Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20150709084502
O. Awoyomi, O. Ajayi, O. Falohun, O. Kehinde, E. Jolayemi
An analytical cross-sectional study on the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica infection in the household rat (Rattus rattus) population was performed. Seventy household rats (30 males and 40 females) were trapped using local snap traps from seven different locations, which include markets, livestock farms, households, student hostels, offices, shops and abattoir within Abeokuta metropolis. The prevalence study was performed using liver impression smear, gross and histopathological examinations. The parasite was observed in 36 (51.4%, 95%CI from 39 – 63%) rats. Out of the 30 (42.9%, 95%CI from 31 - 55) male rats, 14 (46.7%, 95%CI from 29 – 65%) were positive for C. hepatica, while 22 (55%, 95%CI 40 – 70%) out of the 40 (55%, 95%CI from 43 67) female rats were also positive for C. hepatica infection. Rats from the abattoir have highest prevalence of C. hepatica (70%) while rats from the student hostel had the least (20%). Presence of C. hepatica in rats was not sex dependent (P<0.05). Prevalence of C. hepatica infection in rats was unevenly distributed throughout the examined locations. The public health importance of these findings was discussed.
{"title":"A Survey of Capillaria Hepatica in Household Rats (Rattus Rattus) in Abeokuta Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"O. Awoyomi, O. Ajayi, O. Falohun, O. Kehinde, E. Jolayemi","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20150709084502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20150709084502","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical cross-sectional study on the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica infection in the household rat (Rattus rattus) population was performed. Seventy household rats (30 males and 40 females) were trapped using local snap traps from seven different locations, which include markets, livestock farms, households, student hostels, offices, shops and abattoir within Abeokuta metropolis. The prevalence study was performed using liver impression smear, gross and histopathological examinations. The parasite was observed in 36 (51.4%, 95%CI from 39 – 63%) rats. Out of the 30 (42.9%, 95%CI from 31 - 55) male rats, 14 (46.7%, 95%CI from 29 – 65%) were positive for C. hepatica, while 22 (55%, 95%CI 40 – 70%) out of the 40 (55%, 95%CI from 43 67) female rats were also positive for C. hepatica infection. Rats from the abattoir have highest prevalence of C. hepatica (70%) while rats from the student hostel had the least (20%). Presence of C. hepatica in rats was not sex dependent (P<0.05). Prevalence of C. hepatica infection in rats was unevenly distributed throughout the examined locations. The public health importance of these findings was discussed.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"26 1","pages":"1046-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72668936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jva.20150925021821
G. G. Alowanou, A. P. Olounladé, E. B. V. Azando, S. Hounzangbé-Adoté
Traditional veterinary knowledge like all other traditional knowledge systems is handed down orally from generation to generation and used in most African countries it may disappear. In the two last decade, many studies especially in developing countries were undertaken to save it. For the purpose of contribute to traditional knowledge save, an inventory of medicinal plants used as anthelmintic especially in livestock helminthes control in West and Central Africa was done. Fifty eight (58) medicinal plants species belonging 33 families were mentioned as used to treat helminthosis of livestock. Families from Combretaceae (6species), Rubiaceae (4species), Euphorbiaceae (3species), Mimosaceae (4species) Caecalpiniaceae (7species), Moraceae (3species), Meliaceae (4 species) were the most representative. Also species such as Bridelia ferruginea (2 citation), Combretum glutinosum, Mitragyna inermis, Xanthoxylumzanthoxyloides, Vernonia amygdalina, Securidacalonge pedunculata, Maytenus senegalens, Khaya senegalensis, Daniellia oliveri, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Carica papaya, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Piliostigma reticulatum. This study has showed that African flora was various and rich into anthelmintic plants which could be used to replace with synthetic drugs.
{"title":"Ethno-Veterinary Knowledge Synthesis using Medicinal Plants Livestock Gastrointestinal Parasites Control in West and Central Africa -","authors":"G. G. Alowanou, A. P. Olounladé, E. B. V. Azando, S. Hounzangbé-Adoté","doi":"10.5455/jva.20150925021821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.20150925021821","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional veterinary knowledge like all other traditional knowledge systems is handed down orally from generation to generation and used in most African countries it may disappear. In the two last decade, many studies especially in developing countries were undertaken to save it. For the purpose of contribute to traditional knowledge save, an inventory of medicinal plants used as anthelmintic especially in livestock helminthes control in West and Central Africa was done. Fifty eight (58) medicinal plants species belonging 33 families were mentioned as used to treat helminthosis of livestock. Families from Combretaceae (6species), Rubiaceae (4species), Euphorbiaceae (3species), Mimosaceae (4species) Caecalpiniaceae (7species), Moraceae (3species), Meliaceae (4 species) were the most representative. Also species such as Bridelia ferruginea (2 citation), Combretum glutinosum, Mitragyna inermis, Xanthoxylumzanthoxyloides, Vernonia amygdalina, Securidacalonge pedunculata, Maytenus senegalens, Khaya senegalensis, Daniellia oliveri, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Carica papaya, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Piliostigma reticulatum. This study has showed that African flora was various and rich into anthelmintic plants which could be used to replace with synthetic drugs.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"11 1","pages":"1083-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76727321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20141220110819
M. T. Abu-Samra, Y. Shuaib
Cattle infected with severe and generalized skin and simultaneous meibomian gland lesions of demodectic mange; had higher total serum proteins, significantly higher globulin and lower albumin concentration than non-infected ones. The protein content of the soluble antigen of Demodex mites and associated bacteria was 70 µg /100 µl. Hypersensitivity testing of infected cattle by the intradermal injection of soluble mite and bacterial antigens produced immediate, delayed cell-mediated and Arthus immune-complex reactions, while non-infected cattle were refractory to these tests. The enzyme-linked immunoelectrotrasfer blot gave positive reaction bands at 56 kilodaltons (KDD) when the resolved soluble antigen was probed with sera from infected cattle and no reaction bands were demonstrated in sera from non-infected animals. The nature of association between Demodex mites and bacteria in demodectic mange lesions was synergistic and of equal significance. Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria facilitated the establishment of Demodex mites in the lesions produced and provided an excellent microclimate for the mites to propagate and reproduce, resulting in severe and progressive disease. Histopathological examination showed severe changes characterized by massive ‘high-turnover’ granulomatous reaction with influx of macrophages and lymphocytes proving that Demodex mites and associated bacteria were both persistent and immunogenic. Giant cells destroyed, engulfed and digested the bacteria and the mites, resulting in healing of the lesions as judged by the progressive proliferation of connective tissue and degeneration of the granulomas. In spite of the rapid and exaggerated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, the mites and associated bacteria remained viable in chronic lesions for 2-3 years. Failure of these cattle to develop acquired immunity against repeated exposure to the mites and associated bacteria was probably due to the development of tolerance resulting from the release of large amounts of soluble and particulate antigens.
{"title":"Studies on the Immune Mechanisms and Immunopathology of Severe Skin and Meibomian Gland Demodicosis in Cattle","authors":"M. T. Abu-Samra, Y. Shuaib","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20141220110819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20141220110819","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle infected with severe and generalized skin and simultaneous meibomian gland lesions of demodectic mange; had higher total serum proteins, significantly higher globulin and lower albumin concentration than non-infected ones. The protein content of the soluble antigen of Demodex mites and associated bacteria was 70 µg /100 µl. Hypersensitivity testing of infected cattle by the intradermal injection of soluble mite and bacterial antigens produced immediate, delayed cell-mediated and Arthus immune-complex reactions, while non-infected cattle were refractory to these tests. The enzyme-linked immunoelectrotrasfer blot gave positive reaction bands at 56 kilodaltons (KDD) when the resolved soluble antigen was probed with sera from infected cattle and no reaction bands were demonstrated in sera from non-infected animals. The nature of association between Demodex mites and bacteria in demodectic mange lesions was synergistic and of equal significance. Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria facilitated the establishment of Demodex mites in the lesions produced and provided an excellent microclimate for the mites to propagate and reproduce, resulting in severe and progressive disease. Histopathological examination showed severe changes characterized by massive ‘high-turnover’ granulomatous reaction with influx of macrophages and lymphocytes proving that Demodex mites and associated bacteria were both persistent and immunogenic. Giant cells destroyed, engulfed and digested the bacteria and the mites, resulting in healing of the lesions as judged by the progressive proliferation of connective tissue and degeneration of the granulomas. In spite of the rapid and exaggerated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, the mites and associated bacteria remained viable in chronic lesions for 2-3 years. Failure of these cattle to develop acquired immunity against repeated exposure to the mites and associated bacteria was probably due to the development of tolerance resulting from the release of large amounts of soluble and particulate antigens.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"27 1","pages":"797-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77882897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20150425121148
F. Abdullah, E. Chung, Y. Abba, A. Tijjani, M. Sadiq, K. Mohammed, A. Osman, L. Adamu, M. Lila, A. Haron
This clinical case reports the prompt actions taken to diagnose clinical case of endometritis in a cow where prompt treatments were able to solve the case successfully. A 3 year-old, Friesien-cross cow weighing 400kg with body condition score of 2 out of 5 was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with primary complain of inappetance. Clinical evaluation revealed that the heifer was pyrexic, dull and depressed with pale mucous membrane. The most prominent abnormality observed was the yellowish mucopurulent discharged from the vulva opening. As for diagnostic work-ups, rectal examination was performed where the uterus was having a doughy consistency during palpation. Mucopurulent discharged from the vulva was collected for bacteria isolation and antibiotic sensitivity test. The bacterial isolated from the pus were Arcanobacterium pyogenes which was resistant to streptomycin and sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and Eschericia coli that was resistant to streptomycin. Blood was also collected through jugular venipuncture for complete hematology and biochemistry analysis where the cow was having monocytosis, slightly elevated AST, hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Based on the history, clinical examination and laboratory findings the cow was diagnosed with clinical endometritis. For the treatment, Flunixin meglumine 1.1mg/kg was administered twice a day intramascularly for 3 days as anti-inflammatory, anti-pyrexic and analgesic. Broad spectrum long acting oxytetracycline 20mg/kg antibiotic was also given once intramascularly to treat current infections and to prevent secondary bacterial infections. In addition, Fercobsang 1ml/10kg was administered intramuscularly once as iron supplement. Furthermore, intrauterine wash was performed with 0.9% NaCL using a modified intravenous line where it was passed through the vulva into the uterine body. All the mucupurulent discharge was then irrigated by continuous flushing of 0.9% NaCL. Finally 20ml of Oxytetracycline 20mg/kg was flushed into the uterine body as the final lavage.
{"title":"Management of Clinical Case of Endometritis in a Cow: A Case Report","authors":"F. Abdullah, E. Chung, Y. Abba, A. Tijjani, M. Sadiq, K. Mohammed, A. Osman, L. Adamu, M. Lila, A. Haron","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20150425121148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20150425121148","url":null,"abstract":"This clinical case reports the prompt actions taken to diagnose clinical case of endometritis in a cow where prompt treatments were able to solve the case successfully. A 3 year-old, Friesien-cross cow weighing 400kg with body condition score of 2 out of 5 was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with primary complain of inappetance. Clinical evaluation revealed that the heifer was pyrexic, dull and depressed with pale mucous membrane. The most prominent abnormality observed was the yellowish mucopurulent discharged from the vulva opening. As for diagnostic work-ups, rectal examination was performed where the uterus was having a doughy consistency during palpation. Mucopurulent discharged from the vulva was collected for bacteria isolation and antibiotic sensitivity test. The bacterial isolated from the pus were Arcanobacterium pyogenes which was resistant to streptomycin and sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and Eschericia coli that was resistant to streptomycin. Blood was also collected through jugular venipuncture for complete hematology and biochemistry analysis where the cow was having monocytosis, slightly elevated AST, hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Based on the history, clinical examination and laboratory findings the cow was diagnosed with clinical endometritis. For the treatment, Flunixin meglumine 1.1mg/kg was administered twice a day intramascularly for 3 days as anti-inflammatory, anti-pyrexic and analgesic. Broad spectrum long acting oxytetracycline 20mg/kg antibiotic was also given once intramascularly to treat current infections and to prevent secondary bacterial infections. In addition, Fercobsang 1ml/10kg was administered intramuscularly once as iron supplement. Furthermore, intrauterine wash was performed with 0.9% NaCL using a modified intravenous line where it was passed through the vulva into the uterine body. All the mucupurulent discharge was then irrigated by continuous flushing of 0.9% NaCL. Finally 20ml of Oxytetracycline 20mg/kg was flushed into the uterine body as the final lavage.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"28 1","pages":"887-890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20150109124720
A. Onyeabor
The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of grasscutter in umuahia area in south eastern Nigeria was investigated. Faecal samples of eight hundred and sixty (860) grasscutters were screened for the presence of the parasites. They were collected from freshly voided faeces, faecal egg count (FEC) was conducted using both the salt flotation and Mcmaster techniques. Coccidian oocysts were also noted and quantified using the same techniques as in FEC, both coccidian oocysts and helminth eggs were present. The number of grasscutter infected with gastrointestinal parasites were 320 with a prevalence of 37.2%. 90 (28.1%) and 230 (42.5%) of the 320 young and 540 adult grasscutter respectively were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. One hundred and sixty (30.7%) and one hundred and eighty (52.9%) of the male and female grassutters respectively were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. It was concluded that gastrointestinal parasites were common in grasscutters in umuahia area. There is need for appropriate sustainable control measure to enhance a profitable grasscutter enterprise.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites in Grasscutter in Umuahia Area of Abia State","authors":"A. Onyeabor","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20150109124720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20150109124720","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of grasscutter in umuahia area in south eastern Nigeria was investigated. Faecal samples of eight hundred and sixty (860) grasscutters were screened for the presence of the parasites. They were collected from freshly voided faeces, faecal egg count (FEC) was conducted using both the salt flotation and Mcmaster techniques. Coccidian oocysts were also noted and quantified using the same techniques as in FEC, both coccidian oocysts and helminth eggs were present. The number of grasscutter infected with gastrointestinal parasites were 320 with a prevalence of 37.2%. 90 (28.1%) and 230 (42.5%) of the 320 young and 540 adult grasscutter respectively were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. One hundred and sixty (30.7%) and one hundred and eighty (52.9%) of the male and female grassutters respectively were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. It was concluded that gastrointestinal parasites were common in grasscutters in umuahia area. There is need for appropriate sustainable control measure to enhance a profitable grasscutter enterprise.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"17 1","pages":"814-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89154279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20150725122213
M. Babashani
Cottonseed and its by-products are used extensively for supplementing ruminant rations to increase productivity. However, they contain gossypol which is a reproductive toxicant in males of both ruminant and non-ruminants. This study evaluated the effect of dietary gossypol from whole cottonseed (WCS) and cottonseed cake (CSC) on the gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams. Fifteen (15) Yankasa rams weighing an average of 20 2 Kg were randomly distributed into three groups (A, B and C) of five rams each and were fed diets containing 48 % WCS, 48 % CSC and control diet (gossypol-free), respectively for 14 weeks. The gonadal and epididymal sperm of the rams (3 from each group) were conducted. The data obtained were statistically analysed using GraphPad Prism version 5.0. Significance of differences between treatments means were determined at P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test of repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). Testicular and epididymal weight, length and sperm reserves were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by gossypol. Gossypol-treated rams in groups A and B however, had numerically lower mean values of testicular and epididymal weight, length and sperm reserves than those of the control group. We concluded that gossypol present in whole cottonseed cake which causes reduction in testicular and epididymal sperm reserves and these feeds should be used with caution in breeding rams.
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Gossypol on Gonadal and Extragonadal Sperm Reserves of Yankasa Rams","authors":"M. Babashani","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20150725122213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20150725122213","url":null,"abstract":"Cottonseed and its by-products are used extensively for supplementing ruminant rations to increase productivity. However, they contain gossypol which is a reproductive toxicant in males of both ruminant and non-ruminants. This study evaluated the effect of dietary gossypol from whole cottonseed (WCS) and cottonseed cake (CSC) on the gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams. Fifteen (15) Yankasa rams weighing an average of 20 2 Kg were randomly distributed into three groups (A, B and C) of five rams each and were fed diets containing 48 % WCS, 48 % CSC and control diet (gossypol-free), respectively for 14 weeks. The gonadal and epididymal sperm of the rams (3 from each group) were conducted. The data obtained were statistically analysed using GraphPad Prism version 5.0. Significance of differences between treatments means were determined at P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test of repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). Testicular and epididymal weight, length and sperm reserves were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by gossypol. Gossypol-treated rams in groups A and B however, had numerically lower mean values of testicular and epididymal weight, length and sperm reserves than those of the control group. We concluded that gossypol present in whole cottonseed cake which causes reduction in testicular and epididymal sperm reserves and these feeds should be used with caution in breeding rams.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"50 1","pages":"1058-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74699340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20151125104511
S. Danbirni, U. Abubakar, S. Ibrahim, A. Usman, S. Okaiyeto, A. Sackey, A. Kudi, A. Abdulkadir
A cross sectional survey was carried out using convenient sampling technique to sample 79 herds comprising of 2, 810 cattle in 5 Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Adamawa State in the North East of Nigeria. This was based on the availability of cattle populations, physical accessibility to the herds, availability of cattle restraint facilities and consent of the cattle owners. Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) purchased from Prionics Lelystad, Prod. Nr. 7600040 in the Netherlands was used in screening the cattle for M. bovis infection using intra-dermal caudal fold tuberculin test. The result after 72 hours indicated an overall prevalence of 8.4% (236/2, 810) with Mayo-Belwa L.G.A having the highest prevalence of 19.2% (117/610) while no cattle reacted to the test in Girei L.G.A. It was concluded that this result may serve as a base line data on the status of M. bovis infection in cattle in Adamawa State, as such there is the need to extend this study in all the L.G.As of Adamawa State. This recommendation may require legislative action in order to compel the herdsmen to present their cattle for testing.
采用便捷抽样技术对尼日利亚东北部阿达马瓦州5个地方政府区(L.G.A)的79个畜群(2810头牛)进行了横断面调查。这是基于牛群的可用性、牛群的实际可及性、牛约束设施的可用性以及牛主的同意。购买自荷兰Prionics Lelystad, Prod. Nr. 7600040的纯化蛋白衍生物(PPD)用于使用皮内尾褶结核菌素试验筛选牛支原体感染。72小时后的结果显示，总体流行率为8.4%(237 / 2,810)，其中梅奥-贝尔瓦L.G.A的最高流行率为19.2%(117/610)，而吉雷L.G.A的牛对测试没有反应。结论是，这一结果可以作为阿达马瓦州牛中牛支杆菌感染状况的基线数据，因此有必要将这项研究扩展到阿达马瓦州的所有L.G.A。这一建议可能需要采取立法行动，以迫使牧民交出他们的牛进行检测。
{"title":"Prevalence of Mycobactrium Bovis Infection in Cattle Based on Intra-Dermal Caudal Fold Tuberculin Test in Adamawa State, Nigeria -","authors":"S. Danbirni, U. Abubakar, S. Ibrahim, A. Usman, S. Okaiyeto, A. Sackey, A. Kudi, A. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20151125104511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20151125104511","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional survey was carried out using convenient sampling technique to sample 79 herds comprising of 2, 810 cattle in 5 Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Adamawa State in the North East of Nigeria. This was based on the availability of cattle populations, physical accessibility to the herds, availability of cattle restraint facilities and consent of the cattle owners. Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) purchased from Prionics Lelystad, Prod. Nr. 7600040 in the Netherlands was used in screening the cattle for M. bovis infection using intra-dermal caudal fold tuberculin test. The result after 72 hours indicated an overall prevalence of 8.4% (236/2, 810) with Mayo-Belwa L.G.A having the highest prevalence of 19.2% (117/610) while no cattle reacted to the test in Girei L.G.A. It was concluded that this result may serve as a base line data on the status of M. bovis infection in cattle in Adamawa State, as such there is the need to extend this study in all the L.G.As of Adamawa State. This recommendation may require legislative action in order to compel the herdsmen to present their cattle for testing.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"84 1","pages":"1163-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79025816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20151019011737
O. A. Akinkuotu, B. Fagbemi, A. Egbetade, E. Jacobs, J. Adeyanju
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in goats in a southwestern state of Nigeria. Cryptosporidium parvum antigens were screened for in stools of 216 goats by the use of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit in which 81 (37.5%) of the stools were positive for the antigens. The prevalence of infection decreased with age, with the highest rate, 62.7%, being observed in goat kids while the lowest rate of infection, 22.5%, was recorded in adults. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the infection rates observed in the different age categories sampled. The rate of infection recorded in females (47.5%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 29.1% recorded in males. Similarly, the rate recorded in diarrhoeic goats (70.9%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 26.1% recorded asymptomatic goats. This study therefore suggests that caprine cryptosporidiosis is prevalent in Ogun State, Nigeria and that symptomatic and apparently healthy goats should be routinely screened and managed for Cryptosporidium infection as they may serve as potential sources of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission with the parasite.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Coproantigens in Goats in Ogun, Southwest Nigeria -","authors":"O. A. Akinkuotu, B. Fagbemi, A. Egbetade, E. Jacobs, J. Adeyanju","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20151019011737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20151019011737","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in goats in a southwestern state of Nigeria. Cryptosporidium parvum antigens were screened for in stools of 216 goats by the use of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit in which 81 (37.5%) of the stools were positive for the antigens. The prevalence of infection decreased with age, with the highest rate, 62.7%, being observed in goat kids while the lowest rate of infection, 22.5%, was recorded in adults. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the infection rates observed in the different age categories sampled. The rate of infection recorded in females (47.5%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 29.1% recorded in males. Similarly, the rate recorded in diarrhoeic goats (70.9%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 26.1% recorded asymptomatic goats. This study therefore suggests that caprine cryptosporidiosis is prevalent in Ogun State, Nigeria and that symptomatic and apparently healthy goats should be routinely screened and managed for Cryptosporidium infection as they may serve as potential sources of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission with the parasite.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"43 1","pages":"1122-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jva.20150401034616
Okechukwu Afodi
The aim of this study is to evaluate the most effective antibiotic disc on three chosen bacteria organisms. There are Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarium and Esherichia coli. Three antibiotic discs made of one foreign produced from Oxoid, Bakingsloke, U.K and two locally produced antibiotic disc from Optun laboratories and Unique laboratories both in Nigeria of the twelve different antibiotics used, only six was of particularly important for the purpose of this study. These are gentamycin (10ug), ceftriazone (30ug), ampicillin (10ug) pericillin (10ug), Kanamycin (30ug), and amoxicillin (10ug). Antibiotic disc of same Mean Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used for the three types. The study showed that the antibiotic disc produced from foreign and local companies are effective, however, the foreign has an edge in being more sensitive. The zones of inhibition for antibiotic disc from Oxoid possess greater and clearer inhibition zones in mm/ diameter for Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella gallinarium and E . coli : The mean zone of inhibition of various antibiotics against these three bacteria showed that there is a statistical significance (p< 0.05) between the product from Oxoid and the two others.
{"title":"A Study of Comparative Efficacy of Local and Foreign Antibiotic Discs used in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Okechukwu Afodi","doi":"10.5455/jva.20150401034616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.20150401034616","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the most effective antibiotic disc on three chosen bacteria organisms. There are Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarium and Esherichia coli. Three antibiotic discs made of one foreign produced from Oxoid, Bakingsloke, U.K and two locally produced antibiotic disc from Optun laboratories and Unique laboratories both in Nigeria of the twelve different antibiotics used, only six was of particularly important for the purpose of this study. These are gentamycin (10ug), ceftriazone (30ug), ampicillin (10ug) pericillin (10ug), Kanamycin (30ug), and amoxicillin (10ug). Antibiotic disc of same Mean Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used for the three types. The study showed that the antibiotic disc produced from foreign and local companies are effective, however, the foreign has an edge in being more sensitive. The zones of inhibition for antibiotic disc from Oxoid possess greater and clearer inhibition zones in mm/ diameter for Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella gallinarium and E . coli : The mean zone of inhibition of various antibiotics against these three bacteria showed that there is a statistical significance (p< 0.05) between the product from Oxoid and the two others.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"25 1","pages":"869-873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78228010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20150404120814
Gwazani Rachel
The study aimed at assessing the relationship between water level fluctuation and the number of fish breeding nests which were exposed along selected bays of Lake Mutirikwi in southeastern Zimbabwe. Data was collected between October 2014 and February 2015 through mapping of exposed fish nests on two selected bays. The results showed that water level fluctuation was in response to water inflows after rains or water withdrawal for the purposes of irrigation and consumption in Masvingo city. The fluctuating seasonal exposure of fish breeding nests had a negative impact on fish recruitment in the lake due to failure to optimise use of fish nests by both Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis niloticus, in particular substrate spawners . This seasonal disruption of breeding activities calls for increased awareness and education on water resource conservation by lake users in order for the basic ecological needs of fish to be addressed. It was noted there was a general lack of knowledge by stakeholders on the relation that lies between water level and fish breeding. Enlightened stakeholders can support fish production through moderated water extraction particularly during seasons of poor rains.
{"title":"Water Level Fluctuations and Its Implications on Fish Breeding Nests in Lake Mutirikwi, Masvingo, Zimbabwe -","authors":"Gwazani Rachel","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20150404120814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20150404120814","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at assessing the relationship between water level fluctuation and the number of fish breeding nests which were exposed along selected bays of Lake Mutirikwi in southeastern Zimbabwe. Data was collected between October 2014 and February 2015 through mapping of exposed fish nests on two selected bays. The results showed that water level fluctuation was in response to water inflows after rains or water withdrawal for the purposes of irrigation and consumption in Masvingo city. The fluctuating seasonal exposure of fish breeding nests had a negative impact on fish recruitment in the lake due to failure to optimise use of fish nests by both Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis niloticus, in particular substrate spawners . This seasonal disruption of breeding activities calls for increased awareness and education on water resource conservation by lake users in order for the basic ecological needs of fish to be addressed. It was noted there was a general lack of knowledge by stakeholders on the relation that lies between water level and fish breeding. Enlightened stakeholders can support fish production through moderated water extraction particularly during seasons of poor rains.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"22 1","pages":"863-868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86805458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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