Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1447
L. Virág
Poly-ADP-ribosylation is an NAD-dependent protein modification reaction. In various oxidative stress-related paradigms DNA breaks activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes which in turn modify target proteins with NAD-derived (ADP-ribose)n polymers. This reversible protein modification (PARylation) regulates transcription, kinase cascades, metabolism, differentiation, autophagy, cell death only to name a few cell functions and fates. Moreover, it leads to diverse biological outcomes with wide ranging implications for diseases as diverse as diabetes, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer. Pathways leading to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as cellular effects of AGEs are accompanied by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and as such may be intertwined with PARylation-related pathologies. The lecture aims to highlight proven and possible interactions between the oxidative stress-induced PARylation events and AGE-related pathologies.
{"title":"POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) SIGNALISE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS","authors":"L. Virág","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I2_1447","url":null,"abstract":"Poly-ADP-ribosylation is an NAD-dependent protein modification reaction. In various oxidative stress-related paradigms DNA breaks activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes which in turn modify target proteins with NAD-derived (ADP-ribose)n polymers. This reversible protein modification (PARylation) regulates transcription, kinase cascades, metabolism, differentiation, autophagy, cell death only to name a few cell functions and fates. Moreover, it leads to diverse biological outcomes with wide ranging implications for diseases as diverse as diabetes, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer.\u0000Pathways leading to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as cellular effects of AGEs are accompanied by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and as such may be intertwined with PARylation-related pathologies. The lecture aims to highlight proven and possible interactions between the oxidative stress-induced PARylation events and AGE-related pathologies.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87615697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1475
F. L. Verso, S. Carnio, M. Baraibar, M. Longa, M. Maffei, M. Canepari, B. Friguet, R. Bottinelli, M. Sandri
Muscle wasting is due to an excessive activation of degradative pathways. It occurs in different pathologies such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes but inevitably it occurs in everybody’s life during aging. Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging. The ability to activate compensatory mechanisms in response to environmental stress and physiological changing is an important factor for survival and maintenance of cellular functions. A system that is often activated both in short and prolonged stress conditions is autophagy. Autophagy is required to clear the cell from dysfunctional organelles and altered proteins and is reported to decline during ageing. This reduction might contribute to age-related organ dysfunction and, in general, to ageing. Here we report that specific autophagy inhibition in muscle has a major impact on this tissue that ultimately affect life span of animals. Inhibition of autophagy exacerbates the aging-related features of muscle such as atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and profound weakness. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress directly affect acto-myosin interaction and force generation. These results demonstrate that aging-related muscle dysfunction is mainly caused by a failure of the autophagy system. It has been reported that lifestyle adaptations, such as caloric restriction and physical exercise are able to ameliorate several features during ageing process, moreover physical activity has been recently documented to play a fundamental physiological role in the regulation of autophagy in several tissues. Here we address also the role of autophagy during exercise. We reveal that autophagy is critical for the preservation of mitochondrial function during damaging muscle contraction. We establish that basal oxidative stress plays a crucial role in mitochondrial maintenance during normal physical activity. Therefore, autophagy is an adaptive response to exercise that ensures effective mitochondria-quality control during damaging physical activity.
{"title":"MITOCHONDRIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AGE-RELATED MUSCLE LOSS (SARCOPENIA)","authors":"F. L. Verso, S. Carnio, M. Baraibar, M. Longa, M. Maffei, M. Canepari, B. Friguet, R. Bottinelli, M. Sandri","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1475","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle wasting is due to an excessive activation of degradative pathways. It occurs in different pathologies such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes but inevitably it occurs in everybody’s life during aging. Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging. The ability to activate compensatory mechanisms in response to environmental stress and physiological changing is an important factor for survival and maintenance of cellular functions. A system that is often activated both in short and prolonged stress conditions is autophagy. Autophagy is required to clear the cell from dysfunctional organelles and altered proteins and is reported to decline during ageing. This reduction might contribute to age-related organ dysfunction and, in general, to ageing. Here we report that specific autophagy inhibition in muscle has a major impact on this tissue that ultimately affect life span of animals. Inhibition of autophagy exacerbates the aging-related features of muscle such as atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and profound weakness. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress directly affect acto-myosin interaction and force generation. These results demonstrate that aging-related muscle dysfunction is mainly caused by a failure of the autophagy system. It has been reported that lifestyle adaptations, such as caloric restriction and physical exercise are able to ameliorate several features during ageing process, moreover physical activity has been recently documented to play a fundamental physiological role in the regulation of autophagy in several tissues. Here we address also the role of autophagy during exercise. We reveal that autophagy is critical for the preservation of mitochondrial function during damaging muscle contraction. We establish that basal oxidative stress plays a crucial role in mitochondrial maintenance during normal physical activity. Therefore, autophagy is an adaptive response to exercise that ensures effective mitochondria-quality control during damaging physical activity.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82572242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1463
M. Nikiforov
Cellular responses to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are among the most evolutionarily conserved pathways within the cell. Tumor cells commonly encounter both ER and oxidative stress due to high levels of metabolism, including increased rates of protein translation. Yet drugs aimed primarily at interference with these stress response pathways comprise only a small portion of currently available anti-neoplastic agents. Moreover, little is known about the interrelating connection between ER stress and oxidative stress caused by these few anticancer drugs. For instance, it is generally accepted that intracellular oxidative stress induced by proteasome inhibitors is a byproduct of ER stress. Here, we report a mechanism underlying the ability of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) to directly induce both oxidative and ER stress in multiple myeloma (MM) cells via transcriptional repression of the gene encoding mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD2). TXNRD2 is critical for maintenance of intracellular redox status and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Depletion of TXNRD2 to the levels detected in BTZ-treated cells causes oxidative stress, ER stress and death similar to those induced by proteasome inhibitors. Reciprocally, restoration of near-wildtype TXNRD2 levels in MM cells treated with proteasome inhibitors reduces oxidative stress, ER stress and cell death by ~46%, ~35% and ~50%, respectively, compared to cells with depleted TXNRD2 levels. Moreover, cells from three MM cell lines selected for resistance to BTZ demonstrate elevated levels of TXNRD2, indirectly confirming its functional role in BTZ resistance. Accordingly, ectopic expression of TXNRD2 in MM cell xenografts in immunocompromised mice blunts the therapeutic effects of BTZ. Our data identifies TXNRD2 as a potential clinically relevant target, inhibition of which is critical for proteasome inhibitor-dependent cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and ER stress.
{"title":"THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG QUESTION OF OXIDATIVE AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESSES IN CANCER THERAPY","authors":"M. Nikiforov","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1463","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular responses to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are among the most evolutionarily conserved pathways within the cell. Tumor cells commonly encounter both ER and oxidative stress due to high levels of metabolism, including increased rates of protein translation. Yet drugs aimed primarily at interference with these stress response pathways comprise only a small portion of currently available anti-neoplastic agents. Moreover, little is known about the interrelating connection between ER stress and oxidative stress caused by these few anticancer drugs. For instance, it is generally accepted that intracellular oxidative stress induced by proteasome inhibitors is a byproduct of ER stress.\u0000Here, we report a mechanism underlying the ability of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) to directly induce both oxidative and ER stress in multiple myeloma (MM) cells via transcriptional repression of the gene encoding mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD2). TXNRD2 is critical for maintenance of intracellular redox status and detoxification of reactive oxygen species.\u0000Depletion of TXNRD2 to the levels detected in BTZ-treated cells causes oxidative stress, ER stress and death similar to those induced by proteasome inhibitors. Reciprocally, restoration of near-wildtype TXNRD2 levels in MM cells treated with proteasome inhibitors reduces oxidative stress, ER stress and cell death by ~46%, ~35% and ~50%, respectively, compared to cells with depleted TXNRD2 levels. Moreover, cells from three MM cell lines selected for resistance to BTZ demonstrate elevated levels of TXNRD2, indirectly confirming its functional role in BTZ resistance.\u0000Accordingly, ectopic expression of TXNRD2 in MM cell xenografts in immunocompromised mice blunts the therapeutic effects of BTZ.\u0000Our data identifies TXNRD2 as a potential clinically relevant target, inhibition of which is critical for proteasome inhibitor-dependent cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and ER stress.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81688738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1423
R. Madureira
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can be used for the oral delivery of phenolic compounds in order to protect them from the harsh conditions of digestion and improve their bioavailability in the intestinal epithelium. Recently, the production and characterization of SLN loaded with rosmarinic acid and herbal extracts was performed for future use as functional food ingredients. On the other hand, a hot topic of the moment is the knowledge that diet components have a huge impact on gut microbiota viability and metabolic activity. Hence, this communication concerns the study of the effect of SLN and released phenolic compounds on gut microbiota. I will make an overview on the results of the fermentations in anaerobic batch cultures using volunteer human faeces during 48h. The impact of these phenolic compounds free and encapsulated in SLN on the main gut bacterial groups population and metabolic activities will be discussed.
{"title":"FERMENTATION OF BIOACTIVE SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES BY HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA","authors":"R. Madureira","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1423","url":null,"abstract":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can be used for the oral delivery of phenolic compounds in order to protect them from the harsh conditions of digestion and improve their bioavailability in the intestinal epithelium. Recently, the production and characterization of SLN loaded with rosmarinic acid and herbal extracts was performed for future use as functional food ingredients. On the other hand, a hot topic of the moment is the knowledge that diet components have a huge impact on gut microbiota viability and metabolic activity. Hence, this communication concerns the study of the effect of SLN and released phenolic compounds on gut microbiota.\u0000I will make an overview on the results of the fermentations in anaerobic batch cultures using volunteer human faeces during 48h. The impact of these phenolic compounds free and encapsulated in SLN on the main gut bacterial groups population and metabolic activities will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85840878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1417
A. Neves, F. Almeida, S. Reis
Resveratrol is one of the most promising naturally occurring polyphenols with great therapeutic potential. Despite the well know anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory action, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection and cancer chemoprevention, the mechanism of action of resveratrol is still uncertain. This work brings a new membrane approach to understand resveratrol action through the modulation of lipid domains present in biological membranes, and consequently the activity of anchored proteins that are involved in intracellular cascades. The potential molecular interactions between resveratrol and lipid rafts found in cell membranes were assessed by means of Forster resonance energy transfer, X-ray diffraction analysis, derivative spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching and anisotropy studies. This polyphenol compound seems to induce phase separation in lipid bilayers, stabilizing and promoting the formation of ordered domains (lipid rafts) which can act as organizing centers for the assembly of proteins involved in cell signaling pathways.
{"title":"RESVERATROL MODULATES CELL MEMBRANES: WHAT’S THE STORY?","authors":"A. Neves, F. Almeida, S. Reis","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1417","url":null,"abstract":"Resveratrol is one of the most promising naturally occurring polyphenols with great therapeutic potential. Despite the well know anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory action, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection and cancer chemoprevention, the mechanism of action of resveratrol is still uncertain. This work brings a new membrane approach to understand resveratrol action through the modulation of lipid domains present in biological membranes, and consequently the activity of anchored proteins that are involved in intracellular cascades. The potential molecular interactions between resveratrol and lipid rafts found in cell membranes were assessed by means of Forster resonance energy transfer, X-ray diffraction analysis, derivative spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching and anisotropy studies. This polyphenol compound seems to induce phase separation in lipid bilayers, stabilizing and promoting the formation of ordered domains (lipid rafts) which can act as organizing centers for the assembly of proteins involved in cell signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1451
Harald Schmidt
Numerous diseases and disease models have been suggested to be associated with oxidative stress; however very few if any have resulted in clinical application; some trials have been giant failures. Two innovations may provide a more successful and evidence-based way forward: the therapeutic move from focussing on ROS to their enzymatic sources and targets and the differentiation of physiological and pathological functions of these. Moreover a cluster of disease phenotypes within the so-called ‘diseasesome’ seems specifically linked to ROS- mediate pathologies. Here we present examples for such target validation within this cluster in diabetic end-organ damage and stroke, both linked by shared common redox mechanisms. These therapeutic advances will be backed-up by precision diagnostics that enable early detection, patient stratification, detecting target engagement and therapeutic monitoring.
{"title":"REACTIVE OXYGEN-RELATED DISEASES: THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND EMERGING CLINICAL INDICATIONS","authors":"Harald Schmidt","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I3_1451","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous diseases and disease models have been suggested to be associated with oxidative stress; however very few if any have resulted in clinical application; some trials have been giant failures. Two innovations may provide a more successful and evidence-based way forward: the therapeutic move from focussing on ROS to their enzymatic sources and targets and the differentiation of physiological and pathological functions of these. Moreover a cluster of disease phenotypes within the so-called ‘diseasesome’ seems specifically linked to ROS- mediate pathologies.\u0000Here we present examples for such target validation within this cluster in diabetic end-organ damage and stroke, both linked by shared common redox mechanisms.\u0000These therapeutic advances will be backed-up by precision diagnostics that enable early detection, patient stratification, detecting target engagement and therapeutic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"392 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85004449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1424
M. Pintado
Gastrointestinal diseases have a huge impact especially in third world countries, making it urgent to seek new effective antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the study of new antimicrobial solutions has been the target of research over the past years. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) with natural bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity may be promising to overcome the problems associated with antibiotic resistance caused by many pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the phenolic compounds are a class of bioactive compounds for which their antimicrobial activity was already tested on the production of NPs. Polymeric or lipidic NPs systems have been investigated to deliver these compounds. As example, chitosan is a polymer widely known for their properties, especially its unique antimicrobial activity and its ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium. In this presentation the discussion of the recent developments of new delivery systems for phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens, their production processes, activities, focusing on NPs produced using chitosan as the main structural and functional material including case studies will be made.
{"title":"THE CURRENT STATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NANOPARTICLES FOR USE AGAINST BACTERIAL GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOGENS","authors":"M. Pintado","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1424","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal diseases have a huge impact especially in third world countries, making it urgent to seek new effective antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the study of new antimicrobial solutions has been the target of research over the past years. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) with natural bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity may be promising to overcome the problems associated with antibiotic resistance caused by many pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the phenolic compounds are a class of bioactive compounds for which their antimicrobial activity was already tested on the production of NPs. Polymeric or lipidic NPs systems have been investigated to deliver these compounds. As example, chitosan is a polymer widely known for their properties, especially its unique antimicrobial activity and its ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium. In this presentation the discussion of the recent developments of new delivery systems for phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens, their production processes, activities, focusing on NPs produced using chitosan as the main structural and functional material including case studies will be made.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82041350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1426
M. Simões
Biofilms are supposed to be the first form of communitarian life recorded on the planet, being estimated that most microorganisms on Earth are organized in sessile state and they even occur in extreme environments. This ubiquity of biofilms is potentially beneficial, but can also cause significant problems of public health, medicine and industry concern. In the health context, some diseases and adverse medical conditions are now recognized to be the result of a biofilm infection. In fact, the degree of severity and the persistence of infections is worsened when microorganisms form biofilm. Therefore, efforts are being applied to develop new drugs not so vulnerable as the current therapeutics to bacterial resistance mechanisms, and also able to target bacteria in biofilms. Natural products, especially those obtained from plants, have proven to be outstanding compounds with unique properties, making them perfect candidates for this much-needed therapeutics. This study presents current knowledge on the potentialities of plant products as biofilm control agents. Data will be provided on their mode of action focusing their activity to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing signaling pathways and underlying phenotypes.
{"title":"RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON PHYTOCHEMICALS AND QUORUM SENSING/BIOFILMS","authors":"M. Simões","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_V3I4_1426","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms are supposed to be the first form of communitarian life recorded on the planet, being estimated that most microorganisms on Earth are organized in sessile state and they even occur in extreme environments. This ubiquity of biofilms is potentially beneficial, but can also cause significant problems of public health, medicine and industry concern. In the health context, some diseases and adverse medical conditions are now recognized to be the result of a biofilm infection. In fact, the degree of severity and the persistence of infections is worsened when microorganisms form biofilm. Therefore, efforts are being applied to develop new drugs not so vulnerable as the current therapeutics to bacterial resistance mechanisms, and also able to target bacteria in biofilms. Natural products, especially those obtained from plants, have proven to be outstanding compounds with unique properties, making them perfect candidates for this much-needed therapeutics. This study presents current knowledge on the potentialities of plant products as biofilm control agents. Data will be provided on their mode of action focusing their activity to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing signaling pathways and underlying phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88691591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_v3i2_1431
S. Ricard-Blum
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is mostly comprised of proteins and proteoglycans, which form supramolecular assemblies. It provides shape and mechanical properties - mediated by covalent cross-links - to tissues and organs, and regulates cell behavior. Covalent cross-linking of the ECM is mediated by transglutaminase-2, glycation and more specifically by enzymes of the lysyl oxidase family. Lysyl oxidase, or protein-lysine 6-oxidase, contains the redox cofactor lysyl-tyrosine quinone and is a source of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species. We have investigated ECM cross-links formed via glycation and lysyl oxidase in liver and skin fibrosis and we are currently building the interaction network of lysyl oxidase to determine if it plays further biological roles in ECM and in pericellular matrix at the cell surface.
{"title":"EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX GLYCATION, REDOX STATUS AND CROSS-LINKING","authors":"S. Ricard-Blum","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_v3i2_1431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_v3i2_1431","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular matrix (ECM) is mostly comprised of proteins and proteoglycans, which form supramolecular assemblies. It provides shape and mechanical properties - mediated by covalent cross-links - to tissues and organs, and regulates cell behavior. Covalent cross-linking of the ECM is mediated by transglutaminase-2, glycation and more specifically by enzymes of the lysyl oxidase family. Lysyl oxidase, or protein-lysine 6-oxidase, contains the redox cofactor lysyl-tyrosine quinone and is a source of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species. We have investigated ECM cross-links formed via glycation and lysyl oxidase in liver and skin fibrosis and we are currently building the interaction network of lysyl oxidase to determine if it plays further biological roles in ECM and in pericellular matrix at the cell surface.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81232395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.18143/JISANH_v3i3_1465
Hui Wang
Accumulating evidence found that antidiabetic therapy is closely associated with tumor. Oxidative stress contributes to the onset of diabetes and diabetic complications, and antioxidant agents are the important component in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in tumor. So antioxidant antidiabetic agents may have the potential effect on the biology of tumors. In our study recently published on Science Translational Medicine, we found that some of the antioxidant antidiabetic agents could increase NRF2 expression which correlated with potentially accelerating tumor metastasis in mice models. Our findings suggest that antioxidants that activate NRF2 signaling may need to be administered with caution in cancer patients, such as diabetic patients with cancer.
{"title":"ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY, ANTIOXIDANTS AND TUMOR INITIATION","authors":"Hui Wang","doi":"10.18143/JISANH_v3i3_1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18143/JISANH_v3i3_1465","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating evidence found that antidiabetic therapy is closely associated with tumor. Oxidative stress contributes to the onset of diabetes and diabetic complications, and antioxidant agents are the important component in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in tumor. So antioxidant antidiabetic agents may have the potential effect on the biology of tumors. In our study recently published on Science Translational Medicine, we found that some of the antioxidant antidiabetic agents could increase NRF2 expression which correlated with potentially accelerating tumor metastasis in mice models. Our findings suggest that antioxidants that activate NRF2 signaling may need to be administered with caution in cancer patients, such as diabetic patients with cancer.","PeriodicalId":17323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition & Health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79056421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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