Pub Date : 2016-11-28DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2061
T. Patrice, B. Rozec, A. Sidoroff, Y. Blanloeil
Cancers induce oxidative stress at any step of their development from induction to progression as well as treatments themselves. The individual has to adapt permanently to oxidative stress changes by the mean of modifying energy production something that in turn modifies oxidative stress. To help maintaining homeostasis it had been proposed to supplement cancer patients by exogenously given antioxidants. However we demonstrated that both oxidative stress and anti-oxidative response vary non linearly during cancer growth, the resulting antioxidant status differing also from one patient to the other. This suggests that oxidative stress and drugs aimed at restoring oxidative homeostasis should be monitored all along the patient care. We describe a new technology using singlet oxygen as a source of oxidants that demonstrates both experimentally and in patients the above statements during the course of NSCLC growth. We analyze and propose hypotheses linking experimental and clinical results obtained.
{"title":"Influence of NSCLC on secondary oxygen species production in animal or patient sera","authors":"T. Patrice, B. Rozec, A. Sidoroff, Y. Blanloeil","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2061","url":null,"abstract":"Cancers induce oxidative stress at any step of their development from induction to progression as well as treatments themselves. The individual has to adapt permanently to oxidative stress changes by the mean of modifying energy production something that in turn modifies oxidative stress. To help maintaining homeostasis it had been proposed to supplement cancer patients by exogenously given antioxidants. However we demonstrated that both oxidative stress and anti-oxidative response vary non linearly during cancer growth, the resulting antioxidant status differing also from one patient to the other. This suggests that oxidative stress and drugs aimed at restoring oxidative homeostasis should be monitored all along the patient care. We describe a new technology using singlet oxygen as a source of oxidants that demonstrates both experimentally and in patients the above statements during the course of NSCLC growth. We analyze and propose hypotheses linking experimental and clinical results obtained.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79944490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-22DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2059
A. Perkins, J. Fischer, J. Vanderlelie
Selenium is a key dietary micronutrient, essential for a wide range of physiological functions. The incorporation of selenium in place of sulphur to form the amino acid selenocysteine is fundamental for the synthesis of selenoproteins and reliant on dietary intake. A significant body of work has identified 25 selenoproteins with important roles in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis and regulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis. The upregulation of selenoproteins have been associated with the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through increased antioxidant function, decreased inflammatory responses and increased respiratory function within the electron transport chain of mitochondria. These mechanisms are important in supporting muscular function, cardiovascular health, reproduction and the prevention of neurological degeneration. This review collates the evidence of interactions between selenoproteins, mitochondrial function and diseases with pathophysiological mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effect of selenium supplementation and selenoprotein upregulation may provide the platform for the development of novel treatments to reduce the burden of diseases characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
{"title":"Role of Selenium and Selenoproteins in mitochondrial function and disease","authors":"A. Perkins, J. Fischer, J. Vanderlelie","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I5_2059","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium is a key dietary micronutrient, essential for a wide range of physiological functions. The incorporation of selenium in place of sulphur to form the amino acid selenocysteine is fundamental for the synthesis of selenoproteins and reliant on dietary intake. A significant body of work has identified 25 selenoproteins with important roles in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis and regulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis. The upregulation of selenoproteins have been associated with the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through increased antioxidant function, decreased inflammatory responses and increased respiratory function within the electron transport chain of mitochondria. These mechanisms are important in supporting muscular function, cardiovascular health, reproduction and the prevention of neurological degeneration. This review collates the evidence of interactions between selenoproteins, mitochondrial function and diseases with pathophysiological mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effect of selenium supplementation and selenoprotein upregulation may provide the platform for the development of novel treatments to reduce the burden of diseases characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89547284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1412
P. Valentão
Nature has been a prolific source of interesting compounds for many years. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in both terrestrial and marine organisms. They are grouped in several classes resulting from acetate and/or shikimate pathways, being recognized for having a wide array of biological properties. Nevertheless, the exploitation of many plant materials and marine organisms as sources of these compounds is still reduced, due to the lack of popularity or commercial interest. The suitable extraction procedure depends on the class of compounds and on the matrix in which they are contained. Case studies, involving different procedures to obtain bioactive natural extracts enriched in phenolic compounds from distinct classes, will be focused. Terrestrial and marine-derived extracts, containing phlorotannins, flavonoids and cinnamoyl derivatives, and their interference in SNC and gastrointestinal disorders, skin aging and fungal infections will be presented.
{"title":"Extracting polyphenols: trying to get the best","authors":"P. Valentão","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1412","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has been a prolific source of interesting compounds for many years. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in both terrestrial and marine organisms. They are grouped in several classes resulting from acetate and/or shikimate pathways, being recognized for having a wide array of biological properties. Nevertheless, the exploitation of many plant materials and marine organisms as sources of these compounds is still reduced, due to the lack of popularity or commercial interest. The suitable extraction procedure depends on the class of compounds and on the matrix in which they are contained. Case studies, involving different procedures to obtain bioactive natural extracts enriched in phenolic compounds from distinct classes, will be focused. Terrestrial and marine-derived extracts, containing phlorotannins, flavonoids and cinnamoyl derivatives, and their interference in SNC and gastrointestinal disorders, skin aging and fungal infections will be presented.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78144409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1428
I. Hargittai
In this invited presentation, I will attempt to give a bird’s eye view of the relationship between Hungary and science. A group of aristocrats founded the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1825. Following the defeated Revolution and War for Independence of 1848‒49 and the ensuing suppression, the Compromise with the Habsburgs in 1867 opened an era of unprecedented progress in Hungary. One of its products was an outstanding network of high schools (secondary schools), cradles of creativity, whose graduates eventually earned Nobel Prizes and enriched world culture and science. World War I, the revolutions, and the autocratic and anti-Semitic Horthy era (1920‒1944) resulted in an exodus of talent and the Holocaust further decimated the country’s scientific potentials. Then, the oppressive Soviet-style political system was moving toward gradually relaxing restrictions, and allowed a certain degree of productivity in science (1948‒1989). Two decades of fledgling democracy (1990‒2010) brought about increasing competition for science for the best talents among several fields. Sadly, the current autocratic governance has caused another exodus of talent. Low-level of support for science has been characteristic for a long time in contrast with the plethora of scientific achievements, but the latter is a sum of performance at home and abroad. It is already a century that both resident and emigre scientists have been winning well-deserved recognition for their exceptional contributions. For illustration, let us have a few names. Janos Bolyai expanded geometry beyond its Euclidean foundations. Ignac Semmelweis—the “Savior of Mothers”—was a founder of medicinal antisepsis. Lorand Eotvos constructed his famous pendulum and paved the way for the theory of general relativity. George de Hevesy used radioactive labeling to follow chemical and biochemical processes. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi made fundamental discoveries in biochemical energetics. George A. Olah induced the un-reactive covalent bond to become reactive in super- acidic environment. The “Martians of Science,” Theodore von Karman, Leo Szilard, Eugene P. Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller, in addition to making fundamental discoveries in the physical sciences and computation, defended the Free World against totalitarian regimes. The list could be continued; and take one more example from a far away endeavor: Bela Bartok was not only a composer and concert pianist, but a great scholar in musicology.
在这次受邀演讲中，我将尝试对匈牙利与科学之间的关系给出一个鸟瞰图。一群贵族于1825年创立了匈牙利科学院。在1848-49年的革命和独立战争失败以及随后的镇压之后，1867年与哈布斯堡王朝的妥协开启了匈牙利前所未有的进步时代。它的成果之一是一个杰出的高中(中学)网络，创造力的摇篮，其毕业生最终获得了诺贝尔奖，丰富了世界文化和科学。第一次世界大战、革命以及独裁和反犹太的霍尔蒂时代(1920-1944)导致人才外流，大屠杀进一步摧毁了该国的科学潜力。然后，压迫性的苏联式政治体制逐渐放宽限制，并允许一定程度的科学生产力(1948-1989)。20年的新兴民主(1990-2010)带来了对几个领域中最优秀人才的科学竞争日益激烈。可悲的是，目前的独裁统治导致了又一次人才外流。长期以来，我国科技支持水平偏低与科技成果过剩形成鲜明对比，但科技成果过剩是国内外表现的总和。一个世纪以来，本地科学家和移居国外的科学家都因他们的杰出贡献赢得了当之无愧的认可。为了说明，让我们有几个名字。亚诺斯·波耶将几何学扩展到欧几里得基础之外。Ignac semmelweis——“母亲的救世主”——是药物防腐术的创始人。罗兰·厄特沃斯建造了他著名的钟摆，为广义相对论铺平了道路。乔治·德·赫韦西使用放射性标签来跟踪化学和生化过程。圣乔治在生物化学能量学方面有了根本性的发现。George A. Olah诱导非活性共价键在超酸性环境中变得具有活性。“科学的火星人”西奥多·冯·卡门、利奥·西拉德、尤金·p·维格纳、约翰·冯·诺伊曼和爱德华·泰勒除了在物理科学和计算方面做出了根本性的发现外，还捍卫了自由世界，反对极权主义政权。这个名单还可以继续;再举一个遥远的例子:贝拉·巴托克(Bela Bartok)不仅是一位作曲家和音乐会钢琴家，还是一位伟大的音乐学学者。
{"title":"SCIENCE IN HUNGARY and HUNGARY IN SCIENCE","authors":"I. Hargittai","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1428","url":null,"abstract":"In this invited presentation, I will attempt to give a bird’s eye view of the relationship between Hungary and science. A group of aristocrats founded the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1825. Following the defeated Revolution and War for Independence of 1848‒49 and the ensuing suppression, the Compromise with the Habsburgs in 1867 opened an era of unprecedented progress in Hungary. One of its products was an outstanding network of high schools (secondary schools), cradles of creativity, whose graduates eventually earned Nobel Prizes and enriched world culture and science. World War I, the revolutions, and the autocratic and anti-Semitic Horthy era (1920‒1944) resulted in an exodus of talent and the Holocaust further decimated the country’s scientific potentials. Then, the oppressive Soviet-style political system was moving toward gradually relaxing restrictions, and allowed a certain degree of productivity in science (1948‒1989). Two decades of fledgling democracy (1990‒2010) brought about increasing competition for science for the best talents among several fields. Sadly, the current autocratic governance has caused another exodus of talent. Low-level of support for science has been characteristic for a long time in contrast with the plethora of scientific achievements, but the latter is a sum of performance at home and abroad. It is already a century that both resident and emigre scientists have been winning well-deserved recognition for their exceptional contributions. For illustration, let us have a few names. Janos Bolyai expanded geometry beyond its Euclidean foundations. Ignac Semmelweis—the “Savior of Mothers”—was a founder of medicinal antisepsis. Lorand Eotvos constructed his famous pendulum and paved the way for the theory of general relativity. George de Hevesy used radioactive labeling to follow chemical and biochemical processes. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi made fundamental discoveries in biochemical energetics. George A. Olah induced the un-reactive covalent bond to become reactive in super- acidic environment. The “Martians of Science,” Theodore von Karman, Leo Szilard, Eugene P. Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller, in addition to making fundamental discoveries in the physical sciences and computation, defended the Free World against totalitarian regimes. The list could be continued; and take one more example from a far away endeavor: Bela Bartok was not only a composer and concert pianist, but a great scholar in musicology.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86170558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1433
C. Schalkwijk
The development of obesity is one of the largest health problems worldwide. We and others have recently demonstrated that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in adipose tissue, and that they contribute to complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via an inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue. We recently investigated the effect of a delayed PM intervention on metabolic and vascular function in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We found that PM-treated, HFD-induced obese mice had reduced body weight gain, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, as compared to those who were not treated with PM. Furthermore, PM treatment inhibited the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipogenesis of murine 3T3-L1 and human SGBS preadipocytes was dose-dependently reduced by PM treatment. The high expression of pro-inflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of the HFD group was significantly attenuated by PM. In both HFD-induced and db/db obese mice, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were prevented by supplementation with PM. Moreover, PM treatment partially prevented HFD-induced mild vascular dysfunction. In conclusion, we will discuss AGEs in obesity and will demonstrate that a delayed intervention with PM is associated with an improvement of several aspects of obesity, including metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. These findings indicate that PM may be a potential novel intervention strategy for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and complications.
{"title":"DELAYED INTERVENTION WITH PYRIDOXAMINE IMPROVES METABOLIC FUNCTION AND PREVENTS ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION AND INSULIN RESISTANCE","authors":"C. Schalkwijk","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1433","url":null,"abstract":"The development of obesity is one of the largest health problems worldwide. We and others have recently demonstrated that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in adipose tissue, and that they contribute to complications such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via an inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue. We recently investigated the effect of a delayed PM intervention on metabolic and vascular function in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We found that PM-treated, HFD-induced obese mice had reduced body weight gain, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, as compared to those who were not treated with PM. Furthermore, PM treatment inhibited the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipogenesis of murine 3T3-L1 and human SGBS preadipocytes was dose-dependently reduced by PM treatment. The high expression of pro-inflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of the HFD group was significantly attenuated by PM. In both HFD-induced and db/db obese mice, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were prevented by supplementation with PM. Moreover, PM treatment partially prevented HFD-induced mild vascular dysfunction.\u0000In conclusion, we will discuss AGEs in obesity and will demonstrate that a delayed intervention with PM is associated with an improvement of several aspects of obesity, including metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. These findings indicate that PM may be a potential novel intervention strategy for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and complications.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86424664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1425
T. Vasconcelos
Polyphenols are interesting compounds that present several difficulties in oral administration. The proposed presentation intends to highlight the challenges of developing pharmaceutical products containing Polyphenols. In particular, drug delivery approaches that can be used to overcome and/ or potentiate the Polyphenols drug properties will be presented.
{"title":"INDUSTRIAL DOSAGE FORMS TO IMPROVETHE ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF RESVERATROL","authors":"T. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1425","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenols are interesting compounds that present several difficulties in oral administration. The proposed presentation intends to highlight the challenges of developing pharmaceutical products containing Polyphenols.\u0000In particular, drug delivery approaches that can be used to overcome and/ or potentiate the Polyphenols drug properties will be presented.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86970305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1458
L. Marrot
Atmospheric pollution is a serious health concern and particulate matter (PM) from combustion is considered as particularly deleterious. In fact, ultrafine particles smaller than 100 nM in size contain toxic compounds such as poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) adsorbed at their surface. Moreover, they can translocate from lung capillaries to blood circulation and be distributed in the whole body. Up to now, no precise estimation of pollutants in living skin is available, but plasma concentration can reach nanomolar range. Contamination of dermis and epidermis, either by penetration from skin surface or by systemic exposure, is highly probable since PAH can be found in cortex of human hair follicle. Some PAH are photo- reactive and phototoxic: sunlight and pollution might thus synergistically compromise skin health. After summing up current knowledge about dermatological damage induced by pollution, experimental data obtained in vitro using normal human keratinocytes or reconstructed epidermis will be presented. At very low concentrations (in the nanomolar range), some PAH such as benzopyrene or indenopyrene displayed a strong phototoxicity under exposure to daily UV (300-400 nm) and also to UVA1 (340-400 nm). Even when cytotoxicity was low, PAH- induced photo-oxidative stress could impair mitochondrial function (membrane polarization and ATP production) and impacted endogenous glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Interestingly, among genes controlling GSH metabolism, SLC7A11 was particularly overexpressed (at gene and protein levels). This protein is an antiporter in charge of cystine supply. SLC7A11 upregulation suggests that regeneration of GSH might be of huge importance to ensure protection against “photo-pollution” stress. As proof, pretreatment of cells by buthionine sulfoximine BSO, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, significantly increased PAH-induced phototoxicity. Our results highlight that pollutants could aggravate skin photodamage: specific photoprotection strategies for skin care in polluted area will be discussed.
{"title":"CUTANEOUS OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY POLLUTION (PARTICULATE MATTER) AND ITS AGGRAVATION BY ENVIRONMENTAL ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION (UV)","authors":"L. Marrot","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1458","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric pollution is a serious health concern and particulate matter (PM) from combustion is considered as particularly deleterious. In fact, ultrafine particles smaller than 100 nM in size contain toxic compounds such as poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) adsorbed at their surface. Moreover, they can translocate from lung capillaries to blood circulation and be distributed in the whole body.\u0000Up to now, no precise estimation of pollutants in living skin is available, but plasma concentration can reach nanomolar range. Contamination of dermis and epidermis, either by penetration from skin surface or by systemic exposure, is highly probable since PAH can be found in cortex of human hair follicle. Some PAH are photo- reactive and phototoxic: sunlight and pollution might thus synergistically compromise skin health. After summing up current knowledge about dermatological damage induced by pollution, experimental data obtained in vitro using normal human keratinocytes or reconstructed epidermis will be presented. At very low concentrations (in the nanomolar range), some PAH such as benzopyrene or indenopyrene displayed a strong phototoxicity under exposure to daily UV (300-400 nm) and also to UVA1 (340-400 nm). Even when cytotoxicity was low, PAH- induced photo-oxidative stress could impair mitochondrial function (membrane polarization and ATP production) and impacted endogenous glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Interestingly, among genes controlling GSH metabolism, SLC7A11 was particularly overexpressed (at gene and protein levels). This protein is an antiporter in charge of cystine supply. SLC7A11 upregulation suggests that regeneration of GSH might be of huge importance to ensure protection against “photo-pollution” stress. As proof, pretreatment of cells by buthionine sulfoximine BSO, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, significantly increased PAH-induced phototoxicity.\u0000Our results highlight that pollutants could aggravate skin photodamage: specific photoprotection strategies for skin care in polluted area will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1429
L. Robert, J. Labat-robert
Redox processes play an important role in Biochemistry but they are also involved in the generation of a variety of pathologies. Organic chemists as Hans von Euler realised the importance of redox processes. He described strongly reducing molecules called « reduktones » and « reduktonates » examplified by Triose reduktone and also ascorbic acid discovered at about the same time by Szent-Gyorgyi. The possibility and importance of single electron transfer creating Free Radicals did not penetrate organic chemistry at the same time although discovered by physical chemists in the late years of the XIXth century, one example is the Fenton reaction (1894) and the Maillard reaction (1912). To a large part, the chemistry and biology of redox processes are based on the exceptional properties of oxygen which will be reviewed. The age-dependent increase of vascular pathology is also an example which will be discussed. The degradation of Elastin liberates elastin peptides which activate the elastin receptor with release of elastases and Free Radicals. Elastin peptides produce oxidative burst on monocytes with Free Radical release and apoptotic cell death. The presence of the Elastin receptor on fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells further confirms the importance of these processes in age-related vascular pathologies.
{"title":"INTRODUCTORY LECTURE: THE HISTORY OF REDOX BIOLOGY, FROM « REDUKTONE » OF HANS VON EULER TO FREE RADICALS EXAMPLIFIED BY THE MAILLARD REACTION, THE ELASTIN RECEPTOR AND ATHEROGENESIS","authors":"L. Robert, J. Labat-robert","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1429","url":null,"abstract":"Redox processes play an important role in Biochemistry but they are also involved in the generation of a variety of pathologies. Organic chemists as Hans von Euler realised the importance of redox processes. He described strongly reducing molecules called « reduktones » and « reduktonates » examplified by Triose reduktone and also ascorbic acid discovered at about the same time by Szent-Gyorgyi. The possibility and importance of single electron transfer creating Free Radicals did not penetrate organic chemistry at the same time although discovered by physical chemists in the late years of the XIXth century, one example is the Fenton reaction (1894) and the Maillard reaction (1912). To a large part, the chemistry and biology of redox processes are based on the exceptional properties of oxygen which will be reviewed. The age-dependent increase of vascular pathology is also an example which will be discussed. The degradation of Elastin liberates elastin peptides which activate the elastin receptor with release of elastases and Free Radicals. Elastin peptides produce oxidative burst on monocytes with Free Radical release and apoptotic cell death. The presence of the Elastin receptor on fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells further confirms the importance of these processes in age-related vascular pathologies.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87187882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1419
F. Martel
One of the cancer molecular hallmarks is a deviant energetic metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, whereby the rate of glucose uptake is significantly increased and a high rate of glycolysis and lactic acid production occurs even when oxygen is present. Accordingly, GLUT1 and MCT1, which are the main glucose and lactate membrane transporters in cancer cells, respectively, have been proposed as oncogenes and are currently seen as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Polyphenols are associated with a protective role against cancer. In relation to breast cancer, several mechanisms of action of polyphenols are known to contribute to their anticarcinogenic effect, including modulation of intracellular signaling, induction of apoptosis or epigenetic alterations. Additionally, several polyphenols are able to inhibit glucose transport in breast cancer cell lines; interestingly enough, an association between inhibition of glucose cellular uptake and their anticarcinogenic effect has been described. Also, some polyphenols are able to inhibit lactate transport. Importantly, some polyphenols behave as inhibitors of both glucose and lactate cellular uptake by breast cancer cells. These compounds are thus very interesting in the context of a chemopreventive effect, because they deplete breast cancer cells of their two most important energy sources. So, the antimetabolic effect of polyphenols should be regarded as a mechanism of action contributing to their chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic potential in relation to breast cancer.
{"title":"EFFECT OF POLYPHENOLS ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY BREAST CANCER CELLS:A NEW POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH?","authors":"F. Martel","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1419","url":null,"abstract":"One of the cancer molecular hallmarks is a deviant energetic metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, whereby the rate of glucose uptake is significantly increased and a high rate of glycolysis and lactic acid production occurs even when oxygen is present.\u0000Accordingly, GLUT1 and MCT1, which are the main glucose and lactate membrane transporters in cancer cells, respectively, have been proposed as oncogenes and are currently seen as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Polyphenols are associated with a protective role against cancer. In relation to breast cancer, several mechanisms of action of polyphenols are known to contribute to their anticarcinogenic effect, including modulation of intracellular signaling, induction of apoptosis or epigenetic alterations. Additionally, several polyphenols are able to inhibit glucose transport in breast cancer cell lines; interestingly enough, an association between inhibition of glucose cellular uptake and their anticarcinogenic effect has been described. Also, some polyphenols are able to inhibit lactate transport. Importantly, some polyphenols behave as inhibitors of both glucose and lactate cellular uptake by breast cancer cells.\u0000These compounds are thus very interesting in the context of a chemopreventive effect, because they deplete breast cancer cells of their two most important energy sources. So, the antimetabolic effect of polyphenols should be regarded as a mechanism of action contributing to their chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic potential in relation to breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1409
H. Humpf
Procyanidins are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and they can be found in a large number of foods including various fruits. The daily consumption is estimated to be in the range of approximately 50 mg. Procyanidins are described to exhibit beneficial health effects, however the knowledge about their absorption and metabolic fate is rather limited. To study the systemic absorption and metabolism of procyanidins a kinetic study with pigs was performed as they have a gastro-intestinal tract very similar to humans. After oral application of a procyanidin extract or a single dose of pure procyanidin B4 to pigs urine and plasma samples were collected and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The results clearly indicate the absorption of low molecular weight procyanidins (dimers and trimers) in the nanomolar range and their metabolism to small phenolic degradation products during the passage of the gastro-intestinal tract.
{"title":"SYSTEMIC ABSORPTION, METABOLISM, AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF DIETARY PROCYANIDINS IN PIGS","authors":"H. Humpf","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1409","url":null,"abstract":"Procyanidins are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and they can be found in a large number of foods including various fruits. The daily consumption is estimated to be in the range of approximately 50 mg. Procyanidins are described to exhibit beneficial health effects, however the knowledge about their absorption and metabolic fate is rather limited. To study the systemic absorption and metabolism of procyanidins a kinetic study with pigs was performed as they have a gastro-intestinal tract very similar to humans. After oral application of a procyanidin extract or a single dose of pure procyanidin B4 to pigs urine and plasma samples were collected and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The results clearly indicate the absorption of low molecular weight procyanidins (dimers and trimers) in the nanomolar range and their metabolism to small phenolic degradation products during the passage of the gastro-intestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"459 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79811292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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