This review paper designed to identify determinants that affect farmer’s decision to adopt and utilization of improved forage technology in Ethiopia. The purpose of forage production in Ethiopia was mainly for animal feed. Forages offer a sustainable basis of protein which improves the output of diverse classes of animals such as lactating cows, fattening cattle, pregnant cows and calves. As well as using for feedstuff, better-quality fodder species were used for soil and water preservation, improving bared lands, raises soil nitrogen available for nutrition crops because of their capability to fix nitrogen and green manuring, erosion control, live fencing, as a wind breakdown, and sources of nectar and pollen for honeybees. Besides, multi-purpose browse trees and shrubs increases fuel wood resources available to farming households, declining the requirement to use dung as fuel and increasing the availability of dung for use as fertilizer. Even though improved forages have many roles in the livelihood and environmental management, level of acceptance and consumption of better-quality forage technology is very low. The main factors that affect for acceptance of improved forage by farmers in Ethiopia include land shortage, shortage of input/forage seed and planting materials, shortage of capital, lack of awareness, poor extension services, free grazing and poor coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, incorporation of improved forage with crops, and with soil and water conservation structure, rise availability of forage seed for the farmer and creating awareness were the best ways for increasing and extensive accepting of forage technologies. Moreover, it is likely to speed up the level improved forage adoption by provided that farmers with training sessions and recurrent extension advises to encourage them to adopt forage production and pass on their information to other farmers. Hence, research centers, development agents and other concerned stakeholders should provide on farm extension training to fill knowledge and skill gaps in the adoption of improved forages.
{"title":"Review on determinants for adoption of improved forages in Ethiopia","authors":"Lidetu Gebreselassie","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8404","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper designed to identify determinants that affect farmer’s decision to adopt and utilization of improved forage technology in Ethiopia. The purpose of forage production in Ethiopia was mainly for animal feed. Forages offer a sustainable basis of protein which improves the output of diverse classes of animals such as lactating cows, fattening cattle, pregnant cows and calves. As well as using for feedstuff, better-quality fodder species were used for soil and water preservation, improving bared lands, raises soil nitrogen available for nutrition crops because of their capability to fix nitrogen and green manuring, erosion control, live fencing, as a wind breakdown, and sources of nectar and pollen for honeybees. Besides, multi-purpose browse trees and shrubs increases fuel wood resources available to farming households, declining the requirement to use dung as fuel and increasing the availability of dung for use as fertilizer. Even though improved forages have many roles in the livelihood and environmental management, level of acceptance and consumption of better-quality forage technology is very low. The main factors that affect for acceptance of improved forage by farmers in Ethiopia include land shortage, shortage of input/forage seed and planting materials, shortage of capital, lack of awareness, poor extension services, free grazing and poor coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, incorporation of improved forage with crops, and with soil and water conservation structure, rise availability of forage seed for the farmer and creating awareness were the best ways for increasing and extensive accepting of forage technologies. Moreover, it is likely to speed up the level improved forage adoption by provided that farmers with training sessions and recurrent extension advises to encourage them to adopt forage production and pass on their information to other farmers. Hence, research centers, development agents and other concerned stakeholders should provide on farm extension training to fill knowledge and skill gaps in the adoption of improved forages.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84274607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lepa is considered as an important and initial chikitsa in reference with Vranashotha chikitsa described by Acharya Sushruta [1] and when the lepa is applied around the eyes it is termed as Vidalaka. It is indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of eyes such as daha (burning sensation), updeha (discharge), ashru (watering) shopha (swelling) and raga (redness) [2]. Vidalaka is a topical therapy, applied to the outer surface of the eyelids leaving the eyelashes [3], used in many eye diseases like Anjananamika (Hordeolum) and Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis). Yashtayadi lepa is one of such compounds for Vidalaka Karma mentioned by Acharya Sharangadhara in Sharangadhara Samhita and described as Sarvanetrarujahara Yoga. It consists of Yastimadhu, Gairika, Saindhav, Daruharidra and Rasanjana as its main ingredients. Rasanjana and Daruharidra are the major drugs that help in alleviating the acute conditions of eyes [4]. The combined effect of this lepa has Netrarujanashaka (analgesic), Netrakandunashak (anti-pruritic), Vrananashaka (anti-bacterial), Vedanasthapaka (soothing) and Shophanashaka (anti-inflammatory) properties and are predominantly works on vitiated pitta and rakta. With this background the present study was undertaken to analyze Yashtayadi lepa in one of the ocular diseases and presence of its components as recommended in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) through pharmacognostical study and physicochemical analysis.
{"title":"Analytical Study of Yashtayadi Lepa in Vidalaka Karma","authors":"R. Negi, G. Sharmaa","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8402","url":null,"abstract":"Lepa is considered as an important and initial chikitsa in reference with Vranashotha chikitsa described by Acharya Sushruta [1] and when the lepa is applied around the eyes it is termed as Vidalaka. It is indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of eyes such as daha (burning sensation), updeha (discharge), ashru (watering) shopha (swelling) and raga (redness) [2]. Vidalaka is a topical therapy, applied to the outer surface of the eyelids leaving the eyelashes [3], used in many eye diseases like Anjananamika (Hordeolum) and Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis). Yashtayadi lepa is one of such compounds for Vidalaka Karma mentioned by Acharya Sharangadhara in Sharangadhara Samhita and described as Sarvanetrarujahara Yoga. It consists of Yastimadhu, Gairika, Saindhav, Daruharidra and Rasanjana as its main ingredients. Rasanjana and Daruharidra are the major drugs that help in alleviating the acute conditions of eyes [4]. The combined effect of this lepa has Netrarujanashaka (analgesic), Netrakandunashak (anti-pruritic), Vrananashaka (anti-bacterial), Vedanasthapaka (soothing) and Shophanashaka (anti-inflammatory) properties and are predominantly works on vitiated pitta and rakta. With this background the present study was undertaken to analyze Yashtayadi lepa in one of the ocular diseases and presence of its components as recommended in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) through pharmacognostical study and physicochemical analysis.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84981221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper was aimed to compile dairy cattle production system, main constraints and existing opportunities in Ethiopia. Based on their location the main milk production systems are namely as rural milk production, peri-urban and urban milk productions. Ethiopia has potential for dairy cattle production mainly to the reason of suitable environment and high cattle number that contains 59.5 million cattle populations. Even though Ethiopia has large dairy cattle population and favorable climatic conditions, self-sufficiency in milk production is low. The main constraints that affect milk production capacity of dairy cattle in Ethiopia includes feed shortage in terms of quality and quantity, high feed cost, land shortage and space limitation for farming of improved forage, insufficient veterinary services, diseases, water shortage, lack of market information, absence of improved breed in most parts of the country, poor artificial insemination service, lack of milk processing facilities, poor milk production potentials of local dairy cows, poor management of animals, adulteration, waste disposal, lack of market-oriented production. So, to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is very important to introduce improved forage, increase AI utilization efficiency, and improve the current condition of veterinary services. The finding of different authors conducted in different parts of the country indicated that the existence of large population of milk cows and diverse dairy animal’s genetic resources, fast growing population, change in living standard and income growth of people, rabid urbanization, growing demand and indigenous knowledge in the preservation of milk and milk products, availability of trained manpower, existence of research institutions and technologies, existence of service providers such as veterinary health and artificial insemination centers, development of infrastructural sector like road access, water supply, communication activities were the key opportunities to dairy production. Generally, the review highlighted that even dairy sector constrained by many factors there are still ample opportunities for dairying. Therefore, coordinated activities must be done by respective bodies to minimize the identified constraints which hinder dairy development.
{"title":"Review on Dairy Production System, Constraints and Opportunities in Ethiopia","authors":"Lidetu Gebreselassie","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8403","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper was aimed to compile dairy cattle production system, main constraints and existing opportunities in Ethiopia. Based on their location the main milk production systems are namely as rural milk production, peri-urban and urban milk productions. Ethiopia has potential for dairy cattle production mainly to the reason of suitable environment and high cattle number that contains 59.5 million cattle populations. Even though Ethiopia has large dairy cattle population and favorable climatic conditions, self-sufficiency in milk production is low. The main constraints that affect milk production capacity of dairy cattle in Ethiopia includes feed shortage in terms of quality and quantity, high feed cost, land shortage and space limitation for farming of improved forage, insufficient veterinary services, diseases, water shortage, lack of market information, absence of improved breed in most parts of the country, poor artificial insemination service, lack of milk processing facilities, poor milk production potentials of local dairy cows, poor management of animals, adulteration, waste disposal, lack of market-oriented production. So, to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is very important to introduce improved forage, increase AI utilization efficiency, and improve the current condition of veterinary services. The finding of different authors conducted in different parts of the country indicated that the existence of large population of milk cows and diverse dairy animal’s genetic resources, fast growing population, change in living standard and income growth of people, rabid urbanization, growing demand and indigenous knowledge in the preservation of milk and milk products, availability of trained manpower, existence of research institutions and technologies, existence of service providers such as veterinary health and artificial insemination centers, development of infrastructural sector like road access, water supply, communication activities were the key opportunities to dairy production. Generally, the review highlighted that even dairy sector constrained by many factors there are still ample opportunities for dairying. Therefore, coordinated activities must be done by respective bodies to minimize the identified constraints which hinder dairy development.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Treatment non-adherence leads to continuing tuberculosis (TB) transmission, development of drug resistance, resulting in serious risks for patient and for community. Objective: To assess determinant factors of TB defaulting among TB patients in Hosanna town health facility, South Ethiopia. Method: an unmatched case control study was conducted from January 1, 2010 to December 30, 2012. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine final predictors of defaulting variable at P-value < 0.05 and 95% CI. Result: A total of 128 respondents were included. Among those, 64 of them were controls and 64 were cases. Patients who live in private house and in relative house were 4.12 [AOR (95%CI) = 4.12 (1.1, 15, 4)] and 42.7 [AOR (95%CI) = 42.7(8.5, 213)], times more likely to default as compared to patients who live in their own house respectively ,patients who haven’t experience of stigma were found to decrease odds of defaulting [AOR (95%CI) = 0.1(0.03, 0.44)] and patients who have no awareness of TB treatment period were 22 times more likely to default [AOR (95%CI) = 22.6 (4.3, 118)]. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge about TB treatment period, housing status, and experience of stigmatization were found to be statistically significant with defaulting TB drug.
{"title":"Determinants of Defaulting Tuberculosis Treatment in Hosanna town health facility, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia","authors":"B. B. Billoro, M. H. Nunemo","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8401","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment non-adherence leads to continuing tuberculosis (TB) transmission, development of drug resistance, resulting in serious risks for patient and for community. Objective: To assess determinant factors of TB defaulting among TB patients in Hosanna town health facility, South Ethiopia. Method: an unmatched case control study was conducted from January 1, 2010 to December 30, 2012. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine final predictors of defaulting variable at P-value < 0.05 and 95% CI. Result: A total of 128 respondents were included. Among those, 64 of them were controls and 64 were cases. Patients who live in private house and in relative house were 4.12 [AOR (95%CI) = 4.12 (1.1, 15, 4)] and 42.7 [AOR (95%CI) = 42.7(8.5, 213)], times more likely to default as compared to patients who live in their own house respectively ,patients who haven’t experience of stigma were found to decrease odds of defaulting [AOR (95%CI) = 0.1(0.03, 0.44)] and patients who have no awareness of TB treatment period were 22 times more likely to default [AOR (95%CI) = 22.6 (4.3, 118)]. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge about TB treatment period, housing status, and experience of stigmatization were found to be statistically significant with defaulting TB drug.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"13 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77798647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nirmala, J. Leena, Rcj Reena, B. Keerthana, Sheeba Shalini R, Jenifer Gracy M, Anbu Selvi J, Lydia Jeeva Jothi D, Vanidevi D
Organ donation is the process of donating organs or biological tissue to a living recipient, who is in need of a transplant. Young adults, the future of the community need to be aware of organ donation. The Objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among young adults. Methodology: A Quasi experimental, one group pre test post test design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 225 young adults in selected college, Coimbatore. The data was collected using structured knowledge and attitude questionnaire regarding organ donation. Results: The effectiveness of STP was determined by comparing the pre test and post test scores. The ‘t’ test showed a significant difference between the pretest knowledge score (8.47±2.65) and post test knowledge score (9.89±3.54) with ‘t’ value of 4.4170 significant at p<0.001. 98.22% had favorable attitude in the Pre test Scores. The Structured Teaching Programme was effective in increasing the knowledge on organ donation among young adults in selected college.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Organ Donation among Young Adults in Selected College, Coimbatore","authors":"M. Nirmala, J. Leena, Rcj Reena, B. Keerthana, Sheeba Shalini R, Jenifer Gracy M, Anbu Selvi J, Lydia Jeeva Jothi D, Vanidevi D","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8305","url":null,"abstract":"Organ donation is the process of donating organs or biological tissue to a living recipient, who is in need of a transplant. Young adults, the future of the community need to be aware of organ donation. The Objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among young adults. Methodology: A Quasi experimental, one group pre test post test design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 225 young adults in selected college, Coimbatore. The data was collected using structured knowledge and attitude questionnaire regarding organ donation. Results: The effectiveness of STP was determined by comparing the pre test and post test scores. The ‘t’ test showed a significant difference between the pretest knowledge score (8.47±2.65) and post test knowledge score (9.89±3.54) with ‘t’ value of 4.4170 significant at p<0.001. 98.22% had favorable attitude in the Pre test Scores. The Structured Teaching Programme was effective in increasing the knowledge on organ donation among young adults in selected college.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76447442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Atindehou, Rodrigue Hounguè, J. Adovèlandé, A. Sanni, L. Lagnika
Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt (Zingiberaceae), a wild ginger used in traditional medicine in Benin, is investigated for the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Biological activities of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts are assessed against six bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and three fungi strains (Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus parasiticus). Minimal inhibitory concentration is determined by microdilution tests using iodonitrotetrazolium salt as bacterial growth indicator. Inhibition of sporulation and mycelia growth are performed using agar diffusion. Siphonochilus aethiopicus is screened for phytochemical constituents. Ethyl acetate extract of the dry rhizome of S. aethiopicus showed antibacterial activities against three strains: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 mg/mL. Both extracts are effective on mycelia growth of the three fungi strains with an inhibitory percentage between 40.95±1.65 and 63.50±1.26. The same result is observed for sporulation range from 42.17±0.00 to 61.46±0.006. The phytochemicals alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids are, found in both extracts, and could be responsible of biological activities.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Siphonochilus aethiopicus Extracts from Benin","authors":"M. Atindehou, Rodrigue Hounguè, J. Adovèlandé, A. Sanni, L. Lagnika","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8301","url":null,"abstract":"Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt (Zingiberaceae), a wild ginger used in traditional medicine in Benin, is investigated for the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Biological activities of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts are assessed against six bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and three fungi strains (Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus parasiticus). Minimal inhibitory concentration is determined by microdilution tests using iodonitrotetrazolium salt as bacterial growth indicator. Inhibition of sporulation and mycelia growth are performed using agar diffusion. Siphonochilus aethiopicus is screened for phytochemical constituents. Ethyl acetate extract of the dry rhizome of S. aethiopicus showed antibacterial activities against three strains: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 mg/mL. Both extracts are effective on mycelia growth of the three fungi strains with an inhibitory percentage between 40.95±1.65 and 63.50±1.26. The same result is observed for sporulation range from 42.17±0.00 to 61.46±0.006. The phytochemicals alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids are, found in both extracts, and could be responsible of biological activities.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84528241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nandakumar, A. Bn, Ravindra Angadi, RR Geethesh, V. Mohan
Background: One of the major concerns about Epilepsy is the psychological and cognitive effects of commonly used Anti-epileptic drugs. In the treatment aspects related to psychological or psychosomatic diseases, Ayurvedic drug has stood the test of time as they don’t produce any undesirable side effects. Kalyanaka Ghrita is widely used to treat the conditions like Unmada, Apasmara etc. Along with the reference of Kalyanaka Ghrita, Acharya Chakrapanidatta has explained Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita. They only differ in the ratio of water added as well as the addition of four parts of Ksheera in case of Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-epileptic activity of Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita by Pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) Induced Generalised Seizure method in Swiss Albino Mice. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita by PTZ Induced Generalised Seizure Method. Methodology: Group specific drugs were administered for 21 consecutive days by oral route. Diazepam was taken as reference standard drug. On 22nd day, a single dose of Pentylenetetrazole 80mg/ kg body weight was injected intra peritoneal to all the groups. The effect of different formulations on Pentylenetetrazole induced generalised convulsions were noted down. The results were expressed as Mean ± SEM. The data was analysed by one way Anova followed by Dunnet’s multiple ‘t’ test as post HOC using Graph pad Inst 3. Results: There was an increase in the duration of latency of onset of seizures in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita group. There was a decrease in the occurrence of number of myoclonic convulsions in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka group. There was an increase in the number of clonic convulsions in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita. There was an increase in the number of straub tail occurrence in Kalyanaka ghrta group and a decrease in the number of straub tail occurrence in Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrta group. The latency of occurrence of death was reduced in Kalyanaka ghrta and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita group. There was a decrease in the number of recurrent clonic jerks in Kalyanaka ghrta group and an increase in the number of recurrent clonic jerks in Ksheera Kalyanaka ghrta group. Conclusion: Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita showed statistically non-significant improvement in the management of symptoms of PTZ Induced Generalised Seizure.
{"title":"A comparative experimental study to evaluate the anti-epileptic activity of Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheera Kalyanaka Ghrita by PTZ induced generalised seizure method","authors":"A. Nandakumar, A. Bn, Ravindra Angadi, RR Geethesh, V. Mohan","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the major concerns about Epilepsy is the psychological and cognitive effects of commonly used Anti-epileptic drugs. In the treatment aspects related to psychological or psychosomatic diseases, Ayurvedic drug has stood the test of time as they don’t produce any undesirable side effects. Kalyanaka Ghrita is widely used to treat the conditions like Unmada, Apasmara etc. Along with the reference of Kalyanaka Ghrita, Acharya Chakrapanidatta has explained Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita. They only differ in the ratio of water added as well as the addition of four parts of Ksheera in case of Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-epileptic activity of Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita by Pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) Induced Generalised Seizure method in Swiss Albino Mice. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita by PTZ Induced Generalised Seizure Method. Methodology: Group specific drugs were administered for 21 consecutive days by oral route. Diazepam was taken as reference standard drug. On 22nd day, a single dose of Pentylenetetrazole 80mg/ kg body weight was injected intra peritoneal to all the groups. The effect of different formulations on Pentylenetetrazole induced generalised convulsions were noted down. The results were expressed as Mean ± SEM. The data was analysed by one way Anova followed by Dunnet’s multiple ‘t’ test as post HOC using Graph pad Inst 3. Results: There was an increase in the duration of latency of onset of seizures in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita group. There was a decrease in the occurrence of number of myoclonic convulsions in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka group. There was an increase in the number of clonic convulsions in Kalyanaka ghrta group and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita. There was an increase in the number of straub tail occurrence in Kalyanaka ghrta group and a decrease in the number of straub tail occurrence in Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrta group. The latency of occurrence of death was reduced in Kalyanaka ghrta and Ksheerakalyanaka ghrita group. There was a decrease in the number of recurrent clonic jerks in Kalyanaka ghrta group and an increase in the number of recurrent clonic jerks in Ksheera Kalyanaka ghrta group. Conclusion: Kalyanaka Ghrita and Ksheerakalyanaka Ghrita showed statistically non-significant improvement in the management of symptoms of PTZ Induced Generalised Seizure.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"29 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85479231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Oo, N. Htun, Mya Yadanar Htwe, A. M. Mon, Win Thein Htet, N. Win
This research discribes an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Anthurium andraeanum Linn. with the use of plant growth regulators namely; 2,4-D and BAP through indirect organogenesis of callus formation. Callus induction, callus proliferation, shoot initiation, shoot multiplication and root formation from regenerated shoots were investigated during this research. The multiple segments of youngest and newest leaf laminas and petioles from the adult plant were used as explants in current experiment. Both explant segments gave regenerated plantlets when they were exposed to plant hormones previously mentioned in basal MS full strength medium. The highest callus formation was found in MS medium supplemented with 6mg/L 2,4-D among other concentrations of 2,4-D such as 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/L. For multiplication purpose, BAP 3mg/L was the best among other treatments (BAP 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mg/L) in the same basal MS medium. Leaving well-developed shoots in the same medium without changing into the fresh medium caused rooting from these shoots. After about three months, the regenerated Anthurium plantlets were successfully transferred to clay pots containing the ratio of (3:2:1) coconut husks, broken bricks and charcoals.
{"title":"In vitro Propagation of Anthurium andraeanum Linn. (White) via Indirect Organogenesis through the Use of Leaf Lamina and Petiole Explants","authors":"K. Oo, N. Htun, Mya Yadanar Htwe, A. M. Mon, Win Thein Htet, N. Win","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8302","url":null,"abstract":"This research discribes an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Anthurium andraeanum Linn. with the use of plant growth regulators namely; 2,4-D and BAP through indirect organogenesis of callus formation. Callus induction, callus proliferation, shoot initiation, shoot multiplication and root formation from regenerated shoots were investigated during this research. The multiple segments of youngest and newest leaf laminas and petioles from the adult plant were used as explants in current experiment. Both explant segments gave regenerated plantlets when they were exposed to plant hormones previously mentioned in basal MS full strength medium. The highest callus formation was found in MS medium supplemented with 6mg/L 2,4-D among other concentrations of 2,4-D such as 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/L. For multiplication purpose, BAP 3mg/L was the best among other treatments (BAP 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mg/L) in the same basal MS medium. Leaving well-developed shoots in the same medium without changing into the fresh medium caused rooting from these shoots. After about three months, the regenerated Anthurium plantlets were successfully transferred to clay pots containing the ratio of (3:2:1) coconut husks, broken bricks and charcoals.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73981523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Explants of three P. betulifolia (Bet 1, Bet 2 and Bet3) and P. ussuriensis (Uss) were tested for root induction in vitro and hardening in vivo. Bet 1 was the best rapid rooting response among four pears. The maximum rooting percent and the highest number of roots were 86.67% and 7.33 respectively that were observed in Bet 1 at ½MS basal medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IBA and quick-dip 15s of 2 mg IBA. Other Bet 2 and 3 were not different with each other. But Uss was produced the longest root length. It was 3.23cm at ½MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA and 15s quick-dip of 2mg IBA. Almost 60 % of Bet 1 explants were hardened.
{"title":"Study of In vitro Root Induction and Hardening Responses of Four Pyrus spp.","authors":"N. Hlaing, Fang Ming, Jiang Shuling","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8304","url":null,"abstract":"Explants of three P. betulifolia (Bet 1, Bet 2 and Bet3) and P. ussuriensis (Uss) were tested for root induction in vitro and hardening in vivo. Bet 1 was the best rapid rooting response among four pears. The maximum rooting percent and the highest number of roots were 86.67% and 7.33 respectively that were observed in Bet 1 at ½MS basal medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IBA and quick-dip 15s of 2 mg IBA. Other Bet 2 and 3 were not different with each other. But Uss was produced the longest root length. It was 3.23cm at ½MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA and 15s quick-dip of 2mg IBA. Almost 60 % of Bet 1 explants were hardened.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72941445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Computer Tomography (CT) scan utilizes ionizing radiation that has been established as risk factors for development of cancer. However, patients’ knowledge of these risks is not well documented and especially in Kenya. Objective: To establish patients’ awareness on ionizing radiation exposure and the risks associated with repeated CT scan examination. Methods: A prospective study carried out in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). It was descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling method was used to get a sample size was 120 patients. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed. The study was conducted between April and June 2019. Results: A total of 120 participants were recruited into the study of which 60% were male and 40% female. Majority (38%) had secondary level of education. Overall, 18% were familiar with the term ionizing radiation, 14% knew that CT scan uses ionizing radiation but only 2% were aware that CT scan emits higher ionizing radiation as compared to the general X-rays. At the same time, 65% knew that ionizing radiation posed greater risk to pregnant women. In addition, 10% were aware of the relationship between ionizing radiation exposure and development of cancer. Separately, 63% were aware and observed some of the safety practices in a CT scan unit. Conclusion: Majority of the patients seen at the MTRH CT scan unit did not demonstrate an understanding of the concept of ionizing radiation exposure and the risk associated with multiple CT scans examinations.
{"title":"Awareness of patients on ionizing radiation exposure and the risks associated with it in CT scan examination at Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya","authors":"Ogowe Odhiambo, Abuya Joseph, Mukabi Khakai, N. Caleb, Minayo Isiaho, Njeru Mwangi, Ong’era Omenta","doi":"10.31254/jsir.2019.8306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2019.8306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Computer Tomography (CT) scan utilizes ionizing radiation that has been established as risk factors for development of cancer. However, patients’ knowledge of these risks is not well documented and especially in Kenya. Objective: To establish patients’ awareness on ionizing radiation exposure and the risks associated with repeated CT scan examination. Methods: A prospective study carried out in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). It was descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling method was used to get a sample size was 120 patients. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed. The study was conducted between April and June 2019. Results: A total of 120 participants were recruited into the study of which 60% were male and 40% female. Majority (38%) had secondary level of education. Overall, 18% were familiar with the term ionizing radiation, 14% knew that CT scan uses ionizing radiation but only 2% were aware that CT scan emits higher ionizing radiation as compared to the general X-rays. At the same time, 65% knew that ionizing radiation posed greater risk to pregnant women. In addition, 10% were aware of the relationship between ionizing radiation exposure and development of cancer. Separately, 63% were aware and observed some of the safety practices in a CT scan unit. Conclusion: Majority of the patients seen at the MTRH CT scan unit did not demonstrate an understanding of the concept of ionizing radiation exposure and the risk associated with multiple CT scans examinations.","PeriodicalId":17221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77821277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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