Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1437
F. Rigoldi
Literature data have evidenced the diet-induced accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) associated to several dysmetabolic conditions, as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We have recently reported in different animal models of diet-induced metabolic disorders the causal link between AGEs and the dysregulated activation of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1c. We have thus analyzed in different target tissues of dysmetabolism the effect of the AGEs/SREBP1c axis overactivation on selective pathways involved in the antioxidant and inflammatory response, as well as in structural and metabolic adaptation. Our most recent findings have demonstrated that the inhibition of AGEs production by the administration of the anti- glycative compound pyridoxamine to mice fed a high-fat or high-fructose diet is able to prevent the AGEs/SREBP1c-depending impairments.
{"title":"DIET-INDUCED ACCUMULATION OF AGES CONTRIBUTE TO METABOLIC DISEASES ONSET BY INTERFERING WITH SREBP-1C ACTIVITY","authors":"F. Rigoldi","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1437","url":null,"abstract":"Literature data have evidenced the diet-induced accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) associated to several dysmetabolic conditions, as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We have recently reported in different animal models of diet-induced metabolic disorders the causal link between AGEs and the dysregulated activation of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1c. We have thus analyzed in different target tissues of dysmetabolism the effect of the AGEs/SREBP1c axis overactivation on selective pathways involved in the antioxidant and inflammatory response, as well as in structural and metabolic adaptation. Our most recent findings have demonstrated that the inhibition of AGEs production by the administration of the anti- glycative compound pyridoxamine to mice fed a high-fat or high-fructose diet is able to prevent the AGEs/SREBP1c-depending impairments.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78976719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1452
J. Drevet, R. Aitken, Alfonso Gutierez-Adan, P. Gharagozloo
Gamete nuclear integrity is the most critical parameter to ensure complete and harmonious embryonic development. It is also a major contributor to the health and wellbeing of the progeny. The most frequent sperm DNA alteration in natural as well as in assisted reproduction involves an oxidative attack, leading to the formation of oxidized base adducts such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Oxidative alterations of the paternal genome that are not efficiently repaired by the oocyte or not compensated by the maternal genome emphasize the risk of trans-generational effects that may be increased when fertilization involves such spermatozoa showing high oxidative DNA damage. It may partly explain the low efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies. We will show here that oral antioxidant supplementation using a well-designed formulation significantly reduces sperm DNA damage (SDD) in GPX-5 knockout mice and restores pregnancy rates almost back to normal levels in mice subjected to Scrotal Heat Stress (SHS). These results, if confirmed in humans, might impact clinical fertility practice since current clinical studies confirm moderate to severe SDD in about 60% of all men visiting IVF centers and in about 80% of men diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility, figures which are gravely concerning. Antioxidant supplementation could be an adjuvant therapy prior to undertaking ART procedures to improve fertilization rates, maintain a healthy pregnancy, and reduce de novo sporadic mutations being passed onto children.
{"title":"PRE-CLINICAL EVIDENCES THAT ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION CORRECTS SPERM DNA OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND IMPROVES REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS","authors":"J. Drevet, R. Aitken, Alfonso Gutierez-Adan, P. Gharagozloo","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1452","url":null,"abstract":"Gamete nuclear integrity is the most critical parameter to ensure complete and harmonious embryonic development. It is also a major contributor to the health and wellbeing of the progeny. The most frequent sperm DNA alteration in natural as well as in assisted reproduction involves an oxidative attack, leading to the formation of oxidized base adducts such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Oxidative alterations of the paternal genome that are not efficiently repaired by the oocyte or not compensated by the maternal genome emphasize the risk of trans-generational effects that may be increased when fertilization involves such spermatozoa showing high oxidative DNA damage. It may partly explain the low efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies. We will show here that oral antioxidant supplementation using a well-designed formulation significantly reduces sperm DNA damage (SDD) in GPX-5 knockout mice and restores pregnancy rates almost back to normal levels in mice subjected to Scrotal Heat Stress (SHS).\u0000These results, if confirmed in humans, might impact clinical fertility practice since current clinical studies confirm moderate to severe SDD in about 60% of all men visiting IVF centers and in about 80% of men diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility, figures which are gravely concerning.\u0000Antioxidant supplementation could be an adjuvant therapy prior to undertaking ART procedures to improve fertilization rates, maintain a healthy pregnancy, and reduce de novo sporadic mutations being passed onto children.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80338878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1441
Z. Radák
Regular exercise has systemic beneficial effects including the promotion of brain function. The adaptive response to regular exercise includes the up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system, and modulation of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of cell signaling and exercise through activity dependent modulation of metabolism and/or direct activation of ROS generating enzymes, thus, modulating the cellular redox state in the brain. ROS are also involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and, as a result, exercise-mediated neurogenesis could be associated with ROS production. Exercise has a powerful effect on the immune system, and readily alters the production of cytokines. Certain cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a, IL-18 and interferon gamma are actively involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Cytokines can also contribute to ROS production. ROS- mediated alteration of lipids, protein and DNA could directly affect brain function while exercise modulates the accumulation of oxidative damage. Oxidative alteration of macromolecules, to a moderate degree, can activate signaling processes. Hence, it could be part of the adaptive response to exercise training.
{"title":"EXERCISE AND BRAIN FUNCTION: IS IT REDOX REGULATED?","authors":"Z. Radák","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1441","url":null,"abstract":"Regular exercise has systemic beneficial effects including the promotion of brain function. The adaptive response to regular exercise includes the up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system, and modulation of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of cell signaling and exercise through activity dependent modulation of metabolism and/or direct activation of ROS generating enzymes, thus, modulating the cellular redox state in the brain. ROS are also involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and, as a result, exercise-mediated neurogenesis could be associated with ROS production. Exercise has a powerful effect on the immune system, and readily alters the production of cytokines. Certain cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a, IL-18 and interferon gamma are actively involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Cytokines can also contribute to ROS production. ROS- mediated alteration of lipids, protein and DNA could directly affect brain function while exercise modulates the accumulation of oxidative damage. Oxidative alteration of macromolecules, to a moderate degree, can activate signaling processes. Hence, it could be part of the adaptive response to exercise training.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90408850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1413
Fabian Weber
Anthocyanin rich extracts from several fruits and purified anthocyanins are frequently applied as food colorants, due to the growing awareness of consumers concerning synthetic food additives. Nevertheless, these natural pigments often show poor stability and alongside a rapid loss of coloring properties. A suitable approach for encapsulating and stabilizing of anthocyanin extracts is spray drying. The effects of added copigments (rutin and ferulic acid) on the storage stability of spray dried anthocyanins from blackberry were investigated. Modelling of the degradation kinetics revealed that degradation during storage under light and different temperatures all showed first order kinetics whereby light had a greater impact on anthocyanin stability than elevated temperatures. The addition of copigments led to considerably higher anthocyanin stability compared to samples without copigments and to increased half-life values of the obtained powders regarding color properties. This stabilizing effect may be attributed to the antioxidative properties of the copigments and prevention of the hydration of the anthocyanins during the spraying process. The observed color changes did not correlate with the anthocyanin loss, assuming that degradation of anthocyanin did not only lead to the formation of colorless products but also evoked colored derivatives and polymers.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF COPIGMENTATION ON THE STABILITYOF SPRAY DRIED ANTHOCYANINS","authors":"Fabian Weber","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1413","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanin rich extracts from several fruits and purified anthocyanins are frequently applied as food colorants, due to the growing awareness of consumers concerning synthetic food additives. Nevertheless, these natural pigments often show poor stability and alongside a rapid loss of coloring properties. A suitable approach for encapsulating and stabilizing of anthocyanin extracts is spray drying. The effects of added copigments (rutin and ferulic acid) on the storage stability of spray dried anthocyanins from blackberry were investigated. Modelling of the degradation kinetics revealed that degradation during storage under light and different temperatures all showed first order kinetics whereby light had a greater impact on anthocyanin stability than elevated temperatures. The addition of copigments led to considerably higher anthocyanin stability compared to samples without copigments and to increased half-life values of the obtained powders regarding color properties. This stabilizing effect may be attributed to the antioxidative properties of the copigments and prevention of the hydration of the anthocyanins during the spraying process.\u0000The observed color changes did not correlate with the anthocyanin loss, assuming that degradation of anthocyanin did not only lead to the formation of colorless products but also evoked colored derivatives and polymers.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89885205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-17DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1399
J. D. Carrasco, C. Cabral, Pin Viso Natalia, L. Redondo, M. Farber, Michele Battaglia, M. F. Miyakawa
Many reports suggest inclusion of polyphenol-rich plant extracts in feed improve performance and health in ruminants. Although these effects have been attributed to protein bypass of ruminal digestion, this mechanism cannot entirely explain the growth-promoting effect. Bovine rumen houses a complex microbiota able to convert indigestible plant mass into energy, which can be modulated by tannins. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq platform) was used to study the temporal changes in rumen composition of six steers before and after addition of chestnut and quebracho tannins to diet. A total of 9.871.395 reads of 16S V3 region were obtained. Total number of phyla increased from 34 to 40 after tannins addition to diet. Moreover, Shannon’s diversity index increased significantly through time (p<0.05), concomitantly with a 5-fold reduction in its standard deviation, which shows that rumen microbiota acquired a higher complexity and was progressively stabilized after tannin treatment. Firmicutes correlated directly with time (R=0.95) and inversely with non-protein nitrogen levels (R=0.91). Moreover, a significant increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed over time from 0.77 to 1.10 (p<0.05), which has been shown to affect energy harvesting and fat production in different hosts. Ruminal tannins affected possitively the microbiome balance.
{"title":"Addition of tannins to starch-rich diet stabilizes ruminal microbiota in bovines","authors":"J. D. Carrasco, C. Cabral, Pin Viso Natalia, L. Redondo, M. Farber, Michele Battaglia, M. F. Miyakawa","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1399","url":null,"abstract":"Many reports suggest inclusion of polyphenol-rich plant extracts in feed improve performance and health in ruminants. Although these effects have been attributed to protein bypass of ruminal digestion, this mechanism cannot entirely explain the growth-promoting effect. Bovine rumen houses a complex microbiota able to convert indigestible plant mass into energy, which can be modulated by tannins. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq platform) was used to study the temporal changes in rumen composition of six steers before and after addition of chestnut and quebracho tannins to diet. A total of 9.871.395 reads of 16S V3 region were obtained. Total number of phyla increased from 34 to 40 after tannins addition to diet. Moreover, Shannon’s diversity index increased significantly through time (p<0.05), concomitantly with a 5-fold reduction in its standard deviation, which shows that rumen microbiota acquired a higher complexity and was progressively stabilized after tannin treatment. Firmicutes correlated directly with time (R=0.95) and inversely with non-protein nitrogen levels (R=0.91). Moreover, a significant increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed over time from 0.77 to 1.10 (p<0.05), which has been shown to affect energy harvesting and fat production in different hosts. Ruminal tannins affected possitively the microbiome balance.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76062041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-17DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1395
S. Molino, M. Verri, M. Dossena, S. Pérez-Burillo, D. Buonocore, J. Rufián‐Henares
Grapefruit is rich in polyphenols, which exhibit antioxidant and antiflammatory properties. The study aimed at evaluating the influence of an enzymatic in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GAR method1), followed by fermentation, on the antioxidant capacity of the different matrixes of grapefruit. This physiological-resembling approach allows to extract antioxidants from the following grapefruit parts: zest, rind, pulp, and juice (obtained from red and white grapefruit), including two commercial juices. The analyses were conducted on the fresh soluble fractions obtained after in vitro digestion and fermentation (potentially absorbable fraction), and on the lyophilized solid fractions obtained after fermentation (non-absorbable fraction). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated with ABTS, FRAP and Indigo Carmin Hydroxyls, AAPH, and Reduction methods. The results showed that rind possesses the highest antioxidant capacity, probably due to the elevate concentration of naringin. Of note, the soluble fractions derived from digestion possess higher scavenging activity rather than the soluble fractions from fermentation, which on the contrary have a considerable reducing ability. The insoluble fractions from fermentation showed no antioxidant activity in any of the assays. These data were corroborated through the analysis of polyphenols and their metabolites by means of mass spectrometry, in both digested and fermented soluble fractions.
{"title":"A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF THE DIFFERENT MATRIXES OF GRAPEFRUIT","authors":"S. Molino, M. Verri, M. Dossena, S. Pérez-Burillo, D. Buonocore, J. Rufián‐Henares","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1395","url":null,"abstract":"Grapefruit is rich in polyphenols, which exhibit antioxidant and antiflammatory properties. The study aimed at evaluating the influence of an enzymatic in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GAR method1), followed by fermentation, on the antioxidant capacity of the different matrixes of grapefruit. This physiological-resembling approach allows to extract antioxidants from the following grapefruit parts: zest, rind, pulp, and juice (obtained from red and white grapefruit), including two commercial juices. The analyses were conducted on the fresh soluble fractions obtained after in vitro digestion and fermentation (potentially absorbable fraction), and on the lyophilized solid fractions obtained after fermentation (non-absorbable fraction). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated with ABTS, FRAP and Indigo Carmin Hydroxyls, AAPH, and Reduction methods. The results showed that rind possesses the highest antioxidant capacity, probably due to the elevate concentration of naringin. Of note, the soluble fractions derived from digestion possess higher scavenging activity rather than the soluble fractions from fermentation, which on the contrary have a considerable reducing ability. The insoluble fractions from fermentation showed no antioxidant activity in any of the assays. These data were corroborated through the analysis of polyphenols and their metabolites by means of mass spectrometry, in both digested and fermented soluble fractions.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"21 1-3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89540515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-17DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1398
M. Moreira, M. F. Barroso, A. Cvetanović, Marija Radojkovic, J. Švarc-Gajić, S. Morais, C. Delerue-Matos
Vine-shoots are an important waste in all viticulture areas that should be re-used with innovative applications [1,2]. The aim of the present study was to characterize the vine shoots from different Portuguese grape varieties (Touriga Nacional - TN and Tinta Roriz - TR) with a view to exploit their potential as a source of phenolic compounds. For this purpose, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE) and conventional extraction (CE) were tested and compared in order to evaluate their efficiency for the recovery of the main polyphenols in vine shoots. The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity from the obtained extracts were quantified by liquid chromatography with UV detection and spectrophotometric analyses. Among the evaluated extraction methods, the highest yields were obtained by the MAE and SWE techniques. Concerning the differences in the vine shoots varieties, TR is richer in total phenolic compounds (32.9 ± 1.8 mgGAE/g) and total flavonoids (20.7 ± 0.4 mgEE/g), as well as in antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis enable to identify nine different polyphenols, with gallic and caffeic acids, catechin and epicatechin being the main contributors to the phenolic composition.
葡萄幼苗在所有葡萄栽培领域都是一种重要的废物，应该通过创新的应用重新利用[1,2]。本研究的目的是表征不同葡萄牙葡萄品种(Touriga Nacional - TN和Tinta Roriz - TR)的藤芽，以期开发它们作为酚类化合物来源的潜力。为此，对微波辅助提取法(MAE)、亚临界水提取法(SWE)和常规提取法(CE)对藤茎中主要多酚的回收率进行了测试和比较。采用液相色谱法、紫外检测法和分光光度法测定其酚类成分和抗氧化活性。在评价的提取方法中，MAE和SWE的提取率最高。在不同品种间，总酚类化合物含量(32.9±1.8 mgGAE/g)和总黄酮含量(20.7±0.4 mgEE/g)较高，抗氧化能力较强。高效液相色谱分析鉴定出九种不同的多酚，其中没食子酸和咖啡酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素是主要的酚类成分。
{"title":"VINE SHOOTS FROM PORTUGUESE VINEYARDS AS A SUSTAINABLE SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLS: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION","authors":"M. Moreira, M. F. Barroso, A. Cvetanović, Marija Radojkovic, J. Švarc-Gajić, S. Morais, C. Delerue-Matos","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1398","url":null,"abstract":"Vine-shoots are an important waste in all viticulture areas that should be re-used with innovative applications [1,2]. The aim of the present study was to characterize the vine shoots from different Portuguese grape varieties (Touriga Nacional - TN and Tinta Roriz - TR) with a view to exploit their potential as a source of phenolic compounds. For this purpose, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE) and conventional extraction (CE) were tested and compared in order to evaluate their efficiency for the recovery of the main polyphenols in vine shoots. The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity from the obtained extracts were quantified by liquid chromatography with UV detection and spectrophotometric analyses. Among the evaluated extraction methods, the highest yields were obtained by the MAE and SWE techniques. Concerning the differences in the vine shoots varieties, TR is richer in total phenolic compounds (32.9 ± 1.8 mgGAE/g) and total flavonoids (20.7 ± 0.4 mgEE/g), as well as in antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis enable to identify nine different polyphenols, with gallic and caffeic acids, catechin and epicatechin being the main contributors to the phenolic composition.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86821037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-17DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1397
A. D. Maria, Arroyo Casado Teresa, Vargas Osorio Alba, Gaforio Nebreda Laura, A. GómezCifuentes, Saez Martínez Victoria, De Teresa
Phenolic compounds ubiquitous in all edible plants are an essential part of the human diet and have great interest owing to its antioxidant properties and pharmacological activity. Polyphenol content of grapes is influenced by environmental and post-harvesting conditions, but also genotype plays an important role in the variation. In this study an analytical method was developed for the quantification of melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol using reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. 35 varieties of grapes were analyzed. The analysis of these components from grape skin was performed by a liquid-solid extraction with ethyl acetate solvent. Quantifiable amounts to these compounds were proved. Characters like grape type (wine, table, wild), color, density and skin thickness had shown significant differences. Melatonin concentrations oscillated between 17-304 nM and the higher values are associated to the wild varieties with blue-black color and thin skin. Quercetin was founded in values from 40 to 110 mM and highlighted in wild grapes with thin skin and dark color. Resveratrol showed quantities between 5-13 µM. Vinificacion grapes, associated to blue-dark colour and thick skin, were the richest in this compound. In all tested grapes highlighted Trincadeira Preta and Cuatendra varieties, which presented the highest levels to the studied compounds
{"title":"Simultaneous analysis of melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol in grapes using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","authors":"A. D. Maria, Arroyo Casado Teresa, Vargas Osorio Alba, Gaforio Nebreda Laura, A. GómezCifuentes, Saez Martínez Victoria, De Teresa","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1397","url":null,"abstract":"Phenolic compounds ubiquitous in all edible plants are an essential part of the human diet and have great interest owing to its antioxidant properties and pharmacological activity. Polyphenol content of grapes is influenced by environmental and post-harvesting conditions, but also genotype plays an important role in the variation. In this study an analytical method was developed for the quantification of melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol using reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. 35 varieties of grapes were analyzed. The analysis of these components from grape skin was performed by a liquid-solid extraction with ethyl acetate solvent. Quantifiable amounts to these compounds were proved. Characters like grape type (wine, table, wild), color, density and skin thickness had shown significant differences. Melatonin concentrations oscillated between 17-304 nM and the higher values are associated to the wild varieties with blue-black color and thin skin. Quercetin was founded in values from 40 to 110 mM and highlighted in wild grapes with thin skin and dark color. Resveratrol showed quantities between 5-13 µM. Vinificacion grapes, associated to blue-dark colour and thick skin, were the richest in this compound. In all tested grapes highlighted Trincadeira Preta and Cuatendra varieties, which presented the highest levels to the studied compounds","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80827685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-16DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1387
T. Chmiel, B. Droogenbroeck, Domien De Paepe, Wojciech Pastuszak, Mateusz Krawczyk, A. Bartoszek, B. Kusznierewicz
Two types of preservation methods based on the ultra high temperature (UHT) and microwave (MW) technologies were used for pasteurisation of cloudy juices prepared from different varieties of apples. The technological trials using Vaculiq press for juice production under anaerobic conditions and EnbioJet microwave flow pasteurizer or UHT system were performed in order to evaluate the effect of preservation method on the stability of phenolic compounds in apple juice. The chemical properties verified embraced determinations of polyphenols by HPLC-DAD-MS, total antioxidant activity, as well as chromatographic profiling of antioxidants by HPLC post-column derivatization. The obtained results indicate that the degradation of phenolic compounds during MW and UHT preservation processes was in the range 20-32% and 7-18%, respectively. As a consequence, the reduction of antioxidant activity at the level of 12-39% and 10-28% for MW and UHT technologies was observed. The results also revealed a significant effect of apple variety on the changes in polyphenolic profile due to the pasteurization process. Our studies could be of use while selecting the proper technology of preservation to maximize stability of apple phytochemicals and thereby to enhance the healthiness of diet for human populations.
采用超高温(UHT)和微波(MW)两种保鲜方法对不同品种苹果混浊果汁进行巴氏杀菌。采用厌氧条件下的真空压榨机和EnbioJet微波流巴氏灭菌器或UHT系统进行果汁生产工艺试验，以评价保存方法对苹果汁中酚类化合物稳定性的影响。化学性质的验证包括用HPLC- dad - ms测定多酚，总抗氧化活性，以及用HPLC柱后衍生法分析抗氧化剂。结果表明，在微波和超高温保存过程中，酚类化合物的降解率分别在20-32%和7-18%之间。结果表明，MW和UHT处理的抗氧化活性分别降低了12-39%和10-28%。结果还揭示了巴氏灭菌过程对苹果多酚谱变化的显著影响。研究结果可为选择合适的保存技术，最大限度地提高苹果植物化学物质的稳定性，从而提高人类饮食的健康水平提供参考。
{"title":"The influence of pasteurization methods on the phenolic profiles of cloudy apple juices","authors":"T. Chmiel, B. Droogenbroeck, Domien De Paepe, Wojciech Pastuszak, Mateusz Krawczyk, A. Bartoszek, B. Kusznierewicz","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1387","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of preservation methods based on the ultra high temperature (UHT) and microwave (MW) technologies were used for pasteurisation of cloudy juices prepared from different varieties of apples. The technological trials using Vaculiq press for juice production under anaerobic conditions and EnbioJet microwave flow pasteurizer or UHT system were performed in order to evaluate the effect of preservation method on the stability of phenolic compounds in apple juice. The chemical properties verified embraced determinations of polyphenols by HPLC-DAD-MS, total antioxidant activity, as well as chromatographic profiling of antioxidants by HPLC post-column derivatization. The obtained results indicate that the degradation of phenolic compounds during MW and UHT preservation processes was in the range 20-32% and 7-18%, respectively. As a consequence, the reduction of antioxidant activity at the level of 12-39% and 10-28% for MW and UHT technologies was observed. The results also revealed a significant effect of apple variety on the changes in polyphenolic profile due to the pasteurization process. Our studies could be of use while selecting the proper technology of preservation to maximize stability of apple phytochemicals and thereby to enhance the healthiness of diet for human populations.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77478504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-16DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1378
Abigail Montero-Calderón, Juana M Carbonell Capella, A. Frígola, M. Esteve
Genus Citrus contain high levels of polyphenols widely known for having antioxidant properties; their presence can be greater in citrus peel than in fruit pulp. The main flavonoid in orange peel is hesperidin. On the other hand, conventional extraction of phytochemical compounds using organic solvents produces high pollution, which is why 'green' extraction techniques are required (1). The aim of this investigation was identify the optimal conditions to extract hesperidin from orange (Citrus sinensis) peel using ultrasounds and environmentally friendly solvents. A comparative analysis was carried out employing response surface methodology for the following variables: power, time and ethanol percentage in water. Orange peel was cut in squares of side 0.6 cm and ultrasound treated (Qsonica), citrus peel extracts were passed through a Sep-Pak® cartridge (Phenomenex) and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography into Agilent 1120 system LC (Agilent-Technologies); the chromatographic peak was compared with standard hesperidin (Sigma-Aldrich). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: power 400 W, extraction time 18.95 min and ethanol 22.8% in water; the maximum concentration of hesperidin was 113.02 mg/100 g. In conclusion, the results evidence that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an effective and non-conventional technology suitable for citrus waste valorizatio.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF HESPERIDIN FROM ORANGE PEEL","authors":"Abigail Montero-Calderón, Juana M Carbonell Capella, A. Frígola, M. Esteve","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_v3i4_1378","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Citrus contain high levels of polyphenols widely known for having antioxidant properties; their presence can be greater in citrus peel than in fruit pulp. The main flavonoid in orange peel is hesperidin. On the other hand, conventional extraction of phytochemical compounds using organic solvents produces high pollution, which is why 'green' extraction techniques are required (1). The aim of this investigation was identify the optimal conditions to extract hesperidin from orange (Citrus sinensis) peel using ultrasounds and environmentally friendly solvents. A comparative analysis was carried out employing response surface methodology for the following variables: power, time and ethanol percentage in water. Orange peel was cut in squares of side 0.6 cm and ultrasound treated (Qsonica), citrus peel extracts were passed through a Sep-Pak® cartridge (Phenomenex) and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography into Agilent 1120 system LC (Agilent-Technologies); the chromatographic peak was compared with standard hesperidin (Sigma-Aldrich). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: power 400 W, extraction time 18.95 min and ethanol 22.8% in water; the maximum concentration of hesperidin was 113.02 mg/100 g. In conclusion, the results evidence that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an effective and non-conventional technology suitable for citrus waste valorizatio.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91424035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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