Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130626
E. Khater, Dena Autry, M. Gaines, R. Xue
Mosquito control programs are utilizing cost-effective long-term autocidal traps targeting the gravid population of container-inhabiting and other mosquito species, with the aim of reducing vector populations and disease transmission risk. In this field study we directly compared the efficacy of the Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) and In2Care mosquito traps in St. Augustine, Florida. Total numbers of eggs (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus) and adult mosquitoes were calculated at different weeks of trap deployment, pre-treatment (wk1-2), during-treatment (wk3-6), and post-treatment (wk7-8). There was a 72% reduction in both Aedes eggs in the two sites tested post-trap deployment, compared to pre-trap deployment. The mean numbers of eggs collected in the post-treatment, compared to pre-treatment showed that the In2Care traps had a higher reduction of mosquito oviposition (80%) than the AGO traps (23%). A total of 19 mosquito species included non container-inhabiting mosquitoes, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus, were collected by BG traps baited with BG lure and dry ice from the test sites. The species abundance varied between the two sites and collection weeks. The container-inhabiting mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were the major species. There was a significantly higher reduction in mosquito Aedes aegypti populations in the AGO (mean ± SE) (1.3 ± 1.7) and In2Care (4.9 ± 4.6) sites (X2= 20.13, P < 0.0001) post trap deployment, compared to pre-trap deployment. By week 8, the recovery rate of mosquito populations was highest in the In2Care trap site, followed by the AGO site. This result suggests that AGO traps were more effective than In2Care traps in reducing Ae. aegypti mosquito populations. For Ae. albopictus, the In2Care site had 100% reduction, and this was higher than the AGO site.
蚊虫控制项目利用具有成本效益的长期自杀诱捕器，针对容器蚊和其他蚊子种群的妊娠种群，目的是减少病媒种群和疾病传播风险。在美国佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁，我们直接比较了自杀妊娠诱蚊器(AGO)和In2Care诱蚊器的诱蚊效果。卵总数(埃及伊蚊和伊蚊);分别在诱蚊器布放、处理前(1-2周)、处理中(3-6周)和处理后(7-8周)对白纹伊蚊和成蚊进行计数。与部署诱蚊器前相比，部署诱蚊器后两个地点的伊蚊卵均减少了72%。与处理前相比，处理后收集的平均卵数表明，In2Care诱捕器对蚊子产卵的减少(80%)高于AGO诱捕器(23%)。非容器蚊、带喙伊蚊、致倦库蚊、库蚊共19种。用BG诱捕器在试验点用BG诱捕剂和干冰进行诱捕。不同地点和不同采集周的物种丰度存在差异。居住在容器中的蚊子，埃及伊蚊和伊蚊。白纹伊蚊为主要蚊种。诱蚊器部署后，AGO(平均±SE)(1.3±1.7)和In2Care(4.9±4.6)个站点的埃及伊蚊种群数量明显低于部署前(X2= 20.13, P < 0.0001)。第8周时，In2Care诱蚊器点蚊群回收率最高，AGO诱蚊器点次之。结果表明，AGO捕集器比In2Care捕集器在减少Ae方面更有效。埃及伊蚊种群。Ae。In2Care组白纹伊蚊感染率降低100%，高于AGO组。
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES MOSQUITOES IN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA","authors":"E. Khater, Dena Autry, M. Gaines, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130626","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito control programs are utilizing cost-effective long-term autocidal traps targeting the gravid population of container-inhabiting and other mosquito species, with the aim of reducing vector populations and disease transmission risk. In this field study we directly compared the efficacy of the Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) and In2Care mosquito traps in St. Augustine, Florida. Total numbers of eggs (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus) and adult mosquitoes were calculated at different weeks of trap deployment, pre-treatment (wk1-2), during-treatment (wk3-6), and post-treatment (wk7-8). There was a 72% reduction in both Aedes eggs in the two sites tested post-trap deployment, compared to pre-trap deployment. The mean numbers of eggs collected in the post-treatment, compared to pre-treatment showed that the In2Care traps had a higher reduction of mosquito oviposition (80%) than the AGO traps (23%). A total of 19 mosquito species included non container-inhabiting mosquitoes, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus, were collected by BG traps baited with BG lure and dry ice from the test sites. The species abundance varied between the two sites and collection weeks. The container-inhabiting mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were the major species. There was a significantly higher reduction in mosquito Aedes aegypti populations in the AGO (mean ± SE) (1.3 ± 1.7) and In2Care (4.9 ± 4.6) sites (X2= 20.13, P < 0.0001) post trap deployment, compared to pre-trap deployment. By week 8, the recovery rate of mosquito populations was highest in the In2Care trap site, followed by the AGO site. This result suggests that AGO traps were more effective than In2Care traps in reducing Ae. aegypti mosquito populations. For Ae. albopictus, the In2Care site had 100% reduction, and this was higher than the AGO site.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77819803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130641
T. Su
Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant threat to public health and the well-being of humans and animals. Often mosquito control is the only feasible way to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Biorational mosquito larvicides based on microbials and insect growth regulators (IGR) have been playing an irreplaceable role in integrated mosquito control worldwide. While the relative target specificity, non-target safety and environmentally friendly profile are well recognized in biorational larvicides, their risk of resistance and cross resistance must be taken into consideration in mosquito control operations. This paper provides a review of the resistance risk, historical and current status, and management tactics for the commonly used mosquito larvicides such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus, spinosad, methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and diflubenzuron. Bti poses the lowest risk of resistance and plays a unique role in resistance management. Various levels of resistance to B. sphaericus have been reported in both laboratory and field populations during the past decades worldwide. High level of resistance to spinosad has been documented recently in laboratory populations of Culex quinquefasciatus, followed by preliminary report from field populations of Cx. pipiens. As to resistance to IGRs, documentations on laboratory and/or field populations have become available since the early 1970s for methoprene and the 1990s for pyriproxyfen. The most recent report on resistance to diflubenzuron reconfirmed the earlier studies. The tactics to prevent resistance and restore the susceptibility in mosquitoes to these biorational larvicides have been developed and implemented in some cases, which is crucial to sustainable integrated mosquito management.
{"title":"RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT OF BIORATIONAL LARVICIDES FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL","authors":"T. Su","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130641","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant threat to public health and the well-being of humans and animals. Often mosquito control is the only feasible way to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Biorational mosquito larvicides based on microbials and insect growth regulators (IGR) have been playing an irreplaceable role in integrated mosquito control worldwide. While the relative target specificity, non-target safety and environmentally friendly profile are well recognized in biorational larvicides, their risk of resistance and cross resistance must be taken into consideration in mosquito control operations. This paper provides a review of the resistance risk, historical and current status, and management tactics for the commonly used mosquito larvicides such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus, spinosad, methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and diflubenzuron. Bti poses the lowest risk of resistance and plays a unique role in resistance management. Various levels of resistance to B. sphaericus have been reported in both laboratory and field populations during the past decades worldwide. High level of resistance to spinosad has been documented recently in laboratory populations of Culex quinquefasciatus, followed by preliminary report from field populations of Cx. pipiens. As to resistance to IGRs, documentations on laboratory and/or field populations have become available since the early 1970s for methoprene and the 1990s for pyriproxyfen. The most recent report on resistance to diflubenzuron reconfirmed the earlier studies. The tactics to prevent resistance and restore the susceptibility in mosquitoes to these biorational larvicides have been developed and implemented in some cases, which is crucial to sustainable integrated mosquito management.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89967611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130635
R. Xue, D. Kline, G. Muller, D. Barnard
Eleven different carbohydrates were evaluated to determine the behavioral response of adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse using an olfactometer. The carbohydrates used in the study are arabinose, fructose, glucose, maltose, melezitose, meliniose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, and turanose. The results showed that both species of mosquitoes regardless of the sex had significantly higher attraction to arabinose, maltose, meliniose, and trehalose than other 7 carbohydrates tested. Both sexes and both species responded to maltose and trehalose in considerable numbers, and the least responses were to sucrose except by male Ae. albopictus. These findings may provide insights to the development of more effective sugar-based toxic baits for the operational application in mosquito control programs.
{"title":"BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF ADULT ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS TO DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES IN AN OLFACTOMETER","authors":"R. Xue, D. Kline, G. Muller, D. Barnard","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130635","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven different carbohydrates were evaluated to determine the behavioral response of adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse using an olfactometer. The carbohydrates used in the study are arabinose, fructose, glucose, maltose, melezitose, meliniose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, and turanose. The results showed that both species of mosquitoes regardless of the sex had significantly higher attraction to arabinose, maltose, meliniose, and trehalose than other 7 carbohydrates tested. Both sexes and both species responded to maltose and trehalose in considerable numbers, and the least responses were to sucrose except by male Ae. albopictus. These findings may provide insights to the development of more effective sugar-based toxic baits for the operational application in mosquito control programs.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88812725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130624
W. Qualls, B. Moser, R. Pereira, R. Xue, P. Koehler
Four novel commercial insecticide mixtures, composed of pyrethroid and nicotinoid active ingredients, were evaluated in a series of experiments in the laboratory, semi-field and field to determine acute toxicity (LC50) against pyrethroid-susceptible (ORL1952) and resistant (Puerto Rico) strains of Aedes aegypti L., and non-target adult European honey bees, Apis mellifera L. The four products were Tandem, Temprid FX, Transport Mikron, and Crossfire. The acute toxicity data showed that pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti PR exhibited decreased sensitivity to all 4 insecticide mixtures, compared to pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti ORL1952. Tandem, Temprid FX, and Transport Mikron were more toxic to Ae. aegypti ORL1952 than to A. mellifera, but Crossfire was the least toxic. Transport Mikron was also more toxic to Ae. aegypti PR than to A. mellifera. The Honey bee Tolerance Indexes, determined with LC50 data of pyrethroid-susceptible mosquitoes, demonstrated that while Transport Mikron, Tandem, and Temprid FX were more toxic to Ae. aegypti ORL1952 than to A. mellifera, Crossfire was less toxic. The honey bee Tolerance Indexes decreased substantially when calculated with LC50 data from pyrethroid- resistant mosquitoes, but honey bees remained tolerant of Transport Mikron. Notably, while the insecticide mixtures did not control the PR resistant Ae. aegypti strain when applied as residual sprays to perimeter vegetation at label rates, susceptible Ae. aegypti ORL1951 were controlled, but applications affected honeybees (A. mellifera) for up to 28 days after treatment. Temprid FX resulted in 74% and 99% mortality, in adult Ae. aegypti ORL1952 and A. mellifera, respectively, for 28 days post-treatment. Transport Mikron and Tandem residues killed Ae. aegypti ORL1952 for up to 21 days post-treatment, while the effect of Crossfire lasted only 14 days. All three insecticides killed A. mellifera for up to 28 days post-treatment but at decreased mortality rates. For operational mosquito control, these data indicate that Transport Mikron has a reasonable safety margin (~25%) when targeting susceptible mosquitoes, compared to Tandem, Temprid FX, and Crossfire. The tested insecticide formulations need to be applied in higher doses to control resistant strains of mosquitoes that may be detrimental to honey bees. The ULV data indicated that pyrethroid resistance can be overcome with the insecticide mixtures.
{"title":"IMPACTS OF BARRIER INSECTICIDE MIXTURES ON MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI AND NON-TARGET HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA","authors":"W. Qualls, B. Moser, R. Pereira, R. Xue, P. Koehler","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130624","url":null,"abstract":"Four novel commercial insecticide mixtures, composed of pyrethroid and nicotinoid active ingredients, were evaluated in a series of experiments in the laboratory, semi-field and field to determine acute toxicity (LC50) against pyrethroid-susceptible (ORL1952) and resistant (Puerto Rico) strains of Aedes aegypti L., and non-target adult European honey bees, Apis mellifera L. The four products were Tandem, Temprid FX, Transport Mikron, and Crossfire. The acute toxicity data showed that pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti PR exhibited decreased sensitivity to all 4 insecticide mixtures, compared to pyrethroid-susceptible Ae. aegypti ORL1952. Tandem, Temprid FX, and Transport Mikron were more toxic to Ae. aegypti ORL1952 than to A. mellifera, but Crossfire was the least toxic. Transport Mikron was also more toxic to Ae. aegypti PR than to A. mellifera. The Honey bee Tolerance Indexes, determined with LC50 data of pyrethroid-susceptible mosquitoes, demonstrated that while Transport Mikron, Tandem, and Temprid FX were more toxic to Ae. aegypti ORL1952 than to A. mellifera, Crossfire was less toxic. The honey bee Tolerance Indexes decreased substantially when calculated with LC50 data from pyrethroid- resistant mosquitoes, but honey bees remained tolerant of Transport Mikron. Notably, while the insecticide mixtures did not control the PR resistant Ae. aegypti strain when applied as residual sprays to perimeter vegetation at label rates, susceptible Ae. aegypti ORL1951 were controlled, but applications affected honeybees (A. mellifera) for up to 28 days after treatment. Temprid FX resulted in 74% and 99% mortality, in adult Ae. aegypti ORL1952 and A. mellifera, respectively, for 28 days post-treatment. Transport Mikron and Tandem residues killed Ae. aegypti ORL1952 for up to 21 days post-treatment, while the effect of Crossfire lasted only 14 days. All three insecticides killed A. mellifera for up to 28 days post-treatment but at decreased mortality rates. For operational mosquito control, these data indicate that Transport Mikron has a reasonable safety margin (~25%) when targeting susceptible mosquitoes, compared to Tandem, Temprid FX, and Crossfire. The tested insecticide formulations need to be applied in higher doses to control resistant strains of mosquitoes that may be detrimental to honey bees. The ULV data indicated that pyrethroid resistance can be overcome with the insecticide mixtures.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88281016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130623
H. Sánchez-arroyo, V. Aryaprema, Bettina Moser, Roberto Pereira, P. Koehler, R. Xue
Application of permethrin products by ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying against the container-inhabiting mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been used for many years, but the impact of the insecticides on domesticated honey bees, Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) is still lacking. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the permethrin product, Aqualuer® 20-20 (active ingredient: 20.6% permethrin+20.6% Piperonyl butoxide) ULV sprays on caged Ae. albopictus and A. mellifera in open semi-field conditions with cages spaced at 3 m, 22.8 m, and 45.7 m downwind of the spray-truck path. The results indicated that ULV spray of Aqualuer 20-20 is highly effective against Ae. albopictus achieving 94% mortality at 22.8 m and 82% mortality up to 45.7 m downwind distance. The highest mortality of A. mellifera was only 72% at 3 m downwind distance, but the spray killed 42% of the exposed bees up to 45.7 m down the spray path. This semi-field study conducted during the day time indicates the high effectiveness of the ULV spray of permethrin against Ae. albopictus and its comparatively low impact on the direct exposed non-target honey bee, A. mellifera. Further studies designed to be conducted in the natural environment during its real-time operations following label instructions of the insecticide will help establish spraying guidelines to minimize any unfavorable impact on domesticated A. mellifera while having expected mortality effects on Ae. albopictus.
{"title":"SEMI–FIELD EVALUATION OF ULTRA-LOW VOLUME (ULV) GROUND SPRAY OF AQUALUER® 20-20 AGAINST CAGED AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND NON-TARGET HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA","authors":"H. Sánchez-arroyo, V. Aryaprema, Bettina Moser, Roberto Pereira, P. Koehler, R. Xue","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130623","url":null,"abstract":"Application of permethrin products by ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying against the container-inhabiting mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been used for many years, but the impact of the insecticides on domesticated honey bees, Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) is still lacking. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the permethrin product, Aqualuer® 20-20 (active ingredient: 20.6% permethrin+20.6% Piperonyl butoxide) ULV sprays on caged Ae. albopictus and A. mellifera in open semi-field conditions with cages spaced at 3 m, 22.8 m, and 45.7 m downwind of the spray-truck path. The results indicated that ULV spray of Aqualuer 20-20 is highly effective against Ae. albopictus achieving 94% mortality at 22.8 m and 82% mortality up to 45.7 m downwind distance. The highest mortality of A. mellifera was only 72% at 3 m downwind distance, but the spray killed 42% of the exposed bees up to 45.7 m down the spray path. This semi-field study conducted during the day time indicates the high effectiveness of the ULV spray of permethrin against Ae. albopictus and its comparatively low impact on the direct exposed non-target honey bee, A. mellifera. Further studies designed to be conducted in the natural environment during its real-time operations following label instructions of the insecticide will help establish spraying guidelines to minimize any unfavorable impact on domesticated A. mellifera while having expected mortality effects on Ae. albopictus.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79811910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130637
Muhammad Farooq, Kai Blore, R. Xue, K. Linthicum
The use of arthropod repellents is an important personal protective measure against vector-borne diseases. For contact repellents, the recommendation to apply repellents to all exposed skin could be relaxed if the repellent exhibits spatial repellency. In 2019, we evaluated four contact repellents containing a mixture of geraniol and soybean natural oils, N,N-diethyl- 3-methyl-benzamide (DEET), 2-(2hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidine carboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester (Picaridin), and p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) for their potential as spatial repellents against cohorts of irradiated and non-irradiated laboratory reared Aedes aegypti (L.) and irradiated Ae. aegypti females exposed to a radiation dose sufficient to sterilize (50 Gy). Evaluations were conducted in a modular wind tunnel, which provided mosquitoes the option to move within 15 minutes to the repellent side containing a repellent or to an attractant side containing BG lure. Mosquitoes on each side were counted and percent calculated based on the number of mosquitoes released for each test. The repellent containing PMD had significantly more non-irradiated mosquitoes on the attractant side than on the repellent side, indicating that it repelled non-irradiated mosquitoes. Picaridin had significantly more irradiated mosquitoes on the attractant side than on the repellent side indicating that it repelled irradiated mosquitoes. A minor change in behavior of irradiated and non-irradiated mosquitoes by these repellents can only create a false sense of protection. These results emphasize to strongly follow available guidance that the contact repellents tested in this study should be applied to all exposed skin.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL SPATIAL REPELLENCY OF CONTACT REPELLENTS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) IN A WIND TUNNEL","authors":"Muhammad Farooq, Kai Blore, R. Xue, K. Linthicum","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130637","url":null,"abstract":"The use of arthropod repellents is an important personal protective measure against vector-borne diseases. For contact repellents, the recommendation to apply repellents to all exposed skin could be relaxed if the repellent exhibits spatial repellency. In 2019, we evaluated four contact repellents containing a mixture of geraniol and soybean natural oils, N,N-diethyl- 3-methyl-benzamide (DEET), 2-(2hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidine carboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester (Picaridin), and p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) for their potential as spatial repellents against cohorts of irradiated and non-irradiated laboratory reared Aedes aegypti (L.) and irradiated Ae. aegypti females exposed to a radiation dose sufficient to sterilize (50 Gy). Evaluations were conducted in a modular wind tunnel, which provided mosquitoes the option to move within 15 minutes to the repellent side containing a repellent or to an attractant side containing BG lure. Mosquitoes on each side were counted and percent calculated based on the number of mosquitoes released for each test. The repellent containing PMD had significantly more non-irradiated mosquitoes on the attractant side than on the repellent side, indicating that it repelled non-irradiated mosquitoes. Picaridin had significantly more irradiated mosquitoes on the attractant side than on the repellent side indicating that it repelled irradiated mosquitoes. A minor change in behavior of irradiated and non-irradiated mosquitoes by these repellents can only create a false sense of protection. These results emphasize to strongly follow available guidance that the contact repellents tested in this study should be applied to all exposed skin.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72630901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130625
R. Xue, G. Muller, M. Debboun
The experimental piperidine compounds 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl) piperidine (AI3-35765), and N, N-diethyl -3- methylbenzamide (DEET) were evaluated for the persistence of repellency against laboratory-reared Aedes albopictus Skuse and Culex nigripalpus Theobald using a modified dose-persistence test procedure on human volunteers. The protection time (hours) provided by the tested repellent compounds against the two species of mosquitoes were proportional to the dose applied. Overall, higher application rates of each repellent compound were found to provide longer mean duration of protection from bites (MDPB) of the two species of mosquitoes. The repellent DEET tested against each mosquito species provided better protection time than the experimental repellent compounds AI3-37220 and AI3-35765. The three repellent compounds at 20 and 25% application rates provided the MDPB of Ae. albopictus for 5-8 hours and at 5, 10 and 15% provided the MDPB of Cx. nigripalpus for 5-7 hours. The MDPB provided by the three repellent compounds against Cx. nigripalpus was longer than that against Ae. albopictus. Also, the MDPB provided by each tested repellent compound varied from the individual human volunteer.
{"title":"DOSE-PERSISTENCE RELATIONSHIP OF THREE TOPICAL REPELLENT COMPOUNDS AGAINST AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND CULEX NIGRIPALPUS","authors":"R. Xue, G. Muller, M. Debboun","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130625","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental piperidine compounds 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl) piperidine (AI3-35765), and N, N-diethyl -3- methylbenzamide (DEET) were evaluated for the persistence of repellency against laboratory-reared Aedes albopictus Skuse and Culex nigripalpus Theobald using a modified dose-persistence test procedure on human volunteers. The protection time (hours) provided by the tested repellent compounds against the two species of mosquitoes were proportional to the dose applied. Overall, higher application rates of each repellent compound were found to provide longer mean duration of protection from bites (MDPB) of the two species of mosquitoes. The repellent DEET tested against each mosquito species provided better protection time than the experimental repellent compounds AI3-37220 and AI3-35765. The three repellent compounds at 20 and 25% application rates provided the MDPB of Ae. albopictus for 5-8 hours and at 5, 10 and 15% provided the MDPB of Cx. nigripalpus for 5-7 hours. The MDPB provided by the three repellent compounds against Cx. nigripalpus was longer than that against Ae. albopictus. Also, the MDPB provided by each tested repellent compound varied from the individual human volunteer.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74893926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130633
S. Peper
The control of arboviruses is aided by surveillance programs. The use of sentinel chickens is a commonly used surveillance tool with operational benefits for mosquito control. However, sentinel chicken programs have associated costs related to animal husbandry, sample collection, and for out-sourced testing such as shipping costs. This study investigated the impact of eliminating cold shipping conditions often required for shipping samples to outside laboratories. Storage of sentinel chicken samples at room temperature (22℃) and 50℃ for up to 6 days post blood draw and serum separation showed no difference in the reportable results with a commercially available competitive ELISA assay despite there being significant differences among some of the temperatures/days post blood draw. Eliminating the need for cold shipping conditions and the need for overnight shipping may reduce costs for mosquito control program.
{"title":"STABILITY OF SENTINEL CHICKEN SERUM AT DIFFERING TEMPERATURES FOR WEST NILE VIRUS DETECTION","authors":"S. Peper","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130633","url":null,"abstract":"The control of arboviruses is aided by surveillance programs. The use of sentinel chickens is a commonly used surveillance tool with operational benefits for mosquito control. However, sentinel chicken programs have associated costs related to animal husbandry, sample collection, and for out-sourced testing such as shipping costs. This study investigated the impact of eliminating cold shipping conditions often required for shipping samples to outside laboratories. Storage of sentinel chicken samples at room temperature (22℃) and 50℃ for up to 6 days post blood draw and serum separation showed no difference in the reportable results with a commercially available competitive ELISA assay despite there being significant differences among some of the temperatures/days post blood draw. Eliminating the need for cold shipping conditions and the need for overnight shipping may reduce costs for mosquito control program.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74368367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130640
D. Carlson, Cecily Draper, M. Call, Donald Powers, David Brown, P. Dale
This opinion paper was written at the editor’s invitation to provide insights on the use of chemicals for mosquito control. Because this topic is of international significance, mosquito control workers from several locations in the U.S. and Australia are included as co-authors, including an industry representative. The categories addressed include geographical differences, public perceptions, toolbox challenges, regulations, resistance, exotic vectors/pathogens, along with looking to the future. This paper will benefit the readers by demonstrating how these topics of importance to mosquito control are viewed in several diverse geographic locations.
{"title":"USING CHEMICALS TO CONTROL MOSQUITOES IN THE 21ST CENTURY: SOME OBSERVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN THE U.S. AND AUSTRALIA","authors":"D. Carlson, Cecily Draper, M. Call, Donald Powers, David Brown, P. Dale","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130640","url":null,"abstract":"This opinion paper was written at the editor’s invitation to provide insights on the use of chemicals for mosquito control. Because this topic is of international significance, mosquito control workers from several locations in the U.S. and Australia are included as co-authors, including an industry representative. The categories addressed include geographical differences, public perceptions, toolbox challenges, regulations, resistance, exotic vectors/pathogens, along with looking to the future. This paper will benefit the readers by demonstrating how these topics of importance to mosquito control are viewed in several diverse geographic locations.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81728942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130621
Kara Tyler-Julian, L. Reeves, A. Lloyd, D. Hoel
Recent introductions of mosquito species new to Florida, and range expansions of other species throughout the state, have many mosquito control personnel on alert for discovery of new species in their area. Adult mosquito specimens collected in traps are a common method of detecting new species, but larval surveillance can be important as well. Larval surveillance in Lee County, Florida has increased over the past two years, and samples collected in the 2021 summer season revealed first-time records of two species new to the county: Aedes pertinax and Culex interrogator. Morphological and genetic methods were used to identify these two species new to the county. These species may have been present in Lee County in years past, but without these larval samples, they might have continued to go undetected due to their similar appearance to more commonly-occurring species.
{"title":"AEDES PERTINAX AND CULEX INTERROGATOR: TWO MOSQUITO SPECIES NEW TO LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA","authors":"Kara Tyler-Julian, L. Reeves, A. Lloyd, D. Hoel","doi":"10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v69i1.130621","url":null,"abstract":"Recent introductions of mosquito species new to Florida, and range expansions of other species throughout the state, have many mosquito control personnel on alert for discovery of new species in their area. Adult mosquito specimens collected in traps are a common method of detecting new species, but larval surveillance can be important as well. Larval surveillance in Lee County, Florida has increased over the past two years, and samples collected in the 2021 summer season revealed first-time records of two species new to the county: Aedes pertinax and Culex interrogator. Morphological and genetic methods were used to identify these two species new to the county. These species may have been present in Lee County in years past, but without these larval samples, they might have continued to go undetected due to their similar appearance to more commonly-occurring species.","PeriodicalId":17272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association","volume":"3 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90801751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：