Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135300
Rui-De Xue
The impact of temperature and photoperiod on duration of gonotrophic development and fecundity in a Gainesville strain of Aedes albopictus Skuse were observed in laboratory settings. Photoperiodic regimens at 24L:0D, 14L:10D, 12L:12D, 8L:16D, and 0L:24D were tested on females reared at 25° C. A series of temperatures 15° C, 20° C, 25° C, 30° C, and 33º C were tested on females reared at 16L:8D. The gonotrophic development duration showed a significant difference only between 8L:16D and 0L:24D which had the longest and shortest cycles, respectively. Fecundity was highest at 14L:10D and lowest at 0L:24D without significant differences between different photoperiodic regimens. Both 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycle durations differed significantly only between 15° C/ 20° C and 33º C which had the longest and shortest cycles, respectively. The highest temperature had the highest fecundity in the 1st gonotrophic cycle whereas it had the lowest fecundity in the 2nd cycle. The findings of this study would benefit in estimating field Ae. albopictus population for control and for rearing purposes.Aedes albopictus
{"title":"TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD EFFECT ON DURATION OF GONOTROPHIC DEVELOPMENT AND FECUNDITY OF A LABORATORY COLONY OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS","authors":"Rui-De Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135300","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of temperature and photoperiod on duration of gonotrophic development and fecundity in a Gainesville strain of Aedes albopictus Skuse were observed in laboratory settings. Photoperiodic regimens at 24L:0D, 14L:10D, 12L:12D, 8L:16D, and 0L:24D were tested on females reared at 25° C. A series of temperatures 15° C, 20° C, 25° C, 30° C, and 33º C were tested on females reared at 16L:8D. The gonotrophic development duration showed a significant difference only between 8L:16D and 0L:24D which had the longest and shortest cycles, respectively. Fecundity was highest at 14L:10D and lowest at 0L:24D without significant differences between different photoperiodic regimens. Both 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycle durations differed significantly only between 15° C/ 20° C and 33º C which had the longest and shortest cycles, respectively. The highest temperature had the highest fecundity in the 1st gonotrophic cycle whereas it had the lowest fecundity in the 2nd cycle. The findings of this study would benefit in estimating field Ae. albopictus population for control and for rearing purposes.Aedes albopictus","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135293
Vindhya S. Aryaprema, Kassidy Caride, Connor Kuppe, Rui-De Xue, W. Qualls
The distribution of Aedes aegypti in St. Johns County (SJC), Florida is suggested to be coastal along the inter-coastal waterway. Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) conducted a study to investigate the effects of salinity on the distribution of container- inhabiting Aedes in SJC. Mean weekly abundances of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at 7 different distances along the coastal-inland gradient, ranging from the SJC coast to the St. Johns River, were monitored for 10 weeks. Bi-weekly salinity measurements of potential Aedes breeding containers were obtained at each distance. A laboratory test was conducted by allowing preferential oviposition at different salinity levels and adult emergence was monitored. Both container salinity and Ae. aegypti abundance were significantly higher up to 5.0 km from the coast compared to the other distances. Ae. aegypti abundance was positively and negatively associated with the container salinity and distance from the coast respectively. Ae. albopictus abundance was significantly different (lower) only at the distance at which the highest salinity was recorded. The association of abundance (positive) was significant only with the distance from the coast. The adult emergence rate of Ae. aegypti in the laboratory was higher at higher salinity levels up to 5 ppt while there was no significant difference in Ae. albopictus emergence rate at different salinities. The study demonstrated a possible salinity effect on the distribution of Ae. aegypti but not Ae. albopictus in SJC, FL. The results warrant further studies on salinity effects with other confounding environmental factors that would contribute to the distribution of the two species in the county.
{"title":"SALINITY EFFECTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS IN ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA","authors":"Vindhya S. Aryaprema, Kassidy Caride, Connor Kuppe, Rui-De Xue, W. Qualls","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135293","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of Aedes aegypti in St. Johns County (SJC), Florida is suggested to be coastal along the inter-coastal waterway. Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) conducted a study to investigate the effects of salinity on the distribution of container- inhabiting Aedes in SJC. Mean weekly abundances of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at 7 different distances along the coastal-inland gradient, ranging from the SJC coast to the St. Johns River, were monitored for 10 weeks. Bi-weekly salinity measurements of potential Aedes breeding containers were obtained at each distance. A laboratory test was conducted by allowing preferential oviposition at different salinity levels and adult emergence was monitored. Both container salinity and Ae. aegypti abundance were significantly higher up to 5.0 km from the coast compared to the other distances. Ae. aegypti abundance was positively and negatively associated with the container salinity and distance from the coast respectively. Ae. albopictus abundance was significantly different (lower) only at the distance at which the highest salinity was recorded. The association of abundance (positive) was significant only with the distance from the coast. The adult emergence rate of Ae. aegypti in the laboratory was higher at higher salinity levels up to 5 ppt while there was no significant difference in Ae. albopictus emergence rate at different salinities. The study demonstrated a possible salinity effect on the distribution of Ae. aegypti but not Ae. albopictus in SJC, FL. The results warrant further studies on salinity effects with other confounding environmental factors that would contribute to the distribution of the two species in the county.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135292
Kyle J. Kosinski, Ana Romero-Weaver, Valerie T. Nguyen, Derrick K. Mathias, Eva A. Buckner, Yoo Sook Lee
Aedes aegypti has been implicated as the vector responsible for transmission of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses during disease outbreaks in Florida within the past 15 years. Recently, locally acquired dengue cases have increased dramatically, with more than 450 cases documented in Florida since 2019. This mosquito is known to be resistant to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Florida. Resistance of insects to pyrethroids due to knockdown resistance (kdr) is the result of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc). Recently, two novel SNPs, F174I and E478K, and four known SNPs, V410L, S723T, D1763Y, and Q1853R were reported circulating in Floridian Ae. aegypti populations for the first time. The present study provides a more comprehensive estimate of these SNP frequencies through the screening of a larger number of Floridian Ae. aegypti samples using a new custom multiplex SNP assay we developed using the Agena Biosciences iPLEX Assay platform to facilitate the rapid screening of multiple SNPs at an affordable cost. Our assay was successful in screening 162 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for 8 SNPs from 4 counties in Southern Florida (Broward, Collier, Palm Beach, and Monroe Counties). This new assay can be used for studies examining the association between genetic mutations and pyrethroid-resistant phenotypes in Ae. aegypti populations such as increased time of survival after insecticide exposure.
{"title":"NEW MULTIPLEX SNP GENOTYPING ASSAY TO SIMUTANEOUSLY SCREEN FOR EIGHT VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL MUTATIONS IN AEDES AEGYPTI","authors":"Kyle J. Kosinski, Ana Romero-Weaver, Valerie T. Nguyen, Derrick K. Mathias, Eva A. Buckner, Yoo Sook Lee","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135292","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti has been implicated as the vector responsible for transmission of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses during disease outbreaks in Florida within the past 15 years. Recently, locally acquired dengue cases have increased dramatically, with more than 450 cases documented in Florida since 2019. This mosquito is known to be resistant to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Florida. Resistance of insects to pyrethroids due to knockdown resistance (kdr) is the result of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc). Recently, two novel SNPs, F174I and E478K, and four known SNPs, V410L, S723T, D1763Y, and Q1853R were reported circulating in Floridian Ae. aegypti populations for the first time. The present study provides a more comprehensive estimate of these SNP frequencies through the screening of a larger number of Floridian Ae. aegypti samples using a new custom multiplex SNP assay we developed using the Agena Biosciences iPLEX Assay platform to facilitate the rapid screening of multiple SNPs at an affordable cost. Our assay was successful in screening 162 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for 8 SNPs from 4 counties in Southern Florida (Broward, Collier, Palm Beach, and Monroe Counties). This new assay can be used for studies examining the association between genetic mutations and pyrethroid-resistant phenotypes in Ae. aegypti populations such as increased time of survival after insecticide exposure.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135298
S. Peper, Cynthia Reinoso Webb, S. Presley
West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) pose a significant public health threat in the United States. These viruses are known to adapt rapidly to new amplifying hosts and geographic environments, making effective surveillance critical for public health efforts. This study evaluated the effectiveness of traditional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for surveillance purposes compared to quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in detecting WNV and SLEV in mosquito pools. Mosquito pools were collected and screened for WNV and SLEV over a 10-year period. This study found an increase in the number of flavivirus-positive yet WNV-/SLEV-negative mosquito pools during 2018 compared to previous years. Quantitative RT-PCR detected more positive WNV and SLEV pools compared to traditional RT-PCR, eliminating false negatives and identifying false positives. The findings underscore the importance of using RT-qPCR for arboviral surveillance to accurately detect circulating viruses and enable timely public health interventions. Changes in local trends in mosquito-borne viruses and vector populations have the potential to impact public health, emphasizing the need for proactive surveillance measures.
{"title":"CAPTURING TRENDS IN ARBOVIRAL SURVEILLANCE: COMPARING TRADITIONAL REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR ASSAYS","authors":"S. Peper, Cynthia Reinoso Webb, S. Presley","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135298","url":null,"abstract":"West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) pose a significant public health threat in the United States. These viruses are known to adapt rapidly to new amplifying hosts and geographic environments, making effective surveillance critical for public health efforts. This study evaluated the effectiveness of traditional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for surveillance purposes compared to quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in detecting WNV and SLEV in mosquito pools. Mosquito pools were collected and screened for WNV and SLEV over a 10-year period. This study found an increase in the number of flavivirus-positive yet WNV-/SLEV-negative mosquito pools during 2018 compared to previous years. Quantitative RT-PCR detected more positive WNV and SLEV pools compared to traditional RT-PCR, eliminating false negatives and identifying false positives. The findings underscore the importance of using RT-qPCR for arboviral surveillance to accurately detect circulating viruses and enable timely public health interventions. Changes in local trends in mosquito-borne viruses and vector populations have the potential to impact public health, emphasizing the need for proactive surveillance measures.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135289
Patricia Dale, Rui-De Xue
Temporal and spatial patterns of mosquito species distributions are influenced by weather conditions and climate, changes in water quality, and many other factors. Aedes taeniorhynchus and Aedes sollicitans are common salt marsh mosquitoes that cause many nuisance problems for human populations. St. Johns County (north-eastern Florida) has, over the past decades, been one of the fastest growing counties in the U.S.A. This is related to changes in land use and land cover, and local climate variations. It has been recently noticed that two species, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans, switch their temporal pattern in St. Johns County. To explore factors influencing potential changes between the temporal distribution of the two species of salt marsh mosquitoes, a literature search was conducted. Based on the literature, there are many factors influencing the potential species switch or temporal patterns of the two species. These include meteorological and tidal patterns as well as land use and land cover changes. The results of the literature analysis indicate that the switch and change in temporal pattern between the two species needs to be further explored, especially with respect to temperature, tidal flooding, water quality (especially salinity), sea level rise and land use/cover.
{"title":"TEMPORAL PATTERN OF AEDES SOLLICITANS AND AEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS IN AN INTERTIDAL WETLAND SYSTEM, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Patricia Dale, Rui-De Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135289","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal and spatial patterns of mosquito species distributions are influenced by weather conditions and climate, changes in water quality, and many other factors. Aedes taeniorhynchus and Aedes sollicitans are common salt marsh mosquitoes that cause many nuisance problems for human populations. St. Johns County (north-eastern Florida) has, over the past decades, been one of the fastest growing counties in the U.S.A. This is related to changes in land use and land cover, and local climate variations. It has been recently noticed that two species, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans, switch their temporal pattern in St. Johns County. To explore factors influencing potential changes between the temporal distribution of the two species of salt marsh mosquitoes, a literature search was conducted. Based on the literature, there are many factors influencing the potential species switch or temporal patterns of the two species. These include meteorological and tidal patterns as well as land use and land cover changes. The results of the literature analysis indicate that the switch and change in temporal pattern between the two species needs to be further explored, especially with respect to temperature, tidal flooding, water quality (especially salinity), sea level rise and land use/cover.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135288
Christina B. McCarthy
The incidence of numerous vector-borne diseases (VBDs) has recently increased alarmingly due to various widespread factors, including unplanned urbanization, greater human mobility, environmental changes, vector resistance to insecticides, and evolving pathogens. In this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repositioned effective and sustainable vector control as a key approach to prevent and eliminate VBDs. It has been shown that the microbiome influences development, nutrition, and pathogen defense in disease-transmitting vectors such as mosquitoes, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, and ticks. Consequently, understanding the endogenous regulation of vector biology can aid in developing effective approaches for vector control. In this respect, a metatranscriptomic approach analyzes all the expressed RNAs in an environmental sample (meta-RNAs) and can thus reveal how the metabolic activities of the microbiome influence vector biology. This review includes an extensive analysis of available literature on microbial and viral studies for some of the major hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods, with a focus on studies that used next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Since a consensus terminology for these “meta-sequencing analyses” has not yet been established, a definition of these terms is presented here to provide the framework for systematically sorting the available information for each of the VBDs analyzed here to single out metatranscriptomic analyses. Finally, key gaps in knowledge were identified for some of these hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods which will prove very useful for driving future studies.
{"title":"CURRENT STATUS OF METATRANSCRIPTOMIC AND RELATED STUDIES IN HEMATOPHAGOUS DISEASE-TRANSMITTING VECTORS","authors":"Christina B. McCarthy","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135288","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of numerous vector-borne diseases (VBDs) has recently increased alarmingly due to various widespread factors, including unplanned urbanization, greater human mobility, environmental changes, vector resistance to insecticides, and evolving pathogens. In this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repositioned effective and sustainable vector control as a key approach to prevent and eliminate VBDs. It has been shown that the microbiome influences development, nutrition, and pathogen defense in disease-transmitting vectors such as mosquitoes, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, and ticks. Consequently, understanding the endogenous regulation of vector biology can aid in developing effective approaches for vector control. In this respect, a metatranscriptomic approach analyzes all the expressed RNAs in an environmental sample (meta-RNAs) and can thus reveal how the metabolic activities of the microbiome influence vector biology. This review includes an extensive analysis of available literature on microbial and viral studies for some of the major hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods, with a focus on studies that used next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Since a consensus terminology for these “meta-sequencing analyses” has not yet been established, a definition of these terms is presented here to provide the framework for systematically sorting the available information for each of the VBDs analyzed here to single out metatranscriptomic analyses. Finally, key gaps in knowledge were identified for some of these hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods which will prove very useful for driving future studies.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135294
Dongmin Kim, Terry J. Debriere, N. Burkett-Cadena
Diverse mosquito traps are available for mosquito and arbovirus surveillance. The delicate nature of the mosquito body makes them vulnerable to damage as they pass through the trap's fan, which can lead to rapid desiccation or mortality within the capture chamber. This can negatively affect surveillance accuracy, impacting both the precise identification of mosquitoes and the reliable execution of molecular assays for arbovirus detection. In this study, we report a novel modification to three widely used mosquito traps: CDC light trap, BG-Sentinel trap, and CDC gravid trap, incorporating a mesh funnel and updraft design to address these issues. We compared updraft and downdraft configurations of light traps under field conditions and compared the effectiveness of the modified BG and gravid trap to unaltered counterparts in semi-field environments. Subsequently, we conducted field validation of modified mosquito traps to assess their trapping effectiveness in terms of mosquito abundance and species composition in coastal forest and suburban areas. Our findings revealed that there was no significant difference in trapping effectiveness between different fan configurations. The adaptation made to the BG trap exhibited higher recapture rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus in comparison to the unmodified BG-Sentinel trap. The modification of the gravid trap was equivalent to unaltered CDC gravid trap. During our field trial, the modified light traps had a higher collection rate of mosquitoes with a wider spectrum of species diversity than modified BG or gravid traps, regardless of site. The modified BG traps captured more arbovirus vector species (Culex and Aedes species), with an increase in Ae. albopictus (11 times) and Ae. aegypti (1.75 times) when compared to the light traps. The modified gravid traps mostly collected Culex spp., accounting for over 47% of the collected mosquitoes. The results indicate that the novel trap configuration preserves trap functionality and improves specimen quality by avoiding the death and dismemberment of collected mosquitoes.
{"title":"NOVEL TRAP CONFIGURATION FOR LIVE CAPTURE OF MOSQUITOES","authors":"Dongmin Kim, Terry J. Debriere, N. Burkett-Cadena","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135294","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse mosquito traps are available for mosquito and arbovirus surveillance. The delicate nature of the mosquito body makes them vulnerable to damage as they pass through the trap's fan, which can lead to rapid desiccation or mortality within the capture chamber. This can negatively affect surveillance accuracy, impacting both the precise identification of mosquitoes and the reliable execution of molecular assays for arbovirus detection. In this study, we report a novel modification to three widely used mosquito traps: CDC light trap, BG-Sentinel trap, and CDC gravid trap, incorporating a mesh funnel and updraft design to address these issues. We compared updraft and downdraft configurations of light traps under field conditions and compared the effectiveness of the modified BG and gravid trap to unaltered counterparts in semi-field environments. Subsequently, we conducted field validation of modified mosquito traps to assess their trapping effectiveness in terms of mosquito abundance and species composition in coastal forest and suburban areas. Our findings revealed that there was no significant difference in trapping effectiveness between different fan configurations. The adaptation made to the BG trap exhibited higher recapture rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus in comparison to the unmodified BG-Sentinel trap. The modification of the gravid trap was equivalent to unaltered CDC gravid trap. During our field trial, the modified light traps had a higher collection rate of mosquitoes with a wider spectrum of species diversity than modified BG or gravid traps, regardless of site. The modified BG traps captured more arbovirus vector species (Culex and Aedes species), with an increase in Ae. albopictus (11 times) and Ae. aegypti (1.75 times) when compared to the light traps. The modified gravid traps mostly collected Culex spp., accounting for over 47% of the collected mosquitoes. The results indicate that the novel trap configuration preserves trap functionality and improves specimen quality by avoiding the death and dismemberment of collected mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135295
M. Farooq, S. Peper, Vindhya S. Aryaprema, Steven T. Smoleroff, W. Qualls, Rui-De Xue
A hand-held thermal fogger was evaluated to spray a mixture of adulticide (Aqualuer 20-20® containing permethrin and piperonyl butoxide) and a biological larvicide (VectoBac®12AS, containing Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis). Adulticide was applied at maximum label rate of 37 mL/ha while larvicide rates were 0.58, 1.76, 2.64, and 3.50 L/ha (Maximum label rate 2.34 L/ha). Two rows, 7.6 m apart, of bioassay cages containing susceptible 25, 5-7 days old female Aedes aegypti were used to assess effectiveness of the adulticide. Along with each cage were two 473 mL empty plastic cups at 0 and 1.3 m above ground to collect the larvicide. Two control cages and two empty cups were placed upwind in the field for five minutes and removed before the spray. The study was conducted in the evening with five separated replications of a rate. The exposed cages and cups were retrieved from the field and brought back to the laboratory for further observations and tests to determine mortality at 24 and 48 h, respectively. All the adults in all treatment cages and all tests died within 24 h of the spray application. In the lab, larval mortality was assessed by introducing Ae. aegypti larvae, where mortality decreased with increasing distance from the spray line and increased with increasing application rate. The larval mortality at all distances was strongly correlated with application rate (R2 = 0.98). The highest rate used produced 64 -95% larval mortality at all distances. The results indicate that Aqualuer 20-20 and VectoBac 12AS can be applied simultaneously as a mixture achieving complete adult control and considerable larval control.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THERMAL FOGGER FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF LARVICIDE-ADULTICIDE MIXTURE AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI","authors":"M. Farooq, S. Peper, Vindhya S. Aryaprema, Steven T. Smoleroff, W. Qualls, Rui-De Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135295","url":null,"abstract":"A hand-held thermal fogger was evaluated to spray a mixture of adulticide (Aqualuer 20-20® containing permethrin and piperonyl butoxide) and a biological larvicide (VectoBac®12AS, containing Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis). Adulticide was applied at maximum label rate of 37 mL/ha while larvicide rates were 0.58, 1.76, 2.64, and 3.50 L/ha (Maximum label rate 2.34 L/ha). Two rows, 7.6 m apart, of bioassay cages containing susceptible 25, 5-7 days old female Aedes aegypti were used to assess effectiveness of the adulticide. Along with each cage were two 473 mL empty plastic cups at 0 and 1.3 m above ground to collect the larvicide. Two control cages and two empty cups were placed upwind in the field for five minutes and removed before the spray. The study was conducted in the evening with five separated replications of a rate. The exposed cages and cups were retrieved from the field and brought back to the laboratory for further observations and tests to determine mortality at 24 and 48 h, respectively. All the adults in all treatment cages and all tests died within 24 h of the spray application. In the lab, larval mortality was assessed by introducing Ae. aegypti larvae, where mortality decreased with increasing distance from the spray line and increased with increasing application rate. The larval mortality at all distances was strongly correlated with application rate (R2 = 0.98). The highest rate used produced 64 -95% larval mortality at all distances. The results indicate that Aqualuer 20-20 and VectoBac 12AS can be applied simultaneously as a mixture achieving complete adult control and considerable larval control.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135291
A. Estep, N. Sanscrainte
Aedes albopictus is a primary or secondary disease vector in Asia that invaded the United States around 1980. It is now present in more than half of US states and continues to expand in range. The willingness to bite in the daytime and the ability to colonize makes this species a target of control operations both to prevent nuisance biting and for public health reasons. As with other species, effective long-term control requires an integrated management strategy and information about efficacy of operational interventions. Studies from Asia, where this species is a primary vector, show that insecticide resistance is a developing concern that can compromise effective control. In this review, we summarize the status of insecticide resistance in US populations of Ae. albopictus, examine the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance, and offer suggestions for future research directions.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135296
M. Farooq, Steven T. Smoleroff, Kai Blore, W. Qualls, Rui-De Xue
Backpack mist sprayers have been used for control of adult mosquitoes on limited small scales. A study was conducted to evaluate three battery powered backpack sprayers to assess their suitability to apply adulticides. The three sprayers are the Field King 190515, the Ryobi One+, and the Tornado (model Spray Mate). The Field King operated at 276 kPa, the Ryobi One+ at 414 kPa, and the Tornado at 414kPa (option at 276 or 414 kPa) were used for this study. Due to higher flow rates of these sprayers compared to ULV sprayers, Aqualuer™ 20-20 was used as an adulticide by diluting with water. To achieve application rates of 9, 37, 74, and 148 mL/ha for different sprayers at their flow rates, the formulation was diluted 26 to 1,209 times. All dilutions were replicated three times and one application rate of all sprayers was tested in a day. Adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at 25 /cage were used for the experiment. Caged mosquitoes were placed on the poles before spray and removed after the spray ended. Mortality was recorded at 24 -h after treatment. The Tornado backpack sprayer provided the highest mortality, better than or similar to Ryobi One+ and Field King provided the least mortality. The sprayers were effective up to 3.0 m from the spray line. By increasing application rate from 9 to 74 mL/ha, mortality increased but did not increase as the rate went from 74 to 148 mL/ha. Application with the Tornado at 74 mL/ha was the best option for short distance control.
背负式喷雾器曾在有限的小范围内用于控制成蚊。我们进行了一项研究，对三种电池供电的背负式喷雾器进行评估，以确定它们是否适合用于喷洒成蚊杀虫剂。这三种喷雾器是 Field King 190515、Ryobi One+ 和 Tornado（喷雾伴侣型号）。本研究使用的 Field King 工作压力为 276 千帕，Ryobi One+ 为 414 千帕，Tornado 为 414 千帕（可选择 276 或 414 千帕）。与超低容量喷雾器相比，这些喷雾器的流量更大，因此用水稀释 Aqualuer™ 20-20 作为成虫杀虫剂使用。为了使不同喷雾器在其流量下的施用率分别达到 9、37、74 和 148 毫升/公顷，该制剂被稀释了 26 至 1,209 倍。所有稀释液均重复三次，一天内对所有喷雾器的一种施用率进行测试。实验使用 25 只/笼的成年雌性埃及伊蚊。喷洒前将笼子放在电线杆上，喷洒结束后将笼子移走。处理后 24 小时记录死亡率。龙卷风背负式喷雾器的死亡率最高，优于或类似于 Ryobi One+，而 Field King 的死亡率最低。喷洒器在距离喷洒线 3.0 米以内都有效。施药量从 9 毫升/公顷增加到 74 毫升/公顷时，死亡率增加，但施药量从 74 毫升/公顷增加到 148 毫升/公顷时，死亡率没有增加。使用 74 毫升/公顷的龙卷风喷洒是短距离防治的最佳选择。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THREE BATTERY- POWERED BACKPACK SPRAYERS TO APPLY ADULTICIDES AGANIST AEDES AEGYPTI","authors":"M. Farooq, Steven T. Smoleroff, Kai Blore, W. Qualls, Rui-De Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135296","url":null,"abstract":"Backpack mist sprayers have been used for control of adult mosquitoes on limited small scales. A study was conducted to evaluate three battery powered backpack sprayers to assess their suitability to apply adulticides. The three sprayers are the Field King 190515, the Ryobi One+, and the Tornado (model Spray Mate). The Field King operated at 276 kPa, the Ryobi One+ at 414 kPa, and the Tornado at 414kPa (option at 276 or 414 kPa) were used for this study. Due to higher flow rates of these sprayers compared to ULV sprayers, Aqualuer™ 20-20 was used as an adulticide by diluting with water. To achieve application rates of 9, 37, 74, and 148 mL/ha for different sprayers at their flow rates, the formulation was diluted 26 to 1,209 times. All dilutions were replicated three times and one application rate of all sprayers was tested in a day. Adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at 25 /cage were used for the experiment. Caged mosquitoes were placed on the poles before spray and removed after the spray ended. Mortality was recorded at 24 -h after treatment. The Tornado backpack sprayer provided the highest mortality, better than or similar to Ryobi One+ and Field King provided the least mortality. The sprayers were effective up to 3.0 m from the spray line. By increasing application rate from 9 to 74 mL/ha, mortality increased but did not increase as the rate went from 74 to 148 mL/ha. Application with the Tornado at 74 mL/ha was the best option for short distance control.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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