M. N. Nazihah, M. A. Farah Fazwa, A Zunoliza, S. Suryani, H Siti Salwana
Labisia pumila, known as kacip fatimah is a traditional herbs widely used for women. The herb was used as a post partum medicine to help contract the birth channel. From previous research, 120 clones of Labisia pumila var. alata was collected from three different locations and 30 clones of the herbs was found having high yielding of total phenolic content (TPC). In this study, one clone from each location was selected for further analyses, which are TA14 from Kuala Berang, TSA13 from Kemaman and DA20 from Gua Musang. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) associated with second derivative infrared spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical fingerprint of each clone of Labisia pumila. This analytical method is highly rapid and effective for analysis of medicinal herbs. Second derivative IR spectroscopy could enhance the spectral resolution by amplifying tiny differences in the IR spectrum. In this method, the whole chemical property of the sample can be revealed and shown in the IR spectrum. A total of ten absorption peaks were obviously present in the IR spectra which can be used to characterize the species. The IR spectra shows the presence of broader peak at frequencies of range 3266 – 3338 cm-1 which attributable to the alcohol group. This study also attempts to develop HPLC fingerprint of the selected clones. Observation on HPLC spectra shows the presence of one distinct peak at retention time of 12.30, 12.99 and 12.93 min, respectively in each clone. This compound will be characterized and will be used as reference compound in quality assessment in plant breeding
{"title":"Chemical Fingerprint Using FTIR and HPLC as Qualitative Analysis in the Study of Propagation of Labisia pumila Var. Alata","authors":"M. N. Nazihah, M. A. Farah Fazwa, A Zunoliza, S. Suryani, H Siti Salwana","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.547","url":null,"abstract":"Labisia pumila, known as kacip fatimah is a traditional herbs widely used for women. The herb was used as a post partum medicine to help contract the birth channel. From previous research, 120 clones of Labisia pumila var. alata was collected from three different locations and 30 clones of the herbs was found having high yielding of total phenolic content (TPC). In this study, one clone from each location was selected for further analyses, which are TA14 from Kuala Berang, TSA13 from Kemaman and DA20 from Gua Musang. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) associated with second derivative infrared spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical fingerprint of each clone of Labisia pumila. This analytical method is highly rapid and effective for analysis of medicinal herbs. Second derivative IR spectroscopy could enhance the spectral resolution by amplifying tiny differences in the IR spectrum. In this method, the whole chemical property of the sample can be revealed and shown in the IR spectrum. A total of ten absorption peaks were obviously present in the IR spectra which can be used to characterize the species. The IR spectra shows the presence of broader peak at frequencies of range 3266 – 3338 cm-1 which attributable to the alcohol group. This study also attempts to develop HPLC fingerprint of the selected clones. Observation on HPLC spectra shows the presence of one distinct peak at retention time of 12.30, 12.99 and 12.93 min, respectively in each clone. This compound will be characterized and will be used as reference compound in quality assessment in plant breeding","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90480111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frog identification based on their calls becomes important for biological research and environmental monitoring. However, identifying particular frog calls becomes challenging particularly when the frog calls are interrupted with noises either in natural background noise or man-made noise. Hence, an automatic identification frog call system that robust in noisy environment has been proposed in this paper. Experimental studies of 675 audio obtained from 15 species of frogs in the Malaysian forest and recorded in an outdoor environment are used in this study. These audio data are then corrupted by 10dB and 5dB noise. A syllable segmentation technique i.e. short time energy (STE) and Short Time Average Zero Crossing Rate (STAZCR) and feature extraction, Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) are employed to segment the desired syllables and extract the segmented signal. Subsequently, the Local Mean k-Nearest Neighbor with Fuzzy Distance Weighting (LMkNN-FDW) are employed as a classifier in order to evaluate the performance of the identification system. The experimental results show both of natural background noise and man-made noise outperform by 95.2% and 88.27% in clean SNR, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Natural Background Noise and Man-Made Noise on Automated Frog Calls Identification System","authors":"H. Jaafar, D. A. Ramli","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.559","url":null,"abstract":"Frog identification based on their calls becomes important for biological research and environmental monitoring. However, identifying particular frog calls becomes challenging particularly when the frog calls are interrupted with noises either in natural background noise or man-made noise. Hence, an automatic identification frog call system that robust in noisy environment has been proposed in this paper. Experimental studies of 675 audio obtained from 15 species of frogs in the Malaysian forest and recorded in an outdoor environment are used in this study. These audio data are then corrupted by 10dB and 5dB noise. A syllable segmentation technique i.e. short time energy (STE) and Short Time Average Zero Crossing Rate (STAZCR) and feature extraction, Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) are employed to segment the desired syllables and extract the segmented signal. Subsequently, the Local Mean k-Nearest Neighbor with Fuzzy Distance Weighting (LMkNN-FDW) are employed as a classifier in order to evaluate the performance of the identification system. The experimental results show both of natural background noise and man-made noise outperform by 95.2% and 88.27% in clean SNR, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82911934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unique protected ecosystems created by the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (CSBG) researchers on the basis of ecological – geographical principle allowed the establishment of exact soil and microclimate conditions, favorable to the vigorous growth of many terrestrial Begonias. Begonias are successfully introduced in the CSBG as an understorey component of the pluristratal tropical forest and well adapted to the shady, humid conditions. Maintenance of rich Begoniaceae collection was based on the concept of imaging the natural habitat of the Begonias to determine environmental factors such as illuminance, temperature, humidity and substrate preference. In vitro regeneration of 4 Begonia genotypes was carried out starting from female flower segments and peduncles as explants. These regenerants have a better capability to grow than traditionally obtained ones and their flowers developed to anthesis in vitro. The techniques open a new way for an efficient micropropagation protocol for Begonia species conservation in vitro.
{"title":"The Creation of Protected Ecosystems as the Conservation-Friendly Way to Save Genus Begonia from Extinction","authors":"Nabieva A.Yu., T. Fershalova","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.551","url":null,"abstract":"The unique protected ecosystems created by the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (CSBG) researchers on the basis of ecological – geographical principle allowed the establishment of exact soil and microclimate conditions, favorable to the vigorous growth of many terrestrial Begonias. Begonias are successfully introduced in the CSBG as an understorey component of the pluristratal tropical forest and well adapted to the shady, humid conditions. Maintenance of rich Begoniaceae collection was based on the concept of imaging the natural habitat of the Begonias to determine environmental factors such as illuminance, temperature, humidity and substrate preference. In vitro regeneration of 4 Begonia genotypes was carried out starting from female flower segments and peduncles as explants. These regenerants have a better capability to grow than traditionally obtained ones and their flowers developed to anthesis in vitro. The techniques open a new way for an efficient micropropagation protocol for Begonia species conservation in vitro.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85162700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. F. M. Azmin, Atikah Mohamed Sharikh, Ummi S. Halmi Shari, A. S. Azmi
Understanding of the correlative effects of combined variables on the growth rate of the cyanobacteria is fundamental to the exploitation of cyanobacteria as a biological mechanism to produce biofuels. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are phototrophic microorganisms that offers attractive benefits, among which is a direct conversion of CO2 to a range of valuable products such as carbon-based biofuels. One model of cyanobacteria species is the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. This paper describes the model developed to investigate the combined impacts of the variables on the growth of the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The variables understudy include the temperature of the media, light intensity, the concentration of NaNO3, and the concentration of the NPK. The data is obtained from a lab scale study in which the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 underwent mutagenesis procedures. It is hypotheses that certain combination of the variables plays a key role in determining the growth rate of Synechococcus sp. 7002. The growth rate is determined through the measurement of four response variables, carbohydrate concentration, percentage of CO2 uptake, cell dry weight (CDW), and optical density (OD). A multivariate PCA model was developed which unearths the underlying relationship between the variables. Promising results were yield from the proposed model. Distinctive correlations between the variables were clearly described by the PCA model.
{"title":"Growth of Mutant Synechococcus SP. PCC 7002: Effects of Multi-Parameters and Prediction of Growth Rate","authors":"N. F. M. Azmin, Atikah Mohamed Sharikh, Ummi S. Halmi Shari, A. S. Azmi","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.553","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of the correlative effects of combined variables on the growth rate of the cyanobacteria is fundamental to the exploitation of cyanobacteria as a biological mechanism to produce biofuels. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are phototrophic microorganisms that offers attractive benefits, among which is a direct conversion of CO2 to a range of valuable products such as carbon-based biofuels. One model of cyanobacteria species is the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. This paper describes the model developed to investigate the combined impacts of the variables on the growth of the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The variables understudy include the temperature of the media, light intensity, the concentration of NaNO3, and the concentration of the NPK. The data is obtained from a lab scale study in which the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 underwent mutagenesis procedures. It is hypotheses that certain combination of the variables plays a key role in determining the growth rate of Synechococcus sp. 7002. The growth rate is determined through the measurement of four response variables, carbohydrate concentration, percentage of CO2 uptake, cell dry weight (CDW), and optical density (OD). A multivariate PCA model was developed which unearths the underlying relationship between the variables. Promising results were yield from the proposed model. Distinctive correlations between the variables were clearly described by the PCA model.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81825815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kumaran, A. S. Othman, S. A. Sah, Seri Intan Mokhtar
Recent morphometric analysis on T. glis in Peninsular Malaysia indicates that there were more than one morphotypes in this species. Thus this study attempts to examine this phenomenon using mitochondrial DNA sequences of Cyt b and CO1 genes. A total of 74 DNA sequences for both genes were generated using available universal primers. Samples from Southern Thailand were found to be misidentified as T. glis when in fact these samples clustered with T. belangeri while one T. tana from Borneo was miss-identified as T. minor. The phylogenetic trees showed that there are at least one confirmed morphotype of Tupaia (new Tupaia sp.) that have yet to be described. The results also showed that the separation of T. glis morphotype 1 and 11 were visible in the combined genes tree, congruent with the morphometric phylogeny but had poor phylogenetic support.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genes of Malaysian Tupaia Reveals Composite Species in Tupaia Glis","authors":"J. Kumaran, A. S. Othman, S. A. Sah, Seri Intan Mokhtar","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.557","url":null,"abstract":"Recent morphometric analysis on T. glis in Peninsular Malaysia indicates that there were more than one morphotypes in this species. Thus this study attempts to examine this phenomenon using mitochondrial DNA sequences of Cyt b and CO1 genes. A total of 74 DNA sequences for both genes were generated using available universal primers. Samples from Southern Thailand were found to be misidentified as T. glis when in fact these samples clustered with T. belangeri while one T. tana from Borneo was miss-identified as T. minor. The phylogenetic trees showed that there are at least one confirmed morphotype of Tupaia (new Tupaia sp.) that have yet to be described. The results also showed that the separation of T. glis morphotype 1 and 11 were visible in the combined genes tree, congruent with the morphometric phylogeny but had poor phylogenetic support.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86151136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Masseat, M. Mahat, I. Kamal, A. Saleh, Yanti Abdul Kadir
The clone was produced from a breeding attempt on pioneer indigenous species of Endospermum diadenum. Seeds from the tree were collected and then were propagate and germinated in FRIM’s nursery. The selection process continued for the progeny which has possessed vigorous growth among others. A bud from the plant was successfully tissue-cultured, which multiplied and developed roots in glass container. The clone was planted in year 1996 at Kepong Botanical Garden (FRIM’s KBG) and Kampung Jawa plantation plots in FRIM. The seedlings of the clone were able to grow and survive at open site. Several trees of the planted clone from these areas have been cut for timber testing for its basic properties as well as for product development. The wood of the clone trees possessed good physical and mechanical properties and acceptable wood colour (yellow to white colour). The trees were able to achieve 30cm in diameter and 24m in height of straight bole in 10 years after planting provided that the soil at the plantation site is well-nurtured. Short rotation of planting, practiced for the clone is suitable for forest plantation and sustainable supply of raw material either for solid furniture industry or wood-based industry.
{"title":"New Clone of Sesenduk (FRIMsrp001)","authors":"K. Masseat, M. Mahat, I. Kamal, A. Saleh, Yanti Abdul Kadir","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.545","url":null,"abstract":"The clone was produced from a breeding attempt on pioneer indigenous species of Endospermum diadenum. Seeds from the tree were collected and then were propagate and germinated in FRIM’s nursery. The selection process continued for the progeny which has possessed vigorous growth among others. A bud from the plant was successfully tissue-cultured, which multiplied and developed roots in glass container. The clone was planted in year 1996 at Kepong Botanical Garden (FRIM’s KBG) and Kampung Jawa plantation plots in FRIM. The seedlings of the clone were able to grow and survive at open site. Several trees of the planted clone from these areas have been cut for timber testing for its basic properties as well as for product development. The wood of the clone trees possessed good physical and mechanical properties and acceptable wood colour (yellow to white colour). The trees were able to achieve 30cm in diameter and 24m in height of straight bole in 10 years after planting provided that the soil at the plantation site is well-nurtured. Short rotation of planting, practiced for the clone is suitable for forest plantation and sustainable supply of raw material either for solid furniture industry or wood-based industry.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78171581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Selvanathan, N. S. Subki, Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
Dyes are used extensively in many industries making the research on color production more important. Despite that, dyes are important class of pollutant in which it is disposed in water resources and causes major environmental problems due to toxicity and carcinogenic property of dye. However, the disposed dye into the environment can be treated by several alternatives. In this study, activated carbon derived from pineapple crown, core and peel were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Laboratory prepared activated carbons were used to identify the suitability of its application to adsord methylene blue and malachite green. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived from pineapple crown shows maximum adsorption of methylene blue (38.6%) and malachite green. This study shows a benefit of transforming agriculture waste to value added product and also helps to solve over abundance pineapple waste problem.
{"title":"Dye Adsorbent by Activated Carbon","authors":"N. Selvanathan, N. S. Subki, Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.552","url":null,"abstract":"Dyes are used extensively in many industries making the research on color production more important. Despite that, dyes are important class of pollutant in which it is disposed in water resources and causes major environmental problems due to toxicity and carcinogenic property of dye. However, the disposed dye into the environment can be treated by several alternatives. In this study, activated carbon derived from pineapple crown, core and peel were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Laboratory prepared activated carbons were used to identify the suitability of its application to adsord methylene blue and malachite green. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived from pineapple crown shows maximum adsorption of methylene blue (38.6%) and malachite green. This study shows a benefit of transforming agriculture waste to value added product and also helps to solve over abundance pineapple waste problem.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Gani, M. S. Shamsuddin, W. K. Koo, M. N. Masri, Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
Pottery in Malaysia is been known for its utilized functions and unique properties. Clays as the pottery’s raw materials are a major factor that affecting the quality and reliability of some pottery products. Observations on clays’ elements and phases are very helpful for productions of the good pottery. Hence, in this review, chemical compositions of clays in terms of elements and phases structures are discussed. Basically, the most elements found in clays are Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K and Ca. Depends on location, the concentrations for those clays elements in Malaysia are at range of 24.8 – 32.4 for Si, 10.8 – 19.0 for Al, 0.09 – 2.12 for Fe, 0.08 – 1.13 for Ti and 0.45 – 3.39 for K. Several studies reported, they exist in form of oxide compound which are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5. The percentages of elements in clays do not only determine the clays characteristics, but also influence the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the end product. Increase of major element like silica arises the melting point, lowers the fluidity, and enhances the hardness and tensile strength. Meanwhile, increase alumina content enables the green body to withstand the sintering temperature and also increase the hardness of the pottery.
马来西亚的陶器以其使用功能和独特的性质而闻名。粘土作为陶器的原料，是影响某些陶器产品质量和可靠性的主要因素。对粘土的元素和物相的观察对制作优质陶器有很大的帮助。因此，本文从元素和相结构两个方面对粘土的化学组成进行了讨论。基本上，粘土中发现的最多的元素是Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K和Ca。根据位置的不同，马来西亚这些粘土元素的浓度范围为Si 24.8 - 32.4, Al 10.8 - 19.0, Fe 0.09 - 2.12, Ti 0.08 - 1.13和K 0.45 - 3.39。几项研究报道，它们以氧化物化合物的形式存在，它们是SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O和P2O5。粘土中元素的含量不仅决定了粘土的特性，而且影响着最终产品的物理、机械和化学性质。硅石等主要元素的增加提高了熔点，降低了流动性，提高了硬度和抗拉强度。同时，增加氧化铝含量，使坯体能够承受烧结温度，也提高了陶瓷的硬度。
{"title":"Chemical Composition of Clays for Pottery in Malaysia: A Review","authors":"N. A. Gani, M. S. Shamsuddin, W. K. Koo, M. N. Masri, Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.549","url":null,"abstract":"Pottery in Malaysia is been known for its utilized functions and unique properties. Clays as the pottery’s raw materials are a major factor that affecting the quality and reliability of some pottery products. Observations on clays’ elements and phases are very helpful for productions of the good pottery. Hence, in this review, chemical compositions of clays in terms of elements and phases structures are discussed. Basically, the most elements found in clays are Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K and Ca. Depends on location, the concentrations for those clays elements in Malaysia are at range of 24.8 – 32.4 for Si, 10.8 – 19.0 for Al, 0.09 – 2.12 for Fe, 0.08 – 1.13 for Ti and 0.45 – 3.39 for K. Several studies reported, they exist in form of oxide compound which are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5. The percentages of elements in clays do not only determine the clays characteristics, but also influence the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the end product. Increase of major element like silica arises the melting point, lowers the fluidity, and enhances the hardness and tensile strength. Meanwhile, increase alumina content enables the green body to withstand the sintering temperature and also increase the hardness of the pottery.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79412965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study on water quality and phytoplankton distribution was carried out at the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah in November 2013, January 2014 and March 2014. The objectives were to study the surface water quality of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment; to identify the composition of phytoplankton in three different types of land use in Sukau, Kinabatangan; and to determine spatial and temporal variations of water quality in Sukau, Kinabatangan. Three sampling stations were selected to represent different types of land use, consisting of oil palm plantation (OP), secondary forests (SF) and oxbow lake (OB). Based on Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia, the parameters were categorized within Class I to Class IV. Statistical analyses ANOVA one-way, paired sample t-test and discriminant analysis have been carried out to both water quality and total monthly precipitation data sets. The distribution of phytoplankton in Kinabatangan River consisted of 5 divisions: the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta. Chlorophyta recorded the highest diversity, with 10 species recorded out of 17 species found of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment. Discriminant analysis suggested that UV-visible absorption coefficients at 254 and 340 nm were dominant in samples from OP and SF. Temporal variations showed that parameters suspended sediment, UV-visible absorption coefficients at 254 and 340 nm were dominant in samples from collected in January 2014.
{"title":"Water Quality and Phytoplankton Distribution of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah","authors":"Sahana Harun, Norfarahin Uja, Arman Hadi Fikri","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.558","url":null,"abstract":"A study on water quality and phytoplankton distribution was carried out at the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah in November 2013, January 2014 and March 2014. The objectives were to study the surface water quality of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment; to identify the composition of phytoplankton in three different types of land use in Sukau, Kinabatangan; and to determine spatial and temporal variations of water quality in Sukau, Kinabatangan. Three sampling stations were selected to represent different types of land use, consisting of oil palm plantation (OP), secondary forests (SF) and oxbow lake (OB). Based on Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia, the parameters were categorized within Class I to Class IV. Statistical analyses ANOVA one-way, paired sample t-test and discriminant analysis have been carried out to both water quality and total monthly precipitation data sets. The distribution of phytoplankton in Kinabatangan River consisted of 5 divisions: the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta. Chlorophyta recorded the highest diversity, with 10 species recorded out of 17 species found of the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment. Discriminant analysis suggested that UV-visible absorption coefficients at 254 and 340 nm were dominant in samples from OP and SF. Temporal variations showed that parameters suspended sediment, UV-visible absorption coefficients at 254 and 340 nm were dominant in samples from collected in January 2014.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74846661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information on calorific value is very important factor in fuel evaluation. The objective of the study was to investigate the calorific values of the leaves of five (5) selected trees species of dipterocarp in Piah Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia. The species are Hopea sp., Shorea parvifolia, Shorea leprosula, Shorea macroptera and Dipterocarpus sp. The calorific values were determined using the Adiabatic Bomb Calorimeter. The difference of calorific value between the five species were also examined. It was found that, the mean calorific value for the dipterocarp species were within the range of 4041.28 Cal g-1 to 4820.78 Cal g-1. The leaves of the Shorea macroptera contain higher calorific value compared to other four species. The findings will be useful in the preparation of forest fire management plan, and also in the development of bioenergy project of wood-based biomass from forest species.
在燃料评价中，热值信息是非常重要的因素。本研究的目的是调查马来西亚霹雳州皮亚森林保护区五(5)种树的叶片热值。采用绝热弹量热计测定了其发热量，测定了不同发热量的植物种类，分别为胡柏属、细叶胡柏属、麻风胡柏属、大翅胡柏属和龙柏属。研究了五种植物的热值差异。结果表明，双翅果的平均发热量在4041.28 ~ 4820.78 Cal g-1之间。与其他四种植物相比，大翅目Shorea的叶子含有更高的热值。研究结果将有助于编制森林火灾管理计划，也有助于开发利用森林物种的木质生物质的生物能源项目。
{"title":"Calorific Value of Leaves of Selected Dipterocarp Trees Species in Piah Forest Reserve, Perak","authors":"Dayang Nur Sakinah Musa, A. Nuruddin","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.544","url":null,"abstract":"Information on calorific value is very important factor in fuel evaluation. The objective of the study was to investigate the calorific values of the leaves of five (5) selected trees species of dipterocarp in Piah Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia. The species are Hopea sp., Shorea parvifolia, Shorea leprosula, Shorea macroptera and Dipterocarpus sp. The calorific values were determined using the Adiabatic Bomb Calorimeter. The difference of calorific value between the five species were also examined. It was found that, the mean calorific value for the dipterocarp species were within the range of 4041.28 Cal g-1 to 4820.78 Cal g-1. The leaves of the Shorea macroptera contain higher calorific value compared to other four species. The findings will be useful in the preparation of forest fire management plan, and also in the development of bioenergy project of wood-based biomass from forest species.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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