Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117261
Annamária Naughton-Duszová , Dávid Medveď , Monika Hrubovčáková , Ondrej Petruš , Marek Vojtko , Peter Švec , Ľubomír Medvecký , Pavol Hvizdoš , Ján Dusza
Nanohardness of grains and grain boundaries in reactive spark plasma sintered dual-phase (Ti0.82Zr0.04Nb0.08Hf0.03Ta0.03)B2 + (Ti0.49Zr0.12Nb0.13Hf0.11Ta0.15)C high-entropy composite was investigated. The composite with a high relative density of 99.8 %, consists predominantly of carbide (∼56.4 vol%) and boride (∼39.7 vol%) phases with average grain sizes of 2.2 μm and 3.4 μm of the carbide and boride phases, respectively. Most grain/phase boundaries show a continuous sharp ∼ 1.5 nm wide segregation of Fe, Co, and Ni impurities. Nanohardness was measured by nanoindentation on polished/non-deformed and worn/deformed surfaces. At non-deformed surface, the average hardness/Young’s modulus of boride and carbide grains are 41.3 ± 2.9 GPa/596 ± 25 GPa and 38.3 ± 2.3 GPa/553 ± 24 GPa, respectively. At the vicinity of grain boundaries, the hardness/Young modulus is 37.3 ± 2.5 GPa/600 ± 32 GPa. At deformed surfaces, the average hardness of boride grains is higher and the average hardness of carbide grains is slightly higher compared to the values at non-deformed surfaces, with values of 42.4 ± 3.9 GPa, and 38.4 ± 2.4 GPa, respectively.
{"title":"Nanohardness of grains and grain boundaries in reactive sintered (Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta)B2 + (Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta)C composite","authors":"Annamária Naughton-Duszová , Dávid Medveď , Monika Hrubovčáková , Ondrej Petruš , Marek Vojtko , Peter Švec , Ľubomír Medvecký , Pavol Hvizdoš , Ján Dusza","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanohardness of grains and grain boundaries in reactive spark plasma sintered dual-phase (Ti<sub>0.82</sub>Zr<sub>0.04</sub>Nb<sub>0.08</sub>Hf<sub>0.03</sub>Ta<sub>0.03</sub>)B<sub>2</sub> + (Ti<sub>0.49</sub>Zr<sub>0.12</sub>Nb<sub>0.13</sub>Hf<sub>0.11</sub>Ta<sub>0.15</sub>)C high-entropy composite was investigated. The composite with a high relative density of 99.8 %, consists predominantly of carbide (∼56.4 vol%) and boride (∼39.7 vol%) phases with average grain sizes of 2.2 μm and 3.4 μm of the carbide and boride phases, respectively. Most grain/phase boundaries show a continuous sharp ∼ 1.5 nm wide segregation of Fe, Co, and Ni impurities. Nanohardness was measured by nanoindentation on polished/non-deformed and worn/deformed surfaces. At non-deformed surface, the average hardness/Young’s modulus of boride and carbide grains are 41.3 ± 2.9 GPa/596 ± 25 GPa and 38.3 ± 2.3 GPa/553 ± 24 GPa, respectively. At the vicinity of grain boundaries, the hardness/Young modulus is 37.3 ± 2.5 GPa/600 ± 32 GPa. At deformed surfaces, the average hardness of boride grains is higher and the average hardness of carbide grains is slightly higher compared to the values at non-deformed surfaces, with values of 42.4 ± 3.9 GPa, and 38.4 ± 2.4 GPa, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117259
Justyna Ignaczak , Maciej Bik , Jan Jamroz , Karolina Górnicka , Agnieszka Drewniak , Jakub Karczewski , Piotr Jasiński , Sebastian Molin
The current coating materials for steel interconnects in SOCs (Solid Oxide Cells) typically rely on critical raw materials, specifically Co oxide spinels. A new approach is using copper-based spinel coatings, which are promising concerning price, conductivity, and sustainability. This investigation is dedicated to an evaluation of a commercially available powder provided by the Kceracell company with stoichiometric Mn1.9CuFe0.1O4 as a protective material on the interconnects. The material was electrophoretically deposited onto a ferritic stainless-steel support and subsequently assessed. Prior to deposition, the powders underwent crystallographic phase analysis at high temperatures and electrical conductivity. The coated steel samples were oxidized in an air atmosphere at 750 °C for 5000 hours. The structure of the coating / steel system was evaluated before and after high temperature exposition by means of SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the steel-coating system were assessed through Area Specific Resistance measurements. The results indicate that the evaluated coatings react with Cr from the substrate during long-term oxidation and create a (Mn,Cu,Fe,Cr)3O4 spinel reaction layer, thus the whole system exhibits satisfactory resistance.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of interconnect protective coatings based on commercial Mn1.9CuFe0.1O4 spinel powder","authors":"Justyna Ignaczak , Maciej Bik , Jan Jamroz , Karolina Górnicka , Agnieszka Drewniak , Jakub Karczewski , Piotr Jasiński , Sebastian Molin","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current coating materials for steel interconnects in SOCs (Solid Oxide Cells) typically rely on critical raw materials, specifically Co oxide spinels. A new approach is using copper-based spinel coatings, which are promising concerning price, conductivity, and sustainability. This investigation is dedicated to an evaluation of a commercially available powder provided by the Kceracell company with stoichiometric Mn<sub>1.9</sub>CuFe<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a protective material on the interconnects. The material was electrophoretically deposited onto a ferritic stainless-steel support and subsequently assessed. Prior to deposition, the powders underwent crystallographic phase analysis at high temperatures and electrical conductivity. The coated steel samples were oxidized in an air atmosphere at 750 °C for 5000 hours. The structure of the coating / steel system was evaluated before and after high temperature exposition by means of SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the steel-coating system were assessed through Area Specific Resistance measurements. The results indicate that the evaluated coatings react with Cr from the substrate during long-term oxidation and create a (Mn,Cu,Fe,Cr)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel reaction layer, thus the whole system exhibits satisfactory resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yttria-doped zirconia has been shown to undergo nitridation in air by flash sintering using direct current (DC) electric fields, resulting in the formation of zirconium oxynitride, Zr(N,O). This study performed the microstructure analysis primarily using scanning transmission electron microscopy for 8 mol%Y2O3-ZrO2 (8YSZ) nitrided by isothermal flash sintering protocol under DC electric fields in air. The findings confirmed the existence of a threshold current density for Zr(N,O) formation. The nitrided 8YSZ grains comprised crystal-oriented Zr(N,O) fine ellipsoid-shaped grains with 10 – 20 nm in size. The formation of this structure is attributed to the nucleation manner of the Zr(N,O) grains to align their {001} planes to those of the original 8YSZ grains. The transformation of 8YSZ into Zr(N,O) during nitridation could be considered to precede by a replacement of their anions from oxygen to nitrogen while maintaining the cation framework of the respective crystal structures, as predicted by Bechteler et al.
{"title":"Microstructure analysis for zirconium oxynitrides formed in 8 mol% yttria-doped zirconia by a flash event under a direct current electric field in an ambient atmosphere","authors":"Shunichi Sakamoto , Ayu Kodaira , Tomoharu Tokunaga , Nobuhiro Morisaki , Kiyoshi Kobayashi , Takahisa Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yttria-doped zirconia has been shown to undergo nitridation in air by flash sintering using direct current (DC) electric fields, resulting in the formation of zirconium oxynitride, Zr(N,O). This study performed the microstructure analysis primarily using scanning transmission electron microscopy for 8 mol%Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> (8YSZ) nitrided by isothermal flash sintering protocol under DC electric fields in air. The findings confirmed the existence of a threshold current density for Zr(N,O) formation. The nitrided 8YSZ grains comprised crystal-oriented Zr(N,O) fine ellipsoid-shaped grains with 10 – 20 nm in size. The formation of this structure is attributed to the nucleation manner of the Zr(N,O) grains to align their {001} planes to those of the original 8YSZ grains. The transformation of 8YSZ into Zr(N,O) during nitridation could be considered to precede by a replacement of their anions from oxygen to nitrogen while maintaining the cation framework of the respective crystal structures, as predicted by Bechteler et al.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143332456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117260
Joseph Alemzadeh , Rut Benavente , Amparo Borrell , Carlos Gutiérrez-González , Marta Suárez , Luis A. Diaz , Miguel A. Montes-Morán , Clara Blanco , Sam L. Evans , Victoria G. Rocha
Balancing the mechanical and functional properties of graphene-reinforced ceramics can be a challenge because agglomeration of the reinforcement must be avoided to minimise microstructural defects and it is difficult to organise the constituents into meaningful structures. The water-based processing strategy that is demonstrated here illustrates the potential to fabricate layered alumina composites using a combination of freeze-casting, vacuum infiltration, and spark plasma sintering. Layers of alumina between 0.5 and 7 μm thick and consist of an average grain size of 0.7 ± 0.4 μm were separated by highly-oriented reduced graphene oxide. Mechanical and functional properties were investigated alongside a monolithic counterpart sintered at 1300 °C. The flexural strength and fracture toughness increased from 262 to 314 MPa and 3.5–5.4 MPa m1/2 respectively, whilst electrical conductivity rose by nine orders of magnitude to 10−1 S cm−1.
{"title":"Novel water-based processing of graphene oxide and sub-micrometric alumina towards tougher and electrically-conductive structural ceramics","authors":"Joseph Alemzadeh , Rut Benavente , Amparo Borrell , Carlos Gutiérrez-González , Marta Suárez , Luis A. Diaz , Miguel A. Montes-Morán , Clara Blanco , Sam L. Evans , Victoria G. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balancing the mechanical and functional properties of graphene-reinforced ceramics can be a challenge because agglomeration of the reinforcement must be avoided to minimise microstructural defects and it is difficult to organise the constituents into meaningful structures. The water-based processing strategy that is demonstrated here illustrates the potential to fabricate layered alumina composites using a combination of freeze-casting, vacuum infiltration, and spark plasma sintering. Layers of alumina between 0.5 and 7 μm thick and consist of an average grain size of 0.7 ± 0.4 μm were separated by highly-oriented reduced graphene oxide. Mechanical and functional properties were investigated alongside a monolithic counterpart sintered at 1300 °C. The flexural strength and fracture toughness increased from 262 to 314 MPa and 3.5–5.4 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> respectively, whilst electrical conductivity rose by nine orders of magnitude to 10<sup>−1</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the development of a fully instrumented sinter-forging process using a 915 MHz solid-state microwave source for the rapid and controlled sintering of dense oxide ceramics. Compared to conventional magnetron-based systems, the solid-state microwave source enables precise frequency tuning for optimal impedance matching and resonance conditions. Modeling and experimental characterization of the microwave applicator have enabled us to position the sample correctly in the cavity, ensuring efficient energy transfer and homogeneous heating. Sintering experiments carried out on alumina powder, both with and without applied pressure, revealed that the pressure-assisted process significantly improved densification, yielding near-complete density and increased hardness (21.6 GPa), while maintaining fine microstructures. This method highlights the potential of microwave-assisted sinter-forging for producing advanced ceramics with improved properties.
{"title":"A new sinter-forging process based on a 915 MHz solid-state microwave source for sintering of oxides ceramics","authors":"Guillaume Rayrat , Alexis Onfroy , Christelle Bilot , Frédéric Bernard , Sébastien Lemonnier , Fabian Delorme , Charles Manière , Christelle Harnois , Sylvain Marinel","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a fully instrumented sinter-forging process using a 915 MHz solid-state microwave source for the rapid and controlled sintering of dense oxide ceramics. Compared to conventional magnetron-based systems, the solid-state microwave source enables precise frequency tuning for optimal impedance matching and resonance conditions. Modeling and experimental characterization of the microwave applicator have enabled us to position the sample correctly in the cavity, ensuring efficient energy transfer and homogeneous heating. Sintering experiments carried out on alumina powder, both with and without applied pressure, revealed that the pressure-assisted process significantly improved densification, yielding near-complete density and increased hardness (21.6 GPa), while maintaining fine microstructures. This method highlights the potential of microwave-assisted sinter-forging for producing advanced ceramics with improved properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117262"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117250
Yue Zhou , Xiaoqing He , William G. Fahrenholtz , Gregory E. Hilmas , Scott J. McCormack
Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramics with carbon additions ranging from 0 to 1.5 wt% were densified by hot-pressing. Commercial ZrB2 powder was the starting powder and phenolic resin was used as the carbon source. Without carbon addition, ZrB2 can be fully densified at 2150℃ under 32 MPa resulting in an average grain size of 27.2 µm. With carbon additions to the ZrB2, the relative density remained near 100 %, but the grain size decreased as carbon content increased. In addition to ZrB2, small amounts of secondary phases (graphite, B4C, and BN) were detected in the hot-pressed ceramics along grain boundaries. Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of ZrB2 were measured as a function of carbon additions. The composition with 0.75 wt% of carbon exhibited the best combination of high relative density, small grain size, and high thermal diffusivity.
{"title":"Densification of zirconium diboride with varying carbon additions","authors":"Yue Zhou , Xiaoqing He , William G. Fahrenholtz , Gregory E. Hilmas , Scott J. McCormack","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium diboride (ZrB<sub>2</sub>) ceramics with carbon additions ranging from 0 to 1.5 wt% were densified by hot-pressing. Commercial ZrB<sub>2</sub> powder was the starting powder and phenolic resin was used as the carbon source. Without carbon addition, ZrB<sub>2</sub> can be fully densified at 2150℃ under 32 MPa resulting in an average grain size of 27.2 µm. With carbon additions to the ZrB<sub>2</sub>, the relative density remained near 100 %, but the grain size decreased as carbon content increased. In addition to ZrB<sub>2</sub>, small amounts of secondary phases (graphite, B<sub>4</sub>C, and BN) were detected in the hot-pressed ceramics along grain boundaries. Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of ZrB<sub>2</sub> were measured as a function of carbon additions. The composition with 0.75 wt% of carbon exhibited the best combination of high relative density, small grain size, and high thermal diffusivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117252
Andrés Mormeneo-Segarra , Thomas Hérisson de Beauvoir , Sergio Ferrer-Nicomedes , Nuria Vicente-Agut , Claude Estournès , Antonio Barba-Juan
The Cold Sintering Process has been used to sinter Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 powder (LATP) initially mixed with 15 wt% of a solution of acetic acid 3 m as Transient Liquid Phase (TLP). The effect of variables such as green density, heating rate, sintering temperature, dwell time and the operating pressure on the densification of LATP via CSP has been thoroughly analysed. The operating pressure shows no effect on the green density above 450 MPa. The heating rates, thus the heating time, do not modify the densification behavior of LATP Solid-State Electrolytes (SSEs) but a decomposition reaction takes place at temperatures above 180 ºC. This reaction depends on the TLP amount still present in the pores, and at higher pressures (P > 450 MPa) this decomposition effect on densification is reduced as the pore volume becomes smaller. For the first time in the CSP, a linear dependence of relative density on temperature is demonstrated.
{"title":"Heating-time independent densification of LATP via cold sintering process","authors":"Andrés Mormeneo-Segarra , Thomas Hérisson de Beauvoir , Sergio Ferrer-Nicomedes , Nuria Vicente-Agut , Claude Estournès , Antonio Barba-Juan","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cold Sintering Process has been used to sinter Li<sub>1.3</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>1.7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> powder (LATP) initially mixed with 15 wt% of a solution of acetic acid <span>3 m</span> as Transient Liquid Phase (TLP). The effect of variables such as green density, heating rate, sintering temperature, dwell time and the operating pressure on the densification of LATP <em>via</em> CSP has been thoroughly analysed. The operating pressure shows no effect on the green density above 450 MPa. The heating rates, thus the heating time, do not modify the densification behavior of LATP Solid-State Electrolytes (SSEs) but a decomposition reaction takes place at temperatures above 180 ºC. This reaction depends on the TLP amount still present in the pores, and at higher pressures (P > 450 MPa) this decomposition effect on densification is reduced as the pore volume becomes smaller. For the first time in the CSP, a linear dependence of relative density on temperature is demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117249
Shixiang Zhou , Feng Zhang , Jin Wu , Jin Su , Kai Liu , Yue Zhang , Changshun Wang , Chunze Yan , Yusheng Shi
Ceramic vat photopolymerization (VPP) has recently emerged as a transformative technology, providing efficient, reliable, and highly customizable methods for fabricating ceramic components with excellent surface quality, precisely controllable structures, and programmable functionality. Despite its widespread adoption, the inherent issue of anisotropic properties, characterized by orientation-dependent features in VPP-manufactured ceramics, remains a significant barrier to broader applications in academic and engineering domains. Due to the complex photocuring behavior of ceramic suspensions and critical post-processing steps such as debinding and sintering, anisotropy in VPP-manufactured ceramics is more intricate compared to other materials. Numerous researches have shown that controlling on the inherent layered microstructure and orientation-dependent property is key for producing high-performance ceramic parts and promoting its industrialization. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in understanding anisotropic behavior in additive-manufactured ceramic components created using VPP. The discussion begins with an exploration of anisotropy formation mechanisms, emphasizing the evolution of the layered microstructure from the photocured ceramic monolayer to fully sintered ceramic parts. It then highlights the latest developments regarding the influence of anisotropy on various properties of VPP-printed ceramics, clarifying the interrelation between material, process, structure, and anisotropic properties. Additionally, strategies for mitigating or exploiting the undesirable anisotropy are critically examined, with a specific focus on the mechanisms underlying each approach. Finally, the review addresses existing challenges and potential directions for future research on anisotropy in VPP-manufactured ceramics.
{"title":"Anisotropy in ceramic vat photopolymerization: Formation mechanisms, influence on properties, and manipulating strategies","authors":"Shixiang Zhou , Feng Zhang , Jin Wu , Jin Su , Kai Liu , Yue Zhang , Changshun Wang , Chunze Yan , Yusheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic vat photopolymerization (VPP) has recently emerged as a transformative technology, providing efficient, reliable, and highly customizable methods for fabricating ceramic components with excellent surface quality, precisely controllable structures, and programmable functionality. Despite its widespread adoption, the inherent issue of anisotropic properties, characterized by orientation-dependent features in VPP-manufactured ceramics, remains a significant barrier to broader applications in academic and engineering domains. Due to the complex photocuring behavior of ceramic suspensions and critical post-processing steps such as debinding and sintering, anisotropy in VPP-manufactured ceramics is more intricate compared to other materials. Numerous researches have shown that controlling on the inherent layered microstructure and orientation-dependent property is key for producing high-performance ceramic parts and promoting its industrialization. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in understanding anisotropic behavior in additive-manufactured ceramic components created using VPP. The discussion begins with an exploration of anisotropy formation mechanisms, emphasizing the evolution of the layered microstructure from the photocured ceramic monolayer to fully sintered ceramic parts. It then highlights the latest developments regarding the influence of anisotropy on various properties of VPP-printed ceramics, clarifying the interrelation between material, process, structure, and anisotropic properties. Additionally, strategies for mitigating or exploiting the undesirable anisotropy are critically examined, with a specific focus on the mechanisms underlying each approach. Finally, the review addresses existing challenges and potential directions for future research on anisotropy in VPP-manufactured ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117249"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117251
Zhen Wang , Yuan Cheng , Kewei Li , Mengen Hu , Hanwen Zhang , Xian Dang , Ming Li , Xinyang Li , Zhulin Huang , Yue Li , Xiaoye Hu
High quality ceramic powders are crucial for the performance of composite materials, yet preparing powders with good morphology and high crystallinity still faces enormous challenges. Herein we report a topological Archimedean polyhedron of (Zr0.5Hf0.5)B2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a high pressure liquid-phase and coprecipitation co-assisted boro/carbothermal reduction method. A nonclassical crystallization model where both oriented attachment and screw dislocation growth mechanism occur simultaneously. The microstructural evolution during the growth process of borides indicates that the growth mechanism of the new layer on the surface of diborides is mainly explained by the layered structure and trapezoidal profile. The initial growth stage energy of each layer comes from interface defects and lattice mismatches during atomic diffusion processes. The directional attachment of clusters leads to the generation of a large number of dislocations in the system, resulting in the formation of polyhedral structures. Benefiting from the high crystallinity polyhedral morphology, the powder shows excellent oxidation resistance, i.e., the thickness of ceramic oxide layer prepared by Archimedean polyhedron powders is 86.43 μm at 1400 °C for 3 h. This work holds significant importance for the development of new ceramic powders preparation methods and provides a novel approach for studying the performance improvement of ultra-high temperature ceramic materials.
{"title":"Growth mechanism and sintering properties of high crystallinity Archimedean polyhedral (Zr0.5Hf0.5)B2 nanoparticles","authors":"Zhen Wang , Yuan Cheng , Kewei Li , Mengen Hu , Hanwen Zhang , Xian Dang , Ming Li , Xinyang Li , Zhulin Huang , Yue Li , Xiaoye Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High quality ceramic powders are crucial for the performance of composite materials, yet preparing powders with good morphology and high crystallinity still faces enormous challenges. Herein we report a topological Archimedean polyhedron of (Zr<sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>0.5</sub>)B<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized <em>via</em> a high pressure liquid-phase and coprecipitation co-assisted boro/carbothermal reduction method. A nonclassical crystallization model where both oriented attachment and screw dislocation growth mechanism occur simultaneously. The microstructural evolution during the growth process of borides indicates that the growth mechanism of the new layer on the surface of diborides is mainly explained by the layered structure and trapezoidal profile. The initial growth stage energy of each layer comes from interface defects and lattice mismatches during atomic diffusion processes. The directional attachment of clusters leads to the generation of a large number of dislocations in the system, resulting in the formation of polyhedral structures. Benefiting from the high crystallinity polyhedral morphology, the powder shows excellent oxidation resistance, <em>i.e.</em>, the thickness of ceramic oxide layer prepared by Archimedean polyhedron powders is 86.43 μm at 1400 °C for 3 h. This work holds significant importance for the development of new ceramic powders preparation methods and provides a novel approach for studying the performance improvement of ultra-high temperature ceramic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117251"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117244
J. Molera , M. Colomer , O. Vallcorba , T. Pradell
Lead glazes have been coloured and decorated with iron and manganese oxides since ancient times. During firing, these pigments react and form new crystalline compounds such as haematite, andradite, melanotekite, kentrolite, braunite, jacobsite and magnetoplumbite which have been identified in lead-glazed ceramics from the 11th to 17th centuries. To determine the sequence of formation of these pigments, an X-ray powder diffraction experiment was conducted at the ALBA synchrotron up to 928°C with various mixtures. The influence of Al2O3, CaO, and MgO was also studied. The sequence of crystalline phase formation in different systems was established, and laboratory recreations of glazed ceramics at temperatures from 850°C to 1020°C were analysed using optical and electronic microscopy. Understanding the sequence of formation of iron and manganese crystals in lead glazes helps to elucidate ancient production techniques and the final appearance of the glazes.
{"title":"Iron-manganese crystalline phases developed in high lead glazes during firing","authors":"J. Molera , M. Colomer , O. Vallcorba , T. Pradell","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead glazes have been coloured and decorated with iron and manganese oxides since ancient times. During firing, these pigments react and form new crystalline compounds such as haematite, andradite, melanotekite, kentrolite, braunite, jacobsite and magnetoplumbite which have been identified in lead-glazed ceramics from the 11th to 17th centuries. To determine the sequence of formation of these pigments, an X-ray powder diffraction experiment was conducted at the ALBA synchrotron up to 928°C with various mixtures. The influence of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO, and MgO was also studied. The sequence of crystalline phase formation in different systems was established, and laboratory recreations of glazed ceramics at temperatures from 850°C to 1020°C were analysed using optical and electronic microscopy. Understanding the sequence of formation of iron and manganese crystals in lead glazes helps to elucidate ancient production techniques and the final appearance of the glazes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":"45 7","pages":"Article 117244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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