Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135290
Rebecca Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, Phillip G. Koehler, Rui-De Xue
Laboratory and field studies comparing the relative tolerance of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and non-target species, including the honey bee (Apis mellifera), and other non-target insects have shown that the non-target species can tolerate fairly well when exposed to insecticides used in mosquito control operations. Tolerance levels of non-target species vary due to factors such as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes which require higher insecticide doses to reduce populations to adequate levels. However, well-planned mosquito control programs, can lower risks to honey bees and other non-target species. This review discusses the toxicity of mosquito control insecticides to the honey bee and other non-target insects.
{"title":"INSECTICIDE TOXICITY TO HONEY BEES: LESSONS LEARNED FROM STUDIES BY THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LABORATORY","authors":"Rebecca Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, Phillip G. Koehler, Rui-De Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.71.1.135290","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory and field studies comparing the relative tolerance of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and non-target species, including the honey bee (Apis mellifera), and other non-target insects have shown that the non-target species can tolerate fairly well when exposed to insecticides used in mosquito control operations. Tolerance levels of non-target species vary due to factors such as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes which require higher insecticide doses to reduce populations to adequate levels. However, well-planned mosquito control programs, can lower risks to honey bees and other non-target species. This review discusses the toxicity of mosquito control insecticides to the honey bee and other non-target insects.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133843
M. Pogue, R. Xue, Qing‐He Zhang
Increased number of eye gnats often cause a nuisance problem in St. Johns County, Florida, during spring and summer. Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine often receives service requests and complaints about the eye gnat problem. Evaluation of traps is critically important for surveillance and control of nuisance eye gnats. This study was conducted to determine if sticky traps (RESCUE!® TrapStik for Flies) baited with BG Lure were more attractive to eye gnats than sticky traps without bait in Elkton, northeastern Florida. The results showed that sticky traps baited with BG Lure were more attractive to eye gnats than unbaited traps, which could be considered as a tool for surveillance and control of eye gnats.
{"title":"USING BG LURE VERSUS NON-ATTRACTANT IN STICKY TRAPS TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLECTING EYE GNATS (DIPTERA: CHLOROPIDAE: LIOHIPPELATES SPP.)","authors":"M. Pogue, R. Xue, Qing‐He Zhang","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133843","url":null,"abstract":"Increased number of eye gnats often cause a nuisance problem in St. Johns County, Florida, during spring and summer. Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine often receives service requests and complaints about the eye gnat problem. Evaluation of traps is critically important for surveillance and control of nuisance eye gnats. This study was conducted to determine if sticky traps (RESCUE!® TrapStik for Flies) baited with BG Lure were more attractive to eye gnats than sticky traps without bait in Elkton, northeastern Florida. The results showed that sticky traps baited with BG Lure were more attractive to eye gnats than unbaited traps, which could be considered as a tool for surveillance and control of eye gnats.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81414767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133968
S. Peper, Milton Sterling
The use of sentinel chickens is a powerful tool to aid in arboviral surveillance efforts. Results from this type of surveillance is used to help guide abatement efforts for vector species. Many mosquito control programs use outsourced laboratories for testing sentinel chicken samples. This study evaluated the use of a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for in-house testing for West Nile virus antibodies from chicken serum. The commercial cELISA detected more positive sentinel chickens compared to the outsourced laboratory results. Results obtained from the in-house testing of chicken serum were reported sooner compared to the outsourced laboratory results, enhancing mosquito control programs timeliness for response to mosquito-borne disease.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMMERCIAL COMPETITIVE ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIBODIES IN SENTINEL CHICKENS","authors":"S. Peper, Milton Sterling","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133968","url":null,"abstract":"The use of sentinel chickens is a powerful tool to aid in arboviral surveillance efforts. Results from this type of surveillance is used to help guide abatement efforts for vector species. Many mosquito control programs use outsourced laboratories for testing sentinel chicken samples. This study evaluated the use of a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for in-house testing for West Nile virus antibodies from chicken serum. The commercial cELISA detected more positive sentinel chickens compared to the outsourced laboratory results. Results obtained from the in-house testing of chicken serum were reported sooner compared to the outsourced laboratory results, enhancing mosquito control programs timeliness for response to mosquito-borne disease.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133687
T. Su, H. Su
Mosquito control by pesticides remains the main intervention to reduce the burden of mosquito nuisance and mosquito-borne diseases. In mosquito control, larviciding by application of environmentally friendly larvicides has been one of the routine operations. Larvicides based on microbial agents and insect growth regulators (IGRs) account for most of the available products. Ones that are formulated using S-methoprene ranged from microencapsulated concentrate (or capsule suspension - CS), various granules, and pellets to briquets for different habitats. The CS formulation has been among the traditional products based on S-methoprene due to its advantages of easy application, fast action, and even area coverage. The current paper evaluated a newly developed CS formulation OmniPrene 20CSTM containing 20% S-methoprene against mosquitoes of public health importance. High inhibition of emergence activity was indicated against the test species, and Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes showed higher susceptibility than Culex in laboratory bioassays. The performance under field conditions exceeded the label specification of the currently available products with the same application pattern. Over the 21-day evaluation period, the control levels ranged 86.4-100%, 89.8-100% and 79.8-100% against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles hermsi and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively when it was applied at the intended label dose of 54.8-73.1 mL/ha. This product is expected to be used as one of the viable tools along with other available products to combat mosquitoes of public health concerns.
{"title":"EVALUATION ON THE ACTIVITY AND EFFICACY OF OMNIPRENE 20CS AGAINST AEDES, ANOPHELES AND CULEX MOSQUITOES IN OUTDOOR MICROCOSMS","authors":"T. Su, H. Su","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133687","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito control by pesticides remains the main intervention to reduce the burden of mosquito nuisance and mosquito-borne diseases. In mosquito control, larviciding by application of environmentally friendly larvicides has been one of the routine operations. Larvicides based on microbial agents and insect growth regulators (IGRs) account for most of the available products. Ones that are formulated using S-methoprene ranged from microencapsulated concentrate (or capsule suspension - CS), various granules, and pellets to briquets for different habitats. The CS formulation has been among the traditional products based on S-methoprene due to its advantages of easy application, fast action, and even area coverage. The current paper evaluated a newly developed CS formulation OmniPrene 20CSTM containing 20% S-methoprene against mosquitoes of public health importance. High inhibition of emergence activity was indicated against the test species, and Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes showed higher susceptibility than Culex in laboratory bioassays. The performance under field conditions exceeded the label specification of the currently available products with the same application pattern. Over the 21-day evaluation period, the control levels ranged 86.4-100%, 89.8-100% and 79.8-100% against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles hermsi and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively when it was applied at the intended label dose of 54.8-73.1 mL/ha. This product is expected to be used as one of the viable tools along with other available products to combat mosquitoes of public health concerns.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85542073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133685
John V. Day
St. Louis encephalitis virus has had a fascinating history in Florida. The virus was introduced into the Miami area in the early 1950s. This introduction resulted in two human outbreaks, one in 1952 and a second in 1958. Three urban SLE epidemics were reported in the Tampa Bay area in 1959, 1961, and 1962. The virus virtually disappeared from the state until 1977 when a widespread rural SLE epidemic was reported in 20 Florida counties with 110 confirmed human cases. An almost identical rural SLE epidemic was reported in 1990 when 226 human SLE cases were reported in 28 Florida counties. Following the introduction of West Nile virus into Florida in 2001, reports of SLEV transmission to sentinel chickens and humans decreased dramatically. Except for a 2014 focal outbreak of two SLE cases in Duval County, only sporadic transmission of SLEV to humans and sentinel chickens was reported in the state between 1998 and 2022.
{"title":"rise and fall of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in Florida","authors":"John V. Day","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133685","url":null,"abstract":"St. Louis encephalitis virus has had a fascinating history in Florida. The virus was introduced into the Miami area in the early 1950s. This introduction resulted in two human outbreaks, one in 1952 and a second in 1958. Three urban SLE epidemics were reported in the Tampa Bay area in 1959, 1961, and 1962. The virus virtually disappeared from the state until 1977 when a widespread rural SLE epidemic was reported in 20 Florida counties with 110 confirmed human cases. An almost identical rural SLE epidemic was reported in 1990 when 226 human SLE cases were reported in 28 Florida counties. Following the introduction of West Nile virus into Florida in 2001, reports of SLEV transmission to sentinel chickens and humans decreased dramatically. Except for a 2014 focal outbreak of two SLE cases in Duval County, only sporadic transmission of SLEV to humans and sentinel chickens was reported in the state between 1998 and 2022.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133841
Dillon Streuber, C. Bibbs, G. Muller, R. Xue
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) are an effective mosquito control tool based on sugar feeding behaviors and oral ingestion. There is a demand from consumers for more effective active ingredients. Torac 15EC, containing tolfenpyrad, is a registered insecticide for control of agricultural pests, which may mean transferability to mosquito control. Another option, Naturecide Pest Management (NPM), is a botanical insecticide containing cedarwood and cinnamon oils for control of adult mosquitoes via contact. This study evaluated tolfenpyrad and a formulated essential oil blend added to toxic sugar baits (TSB) against adult Aedes aegypti, compared with a positive control of 1% boric acid toxic sugar bait, and untreated control. In this experiment setup, ingestions of tolfenpyrad at 1%, NPM at 1% (of finished product) TSB, and boric acid at 1% by female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes resulted in average mortality at 48 hrs were 71%, 73% and 95%, respectively. The results suggest that ingestible tolfenpyrad, Naturecide Pest Management, and boric acid TSBs may be potential tool for mosquito control strategies and programs, but the mode of action of essential oils to kill adult mosquitoes is still needed to be addressed.
{"title":"LABORATORY EXPLORATION OF TOLFENPYRAD AND NATURECIDE IN TOXIC SUGAR BAITS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI","authors":"Dillon Streuber, C. Bibbs, G. Muller, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133841","url":null,"abstract":"Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) are an effective mosquito control tool based on sugar feeding behaviors and oral ingestion. There is a demand from consumers for more effective active ingredients. Torac 15EC, containing tolfenpyrad, is a registered insecticide for control of agricultural pests, which may mean transferability to mosquito control. Another option, Naturecide Pest Management (NPM), is a botanical insecticide containing cedarwood and cinnamon oils for control of adult mosquitoes via contact. This study evaluated tolfenpyrad and a formulated essential oil blend added to toxic sugar baits (TSB) against adult Aedes aegypti, compared with a positive control of 1% boric acid toxic sugar bait, and untreated control. In this experiment setup, ingestions of tolfenpyrad at 1%, NPM at 1% (of finished product) TSB, and boric acid at 1% by female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes resulted in average mortality at 48 hrs were 71%, 73% and 95%, respectively. The results suggest that ingestible tolfenpyrad, Naturecide Pest Management, and boric acid TSBs may be potential tool for mosquito control strategies and programs, but the mode of action of essential oils to kill adult mosquitoes is still needed to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89947869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133692
Michael T. Riles, Kaylyn Cullen, Mark Clifton, James Clauson
A series of tests were performed in the laboratory and in the field, 2014-2017, assessing the efficacy of the Trap ‘N’ Kill (TNK) (Springstar® Inc., Woodinville, WA) lethal ovitrap on Aedes albopictus adults and immatures. The TNK lethal ovitrap design is to attract and kill adult female mosquitoes as well as any larvae that emerge over a claimed 45-day period by utilizing the active ingredient dichlorvos. Cage trials demonstrate that the trap effectively killed wild-caught, adult mosquitoes (> 80% mortality) for up to 4 weeks (28 days). After 4 weeks, the ability of the trap to control adult mosquitoes declined reaching only 18.8 % mortality by week 7. A field trial demonstrated a similar 4-week maximum effective duration of the TNK trap when immature mosquitoes had emerged from eggs and were present in all traps after 4 weeks (6 weeks, 15.2 ± 2.56 % larvae per trap were observed). A field trial was also conducted to assess the ability of the TNK trap to reduce adult mosquito populations over a ~5-acre area in a residential neighborhood. No reduction in adult mosquito population could be detected with the trap density (5 traps/acre) and experimental conditions utilized in this trial.
2014-2017年，在实验室和现场进行了一系列试验，评估了Trap ' N ' Kill (TNK) (Springstar®Inc.， Woodinville, WA)致死性诱卵器对白纹伊蚊成虫和幼虫的效果。秋明致死性诱蚊器设计是利用有效成分敌敌畏，吸引并杀死在声称的45天内出现的成年雌蚊和任何幼虫。笼试验表明，该诱捕器可有效杀灭野生成蚊(死亡率> 80%)长达4周(28天)。4周后，诱蚊器对成蚊的控制能力下降，第7周死亡率仅为18.8%。现场试验表明，当未成熟的蚊子从卵中出来并在4周后出现在所有陷阱中时，TNK陷阱的最长有效时间为4周(6周，观察到每个陷阱的幼虫为15.2±2.56%)。还进行了实地试验，以评估TNK诱捕器在居民区约5英亩区域内减少成蚊种群的能力。采用诱捕器密度(5个/亩)和试验条件均未发现成蚊数量减少。
{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF A LETHAL OVIPOSITION TRAP’S ABILITY TO PRODUCE IMMATURES OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS IN PANAMA CITY BEACH, FLORIDA","authors":"Michael T. Riles, Kaylyn Cullen, Mark Clifton, James Clauson","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133692","url":null,"abstract":"A series of tests were performed in the laboratory and in the field, 2014-2017, assessing the efficacy of the Trap ‘N’ Kill (TNK) (Springstar® Inc., Woodinville, WA) lethal ovitrap on Aedes albopictus adults and immatures. The TNK lethal ovitrap design is to attract and kill adult female mosquitoes as well as any larvae that emerge over a claimed 45-day period by utilizing the active ingredient dichlorvos. Cage trials demonstrate that the trap effectively killed wild-caught, adult mosquitoes (> 80% mortality) for up to 4 weeks (28 days). After 4 weeks, the ability of the trap to control adult mosquitoes declined reaching only 18.8 % mortality by week 7. A field trial demonstrated a similar 4-week maximum effective duration of the TNK trap when immature mosquitoes had emerged from eggs and were present in all traps after 4 weeks (6 weeks, 15.2 ± 2.56 % larvae per trap were observed). A field trial was also conducted to assess the ability of the TNK trap to reduce adult mosquito populations over a ~5-acre area in a residential neighborhood. No reduction in adult mosquito population could be detected with the trap density (5 traps/acre) and experimental conditions utilized in this trial.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80703454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133690
A. Lloyd, D. Kline, D. Hahn
Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) along the coast of Florida are a severe biting nuisance that can impede outdoor activities. Methods currently available for biting midge control are limited due to environmentally sensitive larval habitats and the lack of adulticide techniques available for area-wide population suppression.Homeowners that live along the coast can protect their homes with the use of fine- meshed window screens and fans, coarse low volume adulticide applications, and adult removal via commercial mosquito traps. There are known attractants that have been used to enhance trap captures for adult mosquitoes, and it is logical to test these attractants against closely related adult hematophagous Diptera such as Culicoides. This study compared four attractant lures, octenol, BG lure, R-octenol, and USDA red blend, known to be attractive to mosquitoes, and tested them against C. furens and C. mississippiensis as an addition to increase trap capture. Although all attractants increased trap capture above the control, results from this study could not identify a lure that was significantly more attractive to Culicoides species captured in Cedar Key, Florida. Further studies evaluating species specific trap types as well as attractants are needed to develop an effective Culicoides adult trapping control system as part of an integrated biting insect control program.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF LURES AS CANDIDATE ATTRACTANTS FOR COASTAL CULICOIDES IN FLORIDA","authors":"A. Lloyd, D. Kline, D. Hahn","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133690","url":null,"abstract":"Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) along the coast of Florida are a severe biting nuisance that can impede outdoor activities. Methods currently available for biting midge control are limited due to environmentally sensitive larval habitats and the lack of adulticide techniques available for area-wide population suppression.Homeowners that live along the coast can protect their homes with the use of fine- meshed window screens and fans, coarse low volume adulticide applications, and adult removal via commercial mosquito traps. There are known attractants that have been used to enhance trap captures for adult mosquitoes, and it is logical to test these attractants against closely related adult hematophagous Diptera such as Culicoides. This study compared four attractant lures, octenol, BG lure, R-octenol, and USDA red blend, known to be attractive to mosquitoes, and tested them against C. furens and C. mississippiensis as an addition to increase trap capture. Although all attractants increased trap capture above the control, results from this study could not identify a lure that was significantly more attractive to Culicoides species captured in Cedar Key, Florida. Further studies evaluating species specific trap types as well as attractants are needed to develop an effective Culicoides adult trapping control system as part of an integrated biting insect control program.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76438092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133839
Lea Bangonan, Muhammad Farooq, S. Peper, V. Aryaprema, W. Qualls, R. Xue
Synthetic acaricides have been the most used method for controlling tick populations. However, their frequent application has had negative impacts on treated animals and the environment and led to the development of resistance in tick populations. These factors generated interest and the need to find more environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, the repellency and acaricidal effects of BigShot Maxim (AIs: cedarwood oil, cinnamon oil, thyme oil), RepelCare (AIs: turmeric oil and eucalyptus oil), and clove oil, Syzygium aromaticum L., were tested against the lone star tick, Amblyomma Americanum (Linnaeus). Despite no evidence of repellency for BigShot Maxim, RepelCare and clove oil, its disruption of the host seeking behavior after contact to the products was observed and further investigated. BigShot Maxim and clove oil were selected for mortality testing and resulted in complete mortality of male, female ticks, and nymphs with some application rates. The results from this study provide a better understanding of repellency and acaricidal effects of botanical products against the lone star tick that can be used to further improve the development of green chemistry. However, further studies are warranted before these botanical products can be implemented as effective alternatives to chemical acaricides to use in integrated vector control.
{"title":"LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BIGSHOT MAXIM, REPELCARE, AND CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL, SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM AGAINST THE LONE STAR TICK, AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM","authors":"Lea Bangonan, Muhammad Farooq, S. Peper, V. Aryaprema, W. Qualls, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133839","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic acaricides have been the most used method for controlling tick populations. However, their frequent application has had negative impacts on treated animals and the environment and led to the development of resistance in tick populations. These factors generated interest and the need to find more environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, the repellency and acaricidal effects of BigShot Maxim (AIs: cedarwood oil, cinnamon oil, thyme oil), RepelCare (AIs: turmeric oil and eucalyptus oil), and clove oil, Syzygium aromaticum L., were tested against the lone star tick, Amblyomma Americanum (Linnaeus). Despite no evidence of repellency for BigShot Maxim, RepelCare and clove oil, its disruption of the host seeking behavior after contact to the products was observed and further investigated. BigShot Maxim and clove oil were selected for mortality testing and resulted in complete mortality of male, female ticks, and nymphs with some application rates. The results from this study provide a better understanding of repellency and acaricidal effects of botanical products against the lone star tick that can be used to further improve the development of green chemistry. However, further studies are warranted before these botanical products can be implemented as effective alternatives to chemical acaricides to use in integrated vector control.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84298122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133691
M. Farooq, R. Xue, C. Bibbs, J. Cilek, Steven T. Smoleroff
A field evaluation study was conducted to understand the dispersion of spray from a truck-mounted ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprayer when released with the nozzle oriented at the conventional angle of 45° in addition to 22° and 0° with respect to ground surface. The study was conducted in an open grassy field at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District by applying Aqualuer™ 20-20 at the highest label application rate. Mortality of caged female Aedes aegypti was tested at 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 8.5 m heights at 0, 30, 60, and 90 m from the spray line. Spray trials were conducted during early morning hours and all test groups were replicated three times over different days. During these evaluations higher mortality was recorded from the 22° and 0° nozzle orientations up to 30 m from the spray line and at heights up to 3 m. The conventional nozzle orientation of 45° provided the greatest mortality 30 m from application source at heights of 6.0 and 8.5 m.
{"title":"EFFECT OF NOZZLE ORIENTATION ON DISPERSION OF TRUCK MOUNTED ULTRA LOW VOLUME SPRAY AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES","authors":"M. Farooq, R. Xue, C. Bibbs, J. Cilek, Steven T. Smoleroff","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.70.1.133691","url":null,"abstract":"A field evaluation study was conducted to understand the dispersion of spray from a truck-mounted ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprayer when released with the nozzle oriented at the conventional angle of 45° in addition to 22° and 0° with respect to ground surface. The study was conducted in an open grassy field at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District by applying Aqualuer™ 20-20 at the highest label application rate. Mortality of caged female Aedes aegypti was tested at 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 8.5 m heights at 0, 30, 60, and 90 m from the spray line. Spray trials were conducted during early morning hours and all test groups were replicated three times over different days. During these evaluations higher mortality was recorded from the 22° and 0° nozzle orientations up to 30 m from the spray line and at heights up to 3 m. The conventional nozzle orientation of 45° provided the greatest mortality 30 m from application source at heights of 6.0 and 8.5 m.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77447020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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