Pub Date : 1994-06-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.20.253
Takako Kaneda, Tougen Masauji, Noriko Satoh, M. Nakata
We have constructed an in-house database by using a method that employs the commercial application software called “The CARD” . This was done after modifying the formulary data using the word processor program “Ichitaro” . The derived database offers selected information which permits the retrieval of such specifics as drug names, dosages, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, drug interactions, and precautions.
{"title":"Construction of an In-house Database by Modifying Formulary's Data","authors":"Takako Kaneda, Tougen Masauji, Noriko Satoh, M. Nakata","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.20.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.20.253","url":null,"abstract":"We have constructed an in-house database by using a method that employs the commercial application software called “The CARD” . This was done after modifying the formulary data using the word processor program “Ichitaro” . The derived database offers selected information which permits the retrieval of such specifics as drug names, dosages, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, drug interactions, and precautions.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91392082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Hirata, S. Tanaka, M. Ashihara, S. Tsukamoto, N. Sugioka, H. Kishimoto, T. Yoshikawa, T. Tanigawa, Y. Naito, M. Kondo, Kazuto Nosaka
Liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase (L-SOD) was prepared with a view to prolonging the half-life and pharmacodynamic action time. Presome® was adopted as a phospholipid in the preparation of L-SOD.L-SOD was sterilized through polycarbonate membrane filters having pore diameters of 0.2 μm and 0.4μm. The liposomal particle size, as measured by the dynamic light scattering method, was 198±40 nm. Effective SOD encapsulation efficiency was approximately 25.8%.Immediately after the i.v. injection of L-SOD into rats, blood levels of SOD decreased in a bi-exponential manner; the half-lives of the α-and β-phases were 16.6 minutes and 7.8 hours, respectively.AUC and MRT increased as compared with the i. v. injection of r-hSOD (free SOD), The SOD-activity in plasma was on a low level.These results suggested that still more L-SOD was trapped in the reticulo-endothelial system (RES), involving such organs as in the liver and spleen.In an effect to increase the SOD activity in plasma and prolong the circulation time of liposomes in blood, we prepared L-SOD modified with polyethyleneglycol derivatives (L-SOD/PEG. DOPE; L-SOD/PEG·DMG).After the i. v. injection of L-SOD/PEG·DOPE and L-SOD/PEG·DMG into rats, the SOD activity in plasma became higher and also the circulation time of liposomes in blood became longer as compared with the L-SOD i. v. injection.
{"title":"Preparation of Liposomal-encapsulated SOD and Serum Pharmacokinetics after Intravenous Administration","authors":"I. Hirata, S. Tanaka, M. Ashihara, S. Tsukamoto, N. Sugioka, H. Kishimoto, T. Yoshikawa, T. Tanigawa, Y. Naito, M. Kondo, Kazuto Nosaka","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.20.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.20.1","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase (L-SOD) was prepared with a view to prolonging the half-life and pharmacodynamic action time. Presome® was adopted as a phospholipid in the preparation of L-SOD.L-SOD was sterilized through polycarbonate membrane filters having pore diameters of 0.2 μm and 0.4μm. The liposomal particle size, as measured by the dynamic light scattering method, was 198±40 nm. Effective SOD encapsulation efficiency was approximately 25.8%.Immediately after the i.v. injection of L-SOD into rats, blood levels of SOD decreased in a bi-exponential manner; the half-lives of the α-and β-phases were 16.6 minutes and 7.8 hours, respectively.AUC and MRT increased as compared with the i. v. injection of r-hSOD (free SOD), The SOD-activity in plasma was on a low level.These results suggested that still more L-SOD was trapped in the reticulo-endothelial system (RES), involving such organs as in the liver and spleen.In an effect to increase the SOD activity in plasma and prolong the circulation time of liposomes in blood, we prepared L-SOD modified with polyethyleneglycol derivatives (L-SOD/PEG. DOPE; L-SOD/PEG·DMG).After the i. v. injection of L-SOD/PEG·DOPE and L-SOD/PEG·DMG into rats, the SOD activity in plasma became higher and also the circulation time of liposomes in blood became longer as compared with the L-SOD i. v. injection.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74584966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.464
H. Muro, T. Tatsuhara, K. Otsubo
An automated rate nephelometric assay (Beckman Array 360 System) for phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) was evaluated. The assay offers measuring ranges of 5-120μg/ml serum for PB and 2-40μg/ml for CBZ. The coefficients of variation for within-run and between-run precision for both PB and CBZ were< 5.0%. Test results were not significantly affected by bilirubin-unconjugated (up to 19.2 mg/ dl), bilirubin-conjugated (21.3 mg/dl), hemoglobin (540 mg/dl), turbidity (2070 units), or other antiepileptic drugs. The method produced satisfactory results in dilution tests. Quantitative results obtained by the Array 360 assay on serum samples from patients were compared with those obtained by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) methods. The results correlated well with FPIA (r=0.996 and 0.981 for PB and CBZ, respectively) and EMIT (r=0.994 and 0.983). The Array 360 assay was concluded to be an appropriate and quick method for PB and CBZ determination.
{"title":"Quantitative Determinations of Phenobarbital and Carbamazepine in Serum by Nephelometric Immunoassay","authors":"H. Muro, T. Tatsuhara, K. Otsubo","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.464","url":null,"abstract":"An automated rate nephelometric assay (Beckman Array 360 System) for phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) was evaluated. The assay offers measuring ranges of 5-120μg/ml serum for PB and 2-40μg/ml for CBZ. The coefficients of variation for within-run and between-run precision for both PB and CBZ were< 5.0%. Test results were not significantly affected by bilirubin-unconjugated (up to 19.2 mg/ dl), bilirubin-conjugated (21.3 mg/dl), hemoglobin (540 mg/dl), turbidity (2070 units), or other antiepileptic drugs. The method produced satisfactory results in dilution tests. Quantitative results obtained by the Array 360 assay on serum samples from patients were compared with those obtained by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) methods. The results correlated well with FPIA (r=0.996 and 0.981 for PB and CBZ, respectively) and EMIT (r=0.994 and 0.983). The Array 360 assay was concluded to be an appropriate and quick method for PB and CBZ determination.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"21 1","pages":"464-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89160934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-03-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.129
Eriko Matsubara, Yuichiro Kosugi, Kimiko Kano, Yusuke Matsumoto, H. Shimodaira, Y. Uchida, H. Yuasa, Y. Kanaya
{"title":"Correlation between Accuracy of Dividing Weight and Physical Properties of the Drugs on Automatic Pre-packing Machine","authors":"Eriko Matsubara, Yuichiro Kosugi, Kimiko Kano, Yusuke Matsumoto, H. Shimodaira, Y. Uchida, H. Yuasa, Y. Kanaya","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.19.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"190 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77306913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-08-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.349
J. Hamada, Y. Sawada, Kouichi Nakamura, Yasuhiko Yamada, T. Iga
{"title":"Prediction and Evaluation of Penetration of Drugs into Cerebrospinal Fluid in Human","authors":"J. Hamada, Y. Sawada, Kouichi Nakamura, Yasuhiko Yamada, T. Iga","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"17 1","pages":"349-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91419560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.153
H. Hashimoto, Osamu Kitamura, Reiko Muramatsu, Yumi Sano, Y. Akaike, T. Goto
We investigated the sensitivity of clinical isolates of bacterial strains to antibiotics and the amount of antibiotics dispensed for inpatients in each ward of our hospital.In the surgery ward, Bacteroides sp., E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were frequently isolated, and cephem antibiotics and piperacillin sodium (PIPC) were mainly used, while many isolates were resistant to PIPC.In the neurosurgery ward, frequent isolates were S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, S.epidermidis. In the internal and cardiovascular medicine ward, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae and S.epidermidis were frequent isolates.In these wards, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and cephem antibiotics were mainly used, although most isolates of S.aureus were resistant to these drugs.In the urology ward, Enterococcus sp.and P.aeruginosa were fre quently isolated, whereas cephem antibiotics which were ineffective to these isolates were mainly used.The frequent isolates which were resistant to cephem drugs or IPM/CS probably resulted from the frequent use of these drugs.Considering the present results, choice of antibiotics should be more discussed.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Clinical Isolates of Bacterial Strains to Antibiotics and the Amount of Antibiotics Used for Inpatients","authors":"H. Hashimoto, Osamu Kitamura, Reiko Muramatsu, Yumi Sano, Y. Akaike, T. Goto","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.18.153","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the sensitivity of clinical isolates of bacterial strains to antibiotics and the amount of antibiotics dispensed for inpatients in each ward of our hospital.In the surgery ward, Bacteroides sp., E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were frequently isolated, and cephem antibiotics and piperacillin sodium (PIPC) were mainly used, while many isolates were resistant to PIPC.In the neurosurgery ward, frequent isolates were S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, S.epidermidis. In the internal and cardiovascular medicine ward, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae and S.epidermidis were frequent isolates.In these wards, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and cephem antibiotics were mainly used, although most isolates of S.aureus were resistant to these drugs.In the urology ward, Enterococcus sp.and P.aeruginosa were fre quently isolated, whereas cephem antibiotics which were ineffective to these isolates were mainly used.The frequent isolates which were resistant to cephem drugs or IPM/CS probably resulted from the frequent use of these drugs.Considering the present results, choice of antibiotics should be more discussed.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"25 10 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.399
T. Yoshimura, H. Yamada, M. Hayata, H. Nagai
Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) is one of the useful laboratory tests for identification of allergy to a specific drug.The present study was conducted to examine utility of LST using ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescence assay as a method for diagnosis of drug allergy.In a preliminary experiment, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used instead of suspected drugs.PHA at concentrations between 0.001-1.2% caused an activation of lymphocytes with elevation on stimulation index (SI).Interleukin 2 at concentrations between 1-100 ng/ml enhanced PHA-induced activation of lymphocytes. From these results, LST using EB fluorescence assay would be available for diagnosis of drug allergy.At first we carried out LST on 22 cases of suspicious drug-induced hepatitis.As a result, 9 cases were positive and 13 cases were negative.In order to analyze the relationship between background of the patients and LST, we studied transaminase (GOT and GPT) activities in the sera which were obtained from the patients in different states (remission and acute disease states). As a result, when LST was carried out in remission state, relatively high positive incidence (50%) was obtained.When LST was carried out in acute disease state, positive incidence of LST was low (25%).These results indicate that this method is useful for clinical diagnosis of drug allergy, And in the case of the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis, LST would be recommended to be carried out in remission state.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Drug Allergy by Lymphocyte Stimulation Test with Ethidium Bromide Fluorescence Assay.","authors":"T. Yoshimura, H. Yamada, M. Hayata, H. Nagai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.399","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) is one of the useful laboratory tests for identification of allergy to a specific drug.The present study was conducted to examine utility of LST using ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescence assay as a method for diagnosis of drug allergy.In a preliminary experiment, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used instead of suspected drugs.PHA at concentrations between 0.001-1.2% caused an activation of lymphocytes with elevation on stimulation index (SI).Interleukin 2 at concentrations between 1-100 ng/ml enhanced PHA-induced activation of lymphocytes. From these results, LST using EB fluorescence assay would be available for diagnosis of drug allergy.At first we carried out LST on 22 cases of suspicious drug-induced hepatitis.As a result, 9 cases were positive and 13 cases were negative.In order to analyze the relationship between background of the patients and LST, we studied transaminase (GOT and GPT) activities in the sera which were obtained from the patients in different states (remission and acute disease states). As a result, when LST was carried out in remission state, relatively high positive incidence (50%) was obtained.When LST was carried out in acute disease state, positive incidence of LST was low (25%).These results indicate that this method is useful for clinical diagnosis of drug allergy, And in the case of the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis, LST would be recommended to be carried out in remission state.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"98 1","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76120355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-08-20DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.270
S. Kawai, T. Oh-E, T. Takashima, O. Ogino, Katsumi Miyazaki, G. Irie, T. Kudo
The prescription ordering system has been on-lined to a fully automatic tablet packaging machine in order to transmit the host data for inpatient periodical prescription.In this time, we tried to improve the method of transmitting the host data for prescription and drug files in the data converter, and also tried to change the operating machine for one dose packaging in order to dispense tablets more automatically.These resulted in the success of the automatic one dose packaging without modifying the host data by hand, even if the amount of drug component or unequal dispensing was inputted to the computer for prescription.Drug files enable to be changed automatically by using the hard disk in case of the partial replacement of tablet cassettes in the fully automatic tablet packaging machine.Moreover, the new operating machine for one dose packaging enables to input the data by hand easier and to record the amount of tablet consumed over all tablets automatically.
{"title":"Prescription Ordering System in Hokkaido University Hospital (2) : Improvements of On-lined Automatic Tablet Packaging System","authors":"S. Kawai, T. Oh-E, T. Takashima, O. Ogino, Katsumi Miyazaki, G. Irie, T. Kudo","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.270","url":null,"abstract":"The prescription ordering system has been on-lined to a fully automatic tablet packaging machine in order to transmit the host data for inpatient periodical prescription.In this time, we tried to improve the method of transmitting the host data for prescription and drug files in the data converter, and also tried to change the operating machine for one dose packaging in order to dispense tablets more automatically.These resulted in the success of the automatic one dose packaging without modifying the host data by hand, even if the amount of drug component or unequal dispensing was inputted to the computer for prescription.Drug files enable to be changed automatically by using the hard disk in case of the partial replacement of tablet cassettes in the fully automatic tablet packaging machine.Moreover, the new operating machine for one dose packaging enables to input the data by hand easier and to record the amount of tablet consumed over all tablets automatically.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"29 1","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74245571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-06-20DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.17.123
大輔 手嶋, 祐滋 上田, 紀子 田中, 二神 幸次郎, 健司 大坪, 駿 樋口, 敏信 青山
Recently, the acute drug poisonings have been increasing in Japan.Therefore, the accurate and rapid screening method of unknown drug caused poisoing has occupied the more important position in acute medicine.Though many kinds of chromatographies and spectrophotometries have been used to screen the unknown drug caused the poisoning, there is no proper method in Japan from the standpoint of utility and rapidity.Therefore, the practical use of the TOXILAB system (Marion) developed in USA was examined this time.Twenty-five drugs caused frequently acute poisoning were selected and added to the serum, urine and artificial gastric fluid.We investigated both the separation and the lower limit of detection of the drugs by TOXI-LAB system.The separative spots obtained on the TOXIGRAMs were compared to the authentic samples by HPLC.Furthermore, we applied the TOXILAB system to the patient sample in the acute poisoning and examined the utility of this system. Seven kinds of drug, i. e. agricultural medicines, theophylline, diphenhydramine and bromvalerylurea, could not be detected.It was confirmed that prednisolone, acetaminophen, phenacetin, hydroxyzine, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, amobarbital and amitriptyline were detected even at half or a quarter of the lower limit of detection recorded in a TOXI-LAB compendium.Each spot on the TOXI-GRAM was in agreement with the authentic sample in HPLC.TOXI-LAB system is considered to be a very useful screening method if the drug caused acute poisoning could be predicted to some extent.
{"title":"TOXI-LABシステム(急性薬物中毒分析法)の評価","authors":"大輔 手嶋, 祐滋 上田, 紀子 田中, 二神 幸次郎, 健司 大坪, 駿 樋口, 敏信 青山","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.17.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.17.123","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the acute drug poisonings have been increasing in Japan.Therefore, the accurate and rapid screening method of unknown drug caused poisoing has occupied the more important position in acute medicine.Though many kinds of chromatographies and spectrophotometries have been used to screen the unknown drug caused the poisoning, there is no proper method in Japan from the standpoint of utility and rapidity.Therefore, the practical use of the TOXILAB system (Marion) developed in USA was examined this time.Twenty-five drugs caused frequently acute poisoning were selected and added to the serum, urine and artificial gastric fluid.We investigated both the separation and the lower limit of detection of the drugs by TOXI-LAB system.The separative spots obtained on the TOXIGRAMs were compared to the authentic samples by HPLC.Furthermore, we applied the TOXILAB system to the patient sample in the acute poisoning and examined the utility of this system. Seven kinds of drug, i. e. agricultural medicines, theophylline, diphenhydramine and bromvalerylurea, could not be detected.It was confirmed that prednisolone, acetaminophen, phenacetin, hydroxyzine, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, amobarbital and amitriptyline were detected even at half or a quarter of the lower limit of detection recorded in a TOXI-LAB compendium.Each spot on the TOXI-GRAM was in agreement with the authentic sample in HPLC.TOXI-LAB system is considered to be a very useful screening method if the drug caused acute poisoning could be predicted to some extent.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of age and drug combination therapy on carbamazepine (CBZ) serum level-dose (L/D) ratio and valproic acid (VPA) L/D ratio was investigated in 442 pediatric patients.The CBZ or VPA L/D ratio increased linearly with the increase in the age of pediatric patients (p<0.001).Concomitant administration of antiepileptic drugs affected those L/D ratios, which were significantly reduced in patients on polypharmacy as compared to those on monopharmacy.Therefore, routine monitoring of CBZ and VPA serum levels would be extremely useful, especially in pediatric age group and in patients required combined antiepileptic medication.
{"title":"Serum Levels of Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid in Pediatric Patients. Influence of Age and Drug Combination Therapy of L/D Ratios.","authors":"Suzuki Akito, 彰人 鈴木, 栄二 湯川, Yukawa Eiji, 健司 大坪, Ohtsubo Kenji, 一郎 家入, Ieiri Ichiro, 大輔 手嶋, Teshima Daisuke, 駿 樋口, Higuchi Shun, 敏信 青山, Aoyama Toshinobu","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.17.26","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of age and drug combination therapy on carbamazepine (CBZ) serum level-dose (L/D) ratio and valproic acid (VPA) L/D ratio was investigated in 442 pediatric patients.The CBZ or VPA L/D ratio increased linearly with the increase in the age of pediatric patients (p<0.001).Concomitant administration of antiepileptic drugs affected those L/D ratios, which were significantly reduced in patients on polypharmacy as compared to those on monopharmacy.Therefore, routine monitoring of CBZ and VPA serum levels would be extremely useful, especially in pediatric age group and in patients required combined antiepileptic medication.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"154 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75731640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：