Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129092
M. Turell
Mosquitoes and other arthropods can transmit pathogens that currently cause millions of cases of illness and over 700,000 deaths annually. For most of these, the most efficient prevention is mosquito (or vector) control. However, only a small number of mosquito species are responsible for pathogen transmission, and different species are important for different pathogens. Because mosquito (vector) control tends to be focused on specific species, it is critical to ensure that the control efforts are directed at the species that are actually involved in pathogen transmission in the real world. Therefore, it is important to understand what makes a vector a vector and the various factors that affect the ability of a potential “vector” to actually transmit a pathogen.
{"title":"WHAT MAKES A VECTOR A VECTOR, AND WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?","authors":"M. Turell","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129092","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes and other arthropods can transmit pathogens that currently cause millions of cases of illness and over 700,000 deaths annually. For most of these, the most efficient prevention is mosquito (or vector) control. However, only a small number of mosquito species are responsible for pathogen transmission, and different species are important for different pathogens. Because mosquito (vector) control tends to be focused on specific species, it is critical to ensure that the control efforts are directed at the species that are actually involved in pathogen transmission in the real world. Therefore, it is important to understand what makes a vector a vector and the various factors that affect the ability of a potential “vector” to actually transmit a pathogen.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79159969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129100
A. Lloyd
The effectiveness of bifenthrin applications to vegetation with and without commercial mosquito traps (Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus) was evaluated against Culicoides biting midges in a residential coastal area located in Cedar Key, Florida. Efficacy evaluations were determined by surveillance trap collections and modified landing rate counts. In general, all treatments provided significant reduction from Culicoides biting midge pressure when compared with untreated yards with no traps (control). However, the combination of bifenthrin and Liberty Plus traps proved to be the most successful in reducing Culicoides compared with yards with only a Liberty Plus trap. Yards treated with bifenthrin alone or in combination with the Liberty Plus trap were more successful than controls, suggesting that Culicoides biting midge population suppression may be obtained through barrier application alone.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF TALSTAR (BIFENTHRIN) RESIDENTIAL BARRIER TREATMENTS ALONE AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH MOSQUITO MAGNET LIBERTY PLUS TRAPS IN CEDAR KEY, FLORIDA","authors":"A. Lloyd","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129100","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of bifenthrin applications to vegetation with and without commercial mosquito traps (Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus) was evaluated against Culicoides biting midges in a residential coastal area located in Cedar Key, Florida. Efficacy evaluations were determined by surveillance trap collections and modified landing rate counts. In general, all treatments provided significant reduction from Culicoides biting midge pressure when compared with untreated yards with no traps (control). However, the combination of bifenthrin and Liberty Plus traps proved to be the most successful in reducing Culicoides compared with yards with only a Liberty Plus trap. Yards treated with bifenthrin alone or in combination with the Liberty Plus trap were more successful than controls, suggesting that Culicoides biting midge population suppression may be obtained through barrier application alone.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81332440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129095
Madeline R. Steck
The purpose of this study was to perform descriptive and inferential analyses to better understand the presence of the abundant mosquito species Aedes atlanticus and Aedes infirmatus in St. Johns County, northeastern Florida. Historical surveillance data (2010-2019) obtained from Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL, was organized to graph temporal mosquito abundance trends and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to map spatial distribution patterns of mosquitoes. Precipitation and habitat composition were investigated as spatiotemporal predictors of mosquito abundance using Pearson’s correlation statistics. There were considerable and inconsistent fluctuations in the population abundance of Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus across and within individual surveillance seasons during the last decade. Precipitation was significantly associated with total county-wide mosquito population counts by season (Ae. atlanticus, R = 0.810, p = 0.005; Ae. infirmatus, R = 0.850, p = 0.002), while the association with weekly mosquito population trends was inconsistently significant across species, lag time, and years. The proportion of surrounding land covered by upland forest, water, and agriculture was associated with species abundance at the spatial level of individual trap sites. Overall, the results identify that Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus share a spatiotemporal relationship and are similarly impacted by rainfall and habitat type. Findings of the study might help to inform improved surveillance by integrating IDW estimation maps with current district resources and improved knowledge of species’ ecology.
本研究的目的是进行描述性和推断性分析，以更好地了解佛罗里达州东北部圣约翰县丰富的大西洋伊蚊和感染伊蚊的存在。整理佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁市圣约翰县Anastasia蚊虫控制区2010-2019年的历史监测数据，绘制蚊虫丰度的时间趋势图，并采用逆距离加权(IDW)插值法绘制蚊虫空间分布格局。利用Pearson相关统计研究了降水和生境组成作为蚊虫丰度的时空预测因子。伊蚊种群丰度波动较大，且波动不一致。大西洋和Ae。在过去的十年中，在个别的监测季节和季节内，有长毛线虫。降水与各季全县蚊虫总数有显著相关性(伊蚊;atlanticus, R = 0.810, p = 0.005;Ae。而与周蚊种群趋势的相关性在不同种类、滞后时间和年份之间不一致。在单个诱捕点的空间水平上，周围被山地森林、水域和农业覆盖的土地比例与物种丰度相关。总的来说，结果表明Ae。大西洋和Ae。Infirmatus具有时空关系，受降雨和生境类型的影响相似。通过将IDW估算图与当前地区资源和物种生态知识相结合，研究结果可能有助于为改进监测提供信息。
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP OF PRECIPITATION AND HABITAT TO THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE OF AEDES ATLANTICUS AND AEDES INFIRMATUS IN ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA","authors":"Madeline R. Steck","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129095","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to perform descriptive and inferential analyses to better understand the presence of the abundant mosquito species Aedes atlanticus and Aedes infirmatus in St. Johns County, northeastern Florida. Historical surveillance data (2010-2019) obtained from Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL, was organized to graph temporal mosquito abundance trends and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to map spatial distribution patterns of mosquitoes. Precipitation and habitat composition were investigated as spatiotemporal predictors of mosquito abundance using Pearson’s correlation statistics. There were considerable and inconsistent fluctuations in the population abundance of Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus across and within individual surveillance seasons during the last decade. Precipitation was significantly associated with total county-wide mosquito population counts by season (Ae. atlanticus, R = 0.810, p = 0.005; Ae. infirmatus, R = 0.850, p = 0.002), while the association with weekly mosquito population trends was inconsistently significant across species, lag time, and years. The proportion of surrounding land covered by upland forest, water, and agriculture was associated with species abundance at the spatial level of individual trap sites. Overall, the results identify that Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus share a spatiotemporal relationship and are similarly impacted by rainfall and habitat type. Findings of the study might help to inform improved surveillance by integrating IDW estimation maps with current district resources and improved knowledge of species’ ecology.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78666433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129098
M. M. Traoré
Mosquito monitoring traps (i.e., CDC light traps) are crucial tools for basic vector ecology research, risk assessment, and vector control programs. Unfortunately, they are expensive which is often an issue in projects conducted in developing countries. Therefore, it would be desirable to have reliable but inexpensive alternatives based on existing consumer products. We compared an off-the-shelf DynaTrap (model DT160, CCFL tube 365 ± 3 nm UV) modified to fit a CDC trap collection bag and to use a 12V power supply, with two commonly used CDC traps: CDC Miniature Light Trap Model 512 (incandescent light, 6 Volt) and CDC Miniature Downdraft Blacklight (UV) Trap Model 912 (4-Watt blue-black-light tube, 12 Volt), in different ecological settings in southwest (Kenieroba) and northwest (Nioro du Sahel) Mali, West Africa. In northwest Mali, the modified DynaTrap caught a mean of 20.67 ± 2.8 females and 5.38 ± 1.0 male Aedes aegypti which was 16.55% and 10.78% more, respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap (control). The DynaTrap caught a mean of 29.75 ± 2.8 female and 17.92 ± 3.5 male Culex quinquefasciatus. which was 47.76% and 20.70% more than the control CDC incandescent trap. The DynaTrap caught a mean of 2.46 ± 0.5 females and 1.63 ± 0.6 males and 10.16% and 2.45% more female and male An. gambiae s.l., respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap. Trap and catch means were lower at the southwest Mali site. However, trap catch proportions by sex were similar to those in the northwest. The modified DynaTrap outperformed both CDC monitoring traps for less than one third of the cost including the cost of the DynaTrap modifications.
蚊虫监测陷阱(即CDC灯诱)是媒介生态学基础研究、风险评估和媒介控制规划的重要工具。不幸的是，它们很昂贵，这在发展中国家进行的项目中经常是一个问题。因此，在现有消费产品的基础上找到可靠而廉价的替代品是可取的。我们在西非马里西南部(Kenieroba)和西北部(Nioro du Sahel)的不同生态环境中，将一种现有的DynaTrap(型号DT160, CCFL灯管365±3 nm UV)与两种常用的CDC陷阱进行了比较，这两种陷阱分别是CDC微型光陷阱512型(白炽灯，6伏)和CDC微型下吸黑光(UV)陷阱912型(4瓦蓝黑色灯管，12伏)。在马里西北部，改良DynaTrap平均捕获雌伊蚊20.67±2.8只，雄伊蚊5.38±1.0只，分别比CDC白炽灯诱蚊器(对照)多16.55%和10.78%。平均捕获雌蚊29.75±2.8只，雄蚊17.92±3.5只。分别比对照CDC白炽灯高出47.76%和20.70%。DynaTrap平均捕获雌鼠2.46±0.5只，雄鼠1.63±0.6只，雌鼠和雄鼠分别高出10.16%和2.45%。冈比亚血吸虫分别比CDC白炽灯诱捕器。陷阱和捕获手段在马里西南部站点较低。但不同性别的捕获比例与西北地区相似。改进后的DynaTrap比两种CDC监测陷阱都要好，成本不到三分之一，其中包括修改DynaTrap的成本。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DYNATRAP® DT160 AS AN INEXPENSIVE ALTERNATIVE TO CDC TRAPS FOR ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING IN MALI, WEST AFRICA","authors":"M. M. Traoré","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V68I1.129098","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito monitoring traps (i.e., CDC light traps) are crucial tools for basic vector ecology research, risk assessment, and vector control programs. Unfortunately, they are expensive which is often an issue in projects conducted in developing countries. Therefore, it would be desirable to have reliable but inexpensive alternatives based on existing consumer products. We compared an off-the-shelf DynaTrap (model DT160, CCFL tube 365 ± 3 nm UV) modified to fit a CDC trap collection bag and to use a 12V power supply, with two commonly used CDC traps: CDC Miniature Light Trap Model 512 (incandescent light, 6 Volt) and CDC Miniature Downdraft Blacklight (UV) Trap Model 912 (4-Watt blue-black-light tube, 12 Volt), in different ecological settings in southwest (Kenieroba) and northwest (Nioro du Sahel) Mali, West Africa. In northwest Mali, the modified DynaTrap caught a mean of 20.67 ± 2.8 females and 5.38 ± 1.0 male Aedes aegypti which was 16.55% and 10.78% more, respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap (control). The DynaTrap caught a mean of 29.75 ± 2.8 female and 17.92 ± 3.5 male Culex quinquefasciatus. which was 47.76% and 20.70% more than the control CDC incandescent trap. The DynaTrap caught a mean of 2.46 ± 0.5 females and 1.63 ± 0.6 males and 10.16% and 2.45% more female and male An. gambiae s.l., respectively, than the CDC incandescent trap. Trap and catch means were lower at the southwest Mali site. However, trap catch proportions by sex were similar to those in the northwest. The modified DynaTrap outperformed both CDC monitoring traps for less than one third of the cost including the cost of the DynaTrap modifications.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79929473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V66I1.127626
D. Dixon
Salt marsh mosquitoes are major nuisance pests during the periods of high mosquito activity, especially after major storm events. In 2016-2017, Saint John’s County, Florida, USA was struck by two major hurricanes that resulted in multiple outbreaks of salt marsh mosquito populations. To optimize the surveillance of two salt marsh mosquitoes, (Aedes taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans, three types of traps (the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Light trap, Biogents Sentinel (BG) trap and Counter Flow Geometry Model (MMX) trap were tested for their capacity to capture the highest numbers of high quality live specimens for laboratory bioassays. Each trap type was tested in Anastasia State Park, located along a major salt marsh area in Saint John’s County. Although the MMX trap captured most of the salt marsh mosquitoes collected, the numbers of mosquitoes captured was not statistically significant compared to the other trap types. However, there was a significant difference in the numbers between Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans in the MMX traps. The MMX trap is preferred for capturing salt marsh mosquitoes that are in high quality for the CDC bottle bioassays.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CDC LIGHT TRAP, BG SENTINEL TRAP, AND MMX TRAP FOR THE COLLECTION OF SALT MARSH MOSQUITOES IN ANASTASIA STATE PARK, SAINT AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA","authors":"D. Dixon","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V66I1.127626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V66I1.127626","url":null,"abstract":"Salt marsh mosquitoes are major nuisance pests during the periods of high mosquito activity, especially after major storm events. In 2016-2017, Saint John’s County, Florida, USA was struck by two major hurricanes that resulted in multiple outbreaks of salt marsh mosquito populations. To optimize the surveillance of two salt marsh mosquitoes, (Aedes taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans, three types of traps (the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Light trap, Biogents Sentinel (BG) trap and Counter Flow Geometry Model (MMX) trap were tested for their capacity to capture the highest numbers of high quality live specimens for laboratory bioassays. Each trap type was tested in Anastasia State Park, located along a major salt marsh area in Saint John’s County. Although the MMX trap captured most of the salt marsh mosquitoes collected, the numbers of mosquitoes captured was not statistically significant compared to the other trap types. However, there was a significant difference in the numbers between Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans in the MMX traps. The MMX trap is preferred for capturing salt marsh mosquitoes that are in high quality for the CDC bottle bioassays.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86288235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.32473/JFMCA.V67I1.127639
R. Xue
After unsuccessful eradication attempts against Aedes aegypti (L.) following a sudden re-emergence in St. Augustine, Florida in early 2016; a new locally acquired colony strain of Ae. aegypti was established at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) in June 2017. Aedes aegypti adults were maintained in cages at the AMCD insectary. Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from downtown St. Augustine, Florida. Female mosquitoes at 5-7 days old were fed upon the exposed forearm of human volunteers in the 1 st and 2 nd generations. Mating was observed in a large cage and confirmed with eggs deposited on wet filter paper in ovicups. Over 90% egg hatch was observed in the laboratory. The new colony strain of Ae. aegypti has been cataloged at the USDA, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology facility in Gainesville, FL and is being used to further research and control this species across North Florida.
{"title":"A NEW LABORATORY COLONIZATION OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER REEMERGENCE AND UNSUCCESSFUL ERADICATION IN ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA","authors":"R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/JFMCA.V67I1.127639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/JFMCA.V67I1.127639","url":null,"abstract":"After unsuccessful eradication attempts against Aedes aegypti (L.) following a sudden re-emergence in St. Augustine, Florida in early 2016; a new locally acquired colony strain of Ae. aegypti was established at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) in June 2017. Aedes aegypti adults were maintained in cages at the AMCD insectary. Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from downtown St. Augustine, Florida. Female mosquitoes at 5-7 days old were fed upon the exposed forearm of human volunteers in the 1 st and 2 nd generations. Mating was observed in a large cage and confirmed with eggs deposited on wet filter paper in ovicups. Over 90% egg hatch was observed in the laboratory. The new colony strain of Ae. aegypti has been cataloged at the USDA, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology facility in Gainesville, FL and is being used to further research and control this species across North Florida.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74417650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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