Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118164
Jiaqi He , Shaoyi Li , Minghao Xue , Peng Ji , Jingkun Yu , Lei Yuan
To overcome the inherent limitations in the physical properties of pure BaZrO3 ceramics, a solid-state reaction was employed to fabricate Yb-doped BaZrO3 ceramics with Yb doping levels of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. The phase composition, defect structure, grain refinement mechanisms, and the impact of Yb doping concentration on the physical properties of the obtained ceramics was systematically studied. XRD analysis confirms that Yb dissolved into the Zr site of BaZrO3. The secondary phase Yb2Zr2O7 precipitates at grain boundaries when the Yb dopant concentration exceeds 3 wt%. The average grain size decreases significantly from 6 μm to 0.44 μm with the increasing of Yb dopping amount. This grain refinement arises from the decreased mobility of grain boundaries during sintering, resulting from both the point defect (such as ) due to Yb doping and the pinning effect exerted by the secondary Yb2Zr2O7 phase. The compressive strength peaks at 198 MPa for 3 wt% Yb doping, while thermal conductivity progressively decreases to 3.061 W·m−1·K−1 with Yb increasing dopant concentration. The improvement in physical properties stems from the synergistic effect of grain size, porosity, and point defects.
{"title":"Origin of grain refinement and influence on physical properties in Yb-doped BaZrO3 ceramics","authors":"Jiaqi He , Shaoyi Li , Minghao Xue , Peng Ji , Jingkun Yu , Lei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the inherent limitations in the physical properties of pure BaZrO<sub>3</sub> ceramics, a solid-state reaction was employed to fabricate Yb-doped BaZrO<sub>3</sub> ceramics with Yb doping levels of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. The phase composition, defect structure, grain refinement mechanisms, and the impact of Yb doping concentration on the physical properties of the obtained ceramics was systematically studied. XRD analysis confirms that Yb dissolved into the Zr site of BaZrO<sub>3</sub>. The secondary phase Yb<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> precipitates at grain boundaries when the Yb dopant concentration exceeds 3 wt%. The average grain size decreases significantly from 6 μm to 0.44 μm with the increasing of Yb dopping amount. This grain refinement arises from the decreased mobility of grain boundaries during sintering, resulting from both the point defect (such as <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mtext>V</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>O</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>••</mtext></mrow></msubsup></math></span>) due to Yb doping and the pinning effect exerted by the secondary Yb<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> phase. The compressive strength peaks at 198 MPa for 3 wt% Yb doping, while thermal conductivity progressively decreases to 3.061 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> with Yb increasing dopant concentration. The improvement in physical properties stems from the synergistic effect of grain size, porosity, and point defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118162
Xiaochen Wu , Lianyi Wang , Yong Ma , Ruixiao Zheng , Haolin Ma , Lu Li , Yuli Chen , Chaoli Ma , Shengkai Gong
By optimizing the BN/SiC dual-layer interphase in SiCf/SiC composites, this work significantly enhances high-temperature mechanical properties. The thickness of the SiC layer was designed to be 0 nm (000T), 500 nm (500T) and 900 nm (900T). Introducing a SiC interphase improved crack deflection, with thickness having little effect on this function. The 900T specimen exhibited excellent ultimate tensile strength (267 ± 7 MPa) and failure strain (0.89 ± 0.03 %) at 1350 °C in air. Its lower density and Young’s modulus increased the proportional limit stress and reduced the crack opening displacement (COD), minimizing the oxidation-induced fiber damage. In-situ tensile tests confirmed smaller COD in 900T than in 500T. Acoustic emission data indicated that an appropriate SiC layer thickness delays fiber fracture, maintaining mechanical properties in oxidative environments. This work provides new and deep insights for the low-cost and efficient preparation of high-performance SiCf/SiC composites.
{"title":"Tuning the BN/SiC dual-layer interphase for superior high-temperature mechanical properties in SiCf/SiC composites","authors":"Xiaochen Wu , Lianyi Wang , Yong Ma , Ruixiao Zheng , Haolin Ma , Lu Li , Yuli Chen , Chaoli Ma , Shengkai Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By optimizing the BN/SiC dual-layer interphase in SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites, this work significantly enhances high-temperature mechanical properties. The thickness of the SiC layer was designed to be 0 nm (000T), 500 nm (500T) and 900 nm (900T). Introducing a SiC interphase improved crack deflection, with thickness having little effect on this function. The 900T specimen exhibited excellent ultimate tensile strength (267 ± 7 MPa) and failure strain (0.89 ± 0.03 %) at 1350 °C in air. Its lower density and Young’s modulus increased the proportional limit stress and reduced the crack opening displacement (COD), minimizing the oxidation-induced fiber damage. <em>In-situ</em> tensile tests confirmed smaller COD in 900T than in 500T. Acoustic emission data indicated that an appropriate SiC layer thickness delays fiber fracture, maintaining mechanical properties in oxidative environments. This work provides new and deep insights for the low-cost and efficient preparation of high-performance SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118163
Liu He , Fei Peng , Jingru Xu , Nan Lin , Dong Ma , Baishan Chen , Weidong Zhang , Shijun Zhao , Zhenggang Wu
High-entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) possess outstanding hardness but constrained by low fracture toughness, limiting structural application. In this work, we propose a novel toughening strategy combining in-situ SiC formation with cationic composition tuning of the HECC matrix. Starting from a (NbTaZrW)C base, MoSi₂ and graphite are introduced as additives to generate finely distributed SiC particles during sintering, while Mo dissolved into the HECC lattice. The resulting (NbTaZrWMo)C–SiC composite exhibits three synergistic toughening mechanisms: (i) abundant growth twins formed within the in situ SiC particles during sintering, effectively alleviating interfacial thermal stresses; (ii) extrinsic toughening via defect-assisted stress accommodation in in-situ SiC particles; and (iii) intrinsic toughening enabled by Mo alloying. The composite achieves a fracture toughness of 8.10.5 MPa·m1/2 while maintaining a high flexural strength of 54930 MPa. This strategy offers a viable route to fabricating HECCs with mechanical performance beyond the reach of conventional composition design or particle reinforcement.
{"title":"Synergistic toughening mechanisms of high-entropy carbide–SiC composites via in-situ reaction strategy","authors":"Liu He , Fei Peng , Jingru Xu , Nan Lin , Dong Ma , Baishan Chen , Weidong Zhang , Shijun Zhao , Zhenggang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) possess outstanding hardness but constrained by low fracture toughness, limiting structural application. In this work, we propose a novel toughening strategy combining in-situ SiC formation with cationic composition tuning of the HECC matrix. Starting from a (NbTaZrW)C base, MoSi₂ and graphite are introduced as additives to generate finely distributed SiC particles during sintering, while Mo dissolved into the HECC lattice. The resulting (NbTaZrWMo)C–SiC composite exhibits three synergistic toughening mechanisms: (i) abundant growth twins formed within the in situ SiC particles during sintering, effectively alleviating interfacial thermal stresses; (ii) extrinsic toughening via defect-assisted stress accommodation in in-situ SiC particles; and (iii) intrinsic toughening enabled by Mo alloying. The composite achieves a fracture toughness of 8.1<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.5 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup> while maintaining a high flexural strength of 549<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>30 MPa. This strategy offers a viable route to fabricating HECCs with mechanical performance beyond the reach of conventional composition design or particle reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research presents a novel UV-assisted drop casting approach for shaping ceramic microbeads from aqueous-based UV-curable alumina suspensions. The work focused on optimising suspension composition and shaping conditions to obtain dense microbeads with high sphericity. The effects of dispersant concentration, solid loading, monomer ratio, and photoinitiator content on rheology and UV curing were systematically investigated. The optimal suspension (42.5 vol% alumina; water:2-hydroxyethyl acrylate:poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate ratio 10:9:1; 5 wt% dispersant; 0.5 wt% photoinitiator) showed shear-thinning behaviour and a cure depth of 580 µm. Shaped droplets were UV-cured in a hydrophobic medium, and thermal analysis enabled controlled debinding and sintering. The best series yielded beads with an average diameter of 1262 µm, circularity up to 0.99, and low dimensional variability. Dense microstructures with minimal porosity were achieved, though surface delamination and grain coarsening occurred. The method enables efficient fabrication of spherical ceramic elements with high structural integrity.
{"title":"UV-assisted drop casting as a novel technique in fabrication of dense ceramic microbeads","authors":"Radoslaw Zurowski , Blanka Seredynska , Karolina Korycka , Aleksandra Szewczyk , Zofia Skowronska , Zofia Kostrzewska , Wiktor Drab , Joanna Tanska , Dominik Wolosz , Anna Wieclaw-Midor , Piotr Wiecinski , Justyna Zygmuntowicz , Dawid Kozien , Paulina Wiecinska , Gustavo Suárez , Pawel Falkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a novel UV-assisted drop casting approach for shaping ceramic microbeads from aqueous-based UV-curable alumina suspensions. The work focused on optimising suspension composition and shaping conditions to obtain dense microbeads with high sphericity. The effects of dispersant concentration, solid loading, monomer ratio, and photoinitiator content on rheology and UV curing were systematically investigated. The optimal suspension (42.5 vol% alumina; water:2-hydroxyethyl acrylate:poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate ratio 10:9:1; 5 wt% dispersant; 0.5 wt% photoinitiator) showed shear-thinning behaviour and a cure depth of 580 µm. Shaped droplets were UV-cured in a hydrophobic medium, and thermal analysis enabled controlled debinding and sintering. The best series yielded beads with an average diameter of 1262 µm, circularity up to 0.99, and low dimensional variability. Dense microstructures with minimal porosity were achieved, though surface delamination and grain coarsening occurred. The method enables efficient fabrication of spherical ceramic elements with high structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118161"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118154
R.T. Bhatt , D. Kiser
Isothermal tensile and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted on a two-dimensional 2D woven SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix (SiC/SiC) composite with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers at 1200, 1300, and 1400 °C in air. The composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), which yielded a crystalline (SiC+Si3N4) matrix. The tension-tension LCF tests were performed with peak stresses ranging from 103 to 173 MPa at an R-ratio of 0.05 and a frequency of 0.333 Hz for up to 2.71 × 105 runout cycles or failure. The specimens that survived runouts were tensile tested at the fatigue testing temperature, and the results were compared with the baseline in-plane tensile properties of as-fabricated composites. Prior fatigue testing caused reduction in both primary elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Fracture surfaces and cross-sectional microstructures of the specimens that failed during tensile and fatigue tests were analyzed to determine failure modes and damage mechanisms.
{"title":"Tensile and low-cycle fatigue behaviors of a SiC/SiC composite at elevated temperatures in air","authors":"R.T. Bhatt , D. Kiser","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isothermal tensile and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted on a two-dimensional 2D woven SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix (SiC/SiC) composite with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers at 1200, 1300, and 1400 °C in air. The composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), which yielded a crystalline (SiC+Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) matrix. The tension-tension LCF tests were performed with peak stresses ranging from 103 to 173 MPa at an R-ratio of 0.05 and a frequency of 0.333 Hz for up to 2.71 × 10<sup>5</sup> runout cycles or failure. The specimens that survived runouts were tensile tested at the fatigue testing temperature, and the results were compared with the baseline in-plane tensile properties of as-fabricated composites. Prior fatigue testing caused reduction in both primary elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Fracture surfaces and cross-sectional microstructures of the specimens that failed during tensile and fatigue tests were analyzed to determine failure modes and damage mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118148
Shixiang Zhou , Zhuofeng Peng , Chunze Yan , Yusheng Shi
The molecular engineering of dispersants plays a critical role in addressing the rheological challenges associated with high solid loading and printability in slurry-based ceramic 3D printing. This review establishes a systematic framework of "dispersant architecture-colloidal state-rheology-sintered performance" to guide the selection and design of dispersants for vat photopolymerization (VPP) and direct ink writing (DIW), which are the dominant slurry-based ceramic 3D printing techniques. The discussion begins with a comparison of the technical characteristics between VPP- and DIW- based ceramic 3D printing, including the forming process, and applications, with a specific emphasis on the different rheological requirements. We further elucidate dispersant design strategies by discussing dispersion mechanism, classification, modification, and characterization methods. The review then highlights how dispersant molecular structure governs rheological behavior, printability, and green-body and sintered properties, enabling tailored performance for structural and functional applications. Finally, this review summarizes dispersant selection criteria and addresses both existing challenges and potential directions for future research.
{"title":"Molecular engineering of dispersants for tailoring rheology in slurry-based ceramic 3D printing: From colloidal control to sintered performance","authors":"Shixiang Zhou , Zhuofeng Peng , Chunze Yan , Yusheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The molecular engineering of dispersants plays a critical role in addressing the rheological challenges associated with high solid loading and printability in slurry-based ceramic 3D printing. This review establishes a systematic framework of \"dispersant architecture-colloidal state-rheology-sintered performance\" to guide the selection and design of dispersants for vat photopolymerization (VPP) and direct ink writing (DIW), which are the dominant slurry-based ceramic 3D printing techniques. The discussion begins with a comparison of the technical characteristics between VPP- and DIW- based ceramic 3D printing, including the forming process, and applications, with a specific emphasis on the different rheological requirements. We further elucidate dispersant design strategies by discussing dispersion mechanism, classification, modification, and characterization methods. The review then highlights how dispersant molecular structure governs rheological behavior, printability, and green-body and sintered properties, enabling tailored performance for structural and functional applications. Finally, this review summarizes dispersant selection criteria and addresses both existing challenges and potential directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118160
Zhongzhuang Zhang , Youqi Li , Yaozheng Li , Zhongtao Luo , Guotian Ye , Yuandong Mu
Despite extensive research on the properties and applications of magnesia alumina spinel (MgAl2O4), the exsolution behavior of spinels with different alumina contents under varying heat-treatment temperatures remains poorly understood. This study investigates the exsolution behavior and crystal structure changes of spinel with different alumina contents under various heat treatment temperatures. We found that onset temperature for exsolution decreases with increasing alumina content. Specifically, 78-spinel and 85-spinel begin to exsolve at 1300 °C, while 90-spinel starts at 1200 °C. At 1300 °C, the alumina content in spinel reaches a minimum, with 78-spinel having the lowest alumina content (76.7 %), followed by 85-spinel (78 %) and 90-spinel (80 %). Experimental exsolution equilibrium alumina contents were higher than theoretical values due to differences in chemical driving forces and ion migration behaviors. During exsolution, Al3 + ions occupying tetrahedral sites are preferentially expelled, leading to a measurable expansion of the spinel lattice.
{"title":"Effect of alumina content on the exsolution behavior and crystal structure of magnesia alumina spinel","authors":"Zhongzhuang Zhang , Youqi Li , Yaozheng Li , Zhongtao Luo , Guotian Ye , Yuandong Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on the properties and applications of magnesia alumina spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), the exsolution behavior of spinels with different alumina contents under varying heat-treatment temperatures remains poorly understood. This study investigates the exsolution behavior and crystal structure changes of spinel with different alumina contents under various heat treatment temperatures. We found that onset temperature for exsolution decreases with increasing alumina content. Specifically, 78-spinel and 85-spinel begin to exsolve at 1300 °C, while 90-spinel starts at 1200 °C. At 1300 °C, the alumina content in spinel reaches a minimum, with 78-spinel having the lowest alumina content (76.7 %), followed by 85-spinel (78 %) and 90-spinel (80 %). Experimental exsolution equilibrium alumina contents were higher than theoretical values due to differences in chemical driving forces and ion migration behaviors. During exsolution, Al<sup>3 +</sup> ions occupying tetrahedral sites are preferentially expelled, leading to a measurable expansion of the spinel lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118159
Clare Sabata, Yue Zhou, Jeremy L. Watts, Gregory E. Hilmas
Zirconium carbide (ZrC) was fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) followed by pressureless sintering at 2000°C for two hours, achieving a relative density of 90.3 %. SEM analysis revealed grains of 4.6 ± 1.8 μm; XRD confirmed single phase ZrC. A stoichiometry of ZrC0.92 was determined by XPS. Four-point flexure testing exhibited a strength of 331.3 ± 57.1 MPa and Young’s modulus of 232.8 ± 13.1 GPa. Vickers hardness was 13.6 ± 1.0 GPa and 11.6 ± 0.5 GPa at 4.91 and 9.81 N, respectively. Indentation fracture resistance was 2.9 ± 0.2 MPa⋅m1/2; Griffith analysis confirmed the largest grains as the critical flaw. Thermal conductivity increased with temperature and was 13.4 W/m·K at room temperature. Electrical resistivity was 122.4 ± 0.5 μΩ⋅cm. This work adds to the viability of additively manufactured ZrC and is the first to report detailed thermal and mechanical properties for ZrC produced by material extrusion AM.
{"title":"Thermal and mechanical properties of zirconium carbide manufactured via ceramic on-demand extrusion","authors":"Clare Sabata, Yue Zhou, Jeremy L. Watts, Gregory E. Hilmas","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium carbide (ZrC) was fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) followed by pressureless sintering at 2000°C for two hours, achieving a relative density of 90.3 %. SEM analysis revealed grains of 4.6 ± 1.8 μm; XRD confirmed single phase ZrC. A stoichiometry of ZrC<sub>0.92</sub> was determined by XPS. Four-point flexure testing exhibited a strength of 331.3 ± 57.1 MPa and Young’s modulus of 232.8 ± 13.1 GPa. Vickers hardness was 13.6 ± 1.0 GPa and 11.6 ± 0.5 GPa at 4.91 and 9.81 N, respectively. Indentation fracture resistance was 2.9 ± 0.2 MPa⋅m<sup>1/2</sup>; Griffith analysis confirmed the largest grains as the critical flaw. Thermal conductivity increased with temperature and was 13.4 W/m·K at room temperature. Electrical resistivity was 122.4 ± 0.5 μΩ⋅cm. This work adds to the viability of additively manufactured ZrC and is the first to report detailed thermal and mechanical properties for ZrC produced by material extrusion AM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118158
Charles Manière
Assessment of the physical sintering parameter from dilatometry curves can be an arch and time-consuming task. A hybrid method is proposed, coupling an inverse problem approach applied to the physics of sintering and the machine learning methodology to identify the parameters by convergence. The identification approach is based on the gradient descent optimization to identify simultaneously all the parameters, dataset learning/testing split to mitigate the experimental noise and the dataset normalization for an efficient gradient descent learning process. A challenging physical parameters denormalization has been developed for the sintering case. The resulting approach can be applied to experimental data like Master Sintering Curve (MSC) dilatometry, a very common approach in the literature. This inverse learning approach has similar architecture than artificial neurons. These smart physical neurons are very efficient as only two succeed in modeling complex sintering problems, a promising prospect for machine learning approaches.
{"title":"A gradient descent method for inverse learning of a sintering model with specific physical parameter denormalization","authors":"Charles Manière","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessment of the physical sintering parameter from dilatometry curves can be an arch and time-consuming task. A hybrid method is proposed, coupling an inverse problem approach applied to the physics of sintering and the machine learning methodology to identify the parameters by convergence. The identification approach is based on the gradient descent optimization to identify simultaneously all the parameters, dataset learning/testing split to mitigate the experimental noise and the dataset normalization for an efficient gradient descent learning process. A challenging physical parameters denormalization has been developed for the sintering case. The resulting approach can be applied to experimental data like Master Sintering Curve (MSC) dilatometry, a very common approach in the literature. This inverse learning approach has similar architecture than artificial neurons. These smart physical neurons are very efficient as only two succeed in modeling complex sintering problems, a promising prospect for machine learning approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118157
Hyuk Jun Lee , Su Yeon Kim , Tae-Hyeon Kim , Kwang Youn Cho , Young-Keun Jeong , Young Jun Joo
Silicon carbide (SiC) fibers with chemical resistance, thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties are a reinforcing material of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) for extreme environments. The high-temperature tensile strength of SiC fibers is typically measured at room temperature after exposure to high temperatures. However, in this study, the high-temperature tensile strength was investigated using in-situ measurements during exposure to temperatures between 1000 and 1500 ℃. The near-stoichiometric SiC fiber exhibited fracture behaviors in the order of thermal expansion, plastic deformation, and ductile deformation when in-situ measured for tensile strength during rapid exposure to high temperatures. In addition, under in-situ tensile stress at high temperatures, both surface and internal residual carbon act as oxidation sites, leading to a rapid decrease in tensile strength and promoting greater ductile deformation. This correlation between residual carbon and ductile deformation was consistent with the strains measured for SiC fibers with various C/Si controls.
{"title":"In-situ fracture behavior of near-stoichiometric SiC fibers exposed to high temperatures in air","authors":"Hyuk Jun Lee , Su Yeon Kim , Tae-Hyeon Kim , Kwang Youn Cho , Young-Keun Jeong , Young Jun Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon carbide (SiC) fibers with chemical resistance, thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties are a reinforcing material of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) for extreme environments. The high-temperature tensile strength of SiC fibers is typically measured at room temperature after exposure to high temperatures. However, in this study, the high-temperature tensile strength was investigated using <em>in-situ</em> measurements during exposure to temperatures between 1000 and 1500 ℃. The near-stoichiometric SiC fiber exhibited fracture behaviors in the order of thermal expansion, plastic deformation, and ductile deformation when <em>in-situ</em> measured for tensile strength during rapid exposure to high temperatures. In addition, under <em>in-situ</em> tensile stress at high temperatures, both surface and internal residual carbon act as oxidation sites, leading to a rapid decrease in tensile strength and promoting greater ductile deformation. This correlation between residual carbon and ductile deformation was consistent with the strains measured for SiC fibers with various C/Si controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"46 8","pages":"Article 118157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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