate (Candida albican). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates and steroids. The physicochemical evaluation showed that the plant contains a total ash value of 4.55 % w/w, acid insoluble ash value of 6.80 % w/w, water-soluble ash value of 2.65 %w/w, moisture content of 7.90 %w/w and water-soluble extractive value of 1.02 %w/w. The HPLC-DAD analysis of the VLC sub-fractions suggested the presence of isovitexin, septicine, vanillin, 3-methyl-2, 3, 4- pentanetriol, indo-3- carboxylic acid, Cerebroside and bromohexylamide. The VLC sub-fractions had activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa only, and there was no zone of inhibition for the fungi. The VLC sub-fractions have very little antimicrobial activity, showing antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa only, with no antifungal activity against Candida albican.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of the sub-fractions of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol leaf extract of Anthocleista djalonensis","authors":"F. Onyegbule, N.E. Egba, C. Abba, S. Bruce, B. O. Umeokoli, O. O. Anyanwu","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12103","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocleista djalonensis has many ethnomedicinal claims, one of which is the treatment of infections. The study evaluated the phytochemical, physicochemical profile and antimicrobial properties of the vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) sub-fractions of A. Djalonensis leaves. The plant was collected from Umuoji, Idemili North, Anambra State. The plant leaves were identified, authenticated and the herbarium specimen was deposited, with herbarium number PCG/474/A/057. The leaves were dried, pulverized and extracted using cold maceration with methanol, and fractionated successively into n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. To obtain the ethyl acetate fraction, it was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The phytochemical and physicochemical analyses were carried out, using standard protocols. The VLC sub-fractions were subjected to HPLC-DAD analysis. The antimicrobial assay of the VLC sub-fractions was carried out using the agar well diffusion assay. The antimicrobial activity of the VLC sub-fractions was tested against three standard clinical bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and one fungal isolate (Candida albican). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates and steroids. The physicochemical evaluation showed that the plant contains a total ash value of 4.55 % w/w, acid insoluble ash value of 6.80 % w/w, water-soluble ash value of 2.65 %w/w, moisture content of 7.90 %w/w and water-soluble extractive value of 1.02 %w/w. The HPLC-DAD analysis of the VLC sub-fractions suggested the presence of isovitexin, septicine, vanillin, 3-methyl-2, 3, 4- pentanetriol, indo-3- carboxylic acid, Cerebroside and bromohexylamide. The VLC sub-fractions had activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa only, and there was no zone of inhibition for the fungi. The VLC sub-fractions have very little antimicrobial activity, showing antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa only, with no antifungal activity against Candida albican.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76915574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12102
Asmaa A. Alamin, S. Adil, Esraa Faiz, A. Hussein, Amna Alhussine, Alsadig Salih, Magdoleen. S.H. Mohamed, Alwaleed M.A. Alawd, Sondos Adil, Abdelmonem A.A Hussein
Background: The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), which unfortunately has high mortality in Sudan whereas most of the patients are diagnosed at late stages of this disease sequence either due to a lack of awareness or unavailability of screening programs. objective: to asses of the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer detection among Sudanese women 2022 - 2023. Material and Methods: a community representative descriptive cross-sectional study of women aged 17 to 70 years in different Sudanese provinces was included using a semi-structural interview questionnaire. Results: out of 200 participants, the mean age was 39.8 (±12.13) years and the majority of them were aged between 41 and 50 years 54 (27%). 120 (60%) had no prior experience with breast cancer at all and 73 (36.5%) had never heard of breast self-examination for BC. The study resulted that the dominant of interviewed women 181 (90.5%) had a good awareness of breast cancer, and 161 (80.5%) believed that breast screening must require for the early detection of breast tumors. Breast changes, discharge, and lump pain were the most common prevalent reasons for breast screening in this study 95 (38.7%), 46 (18.7%), and 45 (18.3). It was clear that education level has a significant effect on the level of knowledge of breast cancer and its diagnostic screening tools among participants, with graduated women having adequate knowledge in comparison to those not graduated women 92 (50.5%) and 89 (49.2%) (p-value = 0.004 < 0.05). As well, the central resident participants had good knowledge about breast cancer 112 (70 %) in comparison with other residents. Conclusion: awareness and knowledge of BC detection increase with increasing educational levels and central urban living, there is an urgent need for intensive breast cancer awareness programs and the availability of screening centers authorities in Sudanese periphery areas.
{"title":"Knowledge and Awareness of Sudanese Women toward Breast Cancer Detection","authors":"Asmaa A. Alamin, S. Adil, Esraa Faiz, A. Hussein, Amna Alhussine, Alsadig Salih, Magdoleen. S.H. Mohamed, Alwaleed M.A. Alawd, Sondos Adil, Abdelmonem A.A Hussein","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), which unfortunately has high mortality in Sudan whereas most of the patients are diagnosed at late stages of this disease sequence either due to a lack of awareness or unavailability of screening programs. objective: to asses of the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer detection among Sudanese women 2022 - 2023. Material and Methods: a community representative descriptive cross-sectional study of women aged 17 to 70 years in different Sudanese provinces was included using a semi-structural interview questionnaire. Results: out of 200 participants, the mean age was 39.8 (±12.13) years and the majority of them were aged between 41 and 50 years 54 (27%). 120 (60%) had no prior experience with breast cancer at all and 73 (36.5%) had never heard of breast self-examination for BC. The study resulted that the dominant of interviewed women 181 (90.5%) had a good awareness of breast cancer, and 161 (80.5%) believed that breast screening must require for the early detection of breast tumors. Breast changes, discharge, and lump pain were the most common prevalent reasons for breast screening in this study 95 (38.7%), 46 (18.7%), and 45 (18.3). It was clear that education level has a significant effect on the level of knowledge of breast cancer and its diagnostic screening tools among participants, with graduated women having adequate knowledge in comparison to those not graduated women 92 (50.5%) and 89 (49.2%) (p-value = 0.004 < 0.05). As well, the central resident participants had good knowledge about breast cancer 112 (70 %) in comparison with other residents. Conclusion: awareness and knowledge of BC detection increase with increasing educational levels and central urban living, there is an urgent need for intensive breast cancer awareness programs and the availability of screening centers authorities in Sudanese periphery areas.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87864994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12101
Kipkoech Gilbert, Musembi Susan, Masese Johnson, Mburu N David, J. Mercy, Kuria James, M. Peter, M. Charles
The contamination of foods by various mycotoxins has been reported as a major public health concern across the world. The most predominant type of fungal toxins are aflatoxins which are synthesized by certain fungi that contaminate agricultural crops or produce. The main aflatoxin producing fungi are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which contaminate food crops in the farm and after harvesting. Out of all the types of aflatoxins, the most potent type is aflatoxin B1. The mechanism of toxicity and health effects of aflatoxins have been studied widely and it has been shown that aflatoxin B1 leads to liver necrosis, inflammation and liver cancer. The use of natural products as a remedy to health consequences of aflatoxins in humans and animals is gaining popularity. Owing to its anti-inflammatory effects, Spirulina plantesis has been studied for its immunomodulatory effects. This study evaluated the effects of spirulina extract on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immune dysfunction and inflammation. Male BALB/c mice weighing 28-34g were randomly placed into 6 groups and orally treated as follows: Group 1 was not treated but received food and water for entire experimental period. Group 2 received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 3 received 1g/kg b.w of activated charcoal and an hour later 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 4, 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg b.w of Spirulina plantesis respectively then an hour later each group received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Treatments were done on a daily basis for 14 days. At the last day of the experiment, all the mice were denied food and water for 12 hours, thereafter sacrificed and samples processed for immunological studies. The results indicated that body weight significantly increased when treated with 100mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 and 150mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 groups in compared to AFB1 treated group (p < 0.05). AFB1 was shown to increase serum level of IFN- γ and IL 2 and decrease levels of IL 4. Treatment with spirulina extract had no significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-2 (p > 0.05) in comparison with aflatoxin B1 treated group, the serum levels of IFN- γ and IL-2 reduced significantly (p<0.05). Treatment with spirulina extract at different doses had no significant effect on serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of IL-4 was downregulated while that of TNFα, and IFNγ were upregulated. The results showed that increasing mRNA expressions of TNFα, and IFNγ as a result of AFB1was prevented (p≤0.01) by administration of spirulina extract. These findings suggests that spirulina extract could be used as a remedy to AFB1 induced immune dysfunction and inflammation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Effects of Spirulina Extracts on Immunologic Dysfunction and Inflammation Associated with Aflatoxin B1 Induced Toxicity in Mice","authors":"Kipkoech Gilbert, Musembi Susan, Masese Johnson, Mburu N David, J. Mercy, Kuria James, M. Peter, M. Charles","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2023.12101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2023.12101","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of foods by various mycotoxins has been reported as a major public health concern across the world. The most predominant type of fungal toxins are aflatoxins which are synthesized by certain fungi that contaminate agricultural crops or produce. The main aflatoxin producing fungi are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which contaminate food crops in the farm and after harvesting. Out of all the types of aflatoxins, the most potent type is aflatoxin B1. The mechanism of toxicity and health effects of aflatoxins have been studied widely and it has been shown that aflatoxin B1 leads to liver necrosis, inflammation and liver cancer. The use of natural products as a remedy to health consequences of aflatoxins in humans and animals is gaining popularity. Owing to its anti-inflammatory effects, Spirulina plantesis has been studied for its immunomodulatory effects. This study evaluated the effects of spirulina extract on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immune dysfunction and inflammation. Male BALB/c mice weighing 28-34g were randomly placed into 6 groups and orally treated as follows: Group 1 was not treated but received food and water for entire experimental period. Group 2 received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 3 received 1g/kg b.w of activated charcoal and an hour later 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 4, 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg b.w of Spirulina plantesis respectively then an hour later each group received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Treatments were done on a daily basis for 14 days. At the last day of the experiment, all the mice were denied food and water for 12 hours, thereafter sacrificed and samples processed for immunological studies. The results indicated that body weight significantly increased when treated with 100mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 and 150mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 groups in compared to AFB1 treated group (p < 0.05). AFB1 was shown to increase serum level of IFN- γ and IL 2 and decrease levels of IL 4. Treatment with spirulina extract had no significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-2 (p > 0.05) in comparison with aflatoxin B1 treated group, the serum levels of IFN- γ and IL-2 reduced significantly (p<0.05). Treatment with spirulina extract at different doses had no significant effect on serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of IL-4 was downregulated while that of TNFα, and IFNγ were upregulated. The results showed that increasing mRNA expressions of TNFα, and IFNγ as a result of AFB1was prevented (p≤0.01) by administration of spirulina extract. These findings suggests that spirulina extract could be used as a remedy to AFB1 induced immune dysfunction and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74917378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2022.11402
Keerthi Somashekar, A. Biswas, Ramya Rv, Sangamitra Patnaik
In Ayurveda disorders of skin have been dealt under the heading Kushta which is having subtypes based on severity and Doshas involved. Skin being largest organ in human body there is many concerns for cosmetic purpose along with systemic involvement in disease prognosis. This is a case of Kitibha Kushta which is a variety of Kshudra Kushta involving the vitiation of Tridoshas which can be compared to chronic plaque psoriasis in modern science depending on its signs and symptomatology. This case was treated with Sadyo Vamana, Virechana and Shamana Aushadhis in SAMCH department of Panchakarma Bengaluru. Patient has found satisfactory improvements after the following therapies. The lesions have completely disappeared leaving behind only discolouration of skin. This proves us by repeated Shodhana and combination of Shamana Aushadhi gives better result.
{"title":"Management of Kitibha Kushta w.s.r Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A case report","authors":"Keerthi Somashekar, A. Biswas, Ramya Rv, Sangamitra Patnaik","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11402","url":null,"abstract":"In Ayurveda disorders of skin have been dealt under the heading Kushta which is having subtypes based on severity and Doshas involved. Skin being largest organ in human body there is many concerns for cosmetic purpose along with systemic involvement in disease prognosis. This is a case of Kitibha Kushta which is a variety of Kshudra Kushta involving the vitiation of Tridoshas which can be compared to chronic plaque psoriasis in modern science depending on its signs and symptomatology. This case was treated with Sadyo Vamana, Virechana and Shamana Aushadhis in SAMCH department of Panchakarma Bengaluru. Patient has found satisfactory improvements after the following therapies. The lesions have completely disappeared leaving behind only discolouration of skin. This proves us by repeated Shodhana and combination of Shamana Aushadhi gives better result.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83944605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2022.11407
T.Uday Nagendra
Varicose veins are a severe clinical manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency [1] , prolonged standing / sitting causes blood to pool in veins of Lower limbs, there by increases the pressure in veins, then veins stretch from Increased pressure, these may weaken the walls of veins and damage the valves. CVI associated with Impaired blood flow leads to tissue congestion oedema and eventually impairement of tissue nutrition. In advanced venous insufficiency Impaired tissue nutrition can causes statis dermatits and development of varicose ulcer. If varicose ulcer is not treated properly, then it gets Infected leads to cellulitis and gangrene, may require amputation of part of limb. The present article deals with brief introduction regarding aetiopathogenesis of varicose veins and its sequelae related symptoms. The aim of writing article is to express the significance of elevation of foot in varicose veins and its sequelae.
{"title":"Significance of elevation of foot in management of varicose veins and its sequelae","authors":"T.Uday Nagendra","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11407","url":null,"abstract":"Varicose veins are a severe clinical manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency [1] , prolonged standing / sitting causes blood to pool in veins of Lower limbs, there by increases the pressure in veins, then veins stretch from Increased pressure, these may weaken the walls of veins and damage the valves. CVI associated with Impaired blood flow leads to tissue congestion oedema and eventually impairement of tissue nutrition. In advanced venous insufficiency Impaired tissue nutrition can causes statis dermatits and development of varicose ulcer. If varicose ulcer is not treated properly, then it gets Infected leads to cellulitis and gangrene, may require amputation of part of limb. The present article deals with brief introduction regarding aetiopathogenesis of varicose veins and its sequelae related symptoms. The aim of writing article is to express the significance of elevation of foot in varicose veins and its sequelae.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73792900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2022.11404
Eyerusalem Mohammed, J. Mohammed, Sasaw Lewut, Shimelis Gizachew
For sustainable crop production, the use of right fertilizer type at right amount based on crop need has a substantial significance. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to identify the best fertilizers formulae and rate for production of maize at Silte Zone Sankura Woreda. Nine different fertilizer types and rates were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Treatments were fixed based on limiting nutrients (NPSB) of the area identified by Ethiosis. The treatments are; Control (no fertilizer), 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha, 2 00 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha, 250 kg NPSB+102 kg urea-top dress/ha ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing, 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha+ Cu foliar application, 200 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha + Cu (FA) ,250 kg NPSB+102 kg ureatop dress/ha) + Cu (FA) ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu (FA). Statistically significant effects (P<0.05) were observed on yield parameters studied due to applied fertilizers while growth parameters were not significantly affected. The highest grain yield (6689 kg/ha) was obtained from treatment application of 100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu. The economic analysis also revealed that application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu resulted with the highest net return of 43344.5 Eth-birr ha-1 with MRR having lowest total cost compared to others. Therefore, based on yield response and economic analysis application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu is recommended for Sankura Woreda.
对作物的可持续生产来说，根据作物的需要选用合适的肥料种类和用量具有重要意义。通过连续两年(2018年和2019年)的田间试验，确定了粉砂带Sankura Woreda玉米生产的最佳肥料配方和用量。采用随机完全区设计(RCBD)设置9种不同施肥类型和施肥量，重复3次。根据Ethiosis鉴定的区域的限制营养(NPSB)确定处理。治疗方法是;对照(不施肥)，150公斤NPSB+41公斤尿素追肥/公顷，200公斤NPSB+72公斤尿素追肥/公顷，250公斤NPSB+102公斤尿素追肥/公顷，100公斤NPSB+ 260公斤尿素追肥/公顷，150公斤NPSB+41公斤尿素追肥/公顷+ Cu叶面施用，200公斤NPSB+72公斤尿素追肥/公顷+ Cu (FA)，250公斤NPSB+102公斤尿素追肥/公顷)+ Cu (FA)，100公斤NPSB+ 260公斤尿素追肥+ Cu (FA)。施肥量对产量参数有显著影响(P<0.05)，对生长参数无显著影响。氮磷酰胺100 kg +尿素追肥260 kg + Cu处理籽粒产量最高(6689 kg/ hm2)。经济分析还显示，施用100kg NPSB+260kg尿素追肥+ Cu的净收益最高，为43344.5 ebirr ha-1, MRR的总成本最低。因此，根据产量响应和经济分析，三仓草田推荐施用100kg氮肥+260kg尿素追肥+ Cu。
{"title":"Evaluation of blended fertilizer rate for better production of maize at Siltie Zone Sankura Woreda","authors":"Eyerusalem Mohammed, J. Mohammed, Sasaw Lewut, Shimelis Gizachew","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2022.11404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11404","url":null,"abstract":"For sustainable crop production, the use of right fertilizer type at right amount based on crop need has a substantial significance. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to identify the best fertilizers formulae and rate for production of maize at Silte Zone Sankura Woreda. Nine different fertilizer types and rates were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Treatments were fixed based on limiting nutrients (NPSB) of the area identified by Ethiosis. The treatments are; Control (no fertilizer), 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha, 2 00 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha, 250 kg NPSB+102 kg urea-top dress/ha ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing, 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha+ Cu foliar application, 200 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha + Cu (FA) ,250 kg NPSB+102 kg ureatop dress/ha) + Cu (FA) ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu (FA). Statistically significant effects (P<0.05) were observed on yield parameters studied due to applied fertilizers while growth parameters were not significantly affected. The highest grain yield (6689 kg/ha) was obtained from treatment application of 100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu. The economic analysis also revealed that application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu resulted with the highest net return of 43344.5 Eth-birr ha-1 with MRR having lowest total cost compared to others. Therefore, based on yield response and economic analysis application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu is recommended for Sankura Woreda.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78992038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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