Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133842
Zhongming Wang, Yan-de Dong, Chun-Xiao Li, R. Xue, Jingwen Yu, D. Xing, Xiao-Long Zhang, Yong Zhang, Tong Ying, X. Zeng, T. Zhao
A field study was conducted to evaluate control efficacy of ground ultra-low-volume (ULV applications (Aquareslin® against a natural population of Culex pipiens pallens in three different vegetation areas (dense, open (grassland, and sparsely vegetated in Changping county, Beijing City, China. Over 80% population decline rates (PDRs were achieved from the different vegetation levels. Significantly higher PDR was achieved in the sparsely vegetated habitat compared to the dense and open habitats. Significant higher reduction (% of parity in female mosquitoes was found in the open grassland and sparse vegetation level, compared with the dense vegetation level. Control efficacy of ground ULV spray against a natural population of Cx. pipiens pallens was impacted by the different vegetation levels.
{"title":"EFFECT OF VEGETATION PATTERNS ON EFFICACY OF A GROUND ULV SPRAY OF AQUARESLIN® AGAINST A NATURAL POPULATION OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS","authors":"Zhongming Wang, Yan-de Dong, Chun-Xiao Li, R. Xue, Jingwen Yu, D. Xing, Xiao-Long Zhang, Yong Zhang, Tong Ying, X. Zeng, T. Zhao","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133842","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted to evaluate control efficacy of ground ultra-low-volume (ULV applications (Aquareslin® against a natural population of Culex pipiens pallens in three different vegetation areas (dense, open (grassland, and sparsely vegetated in Changping county, Beijing City, China. Over 80% population decline rates (PDRs were achieved from the different vegetation levels. Significantly higher PDR was achieved in the sparsely vegetated habitat compared to the dense and open habitats. Significant higher reduction (% of parity in female mosquitoes was found in the open grassland and sparse vegetation level, compared with the dense vegetation level. Control efficacy of ground ULV spray against a natural population of Cx. pipiens pallens was impacted by the different vegetation levels.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133688
W. Qualls, Madeline R. Steck, R. Xue, M. Sallam
The distribution of mosquito communities is predicted by complex micro- and macrohabitat systems. While macrohabitat variables are significant in modeling the distribution of individual mosquito species, the distribution of mosquito communities in disturbed urban and semi-urban environmental gradients was overlooked in most of the previous models. In our study, we used conditional Markov Random Fields (CRF) to evaluate spatial co-occurrence patterns between mosquito vectors of eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV) and west Nile virus (WNV) in a disturbed urban environment in Saint John’s County, Florida. We aimed to 1) quantify the strength and direction of spatial unconditional and conditional correlations between mosquito assemblages in disturbed environments, and 2) evaluate whether the strength of correlations between mosquito assemblages is conditional on landscape or climate variables. We leveraged the longitudinal surveillance effort using Biogents sentinel traps (BGS) conducted by Anastasia Mosquito Control Districts in disturbed urban environments during 2017-2020. The distribution of high mosquito abundance, especially Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. vexans, Ae. taeniorhynchus, Culex nigripalpus, Cx. salinarius, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, were conditionally correlated with other EEEV and WNV vector species in reduced woody and herbaceous wetlands and evergreen forests (-54.44%), and in urban developed landscapes (3.44%) during 2019 and 2020. Moreover, conditional correlations between mosquito species pairs were positively associated with increased total precipitation and in areas with high average minimum and maximum temperatures. Our results show that the micro- and macrohabitat characteristics demonstrated spatial effects on distribution and correlations between species pairs of EEEV and WNV mosquito vectors across disturbed environments. Our findings could be used to better understand the joint effects of drivers on mosquito diversity at a specific locality, interspecific interactions among mosquito assemblages, and how this diversity changes across environmental gradients.
{"title":"CO-OCCURRENCE OF MOSQUITO COMMUNITIES IN DISTURBED ENVIRONMENTS USING MARKOV RANDOM FIELDS (MRFs) IN ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA","authors":"W. Qualls, Madeline R. Steck, R. Xue, M. Sallam","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133688","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of mosquito communities is predicted by complex micro- and macrohabitat systems. While macrohabitat variables are significant in modeling the distribution of individual mosquito species, the distribution of mosquito communities in disturbed urban and semi-urban environmental gradients was overlooked in most of the previous models. In our study, we used conditional Markov Random Fields (CRF) to evaluate spatial co-occurrence patterns between mosquito vectors of eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV) and west Nile virus (WNV) in a disturbed urban environment in Saint John’s County, Florida. We aimed to 1) quantify the strength and direction of spatial unconditional and conditional correlations between mosquito assemblages in disturbed environments, and 2) evaluate whether the strength of correlations between mosquito assemblages is conditional on landscape or climate variables. We leveraged the longitudinal surveillance effort using Biogents sentinel traps (BGS) conducted by Anastasia Mosquito Control Districts in disturbed urban environments during 2017-2020. The distribution of high mosquito abundance, especially Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. vexans, Ae. taeniorhynchus, Culex nigripalpus, Cx. salinarius, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, were conditionally correlated with other EEEV and WNV vector species in reduced woody and herbaceous wetlands and evergreen forests (-54.44%), and in urban developed landscapes (3.44%) during 2019 and 2020. Moreover, conditional correlations between mosquito species pairs were positively associated with increased total precipitation and in areas with high average minimum and maximum temperatures. Our results show that the micro- and macrohabitat characteristics demonstrated spatial effects on distribution and correlations between species pairs of EEEV and WNV mosquito vectors across disturbed environments. Our findings could be used to better understand the joint effects of drivers on mosquito diversity at a specific locality, interspecific interactions among mosquito assemblages, and how this diversity changes across environmental gradients.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90906743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133837
M. Traore, Amy Junnila, E. Revay, A. Prozorov, A. Saldaitis, R. Diarra, R. Yakovlev, Assitan Diakité, G. Petrányi, G. Muller
Five off the shelf commercially available flea traps were tested for their efficacy against the cat/dog flea Ctenocephalides felis. Two traps were significantly better at catching fleas than the remaining three which performed very poorly. It is presumed that the unique combination of attractive features of the best performing Flea Catcher trap are what makes it so effective, including three large, intermittently illuminated light panels simulating host movement and additional synchronized lights in green wavelength pointed downwards to the flea catching base. Additionally, the Flea catcher has the largest surface area. Only two traps, the Flea Catcher and myFleaTrap were non-attractive to non-target insects, while the other traps caught large amounts of other insects quickly blocking the glue panels.
{"title":"EFFICACY TRIALS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIVE FLEA TRAPS IN BAMAKO, MALI","authors":"M. Traore, Amy Junnila, E. Revay, A. Prozorov, A. Saldaitis, R. Diarra, R. Yakovlev, Assitan Diakité, G. Petrányi, G. Muller","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133837","url":null,"abstract":"Five off the shelf commercially available flea traps were tested for their efficacy against the cat/dog flea Ctenocephalides felis. Two traps were significantly better at catching fleas than the remaining three which performed very poorly. It is presumed that the unique combination of attractive features of the best performing Flea Catcher trap are what makes it so effective, including three large, intermittently illuminated light panels simulating host movement and additional synchronized lights in green wavelength pointed downwards to the flea catching base. Additionally, the Flea catcher has the largest surface area. Only two traps, the Flea Catcher and myFleaTrap were non-attractive to non-target insects, while the other traps caught large amounts of other insects quickly blocking the glue panels.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85480155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133840
Steven T. Smoleroff, Dena Autry, V. Aryaprema, R. Xue, W. Qualls
Mosquito control programs are utilizing cost-effective long-term autocidal traps targeting the gravid population of container-inhabiting and other mosquito species, with the aim of reducing vector populations and disease transmission risk. In this field study we directly compared the efficacy of two autocidal trap types-the Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) and SIRENIX mosquito trap in reducing mosquito abundances in St. Augustine, Florida to a control only site that had no autocidal traps deployed. Pre-treatment (wk1-4) and post-treatment (wk 5-14) adult mosquitoes were captured in all three sites using BG traps baited with BG lure and dry ice. Pre- and post-treatment trap counts of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and total mosquitoes (three species together) were compared to determine significant changes in abundance. Percent reduction in abundance of each species/group at the two trap sites were calculated to evaluate the trap efficacy at controlling Aedes and Culex container mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus populations were significantly reduced (86.6%) at the SIRENIX site compared to the populations at the AGO site (67.7% reduction). Ae. aegypti populations were reduced by 72.4% at the SIRENIX site compared to 25% at the AGO site. Culex quinquefasciatus population reduction at the SIRENIX site was 59.6% compared to 11.8% at the AGO site. The total mosquito group had only 45.1% and 10.3% reduction at the SIRENIX and AGO sites, respectively. Furthers studies conducted across the entire mosquito season would be required for full understanding of the effectiveness of these traps.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAP AND SIRENIX TRAP AGAINST CONTAINER INHABITING MOSQUITOES IN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA","authors":"Steven T. Smoleroff, Dena Autry, V. Aryaprema, R. Xue, W. Qualls","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133840","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito control programs are utilizing cost-effective long-term autocidal traps targeting the gravid population of container-inhabiting and other mosquito species, with the aim of reducing vector populations and disease transmission risk. In this field study we directly compared the efficacy of two autocidal trap types-the Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) and SIRENIX mosquito trap in reducing mosquito abundances in St. Augustine, Florida to a control only site that had no autocidal traps deployed. Pre-treatment (wk1-4) and post-treatment (wk 5-14) adult mosquitoes were captured in all three sites using BG traps baited with BG lure and dry ice. Pre- and post-treatment trap counts of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and total mosquitoes (three species together) were compared to determine significant changes in abundance. Percent reduction in abundance of each species/group at the two trap sites were calculated to evaluate the trap efficacy at controlling Aedes and Culex container mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus populations were significantly reduced (86.6%) at the SIRENIX site compared to the populations at the AGO site (67.7% reduction). Ae. aegypti populations were reduced by 72.4% at the SIRENIX site compared to 25% at the AGO site. Culex quinquefasciatus population reduction at the SIRENIX site was 59.6% compared to 11.8% at the AGO site. The total mosquito group had only 45.1% and 10.3% reduction at the SIRENIX and AGO sites, respectively. Furthers studies conducted across the entire mosquito season would be required for full understanding of the effectiveness of these traps.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133967
Taylor Ballantyne, V. Aryaprema, R. Xue, W. Qualls
Toxic sugar baits (TSBs) can be used to deliver insecticide material via ingestion instead of via contact through spraying of insecticides by targeting the resting and sugar-feeding behaviors of adult mosquitoes. This semi-field study aimed to evaluate the adulticidal and larvicidal dual action of a foliage spray of a TSB with a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), and boric acid against Aedes aegypti Puerto Rico (PR) strain (resistant) and Orlando (OR) strain (susceptible), and laboratory colony of Culex quinquefasciatus (Gainesville 1995 strain). The larval and adult evaluation of TSB consisted of 11% VectoBac (Valent Biosciences, Libertyville, IL; Bti), 5% boric acid, and 10% sucrose solution. The TSB intervention for adults consisted of the same as the larval intervention but had an addition of a food grade, 5g Blue No. 1 dye (Sigma Aldrich; St. Louis MO) to observe adult feeding. The controls received a 10% sucrose solution. For the larval mortality evaluation, the TSB was applied to the bromeliad with the runoff dripping into pans containing mosquito larvae. At 24 hours post-application, 100% larval mortality was observed. At all-time mortality recordings, 50 larvae were introduced into the larval pans and the bromeliads were sprayed with water to mimic rainfall allowing the remaining TSB to be washed off into the larval pans. After the 4th day of larval introductions, larval mortality was 83.5% ± 14.3 for Ae. aegypti_PR, 92.5% ± 6.1 for Ae. aegypti OR, and 97 % ±1.7 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Total mean mortality at 72 hours post exposure for the adult TSB evaluation was 52.7% ± 24.2 for Ae. aegypti_PR, 34.3% ± 26.5 for Ae. aegypti_OR, and 73.7% ± 13.9 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Our study suggests this TSB including Bti is effective against larvae when applied as an adulticide barrier application and could be a dual-action approach to mosquito control.
{"title":"ADULTICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL IMPACTS OF THE MIXTURE OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS AND BORIC ACID TOXIC SUGAR BAIT (TSB) AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS","authors":"Taylor Ballantyne, V. Aryaprema, R. Xue, W. Qualls","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133967","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic sugar baits (TSBs) can be used to deliver insecticide material via ingestion instead of via contact through spraying of insecticides by targeting the resting and sugar-feeding behaviors of adult mosquitoes. This semi-field study aimed to evaluate the adulticidal and larvicidal dual action of a foliage spray of a TSB with a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), and boric acid against Aedes aegypti Puerto Rico (PR) strain (resistant) and Orlando (OR) strain (susceptible), and laboratory colony of Culex quinquefasciatus (Gainesville 1995 strain). The larval and adult evaluation of TSB consisted of 11% VectoBac (Valent Biosciences, Libertyville, IL; Bti), 5% boric acid, and 10% sucrose solution. The TSB intervention for adults consisted of the same as the larval intervention but had an addition of a food grade, 5g Blue No. 1 dye (Sigma Aldrich; St. Louis MO) to observe adult feeding. The controls received a 10% sucrose solution. For the larval mortality evaluation, the TSB was applied to the bromeliad with the runoff dripping into pans containing mosquito larvae. At 24 hours post-application, 100% larval mortality was observed. At all-time mortality recordings, 50 larvae were introduced into the larval pans and the bromeliads were sprayed with water to mimic rainfall allowing the remaining TSB to be washed off into the larval pans. After the 4th day of larval introductions, larval mortality was 83.5% ± 14.3 for Ae. aegypti_PR, 92.5% ± 6.1 for Ae. aegypti OR, and 97 % ±1.7 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Total mean mortality at 72 hours post exposure for the adult TSB evaluation was 52.7% ± 24.2 for Ae. aegypti_PR, 34.3% ± 26.5 for Ae. aegypti_OR, and 73.7% ± 13.9 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Our study suggests this TSB including Bti is effective against larvae when applied as an adulticide barrier application and could be a dual-action approach to mosquito control.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82845527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133707
Keira J. Lucas, R. Heinig
Arbovirus surveillance methods are an integral part of integrated mosquito management programs, providing information on arboviral presence, location, and transmission potential. For many vector control agencies, surveillance entails collecting vector mosquito species from the field and testing representative mosquito pools using commercially available immunoassays or real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test kits. In 2016, the Collier Mosquito Control District established an in-house arbovirus surveillance program to screen mosquitoes for a variety of diseases, including the endemic arbovirus, West Nile virus (WNV). Although guidance on interpreting test results is provided by the manufacturer, end users of commercial test kits are encouraged to establish their own cut-off values signifying an arbovirus positive mosquito pool. Here we report the Collier Mosquito Control District’s efforts to develop cut-off values for mosquito pools using two commercially available WNV test kits.
{"title":"IN-HOUSE TESTING OF MOSQUITO POOLS FOR WEST NILE VIRUS USING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IMMUNOASSAY AND REAL-TIME REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION KITS","authors":"Keira J. Lucas, R. Heinig","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133707","url":null,"abstract":"Arbovirus surveillance methods are an integral part of integrated mosquito management programs, providing information on arboviral presence, location, and transmission potential. For many vector control agencies, surveillance entails collecting vector mosquito species from the field and testing representative mosquito pools using commercially available immunoassays or real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test kits. In 2016, the Collier Mosquito Control District established an in-house arbovirus surveillance program to screen mosquitoes for a variety of diseases, including the endemic arbovirus, West Nile virus (WNV). Although guidance on interpreting test results is provided by the manufacturer, end users of commercial test kits are encouraged to establish their own cut-off values signifying an arbovirus positive mosquito pool. Here we report the Collier Mosquito Control District’s efforts to develop cut-off values for mosquito pools using two commercially available WNV test kits.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80087063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130634
Rachel Bales, Peter Brake, Andrew D. Weiss, Keira J. Lucas
Larvae of the mosquito species Mansonia titillans and Mansonia dyari attach to the roots of floating aquatic plants, primarily water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), to obtain oxygen and avoid predators. Surveillance for these species involves a robust monitoring program that identifies Mansonia habitat and production sites. This report evaluates floating emergence trap efficiency for Mansonia surveillance and identification of production sites. Three trap designs were utilized in the evaluation trials, including standard passive emergence traps, modified (active) emergence traps containing a CDC-light trap with and without standard incandescent bulbs. Overall, the active emergence trap with light resulted in the collection of a significantly higher number of emerging mosquitoes.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF EMERGENCE TRAP DESIGN FOR MONITORING MANSONIA PRODUCTION FROM WATER LETTUCE (PISTIA STRATIOTES)","authors":"Rachel Bales, Peter Brake, Andrew D. Weiss, Keira J. Lucas","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130634","url":null,"abstract":"Larvae of the mosquito species Mansonia titillans and Mansonia dyari attach to the roots of floating aquatic plants, primarily water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), to obtain oxygen and avoid predators. Surveillance for these species involves a robust monitoring program that identifies Mansonia habitat and production sites. This report evaluates floating emergence trap efficiency for Mansonia surveillance and identification of production sites. Three trap designs were utilized in the evaluation trials, including standard passive emergence traps, modified (active) emergence traps containing a CDC-light trap with and without standard incandescent bulbs. Overall, the active emergence trap with light resulted in the collection of a significantly higher number of emerging mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90640140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130636
Dylan Rodríguez, Muhammad Farooq, J. Bond, W. Qualls, R. Xue
An essential-oil adulticide formulation. BigShot Maxim Concentrate (14% cedarwood oil, 0.53% thyme oil, and 0.25% cinnamon oil), was evaluated using a wind tunnel against pyrethroid resistant (Puerto Rico, PR) and pyrethroid susceptible (Orlando, ORL) colony-reared strains of Aedes aegypti to determine whether the product could be used in operational mosquito control to supplement dwindling efficacy of pyrethroid formulations. The product was sprayed at 0.5x (146 mL/ha), 1.0x (291 mL/ha), and 2.5x (731 mL/ha) the maximum application rate through a ULV nozzle. After application, mortality was checked at 1 and 24 h. The 24 h mortality for the ORL strain was 85.9% ±5.0, 98.7% ±1.3, and 99.2% ±0.8 at the three application rates, respectively. In contrast, mortality at 24 h post exposure for the PR resistant strain was significantly lower, 26.4% ±6.5, 35.2% ±8.0, and 45.1% ±8.0, at the three application rates, respectively. Results suggest that the essential-oil formulation could be moderately effective against a resistant strain of Ae. aegypti if applied at very high rates and would likely need to be reapplied frequently, and target populations monitored for evolution of resistance to cedarwood and other essential oils.
{"title":"EFFICACY OF AN ESSENTIAL-OIL ADULTICIDE FORMULATION, BIGSHOT MAXIM CONCENTRATE, AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN A WIND TUNNEL","authors":"Dylan Rodríguez, Muhammad Farooq, J. Bond, W. Qualls, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130636","url":null,"abstract":"An essential-oil adulticide formulation. BigShot Maxim Concentrate (14% cedarwood oil, 0.53% thyme oil, and 0.25% cinnamon oil), was evaluated using a wind tunnel against pyrethroid resistant (Puerto Rico, PR) and pyrethroid susceptible (Orlando, ORL) colony-reared strains of Aedes aegypti to determine whether the product could be used in operational mosquito control to supplement dwindling efficacy of pyrethroid formulations. The product was sprayed at 0.5x (146 mL/ha), 1.0x (291 mL/ha), and 2.5x (731 mL/ha) the maximum application rate through a ULV nozzle. After application, mortality was checked at 1 and 24 h. The 24 h mortality for the ORL strain was 85.9% ±5.0, 98.7% ±1.3, and 99.2% ±0.8 at the three application rates, respectively. In contrast, mortality at 24 h post exposure for the PR resistant strain was significantly lower, 26.4% ±6.5, 35.2% ±8.0, and 45.1% ±8.0, at the three application rates, respectively. Results suggest that the essential-oil formulation could be moderately effective against a resistant strain of Ae. aegypti if applied at very high rates and would likely need to be reapplied frequently, and target populations monitored for evolution of resistance to cedarwood and other essential oils.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75206373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130622
Kyle J. Kosinski, Yoosook Lee, A. Romero-Weaver, Tse-Yu Chen, T. Collier, Xiaodi Wang, Derrick Mathias, E. Buckner
Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, is known to be resistant to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Florida. To improve our knowledge on the mechanism(s) responsible for this resistance, we sequenced 106 Ae. aegypti individuals collected from throughout Florida and examined mutations in a known insecticide resistance gene, voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC; AAEL023266), also commonly known as the knockdown resistance (kdr) gene. Through whole genome sequencing, we identified 2 novel nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), F174I and E478K, and 5 known SNPs, V410L, S723T, V1016I, D1763Y, and Q1853R, of which 4 were reported in Floridian Ae. aegypti for the first time. These SNPs provide a basis for further studies examining their contribution to pyrethroid resistant phenotypes, such as increased time of survival after insecticide exposure. This sequence data can be used to develop a multiplex genotyping assay to investigate the SNP frequencies in a larger number of samples and to examine their phenotypic contribution to pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
{"title":"TWO NOVEL SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL GENE IDENTIFIED IN AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITOES FROM FLORIDA","authors":"Kyle J. Kosinski, Yoosook Lee, A. Romero-Weaver, Tse-Yu Chen, T. Collier, Xiaodi Wang, Derrick Mathias, E. Buckner","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130622","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, is known to be resistant to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Florida. To improve our knowledge on the mechanism(s) responsible for this resistance, we sequenced 106 Ae. aegypti individuals collected from throughout Florida and examined mutations in a known insecticide resistance gene, voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC; AAEL023266), also commonly known as the knockdown resistance (kdr) gene. Through whole genome sequencing, we identified 2 novel nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), F174I and E478K, and 5 known SNPs, V410L, S723T, V1016I, D1763Y, and Q1853R, of which 4 were reported in Floridian Ae. aegypti for the first time. These SNPs provide a basis for further studies examining their contribution to pyrethroid resistant phenotypes, such as increased time of survival after insecticide exposure. This sequence data can be used to develop a multiplex genotyping assay to investigate the SNP frequencies in a larger number of samples and to examine their phenotypic contribution to pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74746017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130638
H. Sánchez-arroyo, Yongji Jiang, Roberto Pereira, P. Koehler, R. Xue
A field study was conducted to test bifenthrin as a barrier treatment for its residual effects on adult mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and honey bees Apis mellifera in Gainesville, Florida. Plant foliage was treated with an American LongRay misting sprayer machine at the label rate of 0.318 mL/m². Treated plant leaves were then collected at 24 hr, one wk, and two wk post-treatment for laboratory bioassays against adult Ae. albopictus and A. mellifera. The mortalities of the mosquitoes and honeybees were significantly higher after exposures to the bifenthrin-treated plant leaves at 24 hr post-treatment, than the mortalities at one wk and two wk post-treatments. There were no significant differences in the mortalities of mosquitoes and honeybees exposed to treated plant leaves at one wk and two wk post-treatment. Also, the results showed that the treated plant leaves away from the spray path resulted in significantly high mortalities of both species at 24 hr post-treatment than the mortalities at 8 m and 11 m at one wk and two wk post-treatment. The commercial product of Talstar P (bifenthrin) sprayed on plant foliage resulted in significantly higher mortalities of mosquitoes and honeybees at 24 hr post-treatment at the 5 m distance. There was no significant residual efficacy of the product one week after post-treatment at any distance.
{"title":"RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF BIFENTHRIN SPRAYED ON PLANT FOLIAGES AGAINST AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND APIS MELLIFERA IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA","authors":"H. Sánchez-arroyo, Yongji Jiang, Roberto Pereira, P. Koehler, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130638","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted to test bifenthrin as a barrier treatment for its residual effects on adult mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and honey bees Apis mellifera in Gainesville, Florida. Plant foliage was treated with an American LongRay misting sprayer machine at the label rate of 0.318 mL/m². Treated plant leaves were then collected at 24 hr, one wk, and two wk post-treatment for laboratory bioassays against adult Ae. albopictus and A. mellifera. The mortalities of the mosquitoes and honeybees were significantly higher after exposures to the bifenthrin-treated plant leaves at 24 hr post-treatment, than the mortalities at one wk and two wk post-treatments. There were no significant differences in the mortalities of mosquitoes and honeybees exposed to treated plant leaves at one wk and two wk post-treatment. Also, the results showed that the treated plant leaves away from the spray path resulted in significantly high mortalities of both species at 24 hr post-treatment than the mortalities at 8 m and 11 m at one wk and two wk post-treatment. The commercial product of Talstar P (bifenthrin) sprayed on plant foliage resulted in significantly higher mortalities of mosquitoes and honeybees at 24 hr post-treatment at the 5 m distance. There was no significant residual efficacy of the product one week after post-treatment at any distance.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76347474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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