Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0131
A. Rimfa
Wild animals in Zoos across the globe are kept for aesthetic, educational, recreational and conservation purposes. Collections of rare and endangered species are also preserved in Zoos. Lions do well in captivity but are prone to excessive worm burden especially round worms and tapeworms though these conditions can easily be managed with adequate Veterinary services. Incidence of toxocariasis in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Nigeria has largely not been reported. Jos Zoo and Wildlife Park both in Plateau State of Nigeria have lost significant number of lions to toxocariasis due to inadequate Veterinary attention A fatal case of toxocariasis in an African Lioness in Jos Zoological Garden, Nigeria was presented as a case study.
{"title":"Toxocariasis In A Lioness In Jos Zoo, Nigeria","authors":"A. Rimfa","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0131","url":null,"abstract":"Wild animals in Zoos across the globe are kept for aesthetic, educational, recreational and conservation purposes. Collections of rare and endangered species are also preserved in Zoos. Lions do well in captivity but are prone to excessive worm burden especially round worms and tapeworms though these conditions can easily be managed with adequate Veterinary services. Incidence of toxocariasis in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Nigeria has largely not been reported. Jos Zoo and Wildlife Park both in Plateau State of Nigeria have lost significant number of lions to toxocariasis due to inadequate Veterinary attention A fatal case of toxocariasis in an African Lioness in Jos Zoological Garden, Nigeria was presented as a case study.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87240097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0141
J. Aiyedun
Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.
{"title":"Cross Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Aiyedun","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0141","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed\u0000in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88598404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0112
O. Oludairo
Multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella are frequently encountered with increased rates in recent years. Many variants of the organism have developed MDR genes which they retain even when antimicrobial drugs are no more in use, limiting the choice of drugs for therapy of Salmonella infections resulting in morbidity and mortality in both man and animals and raising more public health questions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to twelve antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Eight Salmonella spp. isolated from wildlife were tested. All the isolates exhibited MDR, showing resistance to at least four and up to nine antimicrobial agents. They were all highly resistant (100%) to ceftazidime, cephazoline, cefuroxidine and ampicillin but were susceptible to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Six resistant patterns were observed, with ampicillin-cefuroxime sodiumcephazolin-ceftazidime and streptomycin-ampicillin-cefuroxime sodium-cephazolin-ceftazidime resistant patterns exhibited by two isolates each. The substantial multiple resistance pointed to the fact that limitations could be faced in choosing drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections and that mortality and economic losses could be experienced especially if sensitivity tests are not carried out before antimicrobial choice is made for treatments in both man and animals.
{"title":"Drug of Choice in the Treatment of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Salmonellae Isolated from Wildlife in Nigeria","authors":"O. Oludairo","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella are frequently encountered with increased rates in recent years. Many variants of the organism have developed MDR genes which they retain even when antimicrobial drugs are no more in use, limiting the choice of drugs for therapy of Salmonella infections resulting in morbidity and mortality in both man and animals and raising more public health questions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to twelve antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Eight Salmonella spp. isolated from wildlife were tested. All the isolates exhibited MDR, showing resistance to at least four and up to nine antimicrobial agents. They were all highly resistant (100%) to ceftazidime, cephazoline, cefuroxidine and ampicillin but were susceptible to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Six resistant patterns were observed, with ampicillin-cefuroxime sodiumcephazolin-ceftazidime and streptomycin-ampicillin-cefuroxime sodium-cephazolin-ceftazidime resistant patterns exhibited by two isolates each. The substantial multiple resistance pointed to the fact that limitations could be faced in choosing drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections and that mortality and economic losses could be experienced especially if sensitivity tests are not carried out before antimicrobial choice is made for treatments in both man and animals.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80807751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0102
M. Adam
The African civet cat (Civetticus civetta) is native to Ethiopia, Guinea, Senegal, and other places in equatorial Africa. Civet cats are grouped under order Carnivora and family Viverridae and are wild viverids of the tropics. They are nocturnal and solitary animals that only mix during mating. Though, civet cats are primarily carnivorous, they are opportunistic omnivores, but feeds on a mixture of fruits and vegetables, maize meal and meat (1kg/civet), eggs, insects, rodents, invertebrates and birds. Parasitic and infectious diseases have become a major concern in the conservation of endangered species as they can cause mortality, dramatic population declines, and even contribute to local extinction events. This report concern is about a Civet which was acquired in May, 2016 by the private forest garden. It showed no previous sign of illness prior to its death in July. The carcass weighed approximately 4kg and was in good bodily condition. Congestion of the lungs were evident, while the stomach was empty, but the duodenum contained cream-coloured mucoid exudates admixed with two long cestodes, measuring up to 52cm and numerous short segments of this worm, (up to 2 cm in length) within the lumen of the proximal 1/3rd of the duodenum and extending to the jejunum and ileum. Parasitological examination revealed that the cestodes was Dipylidium spp. It was concluded that, the Civet could have died as a result of parasitic gastroenteritis and pneumonia 53 days after it was introduced into the forest garden. It is most likely that the infection was acquired from the wild before the animal was introduced into the forest garden.
{"title":"Fatal Parasitic Gastroenteritis and Pneumonia In A Captive African Civet (Civettictis civetta)","authors":"M. Adam","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0102","url":null,"abstract":"The African civet cat (Civetticus civetta) is native to Ethiopia, Guinea, Senegal, and other places in equatorial Africa. Civet cats are grouped under order Carnivora and family Viverridae and are wild viverids of the tropics. They are nocturnal and solitary animals that only mix during mating. Though, civet cats are primarily carnivorous, they are opportunistic omnivores, but feeds on a mixture of fruits and vegetables, maize meal and meat (1kg/civet), eggs, insects, rodents, invertebrates and birds. Parasitic and infectious diseases have become a major concern in the conservation of endangered species as they can cause mortality, dramatic population declines, and even contribute to local extinction events. This report concern is about a Civet which was acquired in May, 2016 by the private forest garden. It showed no previous sign of illness prior to its death in July. The carcass weighed approximately 4kg and was in good bodily condition. Congestion of the lungs were evident, while the stomach was empty, but the duodenum contained cream-coloured mucoid exudates admixed with two long cestodes, measuring up to 52cm and numerous short segments of this worm, (up to 2 cm in length) within the lumen of the proximal 1/3rd of the duodenum and extending to the jejunum and ileum. Parasitological examination revealed that the cestodes was Dipylidium spp. It was concluded that, the Civet could have died as a result of parasitic gastroenteritis and pneumonia 53 days after it was introduced into the forest garden. It is most likely that the infection was acquired from the wild before the animal was introduced into the forest garden.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82962952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0191
B. Mofio, P.E. Ofure
Free radicals are implicated as a cause and consequence of diverse health pathologies including neuro-degenerative diseases, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes mellitus, cancer, nephropathies, inflammatory disorders, auto-immune diseases, idiosyncratic reactions etc. There is however a renewed interest in the study of plants for novel antioxidants. The present study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of Date palm (Phoenix datylifera L.) fruit using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and also conducted phyto-chemical analysis using standard protocols. The crude extract produced a reduced antioxidant effect compared to ascorbic acid. Specifically, at high test concentrations (0.50 and 0.25 mg/ml), the mean antioxidant activity of the extract was 65.7% and 55.2% respectively relative to 79.0% and 76.8% with ascorbic acid at the same concentration. The extract also induced an abysmally low antioxidant activity of less than 32% below 0.25 mg/ml. Phyto-chemical analysis revealed that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Phoenix datylifera L. fruit could be a potential source for isolation of potent antioxidant principles..
{"title":"Evaluation of The Antioxidant Properties of Abid Rahim Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)fruit","authors":"B. Mofio, P.E. Ofure","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0191","url":null,"abstract":"Free radicals are implicated as a cause and consequence of diverse health pathologies including neuro-degenerative diseases, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes mellitus, cancer, nephropathies, inflammatory disorders, auto-immune diseases, idiosyncratic reactions etc. There is however a renewed interest in the study of plants for novel antioxidants. The present study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of Date palm (Phoenix datylifera L.) fruit using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and also conducted phyto-chemical analysis using standard protocols. The crude extract produced a reduced antioxidant effect compared to ascorbic acid. Specifically, at high test concentrations (0.50 and 0.25 mg/ml), the mean antioxidant activity of the extract was 65.7% and 55.2% respectively relative to 79.0% and 76.8% with ascorbic acid at the same concentration. The extract also induced an abysmally low antioxidant activity of less than 32% below 0.25 mg/ml. Phyto-chemical analysis revealed that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Phoenix datylifera L. fruit could be a potential source for isolation of potent antioxidant principles..","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89469853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0172
J. Omamegbe, F. Nwinyi
Most animals presented for veterinary care are suffering or will suffer from some pain during restraint, clinical examination, samples collection, diagnostic imaging, parenteral drug administration or clinical procedures et cetera. The Veterinarian is ethically, morally and professionally enjoined to recognize and alleviate such pain. Although most studies on animal pain have been focused on mostly post surgical pain in dogs and cats, animals afflicted with most common external or internal, infectious and non-infectious disease conditions also suffer from pain. Identifying animals in pain alone is difficult except if a Veterinarian with a penchant for the management of pain in animals actively looks out for it in patients. The measurement of pain in animals poses even more difficulties for the Veterinarian than its identification mainly because animals are unable to communicate the locations, the temporal occurance and the severities of the pain they feel just as they don’t of other clinical manifestations. Therefore, animals in pain rely on their owners, handlers or keepers et cetera who actually don’t know how or where it hurts them to provide such details to the Veterinaruan. To complicate matters, the use of validated pain assessment scales in animals is fraught with serious limitations except to some less extent, for the visual analog and the simple descriptive scales which seem applicable in real clinic situations. A multi-modal mode of management in which opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, α 2 – adrenergic agonists, NDMA receptor antagonists and ketamine delivered through a variety of routes, at varied dosages and regimens, is advocated for pain management in animals. The need to regularly review the state of the patient vis-à-vis the need to modify the treatment module and regimen cannot be over emphasized when and if a clinical case is under consideration. This may involve the change of medications, the addition of more medications, the reduction in the number of medication, changes in dosages and the regimen in use from time to time. This discuss is aimed at the general Veterinary practitioner who is presented daily with different species and breeds of animals suffering from varieties of clinical conditions or which will undergo a variety of clinical procedures capable of causing pain in the course of veterinary health care delivery in diverse clinic settings.
{"title":"The Management of Pain In Animals on The Clinic Floor","authors":"J. Omamegbe, F. Nwinyi","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0172","url":null,"abstract":"Most animals presented for veterinary care are suffering or will suffer from some pain during restraint, clinical examination, samples collection, diagnostic imaging, parenteral drug administration or clinical procedures et cetera. The Veterinarian is ethically, morally and professionally enjoined to recognize and alleviate such pain. Although most studies on animal pain have been focused on mostly post surgical pain in dogs and cats, animals afflicted with most common external or internal, infectious and non-infectious disease conditions also suffer from pain. Identifying animals in pain alone is difficult except if a Veterinarian with a penchant for the management of pain in animals actively looks out for it in patients. The measurement of pain in animals poses even more difficulties for the Veterinarian than its identification mainly because animals are unable to communicate the locations, the temporal occurance and the severities of the pain they feel just as they don’t of other clinical manifestations. Therefore, animals in pain rely on their owners, handlers or keepers et cetera who actually don’t know how or where it hurts them to provide such details to the Veterinaruan. To complicate matters, the use of validated pain assessment scales in animals is fraught with serious limitations except to some less extent, for the visual analog and the simple descriptive scales which seem applicable in real clinic situations. A multi-modal mode of management in which opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, α 2 – adrenergic agonists, NDMA receptor antagonists and ketamine delivered through a variety of routes, at varied dosages and regimens, is advocated for pain management in animals. The need to regularly review the state of the patient vis-à-vis the need to modify the treatment module and regimen cannot be over emphasized when and if a clinical case is under consideration. This may involve the change of medications, the addition of more medications, the reduction in the number of medication, changes in dosages and the regimen in use from time to time. This discuss is aimed at the general Veterinary practitioner who is presented daily with different species and breeds of animals suffering from varieties of clinical conditions or which will undergo a variety of clinical procedures capable of causing pain in the course of veterinary health care delivery in diverse clinic settings.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74075499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0110
B. Y. Kaltungo
A 5-year-old Sokoto Gudali bull was presented with complaint of recurrent soft and flocculent swelling beneath the tongue. Careful clinical assessment led to a diagnosis of sublingual sialocele. A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva which is surrounded by tissue reaction to saliva. An aspirate of the fluid revealed a clear viscid content with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. The case was managed surgically by marsupialization. Recovery was “uneventful” and was found to be normal 2 months post-surgery. It was concluded that marsupialization technique may be a permanent remedy for recurring sublingual sialocele in cattle.
{"title":"The Management of Recurrent Sublingual Sialocele In A Feedlot Sokoto Gudali Bull: A Case Report","authors":"B. Y. Kaltungo","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0110","url":null,"abstract":"A 5-year-old Sokoto Gudali bull was presented with complaint of recurrent soft and flocculent swelling beneath the tongue. Careful clinical assessment led to a diagnosis of sublingual sialocele. A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva which is surrounded by tissue reaction to saliva. An aspirate of the fluid revealed a clear viscid content with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. The case was managed surgically by marsupialization. Recovery was “uneventful” and was found to be normal 2 months post-surgery. It was concluded that marsupialization technique may be a permanent remedy for recurring sublingual sialocele in cattle.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85307288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0182
O. Jegede
This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic breed of turkeys reared in Gwagwalada, Guinea savannah Zone of Nigeria. It was conducted between May and September, 2017. One hundred [100] faecal samples were collected from local and exotic breeds of turkeys in Gwagwalada Area Council and examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites eggs and oocysts using flotation and sedimentation methods. The following parasites eggs/oocysts were identified in the study; Ascaridia spp [47%], Strongyloides spp [32%], Cappilaria spp [26%], Heterakis spp [25%], Tetrameres spp [24%], Spirurid spp [15%], Raillientina spp[13%], Davainea spp [10%], Subulura spp [6%], Oxyuris spp [6%], Cyathostoma spp [5%], Syngamus spp [5%]. The Oocysts identified belonged to Eimeria spp [41%], Cryptosporidium spp [34%], Sarcocystis spp [6%], Trichomonas spp [4%]. A total of 95% of the turkeys were infected, with majority of the birds having mixed infection. Interestingly, none of the turkeys examined was infected with trematodes. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence [p>0.05] among the Turkeys. There was difference [p<0.05] in the prevalence of infected male and female turkeys. The females had higher Infestation with the parasites than the males. There was no significant difference [p>0.05] among the age groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in this study shows a higher occurrence in exotic breed of turkeys 58.9% when compared to the local breed 41.1%. The domestic turkeys raised are hosts of a great number of gastrointestinal parasites which is attributed to the production system to which they belong. Therefore, Turkeys raised in free range condition of breeding should have a boundary and food served to them to reduce their search for food which exposes them to intermediate hosts of parasites.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Parasites of Local And Exotic Breeds of Turkeys [Meleagris gallopavo] In Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria","authors":"O. Jegede","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0182","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic breed of turkeys reared in Gwagwalada, Guinea savannah Zone of Nigeria. It was conducted between May and September, 2017. One hundred [100] faecal samples were collected from local and exotic breeds of turkeys in Gwagwalada Area Council and examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites eggs and oocysts using flotation and sedimentation methods. The following parasites eggs/oocysts were identified in the study; Ascaridia spp [47%], Strongyloides spp [32%], Cappilaria spp [26%], Heterakis spp [25%], Tetrameres spp [24%], Spirurid spp [15%], Raillientina spp[13%], Davainea spp [10%], Subulura spp [6%], Oxyuris spp [6%], Cyathostoma spp [5%], Syngamus spp [5%]. The Oocysts identified belonged to Eimeria spp [41%], Cryptosporidium spp [34%], Sarcocystis spp [6%], Trichomonas spp [4%]. A total of 95% of the turkeys were infected, with majority of the birds having mixed infection. Interestingly, none of the turkeys examined was infected with trematodes. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence [p>0.05] among the Turkeys. There was difference [p<0.05] in the prevalence of infected male and female turkeys. The females had higher Infestation with the parasites than the males. There was no significant difference [p>0.05] among the age groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in this study shows a higher occurrence in exotic breed of turkeys 58.9% when compared to the local breed 41.1%. The domestic turkeys raised are hosts of a great number of gastrointestinal parasites which is attributed to the production system to which they belong. Therefore, Turkeys raised in free range condition of breeding should have a boundary and food served to them to reduce their search for food which exposes them to intermediate hosts of parasites.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75046828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0130
B. Umaru
Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001μg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.
{"title":"Effects of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma Longa Rhizome On Motility of Isolated Rabbit Jejunum","authors":"B. Umaru","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001μg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80044846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0290
T. Imam, Z. Abdullahi, A. Sani
Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus in different water qualities were investigated. Initially, water of equal quality was used for the experiment, later the quality of water varies due to period of water change, (daily-T4, weekly-T3, bi-weekly-T2 and monthly-T1). Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed. Two hundred and forty (240) seven weeks old fingerlings of C. gariepinus were randomly distributed into 12 plastic tanks. Poor growth of C. gariepinus was observed in the treatment tanks (T1, T2 and T3), compared with growth of fish in the control (T4) which was progressive as indicated by the higher value of condition factor. Treatment tanks had significantly (P < 0.05) higher EC, TDS, Turbidity, Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite and significantly (P < 0.05) lower DO than culture water in control container. Slight growth was recorded for fish in T1 and T2 until the second week when drop in fish weight was observed. This study has shown that poor water quality can reduce growth rate and survival of C. gariepinus.
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