Veterinary genetics is an emerging branch of genetics which has strong potential application in the control and prevention of livestock disease. Unlike the other methods, control of animal disease through genetic means would be cost effective and does not require continuous investment. This is due to the fact that once a desirable genetic resource is identified and/or achieved, it can be exploited for several generations without any additional input. In the present review, two general approaches or principles to be considered in the control of livestock disease through genetic means are reviewed. The first one is exploitation of the hosts genetic resource, which could be achieved through selection and propagation of those animals having no genetic defects and naturally resistant to a particular disease. Such animals can be prepared through use of transgenic animal technology in which genes for disease resistance have been incorporated. The second approach is genetic control of pathogens by employing several techniques. This includes control of vectors using conventional sterile insect release method, Y-autosome translocation or use of compound chromosomes, and identification and cloning of genes in pathogens responsible for the production of potent antigens which can be used in vaccine development via the application of recombinant DNA technology. Selecting cattle most resistant to the development of infectious diseases will decrease costs of production and should therefore be included in the overall breeding objective.
{"title":"Genetics and its role in the control of animal diseases: A brief review","authors":"Yosef Deneke Belachew","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V9I1.2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V9I1.2630","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinary genetics is an emerging branch of genetics which has strong potential application in the control and prevention of livestock disease. Unlike the other methods, control of animal disease through genetic means would be cost effective and does not require continuous investment. This is due to the fact that once a desirable genetic resource is identified and/or achieved, it can be exploited for several generations without any additional input. In the present review, two general approaches or principles to be considered in the control of livestock disease through genetic means are reviewed. The first one is exploitation of the hosts genetic resource, which could be achieved through selection and propagation of those animals having no genetic defects and naturally resistant to a particular disease. Such animals can be prepared through use of transgenic animal technology in which genes for disease resistance have been incorporated. The second approach is genetic control of pathogens by employing several techniques. This includes control of vectors using conventional sterile insect release method, Y-autosome translocation or use of compound chromosomes, and identification and cloning of genes in pathogens responsible for the production of potent antigens which can be used in vaccine development via the application of recombinant DNA technology. Selecting cattle most resistant to the development of infectious diseases will decrease costs of production and should therefore be included in the overall breeding objective.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76511567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leptospirosis is a major threat in tropical and subtropical countries as well as temperate countries. The disease is caused by pathogenic Leptospira species and considered to be an emerging or re-emerging disease in many countries of the world. Infection in domestic animals and wildlife can lead to economic loss and pose a potential spread to the communities. In the present study recombinant LigB protein is employed in latex agglutination test, which is a cross reacting lipoprotein able to detect acute infection caused by any pathogenic leptospiral serovars. It was employed for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The 46KDa 6X His tagged LigB protein, obtained by IPTG induction of recombinant E. coli M15 cells containing the N-terminal region of LigB gee in P QE30 expression vector, was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and adsorbed on latex bead surface for performing latex agglutination test against Leptospirosis suspected wildlife field sera. A total of 80 wildlife sera samples were collected, including 27 wild feline sera samples (18 tigers, 8 lions, and 1 jaguar) obtained from Chhatbir zoo, Chandigarh, 42 serasamples ( 8 tigers, 4 lions and 6 leopards, 2 cheethals, 1 black buck, 12 buffaloes and 9 zoo staff) sera and 3 live rodents ) were received from Jodhpur zoo Rajasthan, 8 sera samples (4 tigers, 3 leopards, 1 lion) sera from Van Vihar National park, Bohpal, Madhya Pradesh and 3 sera samples (2 lions,and 1 tiger) received from Biwani Mini zoo, Haryana, India. The result showed that sera were tested positive by rLigB based LAT, which were reconfirmed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results from LAT were in concordance with MAT. In conclusion, rLigB based LAT is a rapid, pen site, reliable diagnostic tool of high sensitivity and specificity, under laboratory and field conditions, for the detection of Leptospirosis .
钩端螺旋体病是热带和亚热带国家以及温带国家的主要威胁。该病由致病性钩端螺旋体引起，在世界许多国家被认为是一种新出现或再出现的疾病。家畜和野生动物的感染可导致经济损失，并可能向社区传播。本研究采用重组LigB蛋白进行胶乳凝集试验，该蛋白是一种交叉反应的脂蛋白，可检测任何致病性钩端螺旋体血清型引起的急性感染。用于钩端螺旋体病的血清诊断。在P QE30表达载体中，用IPTG诱导含有LigB gee n端区域的重组大肠杆菌M15细胞，获得46KDa 6X His标记的LigB蛋白，用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化后，吸附在乳胶珠表面，对疑似钩端螺旋体病野生野血清进行乳胶凝集试验。共采集野生动物血清80份，其中从昌迪加尔Chhatbir动物园采集野生猫科动物血清27份(老虎18份、狮子8份、美洲虎1份)，从拉贾斯坦邦焦特布尔动物园采集野生动物血清42份(老虎8份、狮子4份、豹子6份、猎豹2份、黑羚1份、水牛12份、动物园工作人员9份)和活体啮齿动物3份，从Bohpal Van Vihar国家公园采集野生动物血清8份(老虎4份、豹子3份、狮子1份)。来自印度哈里亚纳邦Biwani迷你动物园的3份血清样本(2只狮子和1只老虎)。结果表明，基于rLigB的LAT检测结果为阳性，显微凝集试验(MAT)再次证实了这一结果。LAT结果与MAT一致。综上所述，基于rLigB的LAT在实验室和现场条件下检测钩端螺旋体病是一种快速、简便、可靠、灵敏度和特异性高的诊断工具。
{"title":"Serodiagnosis of wildlife leptospirosis employing recombinant leptospiral immunoglobulin like b protein antigen","authors":"Yosef Deneke Belachew, R. Deb","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V9I1.2628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V9I1.2628","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis is a major threat in tropical and subtropical countries as well as temperate countries. The disease is caused by pathogenic Leptospira species and considered to be an emerging or re-emerging disease in many countries of the world. Infection in domestic animals and wildlife can lead to economic loss and pose a potential spread to the communities. In the present study recombinant LigB protein is employed in latex agglutination test, which is a cross reacting lipoprotein able to detect acute infection caused by any pathogenic leptospiral serovars. It was employed for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The 46KDa 6X His tagged LigB protein, obtained by IPTG induction of recombinant E. coli M15 cells containing the N-terminal region of LigB gee in P QE30 expression vector, was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and adsorbed on latex bead surface for performing latex agglutination test against Leptospirosis suspected wildlife field sera. A total of 80 wildlife sera samples were collected, including 27 wild feline sera samples (18 tigers, 8 lions, and 1 jaguar) obtained from Chhatbir zoo, Chandigarh, 42 serasamples ( 8 tigers, 4 lions and 6 leopards, 2 cheethals, 1 black buck, 12 buffaloes and 9 zoo staff) sera and 3 live rodents ) were received from Jodhpur zoo Rajasthan, 8 sera samples (4 tigers, 3 leopards, 1 lion) sera from Van Vihar National park, Bohpal, Madhya Pradesh and 3 sera samples (2 lions,and 1 tiger) received from Biwani Mini zoo, Haryana, India. The result showed that sera were tested positive by rLigB based LAT, which were reconfirmed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results from LAT were in concordance with MAT. In conclusion, rLigB based LAT is a rapid, pen site, reliable diagnostic tool of high sensitivity and specificity, under laboratory and field conditions, for the detection of Leptospirosis .","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89379112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The leather industry sector is one of the fast growing economic sectors in Ethiopia. Hides and skins are the basic raw materials for the leather industry. The major sources for these raw materials are cattle, sheep and goats. The leather industry sub sector is still in its lower level of development. This sub sector is suffering from so many problems including diseases (like parasitic diseases such as mites basically demodex, psoroptes; bacterial diseases as dermatophillosis; fungal diseases like ringworms; and viral diseases like lumpy skin disease). The leather industry sub-sector also faces mechanical problems like flaying and branding, market availability and accessibility, transportation and the quality of raw materials supplied. Poor animal husbandry, bad practices in curing and collection, general handling and the potential of supply are the other factors that affect the leather sub sector. A lower attention is given to the Ethiopian livestock sector from which the raw materials come in relation to disease aspect, management of the mechanical problems, market conditions and others give a negative feedback to the leather industry sector. Due to these factors hindering the development of the leather sub-sector which are in need of greater care and management, the contribution of the sector to the national income is disproportionately small. Higher level of attention is needed to be given from government; stakeholders and professional sectors to improve the current status of skin and hides to that serve as the input for the leather industry that enables us to have a good quality output for foreign currency.
{"title":"Major treats of skin and hides in Ethiopian leather industry: A review","authors":"Semayat Oyda, Teferi Mandado","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V8I3.2611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V8I3.2611","url":null,"abstract":"The leather industry sector is one of the fast growing economic sectors in Ethiopia. Hides and skins are the basic raw materials for the leather industry. The major sources for these raw materials are cattle, sheep and goats. The leather industry sub sector is still in its lower level of development. This sub sector is suffering from so many problems including diseases (like parasitic diseases such as mites basically demodex, psoroptes; bacterial diseases as dermatophillosis; fungal diseases like ringworms; and viral diseases like lumpy skin disease). The leather industry sub-sector also faces mechanical problems like flaying and branding, market availability and accessibility, transportation and the quality of raw materials supplied. Poor animal husbandry, bad practices in curing and collection, general handling and the potential of supply are the other factors that affect the leather sub sector. A lower attention is given to the Ethiopian livestock sector from which the raw materials come in relation to disease aspect, management of the mechanical problems, market conditions and others give a negative feedback to the leather industry sector. Due to these factors hindering the development of the leather sub-sector which are in need of greater care and management, the contribution of the sector to the national income is disproportionately small. Higher level of attention is needed to be given from government; stakeholders and professional sectors to improve the current status of skin and hides to that serve as the input for the leather industry that enables us to have a good quality output for foreign currency.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) levels and the progestagen method on estrus response, onset and duration of estrus, lambing rate and litter size. A total of 20 Assaf ewes were used in the experiment, which was conducted during April, a month that is considered as non-breeding period in Palestine. Ewes were treated with intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). Seven days later, sponges were removed and 10 new sponges were inserted to 10 of the experimental ewes. Following withdrawal of sponges at day 14, 5 ewes from each treatment groups were injected intramuscularly with a pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at level of 300 or 600 IU. The results showed that level of PMSG and progesterone application methods had no significant effects on the tested parameters. This finding indicated that low level of PMSG can be applied for estrus synchronization. Results showed that using one sponge followed by a 300 IU dose of PMSG could induce estrus successfully with low cost comparing to application of two sponges and high doses of PMSG.
{"title":"Different Estrous Induction Protocols During the Non-Breeding Season in Assaf Ewes","authors":"Baher Mahmoud, Ode Abu, Gazal","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V7I5.2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V7I5.2528","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) levels and the progestagen method on estrus response, onset and duration of estrus, lambing rate and litter size. A total of 20 Assaf ewes were used in the experiment, which was conducted during April, a month that is considered as non-breeding period in Palestine. Ewes were treated with intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). Seven days later, sponges were removed and 10 new sponges were inserted to 10 of the experimental ewes. Following withdrawal of sponges at day 14, 5 ewes from each treatment groups were injected intramuscularly with a pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at level of 300 or 600 IU. The results showed that level of PMSG and progesterone application methods had no significant effects on the tested parameters. This finding indicated that low level of PMSG can be applied for estrus synchronization. Results showed that using one sponge followed by a 300 IU dose of PMSG could induce estrus successfully with low cost comparing to application of two sponges and high doses of PMSG.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78405785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to March 2016 to assess prevalence and associated factors of bovine hydatidosis and also to estimate its financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Shashemene municipal abattoir. Out of 400 examined cattle by meat inspection 199(49.75%) were infected by hydatid cyst in one or more of their visceral organs. The prevalence of hydatidosis in this study was significantly higher (P<0.05) in cattle with age group of more than 10 years (56.8%) and in animals having poor body condition (62.02%). Of the total 199 infected cattle, 109(54.77%) of them had hydatid cysts only in their lung, 42(21.1%) in liver, 5(2.51%) in spleen, 3(1.5%) in heart and 2(1%) in their kidney while the rest 28(18.08%) had multiple organs infection. Of the 721 cyst counted in viscera harboring hydatid cysts, the highest (57.56%) was in lung followed by liver (40.36%), spleen (1.38%), heart (0.41%), and kidney (0.27%). Out of the total 721 cysts collected, 24.18% were fertile, 46% sterile, and 29.82% calcified cysts. From the 175 fertile cysts, 60.57% cysts were found to be with viable protoscolics. Significantly the highest viability rate (P<0.05) was observed in fertile cysts of lung origin, 62.2% followed by 57.8% cysts of livers. Based on this study, the estimated annual financial loss due to direct and indirect effects of hydatidosis was 4, 158, 559.03ET=202, 955.54USD per annum based on the local market price in the study period. Hydatidosis was highly prevalent and economically important parasitic disease of cattle in the study area. The high percentage of viable cyst in this result indicates that the risk of its transmission with implication of public health importance. Public health measures such as control of stray dogs and strengthening of meat inspection services at abattoirs should be practiced.
本横断面研究于2015年11月至2016年3月进行，以评估牛包虫病的流行情况和相关因素，并估计其在沙什梅内市屠宰场屠宰的牛的经济损失。肉品检验的400头牛中，有199头(49.75%)在一个或多个内脏器官感染了包虫病。10岁以上的牛(56.8%)和体质差的牛(62.02%)的包虫病患病率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。199头感染牛中，仅肺包虫病109头(54.77%)，肝包虫病42头(21.1%)，脾包虫病5头(2.51%)，心包虫病3头(1.5%)，肾包虫病2头(1%)，多脏器感染28头(18.08%)。脏器包囊721例中，以肺(57.56%)最多，其次为肝(40.36%)、脾(1.38%)、心(0.41%)、肾(0.27%)。在收集的721个囊肿中，24.18%为可育囊肿，46%为不育囊肿，29.82%为钙化囊肿。175个可育囊肿中，60.57%的囊肿具有可活的原孢子。肺源性可育囊肿的存活率最高(P<0.05)，为62.2%，其次是肝脏囊肿(57.8%)。根据本研究，根据研究期间当地市场价格，估计每年因包虫病直接和间接影响造成的经济损失为4,158,559.03 et = 202,955.54 usd /年。包虫病是研究区牛的高发寄生虫病和重要的经济寄生虫病。该结果中存活囊肿的高百分比表明其传播风险具有公共卫生重要性。应采取公共卫生措施，例如控制流浪狗和加强屠宰场的肉类检验服务。
{"title":"Study on bovine hydatidosis and its economic significance at Shashemene municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Andualem Yimer, Aman Gudeta","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v7i3.2503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v7i3.2503","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to March 2016 to assess prevalence and associated factors of bovine hydatidosis and also to estimate its financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Shashemene municipal abattoir. Out of 400 examined cattle by meat inspection 199(49.75%) were infected by hydatid cyst in one or more of their visceral organs. The prevalence of hydatidosis in this study was significantly higher (P<0.05) in cattle with age group of more than 10 years (56.8%) and in animals having poor body condition (62.02%). Of the total 199 infected cattle, 109(54.77%) of them had hydatid cysts only in their lung, 42(21.1%) in liver, 5(2.51%) in spleen, 3(1.5%) in heart and 2(1%) in their kidney while the rest 28(18.08%) had multiple organs infection. Of the 721 cyst counted in viscera harboring hydatid cysts, the highest (57.56%) was in lung followed by liver (40.36%), spleen (1.38%), heart (0.41%), and kidney (0.27%). Out of the total 721 cysts collected, 24.18% were fertile, 46% sterile, and 29.82% calcified cysts. From the 175 fertile cysts, 60.57% cysts were found to be with viable protoscolics. Significantly the highest viability rate (P<0.05) was observed in fertile cysts of lung origin, 62.2% followed by 57.8% cysts of livers. Based on this study, the estimated annual financial loss due to direct and indirect effects of hydatidosis was 4, 158, 559.03ET=202, 955.54USD per annum based on the local market price in the study period. Hydatidosis was highly prevalent and economically important parasitic disease of cattle in the study area. The high percentage of viable cyst in this result indicates that the risk of its transmission with implication of public health importance. Public health measures such as control of stray dogs and strengthening of meat inspection services at abattoirs should be practiced.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identification of GIT parasites of sheep and goats in two selected districts of Afar from December 2014 to February 2016. Totally 590 faecal samples were collected from small ruminants (332 goat and 258 sheep) managed in pastoral and agro-pastoral production. Out of the total examined small ruminant 87.8% (518) were found to harbor one or more genera of helminth parasites. The result of the study revealed that 92.2% (306) of the goats and 82.2% (212) of the sheep were found positive for GIT parasites. Helminth parasites identified in small ruminant of the study area were Strongyles, Fasciola, Strongyloides, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, Ascaris and Monezia. The risk of infection with GIT helminth parasites in goats were 4.009 times higher than sheep (OR=4.009, p=0.011). Age and sex related difference was not observed in the prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats. Significantly (OR=0.119, p=0.000) higher prevalence of overall helminth parasites in poor body condition sheep and goats than good body condition was observed. Likewise, significant variation in overall parasite prevalence was observed between the study districts (OR=0.169, p=0.000). In this study, species of the animals, origin, and body condition score are important risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in the study area. In the study area nutrition is generally poor, low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of polyparasitism.
{"title":"Preliminary study on small ruminant GIT helminthiasis in select arid and semi-arid pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Afar region, Ethiopia","authors":"Hailegebrael Bedada, Fikru Gizaw, Wossene Negash","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v7i1.2477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v7i1.2477","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identification of GIT parasites of sheep and goats in two selected districts of Afar from December 2014 to February 2016. Totally 590 faecal samples were collected from small ruminants (332 goat and 258 sheep) managed in pastoral and agro-pastoral production. Out of the total examined small ruminant 87.8% (518) were found to harbor one or more genera of helminth parasites. The result of the study revealed that 92.2% (306) of the goats and 82.2% (212) of the sheep were found positive for GIT parasites. Helminth parasites identified in small ruminant of the study area were Strongyles, Fasciola, Strongyloides, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, Ascaris and Monezia. The risk of infection with GIT helminth parasites in goats were 4.009 times higher than sheep (OR=4.009, p=0.011). Age and sex related difference was not observed in the prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats. Significantly (OR=0.119, p=0.000) higher prevalence of overall helminth parasites in poor body condition sheep and goats than good body condition was observed. Likewise, significant variation in overall parasite prevalence was observed between the study districts (OR=0.169, p=0.000). In this study, species of the animals, origin, and body condition score are important risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in the study area. In the study area nutrition is generally poor, low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of polyparasitism.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84957241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-20DOI: 10.14196/SJVA.V6I11.2459
Semayat Oyda, D. Sheferaw, K. Aragaw
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir during November 2010 to April 2011 with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of Fasciola infection in slaughtered cattle and to assess the associated financial loss due to liver condemnation. Livers and feces of a total of 415 randomly selected cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were examined for Fasciola and their ova, respectively. Of the 415 livers and fecal sample examined, 127 (30.6%) and 103 (24.8%) were positive, respectively. Both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica were identified during the study. However F. gigantica was more prevalent (27.0%) than F. hepatica (3.6%) (P<0.05). There was strong association (P<0.001) between animal origin and Fasciola prevalence. Fasciola prevalence was higher in cattle from low-land (46.0%) areas compared to cattle from mid altitude areas (18.0%). Comparison of coprological examination with postmortem examination by taking the latter as gold standard, demonstrated almost perfect agreement between the two ( Kappa statistics= 0.86). The annual financial loss due to liver condemnation associated with liver flukes at the abattoir was estimated to be 115,362 Ethiopian Birr. It is concluded that fasciolosis is prevalent in areas which supply slaughter cattle to Wolaita Sodo municipal abattoir and the associated financial lose due to liver condemnation is considerable.
{"title":"Fasciola infection prevalence and financial loss due to liver condemnation in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Semayat Oyda, D. Sheferaw, K. Aragaw","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V6I11.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V6I11.2459","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir during November 2010 to April 2011 with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of Fasciola infection in slaughtered cattle and to assess the associated financial loss due to liver condemnation. Livers and feces of a total of 415 randomly selected cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were examined for Fasciola and their ova, respectively. Of the 415 livers and fecal sample examined, 127 (30.6%) and 103 (24.8%) were positive, respectively. Both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica were identified during the study. However F. gigantica was more prevalent (27.0%) than F. hepatica (3.6%) (P<0.05). There was strong association (P<0.001) between animal origin and Fasciola prevalence. Fasciola prevalence was higher in cattle from low-land (46.0%) areas compared to cattle from mid altitude areas (18.0%). Comparison of coprological examination with postmortem examination by taking the latter as gold standard, demonstrated almost perfect agreement between the two ( Kappa statistics= 0.86). The annual financial loss due to liver condemnation associated with liver flukes at the abattoir was estimated to be 115,362 Ethiopian Birr. It is concluded that fasciolosis is prevalent in areas which supply slaughter cattle to Wolaita Sodo municipal abattoir and the associated financial lose due to liver condemnation is considerable.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78231368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study was designed, from February, 2016 to October, 2016 using systematic random sampling technique. For the determination of (GIT) parasites, faecal samples were collected from the study animals and subjected to faecal floatation and sedimentation technique. A.suum has the highest prevalence of 147 (24.5%), then followed by Trichuris suis 96 (16.0%), Emeria species 73 (12.2%), Oesophagostomum species 58 (9.7%), strongyloides spp 41 (6.8%), Fasciola species 28 (4.7%), Isospora suis 17 (2.8%), paragonimus suis 11 (1.8%), schistosoma suis 8 (1.3%) and Taenia solum 28 (0.3%) respectively. Pigs with single infection are (53.2%), double infections (18.5%) and triple infections (80.2%). For sex boars have prevalence of (34.0%) and sows have (46.2%) with P-value of 0.0007 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 1.208. For age the young have prevalence of (27.2%) and the adults (53.0%) with P-value of 0.0066 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 1.166. For management system the extensive have a prevalence of (64.7%) while the semi intensive (15.5%) with p-value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 0.7884. Dry season has prevalence of (30.2%) and (50.0%) for rainy season with p-value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 0.8017. The overall prevalence for households is (66.7%) out of 485 sample pigs while for abattoir is (13.5%) out of 115 sample pigs. The overall prevalence from this study is (80.2%) out of 600 pigs sampled.
{"title":"Occurrence and public health implications of gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Billiri Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Lekko, J. Lawal, J. Dauda, I. Waziri","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V6I9.2448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V6I9.2448","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was designed, from February, 2016 to October, 2016 using systematic random sampling technique. For the determination of (GIT) parasites, faecal samples were collected from the study animals and subjected to faecal floatation and sedimentation technique. A.suum has the highest prevalence of 147 (24.5%), then followed by Trichuris suis 96 (16.0%), Emeria species 73 (12.2%), Oesophagostomum species 58 (9.7%), strongyloides spp 41 (6.8%), Fasciola species 28 (4.7%), Isospora suis 17 (2.8%), paragonimus suis 11 (1.8%), schistosoma suis 8 (1.3%) and Taenia solum 28 (0.3%) respectively. Pigs with single infection are (53.2%), double infections (18.5%) and triple infections (80.2%). For sex boars have prevalence of (34.0%) and sows have (46.2%) with P-value of 0.0007 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 1.208. For age the young have prevalence of (27.2%) and the adults (53.0%) with P-value of 0.0066 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 1.166. For management system the extensive have a prevalence of (64.7%) while the semi intensive (15.5%) with p-value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 0.7884. Dry season has prevalence of (30.2%) and (50.0%) for rainy season with p-value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant and relative risk of 0.8017. The overall prevalence for households is (66.7%) out of 485 sample pigs while for abattoir is (13.5%) out of 115 sample pigs. The overall prevalence from this study is (80.2%) out of 600 pigs sampled.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75661044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High Ammonia concentration in broiler's houses contributed a reduction in performance, lowering in resistance and increased mortality. Four out of five Hubbard broiler groups (5 × 60) were subjected to 60 ppm ammonia for 2; 4; 6; 8 hours per day; respectively for 5 successive weeks. The impact of high ammonia concentration on biochemical; immunological and bacteriological status was assessed in 900 (150 sera, 150 plasma, 150 swab and 450 organ) samples collected post exposure. Data were analyzed using traditional and mixed model ANOVA considering repeated measures. Effect size estimates were quantified using Eta and partial Eta-squared. Broilers showed 10, 18, 32 and 41.2% mortalities at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs of exposure; respectively. A highly significant decline (P ˂ 0.01) was recorded in immune organs’ weight. Plasma immunoglobulins revealed a highly significant decrease (P ˂ 0.01) at 8 hrs of exposure. Newcastle virus vaccine titer revealed a highly significant decrease (P ˂ 0.01) in 4, 6 and 8 hrs of exposure. Effect size statistics revealed that mixed model ANOVA was advantageous in exhibiting the biological value of studied effects. The longer the period of exposure to ammonia beyond permissible limits, the larger negative influences can be detected. Management practice in broiler farms should include preventive measures to reduce ammonia concentrations as well as researchers should keep in mind a quantitative estimate for each effect size when conducting experimental studies.
{"title":"Application of mixed design models in impact of high Ammonia concentration on Plasma Immunoglobulins and Newcastle virus vaccine titer in broilers","authors":"E. Soliman, S. Moawed","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V6I7.2436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V6I7.2436","url":null,"abstract":"High Ammonia concentration in broiler's houses contributed a reduction in performance, lowering in resistance and increased mortality. Four out of five Hubbard broiler groups (5 × 60) were subjected to 60 ppm ammonia for 2; 4; 6; 8 hours per day; respectively for 5 successive weeks. The impact of high ammonia concentration on biochemical; immunological and bacteriological status was assessed in 900 (150 sera, 150 plasma, 150 swab and 450 organ) samples collected post exposure. Data were analyzed using traditional and mixed model ANOVA considering repeated measures. Effect size estimates were quantified using Eta and partial Eta-squared. Broilers showed 10, 18, 32 and 41.2% mortalities at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs of exposure; respectively. A highly significant decline (P ˂ 0.01) was recorded in immune organs’ weight. Plasma immunoglobulins revealed a highly significant decrease (P ˂ 0.01) at 8 hrs of exposure. Newcastle virus vaccine titer revealed a highly significant decrease (P ˂ 0.01) in 4, 6 and 8 hrs of exposure. Effect size statistics revealed that mixed model ANOVA was advantageous in exhibiting the biological value of studied effects. The longer the period of exposure to ammonia beyond permissible limits, the larger negative influences can be detected. Management practice in broiler farms should include preventive measures to reduce ammonia concentrations as well as researchers should keep in mind a quantitative estimate for each effect size when conducting experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87328776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contagious agalactiae caused by Mycoplasma agalctiae ( M. agalctiae ) implicated for important losses in small ruminant due to mortality, decreased milk production, and cost of treatment and prevention. There is a lack of information about the disease status in Palestine. In this study, a survey of M. agalctiae antibodies in sheep blood from Jericho city near the Jordan River in the eastern Palestine was conducted. A total of 611 randomly selected sheep of different ages were investigated from different farms in two regions in Jericho city during the period from December 2016 to March 2017 to. Blood samples were collected and serum was subjected to serologic examination for detection of antibodies against M. agalctiae major membrane lipoprotein of (p48) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, CHECKIT, IDEXX). The overall M. agalctiae seroprevalence rate was 11.5%. Regarding the distribution of the disease in the investigated regions in Jericho city; the seroprevalence rate of M. agalctiae in sheep was 13.5% in Al-Jiftlik and 4.4% in Fasa'il. This is the first report of M. agalactiae infection in Palestine. Further studies are required to determine other causes of contagious agalactiae and to include other regions in Palestine.
{"title":"First prevalence report of contagious agalactia by Mycoplasma agalactiae in sheep in Jericho-Palestine","authors":"N. Jalboush, I. Alzuheir","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V6I5.2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V6I5.2407","url":null,"abstract":"Contagious agalactiae caused by Mycoplasma agalctiae ( M. agalctiae ) implicated for important losses in small ruminant due to mortality, decreased milk production, and cost of treatment and prevention. There is a lack of information about the disease status in Palestine. In this study, a survey of M. agalctiae antibodies in sheep blood from Jericho city near the Jordan River in the eastern Palestine was conducted. A total of 611 randomly selected sheep of different ages were investigated from different farms in two regions in Jericho city during the period from December 2016 to March 2017 to. Blood samples were collected and serum was subjected to serologic examination for detection of antibodies against M. agalctiae major membrane lipoprotein of (p48) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, CHECKIT, IDEXX). The overall M. agalctiae seroprevalence rate was 11.5%. Regarding the distribution of the disease in the investigated regions in Jericho city; the seroprevalence rate of M. agalctiae in sheep was 13.5% in Al-Jiftlik and 4.4% in Fasa'il. This is the first report of M. agalactiae infection in Palestine. Further studies are required to determine other causes of contagious agalactiae and to include other regions in Palestine.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73409511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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