F. Komai, Kanako Okada, Y. Inoue, M. Yada, Osamu Tanaka, S. Kuwabata
Mature pollen grains of Lilium cultivar, with their germ pores folded in upon themselves, were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conventional pretreatment process requires aldehyde fixation, dehydration, drying and metal sputtering for SEM observation. These complicated and laborious procedures can considerably alter the morphology of pollen grains. In order to omit this conventional pretreatment process, we established a novel technique utilizing an ionic liquid (IL) that is composed solely of ions, namely, a liquid salt that can remain in a molten state even at room temperature. IL-treated pollen grains could be observed under vacuum conditions without artifacts, and furthermore, a satisfactory SEM image could visualize pollen grains in a wet state. The possible direction of future studies on ionic liquids in the SEM field is also discussed.
{"title":"SEM Observation of Wet Lily Pollen Grains Pretreated with Ionic Liquid","authors":"F. Komai, Kanako Okada, Y. Inoue, M. Yada, Osamu Tanaka, S. Kuwabata","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-008","url":null,"abstract":"Mature pollen grains of Lilium cultivar, with their germ pores folded in upon themselves, were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conventional pretreatment process requires aldehyde fixation, dehydration, drying and metal sputtering for SEM observation. These complicated and laborious procedures can considerably alter the morphology of pollen grains. In order to omit this conventional pretreatment process, we established a novel technique utilizing an ionic liquid (IL) that is composed solely of ions, namely, a liquid salt that can remain in a molten state even at room temperature. IL-treated pollen grains could be observed under vacuum conditions without artifacts, and furthermore, a satisfactory SEM image could visualize pollen grains in a wet state. The possible direction of future studies on ionic liquids in the SEM field is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69158874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayumi Matsuda, Mitsuru Sato, S. Ohno, S. Yang, M. Doi, M. Hosokawa
For determination of the endogenous and exogenous causes of somaclonal variation in in vitro culture, a bioassay system was developed using the variegated Saintpaulia (African violet) ‘Thamires’ (Saintpaulia sp.), having pink petals with blue splotches caused by transposon VGs1 (Variation Generator of Saintpaulia 1) deletion in the promoter region of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase. Not only true-to-type but also many solid blue and chimeric plants regenerate in vitro-cultured explants of this cultivar. Using multiplex PCR that enables the determination of these variations, we attempted to evaluate the effects of four candidate triggers of mutation: pre-existing mutated cells, shooting conditions in vitro or ex vitro, cutting treatment of explants, and addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to the medium. The percentages of somaclonal variations among total shoots regenerated from leaf segments and stamens were 46.6 and 56.5, which were higher than the percentages expected from pre-existing mutated cells (3.6 and 1.4, respectively). These results indicate that pre-existing mutated cells are not a main cause of somaclonal variations. The percentage of somaclonal variation was independent of culture conditions for mother plants; the mutation percentages of adventitious shoots regenerated from ex vitroand in vitro-grown leaves were 9.2% and 8.5%, respectively. In addition, the percentage of somaclonal variations of adventitious shoots regenerated under in vitro conditions from the in vitro grown mother plants was also low, at 4.9%. This indicates that the in vitro condition itself is not a main cause of somaclonal variation. However, when adventitious shoots were regenerated from 10 × 5-mm cut-leaf laminas on a PGR-free medium, the percentage of somaclonal variation was 26.4%. In addition, the percentage of somaclonal variations dramatically increased when PGRs were added to the medium for both leaves and leaf segments (39.9 and 46.6, respectively). The bioassay system using Saintpaulia ‘Thamires’ will enable the screening of many environmental factors because of its rapidity and ease of use and will facilitate the development of a new tissue culture technology for avoiding mutation.
{"title":"Cutting Leaves and Plant Growth Regulator Application Enhance Somaclonal Variation Induced by Transposition of VGs1 of Saintpaulia","authors":"Sayumi Matsuda, Mitsuru Sato, S. Ohno, S. Yang, M. Doi, M. Hosokawa","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-009","url":null,"abstract":"For determination of the endogenous and exogenous causes of somaclonal variation in in vitro culture, a bioassay system was developed using the variegated Saintpaulia (African violet) ‘Thamires’ (Saintpaulia sp.), having pink petals with blue splotches caused by transposon VGs1 (Variation Generator of Saintpaulia 1) deletion in the promoter region of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase. Not only true-to-type but also many solid blue and chimeric plants regenerate in vitro-cultured explants of this cultivar. Using multiplex PCR that enables the determination of these variations, we attempted to evaluate the effects of four candidate triggers of mutation: pre-existing mutated cells, shooting conditions in vitro or ex vitro, cutting treatment of explants, and addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to the medium. The percentages of somaclonal variations among total shoots regenerated from leaf segments and stamens were 46.6 and 56.5, which were higher than the percentages expected from pre-existing mutated cells (3.6 and 1.4, respectively). These results indicate that pre-existing mutated cells are not a main cause of somaclonal variations. The percentage of somaclonal variation was independent of culture conditions for mother plants; the mutation percentages of adventitious shoots regenerated from ex vitroand in vitro-grown leaves were 9.2% and 8.5%, respectively. In addition, the percentage of somaclonal variations of adventitious shoots regenerated under in vitro conditions from the in vitro grown mother plants was also low, at 4.9%. This indicates that the in vitro condition itself is not a main cause of somaclonal variation. However, when adventitious shoots were regenerated from 10 × 5-mm cut-leaf laminas on a PGR-free medium, the percentage of somaclonal variation was 26.4%. In addition, the percentage of somaclonal variations dramatically increased when PGRs were added to the medium for both leaves and leaf segments (39.9 and 46.6, respectively). The bioassay system using Saintpaulia ‘Thamires’ will enable the screening of many environmental factors because of its rapidity and ease of use and will facilitate the development of a new tissue culture technology for avoiding mutation.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69158933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Smeets, L. and F. Garretsen. 1986. Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low night temperatures and low light intensity. Euphytica 35: 701–715. Tindall, J. A., H. A. Mills and D. E. Radcliffe. 1990. The effect of root zone temperature on nutrient uptake of tomato. J. Plant
{"title":"Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures","authors":"Y. Kawasaki, S. Matsuo, Y. Kanayama, K. Kanahama","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-001","url":null,"abstract":". Smeets, L. and F. Garretsen. 1986. Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low night temperatures and low light intensity. Euphytica 35: 701–715. Tindall, J. A., H. A. Mills and D. E. Radcliffe. 1990. The effect of root zone temperature on nutrient uptake of tomato. J. Plant","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.MI-001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69158836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Premature softening during low-temperature storage is a major issue in the red kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) cultivar ‘Rainbow Red’. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low temperature on ethylene sensitivity in this cultivar. We demonstrate how ethylene preconditioning at 4°C and 25°C interacted with more rapidly ripening at the lower temperature in ‘Rainbow Red’ kiwifruit. The expression of ripeningrelated genes ACS1, ACO3, EIL4, ERF14, and PGB was at the basal level during ethylene preconditioning at 4°C and 25°C, and rapidly increased with ethylene treatment following ripening. These results suggest that low-temperature storage enhances ethylene sensitivity in ‘Rainbow Red’.
{"title":"Low Temperature Increases Ethylene Sensitivity in Actinidia chinensis ‘Rainbow Red’ Kiwifruit","authors":"S. Murakami, Y. Ikoma, M. Yano","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-104","url":null,"abstract":"Premature softening during low-temperature storage is a major issue in the red kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) cultivar ‘Rainbow Red’. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low temperature on ethylene sensitivity in this cultivar. We demonstrate how ethylene preconditioning at 4°C and 25°C interacted with more rapidly ripening at the lower temperature in ‘Rainbow Red’ kiwifruit. The expression of ripeningrelated genes ACS1, ACO3, EIL4, ERF14, and PGB was at the basal level during ethylene preconditioning at 4°C and 25°C, and rapidly increased with ethylene treatment following ripening. These results suggest that low-temperature storage enhances ethylene sensitivity in ‘Rainbow Red’.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nikaido, T. Jishi, T. Maeda, Takashi Suzuki, H. Araki
. Kobiyama, M. 2003. Oil equivalence and CO2 reduction effect of snow. Mem. Muroran Inst. Tech. 53: 3–5 (In Japanese with
． 小山，M. 2003。雪的油当量和CO2减排效果。Mem。Muroran institute Tech. 53: 3-5(日语)
{"title":"Quality Change of Asparagus Spears Stored with Snow Cooling","authors":"K. Nikaido, T. Jishi, T. Maeda, Takashi Suzuki, H. Araki","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-113","url":null,"abstract":". Kobiyama, M. 2003. Oil equivalence and CO2 reduction effect of snow. Mem. Muroran Inst. Tech. 53: 3–5 (In Japanese with","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Akagi, Kei Kajita, T. Kibe, H. Morimura, T. Tsujimoto, S. Nishiyama, T. Kawai, H. Yamane, R. Tao
Sexuality of crops affects both cultivation and breeding systems. Cultivated persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) has a morphologically well-characterized polygamous or gyonodioecious sexual system. However, the genetic basis of sexuality in D. kaki has yet to be characterized. Here, we used dioecious D. lotus L., a diploid wild relative species to hexaploid or nonaploid D. kaki, as a model to clarify the genetic basis of sexuality in Diospyros and to develop molecular markers associated with the sexuality of individuals. Using 62 F1 offspring segregated into distinct male/female phenotypes, we found two amplified fragment-length polymorphism markers, DlSx-AF4 and DlSx-AF7, which cosegregated with maleness. This could suggest that the sexuality of D. lotus is controlled by a single gene/haploblock, and the male is dominant over the female. Thus, D. lotus’s sexuality can be described as the heterogametic male type, the XY-type, as reported for most other dioecious plant species. For unknown reasons, segregation of the phenotype of a sequence-characterized amplified region marker developed from DlSx-AF4 (DlSx-AF4S) and/or the male/female phenotype in two different crosses in D. lotus showed an apparent bias towards femaleness and better fitted 1:2 than 1:1, which is the theoretical segregation for a single genetic locus or haploblock in diploid D. lotus. DlSx-AF4S could distinguish D. kaki cultivars with female and male flowers from cultivars with only female flowers, strongly indicating that the same genetic system controls D. kaki’s sexuality and that DlSx-AF4S could be used as a genetic marker for sexuality in D. kaki breeding programs.
作物的性向对栽培和育种系统都有影响。栽培柿子(Diospyros kaki Thunb)具有形态学特征良好的一夫多妻制或雌雄异株性系统。然而，雌雄同体的遗传基础尚未被确定。本研究以六倍体或非单倍体kaki的二倍体野生亲缘种雌雄异株D. lotusl .为模型，阐明了Diospyros性别的遗传基础，并开发了与个体性别相关的分子标记。利用62个不同雌雄表型的F1后代，我们发现两个片段长度多态性扩增标记DlSx-AF4和DlSx-AF7与雄性共分离。这可能表明荷花的性别是由一个单基因/单倍体块控制的，雄性比雌性占优势。因此，与大多数其他雌雄异株植物一样，荷花的性取向可以被描述为异交雄型，即xy型。由DlSx-AF4 (DlSx-AF4S)构建的序列特征扩增区标记的表型分离和/或两个不同杂交的雄性/雌性表型分离明显倾向于雌性，且1:2比1:1更适合，这是二倍体荷花中单个遗传位点或单倍体块的理论分离。DlSx-AF4S可以区分出雌雄花的山核桃品种和只有雌花的山核桃品种，这有力地说明了相同的遗传系统控制着山核桃的性向，并且可以作为山核桃育种中的性向遗传标记。
{"title":"Development of Molecular Markers Associated with Sexuality in Diospyros lotus L. and Their Application in D. kaki Thunb.","authors":"T. Akagi, Kei Kajita, T. Kibe, H. Morimura, T. Tsujimoto, S. Nishiyama, T. Kawai, H. Yamane, R. Tao","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-109","url":null,"abstract":"Sexuality of crops affects both cultivation and breeding systems. Cultivated persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) has a morphologically well-characterized polygamous or gyonodioecious sexual system. However, the genetic basis of sexuality in D. kaki has yet to be characterized. Here, we used dioecious D. lotus L., a diploid wild relative species to hexaploid or nonaploid D. kaki, as a model to clarify the genetic basis of sexuality in Diospyros and to develop molecular markers associated with the sexuality of individuals. Using 62 F1 offspring segregated into distinct male/female phenotypes, we found two amplified fragment-length polymorphism markers, DlSx-AF4 and DlSx-AF7, which cosegregated with maleness. This could suggest that the sexuality of D. lotus is controlled by a single gene/haploblock, and the male is dominant over the female. Thus, D. lotus’s sexuality can be described as the heterogametic male type, the XY-type, as reported for most other dioecious plant species. For unknown reasons, segregation of the phenotype of a sequence-characterized amplified region marker developed from DlSx-AF4 (DlSx-AF4S) and/or the male/female phenotype in two different crosses in D. lotus showed an apparent bias towards femaleness and better fitted 1:2 than 1:1, which is the theoretical segregation for a single genetic locus or haploblock in diploid D. lotus. DlSx-AF4S could distinguish D. kaki cultivars with female and male flowers from cultivars with only female flowers, strongly indicating that the same genetic system controls D. kaki’s sexuality and that DlSx-AF4S could be used as a genetic marker for sexuality in D. kaki breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ozaki, Takeuchi Yoko, M. Iwato, Satomi Sakazono, H. Okubo
The origin of a spontaneous triploid asparagus plant from crosses of 2x × 2x was investigated by SSR and flow cytometric analyses. One hundred and twenty-four progeny were obtained from crosses between a diploid female ‘Gold Schatz’ and a diploid male ‘Hokkai 100’. SSR analysis proved that two and one genes were transmitted from the maternal and paternal parents, respectively, at each SSR locus of one progeny, 07M-61, whereas one gene each was from the female and male parents in the other diploid progeny. Triploidy of 07M-61 was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. It was suggested that the triploid plant was derived from fertilization between an unreduced egg and reduced sperm nuclei, given its SSR genotypes. It was also suggested that the unreduced maternal gamete was derived from first division restitution (FDR) or second division restitution (SDR) with chiasma occurrence during meiosis. There were no noticeable morphological differences between the triploid and diploid progeny.
{"title":"Occurrence of a Spontaneous Triploid Progeny from Crosses between Diploid Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Plants and Its Origin Determined by SSR Markers","authors":"Y. Ozaki, Takeuchi Yoko, M. Iwato, Satomi Sakazono, H. Okubo","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-073","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of a spontaneous triploid asparagus plant from crosses of 2x × 2x was investigated by SSR and flow cytometric analyses. One hundred and twenty-four progeny were obtained from crosses between a diploid female ‘Gold Schatz’ and a diploid male ‘Hokkai 100’. SSR analysis proved that two and one genes were transmitted from the maternal and paternal parents, respectively, at each SSR locus of one progeny, 07M-61, whereas one gene each was from the female and male parents in the other diploid progeny. Triploidy of 07M-61 was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. It was suggested that the triploid plant was derived from fertilization between an unreduced egg and reduced sperm nuclei, given its SSR genotypes. It was also suggested that the unreduced maternal gamete was derived from first division restitution (FDR) or second division restitution (SDR) with chiasma occurrence during meiosis. There were no noticeable morphological differences between the triploid and diploid progeny.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yoshida, N. Irie, Tran Duy Vinh, Mitsuo Ooyama, Yoshiyuki Tanaka, K. Yasuba, T. Goto
To understand the factors affecting the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), the effect of the Ca/K ratio (4/12– 12/4, in me·L–1) in nutrient solutions and Ca concentration in fractions in the distal part of young tomato fruits immediately before BER symptoms appear were investigated for three seasons. The rate of BER incidence increased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio in the supplied solutions in the summer and spring, but little difference was observed in the winter. Ca concentration was highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the concentration in fractions decreased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio of the solutions. When the results of all three experiments were pooled, among the fractions, water-soluble Ca concentration was found to have the highest significance in the relationship to BER incidence. The risk of BER incidence in rapidly growing tomato increased to a critical level when water-soluble Ca in the distal part of the fresh fruit decreased to less than 0.20 μmol·g–1 FW. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that the concentration of water-soluble Ca, which is predominantly recovering apoplastic or cytoplasmic Ca2+, and total Ca, which has been translocated during fruit development, are significantly affected by solar radiation and Ca concentration in the supplied solution rather than air temperature.
{"title":"Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to the Water-soluble Calcium Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Calcium Nutrition and Cropping Season","authors":"Y. Yoshida, N. Irie, Tran Duy Vinh, Mitsuo Ooyama, Yoshiyuki Tanaka, K. Yasuba, T. Goto","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-107","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the factors affecting the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), the effect of the Ca/K ratio (4/12– 12/4, in me·L–1) in nutrient solutions and Ca concentration in fractions in the distal part of young tomato fruits immediately before BER symptoms appear were investigated for three seasons. The rate of BER incidence increased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio in the supplied solutions in the summer and spring, but little difference was observed in the winter. Ca concentration was highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the concentration in fractions decreased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio of the solutions. When the results of all three experiments were pooled, among the fractions, water-soluble Ca concentration was found to have the highest significance in the relationship to BER incidence. The risk of BER incidence in rapidly growing tomato increased to a critical level when water-soluble Ca in the distal part of the fresh fruit decreased to less than 0.20 μmol·g–1 FW. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that the concentration of water-soluble Ca, which is predominantly recovering apoplastic or cytoplasmic Ca2+, and total Ca, which has been translocated during fruit development, are significantly affected by solar radiation and Ca concentration in the supplied solution rather than air temperature.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanda Aung, Muramatsu Yukinari, N. Horiuchi, Jingai Che, Y. Mochizuki, I. Ogiwara
The purpose of this study was to clarify the plant growth and fruit quality of blueberry in a controlled room under artificial light. Cultivars used were a northern highbush ‘Blueray’, and two southern highbush, ‘Misty’ and ‘Sharpblue’. A comparative study was carried out of growth characteristics, photosynthetic potential and fruit quality analysis in different growing environments, in particular focusing on plants growing in a glasshouse under natural sunlight and plants in a controlled room under artificial light. Environmental conditions of the controlled room under artificial light were 15 to 25°C, 50 to 70% humidity, 150 to 350 μmol·m−2·s−1 light intensity, and a 10-hour photoperiod from the primary experiment. In these growing environments, normal fruits developed from all the tested cultivars by successful growth without decreasing plant vigor and leaf photosynthetic ability until fruit harvesting time compared to the cultivars grown in the glasshouse under natural sunlight condition. Moreover, it was confirmed that high-quality fruits could be harvested in a controlled environment to increase fruit production with high SSC % and high anthocyanin content but low acid % in ‘Blueray’ and ‘Misty’, but not ‘Sharpblue’. Finally, this report presents the possibility of high-quality blueberry production in a controlled environment under artificial light conditions with some cultivars.
{"title":"Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Blueberry in a Controlled Room under Artificial Light","authors":"Thanda Aung, Muramatsu Yukinari, N. Horiuchi, Jingai Che, Y. Mochizuki, I. Ogiwara","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-110","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify the plant growth and fruit quality of blueberry in a controlled room under artificial light. Cultivars used were a northern highbush ‘Blueray’, and two southern highbush, ‘Misty’ and ‘Sharpblue’. A comparative study was carried out of growth characteristics, photosynthetic potential and fruit quality analysis in different growing environments, in particular focusing on plants growing in a glasshouse under natural sunlight and plants in a controlled room under artificial light. Environmental conditions of the controlled room under artificial light were 15 to 25°C, 50 to 70% humidity, 150 to 350 μmol·m−2·s−1 light intensity, and a 10-hour photoperiod from the primary experiment. In these growing environments, normal fruits developed from all the tested cultivars by successful growth without decreasing plant vigor and leaf photosynthetic ability until fruit harvesting time compared to the cultivars grown in the glasshouse under natural sunlight condition. Moreover, it was confirmed that high-quality fruits could be harvested in a controlled environment to increase fruit production with high SSC % and high anthocyanin content but low acid % in ‘Blueray’ and ‘Misty’, but not ‘Sharpblue’. Finally, this report presents the possibility of high-quality blueberry production in a controlled environment under artificial light conditions with some cultivars.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hanada, A. Watari, T. Kibe, H. Yamane, A. Wünsch, T. Gradziel, Y. Sasabe, H. Yaegaki, M. Yamaguchi, R. Tao
1Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 2Unidad de Fruticultura, CITA de Aragon, Apartado 727, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain 3Department of Plant Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 4Research Institute for Agriculture, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Akaiwa 7090801, Japan 5NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba 305-8605, Japan
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