Pub Date : 1998-10-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.479
Kenichi Toraishi, Noriko Nakamura, Yoichi Yuizono, M. Mori, Masaki Yamada, Tukasa Takahashi, M. Kurokawa
In order to improve children's compliance in taking bitter medicine, a gel base confectionery, which immediately changes into a jelly from after adding a special liquid, was used to mask the characteristic taste of the medicament. In pre-clinical trials, this jelly was evaluated by six adult volunteers who all reported the bitter taste to distinctly disappear in the jelly-formed quinia compared to a the powder of this medicine. Furthermore, we confirmed no comparable changes to exist in the serum levels of acetaminophene between acetaminophene alone and the gelbasemedicament mixture by oral administration. A clinical trial in three pediatric patients, who usually refuse medication because the bitter taste of the drugs, resulted in a 100% drug compliance for these children.
{"title":"An Application of a Rapid Jelly-Forming Confectionery for Improving Children's Compliance in Taking Bitter Medicines","authors":"Kenichi Toraishi, Noriko Nakamura, Yoichi Yuizono, M. Mori, Masaki Yamada, Tukasa Takahashi, M. Kurokawa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.479","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve children's compliance in taking bitter medicine, a gel base confectionery, which immediately changes into a jelly from after adding a special liquid, was used to mask the characteristic taste of the medicament. In pre-clinical trials, this jelly was evaluated by six adult volunteers who all reported the bitter taste to distinctly disappear in the jelly-formed quinia compared to a the powder of this medicine. Furthermore, we confirmed no comparable changes to exist in the serum levels of acetaminophene between acetaminophene alone and the gelbasemedicament mixture by oral administration. A clinical trial in three pediatric patients, who usually refuse medication because the bitter taste of the drugs, resulted in a 100% drug compliance for these children.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"10 1","pages":"479-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80963999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prescription order entry systems began to be introduced into university hospitals a decade ago. Compared to the handwritten prescription system, the computerized system offers a lot of advantages and possibilities. Some issues are arguable. We conducted research similar to this report two years ago. Since then, however, several institutions have introduced a prescription order entry system and/or added new functions to their systems.Therefore, we again carried out our survey concerning prescription order entry system used in university hospitals and analyzed the present status of the systems and its evaluation by physicians. We compared the results with those obtained from our previous survey. In most institutions where a prescription order entry system is being used, more than 80% of doctors answered that the “Do prescription function” and the “I nput check on entry” were useful. Evaluation of the other functions by doctors showed a tendency to be low, though institutions which provided these functions were too few to drow make a significant conclusion. It was proved that introduction of a prescription order entry system contributed to making prescription order entry more efficient because it was able to save labor necessary to writing prescriptions and to having to write it again on a chart, avoid the duplication of prescriptions among different departments, and diminish clarification calls from the pharmacy.We found that doctors using prescription order entry systems give them high ratings but were dissatisfied with their processing speed. It was suggested that comparison and examination be made of models of machines and versions of systems used by the respective institutions.
{"title":"大学病院における処方（外来）オーダエントリシステムの現状およびシステム利用医師側からの評価","authors":"有子 酒井, 孝男 折井, 志謹 劉, 隆夫 青山, 幸一 中村, 一 小瀧, 櫻井 恒太郎, 成允 開原, 立二 伊賀","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.409","url":null,"abstract":"Prescription order entry systems began to be introduced into university hospitals a decade ago. Compared to the handwritten prescription system, the computerized system offers a lot of advantages and possibilities. Some issues are arguable. We conducted research similar to this report two years ago. Since then, however, several institutions have introduced a prescription order entry system and/or added new functions to their systems.Therefore, we again carried out our survey concerning prescription order entry system used in university hospitals and analyzed the present status of the systems and its evaluation by physicians. We compared the results with those obtained from our previous survey. In most institutions where a prescription order entry system is being used, more than 80% of doctors answered that the “Do prescription function” and the “I nput check on entry” were useful. Evaluation of the other functions by doctors showed a tendency to be low, though institutions which provided these functions were too few to drow make a significant conclusion. It was proved that introduction of a prescription order entry system contributed to making prescription order entry more efficient because it was able to save labor necessary to writing prescriptions and to having to write it again on a chart, avoid the duplication of prescriptions among different departments, and diminish clarification calls from the pharmacy.We found that doctors using prescription order entry systems give them high ratings but were dissatisfied with their processing speed. It was suggested that comparison and examination be made of models of machines and versions of systems used by the respective institutions.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"409-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76630041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-08-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.383
K. Tanizawa, H. Ohashi
KREMEZIN® (KR) is an oral adsorbent of spherical carbon, administered to patients with chronic renal failure to prolong the time between hemodialysis through adsorbing uremic toxins in the digestive tract. However, KR has been considered to adsorb not only uremic toxins but also other relative medicines. Therefore, it seems that administration of KR concomitantly with other medicines should be avoided, its influence has not been studied in detail yet. We studied the interaction of KR and aspirin (ASA) as model medicines, in vitro and in five healthy volunteers.In vitro, the interaction of KR and ASA was studied in 1 St and 2 nd JP XIII solution at 37°C, and the concentration of ASA was decreased after 6 hours in the solutions. Healthy volunteers were administered ASA (810 mg) alone or ASA with KR (2 g) at the same time or 1 hour later, and we continuously monitored the serum concentration of salicylates, the metabolites of ASA. The simultaneous administration with KR was found to significantly lower the Cmax and AUC compared with ASA alone or 1 hour later.These findings suggested that KR adsorbs ASA in the digestive tract when administered simultaneously and thus that KR should be administered 1 hour or more after ASA.
{"title":"Influence of KREMEZIN on Serum Concentration in Aspirin Administration.","authors":"K. Tanizawa, H. Ohashi","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.383","url":null,"abstract":"KREMEZIN® (KR) is an oral adsorbent of spherical carbon, administered to patients with chronic renal failure to prolong the time between hemodialysis through adsorbing uremic toxins in the digestive tract. However, KR has been considered to adsorb not only uremic toxins but also other relative medicines. Therefore, it seems that administration of KR concomitantly with other medicines should be avoided, its influence has not been studied in detail yet. We studied the interaction of KR and aspirin (ASA) as model medicines, in vitro and in five healthy volunteers.In vitro, the interaction of KR and ASA was studied in 1 St and 2 nd JP XIII solution at 37°C, and the concentration of ASA was decreased after 6 hours in the solutions. Healthy volunteers were administered ASA (810 mg) alone or ASA with KR (2 g) at the same time or 1 hour later, and we continuously monitored the serum concentration of salicylates, the metabolites of ASA. The simultaneous administration with KR was found to significantly lower the Cmax and AUC compared with ASA alone or 1 hour later.These findings suggested that KR adsorbs ASA in the digestive tract when administered simultaneously and thus that KR should be administered 1 hour or more after ASA.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"41 1","pages":"383-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80663897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.277
Tomoaki Sato, D. Teshima, T. Sendo, M. Hirakawa, Y. Nakao, Y. Kataoka, R. Oishi
We studied the influence of in-line filtration with various types of filters on the delivery and distribution of particle diameter in the delivey of fat emulsion (10% and 20% Intralipos). The filtration rate of fat emulsion solely by gravity varied with the pore size (0.8 and 1.2 μm) and the materials (mixed esters of cellulose, posidyne nylon 66 and polyethersulfone of filters). The use of an IVEX-PF filter caused occlusion at the initial stage of infusion of fat emulsion. The filtration rate through TNA1 was much lower than those of the other 1.2 μm filters over the whole infusion period. This finding might be interpreted to occur due to the characteristics of the filter suface. IV-1200 and Nutrivex filters showed a higher and more stable filtration rate than the other 1.2 μm filters. The concentration and the average particle diameter and distribution of fat emulsion were not affected by the filtration through any of the filters examined. In conclusion, the fat emulsion could befiltered with 1.2 μmfilters solely by gravity and its phannaceutical stability was also sufficiently maintained during the filtration.
{"title":"Influence of In-Line Filtration in the Delivery of Fat Emulsion","authors":"Tomoaki Sato, D. Teshima, T. Sendo, M. Hirakawa, Y. Nakao, Y. Kataoka, R. Oishi","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.277","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the influence of in-line filtration with various types of filters on the delivery and distribution of particle diameter in the delivey of fat emulsion (10% and 20% Intralipos). The filtration rate of fat emulsion solely by gravity varied with the pore size (0.8 and 1.2 μm) and the materials (mixed esters of cellulose, posidyne nylon 66 and polyethersulfone of filters). The use of an IVEX-PF filter caused occlusion at the initial stage of infusion of fat emulsion. The filtration rate through TNA1 was much lower than those of the other 1.2 μm filters over the whole infusion period. This finding might be interpreted to occur due to the characteristics of the filter suface. IV-1200 and Nutrivex filters showed a higher and more stable filtration rate than the other 1.2 μm filters. The concentration and the average particle diameter and distribution of fat emulsion were not affected by the filtration through any of the filters examined. In conclusion, the fat emulsion could befiltered with 1.2 μmfilters solely by gravity and its phannaceutical stability was also sufficiently maintained during the filtration.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"86 1","pages":"277-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91036792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.179
T. Sugiyama, Miwako Takada, T. Shibayama, Y. Katagiri
A computerized support system for dispensing powder drugs was developed in connection with the prescription order entry system already in operation. This system incorporates three functions: verification of dispensing of powders, checking of refilling of powders into their stock bottles, and controlling powder dividing. During powder dispensing, the system is capable of collating the stock bottle powders with the prescribed powders, and of collating the amount of powders weighted by the pharmacist with that prescribed by the physician. When the name and amount of powders dispensed match those of the powders prescribed, the pharmacist can then dispense the next prescription. At refilling of powders into their respective stock bottles, the system which then permits the pharmacist to refill the stock bottle powders ensures the matching of the stock bottle with the original powder container. On dividing and packaging of powders using the powder divider, the system sets the diving number to powder divider, and the patient's name, prescription number and drug envelope number are printed on each unit-dose package. Checking this printed information enables the pharmacist to enclose correctly the unit-dose packages in their proper drug envelope. Since this on-line system facilitates all aspects of the powder dispensing process, we believe that it is particularly useful in preventing dispensing errors.
{"title":"Computerized Checking System for Powder Drug Dispensing Utilizing Data from Prescription Order Entry System","authors":"T. Sugiyama, Miwako Takada, T. Shibayama, Y. Katagiri","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.179","url":null,"abstract":"A computerized support system for dispensing powder drugs was developed in connection with the prescription order entry system already in operation. This system incorporates three functions: verification of dispensing of powders, checking of refilling of powders into their stock bottles, and controlling powder dividing. During powder dispensing, the system is capable of collating the stock bottle powders with the prescribed powders, and of collating the amount of powders weighted by the pharmacist with that prescribed by the physician. When the name and amount of powders dispensed match those of the powders prescribed, the pharmacist can then dispense the next prescription. At refilling of powders into their respective stock bottles, the system which then permits the pharmacist to refill the stock bottle powders ensures the matching of the stock bottle with the original powder container. On dividing and packaging of powders using the powder divider, the system sets the diving number to powder divider, and the patient's name, prescription number and drug envelope number are printed on each unit-dose package. Checking this printed information enables the pharmacist to enclose correctly the unit-dose packages in their proper drug envelope. Since this on-line system facilitates all aspects of the powder dispensing process, we believe that it is particularly useful in preventing dispensing errors.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"61 1","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75842879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.163
Ayako Goto, Y. Kurosaki, M. Moriyama, Katusi Furuno, Sigeru Goto, Y. Gomita, H. Kawasaki
The methods for oral administration of the powdered antiepileptic drugs in 82 infant patients with epilepsy, who had been hospitalized in the Department of Child Neurology, were analyzed retrospectively for the 26 month term from the beginning of October 1993 to the end of December 1995. Of the antiepileptic drugs, sodium valproate (VPA) was prescribed the most. The powdered dosage form was the most frequently prescribed. Analysis of the method for taking pewders revealed the respective percentages of 36.6, 2.4, 4.9, 13.4, and 42.7%, for the ratio of suspension, jelly-like form, others,and intact. These results suggest that the dosage form is an important affecting the treatment of infant patients with epilepsy when prescribing antiepileptic medication is considered. Clearly essential is intensive research for developing a new dosage form of antiepileptic drugs for aiding in improving the quality of life of the child patients.
{"title":"Analysis of Method for Oral Administration of Powdered Dosage Form of Antiepileptic Drugs in Child Patients with Epilepsy","authors":"Ayako Goto, Y. Kurosaki, M. Moriyama, Katusi Furuno, Sigeru Goto, Y. Gomita, H. Kawasaki","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.163","url":null,"abstract":"The methods for oral administration of the powdered antiepileptic drugs in 82 infant patients with epilepsy, who had been hospitalized in the Department of Child Neurology, were analyzed retrospectively for the 26 month term from the beginning of October 1993 to the end of December 1995. Of the antiepileptic drugs, sodium valproate (VPA) was prescribed the most. The powdered dosage form was the most frequently prescribed. Analysis of the method for taking pewders revealed the respective percentages of 36.6, 2.4, 4.9, 13.4, and 42.7%, for the ratio of suspension, jelly-like form, others,and intact. These results suggest that the dosage form is an important affecting the treatment of infant patients with epilepsy when prescribing antiepileptic medication is considered. Clearly essential is intensive research for developing a new dosage form of antiepileptic drugs for aiding in improving the quality of life of the child patients.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"163-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89661687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-02-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.63
文良 小嶋, 秀範 中村, 徹 東海林, 仁暢 友池, 義人 仲川
In order to investigate the efficacy of pharmaceutical instruction including the instructions for use of a metered dose inhaler by inpatients with chronic bronchial asthma, intervals of hospital visits, therapeutic scores in the prescription and in the consulting room were assessed in twelve patients who were treated at Yamagata University Hospital. No patients who re-entered the hospital were recognized after their discharge from the hospital (12.8-30.4 months). The mean times of exacerbation needed for the intra-venous injection of steroids and/or aminophylline during the one year period before and after the last hospitalization in which pharmaceutical instructions were given, were 2.8 and 1.6, respectively. One of the 12 patients received the injections for treatment of asthma only one time during the one year period. In seven patients who received oral corticosteroids at discharge, three patients were able to discontinue and two patients were able to decrease their dosage. Although it was difficult to obtain any specific contribution ratio on their clinical efficacy, the pharmaceutical service including usage instruction of the metered dose inhaler by pharmacists to the patients with bronchial asthma was found to be useful especially for patients who had been repeatedly hospitalized.
{"title":"気管支喘息による入院患者への定量噴霧式吸入剤 (MDI) の吸入指導効果の臨床評価","authors":"文良 小嶋, 秀範 中村, 徹 東海林, 仁暢 友池, 義人 仲川","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.24.63","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the efficacy of pharmaceutical instruction including the instructions for use of a metered dose inhaler by inpatients with chronic bronchial asthma, intervals of hospital visits, therapeutic scores in the prescription and in the consulting room were assessed in twelve patients who were treated at Yamagata University Hospital. No patients who re-entered the hospital were recognized after their discharge from the hospital (12.8-30.4 months). The mean times of exacerbation needed for the intra-venous injection of steroids and/or aminophylline during the one year period before and after the last hospitalization in which pharmaceutical instructions were given, were 2.8 and 1.6, respectively. One of the 12 patients received the injections for treatment of asthma only one time during the one year period. In seven patients who received oral corticosteroids at discharge, three patients were able to discontinue and two patients were able to decrease their dosage. Although it was difficult to obtain any specific contribution ratio on their clinical efficacy, the pharmaceutical service including usage instruction of the metered dose inhaler by pharmacists to the patients with bronchial asthma was found to be useful especially for patients who had been repeatedly hospitalized.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"84 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83825525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.33
M. Moriyama, K. Furuno, S. Yamashita, H. Kawasaki, S. Sanada, E. Oka, Y. Gomita
Various dosage forms of valproic acid (VPA) prescribed for 53 child patients with epilepsy were analyzed. These patients were all given medication instructions during hospitalization at the department of Child Neurology for 21 months from 1 October 1993 to the end of June 1995. Patients less than 1 year old, who were treated with VPA, represented the largest group in our study. The prescription frequency of syrup, fine granules, long-active granules, tablets and longactive tablets in VPA dosage forms was 39, 23, 15, 15 and 8%, respectively. The selection of dosage form changed from liquid form to the powder and then to the tablet as the patient age increased. These results suggest that various dosage forms of antiepileptics such as VPA contribute to not only the pharmacotherapy of such child patients with epilepsy but also to an improvement in their quality of life.
{"title":"Medication Instructions for Child Patients with Epilepsy (III) : Prescription Analysis of the Dosage Form for Valproic Acid","authors":"M. Moriyama, K. Furuno, S. Yamashita, H. Kawasaki, S. Sanada, E. Oka, Y. Gomita","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.33","url":null,"abstract":"Various dosage forms of valproic acid (VPA) prescribed for 53 child patients with epilepsy were analyzed. These patients were all given medication instructions during hospitalization at the department of Child Neurology for 21 months from 1 October 1993 to the end of June 1995. Patients less than 1 year old, who were treated with VPA, represented the largest group in our study. The prescription frequency of syrup, fine granules, long-active granules, tablets and longactive tablets in VPA dosage forms was 39, 23, 15, 15 and 8%, respectively. The selection of dosage form changed from liquid form to the powder and then to the tablet as the patient age increased. These results suggest that various dosage forms of antiepileptics such as VPA contribute to not only the pharmacotherapy of such child patients with epilepsy but also to an improvement in their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78441152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.393
H. Yoshida, Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, R. Yamashita, A. Kamiya
A computer system was developed to improve the preparation procedures of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) for patients with such affections as acute renal failure and short-bowel syndrome, and its utility was evaluated with the novel indices: compatibility of prescription (C), ease of IVH preparation (E), design time of prescription (t), and objective index (C*E/t). The computer system was developed using the d-Base III programming software. The mixing volume of elemental solutions were either calculated with this computer system or hand calculated depending on the kind of IVH prescription. The mixing volumes of each component could be easily and quickly determined and the prescriptions satisfactorily prepared. While in the novel indices, the compatibility and ease of preparation were slightly improved, the design time was markedly shortened and the objective index was markedly improved using the computer system compared with the hand calculation. When this program was used to educate new pharmacists, the key points of IVH preparations were more rapidly understood. These results indicate that our computer system was very useful to the preparation of specific IVH prescriptions for severe patients, was also very effective in the education of IVH preparations to new pharmacists, and that the novel indices were more useful in evaluating the IVH preparation procedures.
{"title":"Development of a Computer System for Supporting Intravenous Hyperalimentation (IVH) Preparation Procedures","authors":"H. Yoshida, Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, R. Yamashita, A. Kamiya","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.24.393","url":null,"abstract":"A computer system was developed to improve the preparation procedures of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) for patients with such affections as acute renal failure and short-bowel syndrome, and its utility was evaluated with the novel indices: compatibility of prescription (C), ease of IVH preparation (E), design time of prescription (t), and objective index (C*E/t). The computer system was developed using the d-Base III programming software. The mixing volume of elemental solutions were either calculated with this computer system or hand calculated depending on the kind of IVH prescription. The mixing volumes of each component could be easily and quickly determined and the prescriptions satisfactorily prepared. While in the novel indices, the compatibility and ease of preparation were slightly improved, the design time was markedly shortened and the objective index was markedly improved using the computer system compared with the hand calculation. When this program was used to educate new pharmacists, the key points of IVH preparations were more rapidly understood. These results indicate that our computer system was very useful to the preparation of specific IVH prescriptions for severe patients, was also very effective in the education of IVH preparations to new pharmacists, and that the novel indices were more useful in evaluating the IVH preparation procedures.","PeriodicalId":17399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nippon Hospital Pharmacists Association","volume":"31 1","pages":"393-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87065419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.23.392
Y. Mimaki, K. Eto, H. Kawasaki, Y. Gomita
The relationship between changes in plasma amino acid and histological findings in the process of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury was studied in rats intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 at 0.2 ml/kg twice a week for 5 weeks. The degree of CCl4-induced liver injury was evaluated by measuring serum GPT activity, and the correlation between serum GPT activity and histological changes was investigated. In the histopathological study, diffuse centrilobular necrosis, coagulation necrosis, acidophilic, ballooning and fatty degeneration, fibrosis, and the formation of pseudolobule of hepatocytes were observed in the liver after CCl4 administration. Serum GPT activity was elevated after CCl4 administration and well-correlated with the histologic score of liver injury (r=0.887, p< 0.01). The coagulation necrosis changes and the pseudolobule formation caused by fibrosis proliferation were marked in the rats showing serum GPT activity of more than 500 unit.The plasma amino acid concentrations increased in the development process of CCl4-induced liver injury except for that of branched chain amino acids, which decreased with an increase severity of liver damage. The molar ratio of Val+Ile+Leu/Tyr+Phe (Fischer ratio) decreased in parallel to the increase in severity of liver parenchymal damage. The decrease in the Fischer ratio was correlated with serum GPT (r=-0.800), serum GOT (r=-0.711) and histologic scores (r=-0.851). These results suggest that plasma amino acid imbalance occurs prior to liver cirrhosis induced by severe liver damage, and that serum GPT and GOT activities and the Fischer ratio are closely correlated to the histological findings in the development process of CCl4-induced liver injury.
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