Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2163259
Z. Pakulski
Abstract Cork smoker wash solids (black wax) that is obtained in the process of making corkboard by treating the ground cork with superheated steam is useless waste, generating environmental problems. On the other hand, black wax is a rich source of friedelin (1) and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one (3), pentacyclic triterpenoids belonging to the friedelane family. In the present work, a simple, fast, and efficient procedure for the extraction of highly purified friedelin and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one from black wax is presented. Extraction of black wax with hexane or acetone afforded a mixture of friedelin and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one. However, chromatographic separation of 1 and 3, due to their very similar Rf coefficients, is difficult, especially on a multigram scale. Therefore, the conversion of 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one to an acetyl derivative 4 was proposed by acetylation of the above mixture. Appropriate selection of the eluent sequence allows for rapid and efficient separation of the resulting mixture of 1 and 4.
{"title":"Isolation of high-purity friedelin and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one from cork smoker wash solids","authors":"Z. Pakulski","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2163259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2163259","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cork smoker wash solids (black wax) that is obtained in the process of making corkboard by treating the ground cork with superheated steam is useless waste, generating environmental problems. On the other hand, black wax is a rich source of friedelin (1) and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one (3), pentacyclic triterpenoids belonging to the friedelane family. In the present work, a simple, fast, and efficient procedure for the extraction of highly purified friedelin and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one from black wax is presented. Extraction of black wax with hexane or acetone afforded a mixture of friedelin and 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one. However, chromatographic separation of 1 and 3, due to their very similar Rf coefficients, is difficult, especially on a multigram scale. Therefore, the conversion of 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one to an acetyl derivative 4 was proposed by acetylation of the above mixture. Appropriate selection of the eluent sequence allows for rapid and efficient separation of the resulting mixture of 1 and 4.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"28 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42434358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2152049
E. Halmemies, H. Brännström, M. Karjalainen, J. Nurmi, R. Alén
Abstract Stumps and knotwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are valuable sources of wood extractives. Although lignans from knotwood have already been utilized in value-added products, the behavior and valorization of stump-derived extractives are less studied. In this study, the composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives, particularly lignans, from various spruce stump samples (stump bottom, stump heart, and crushed stump samples) stored outside were studied. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts were separated with an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) apparatus using n-hexane and hot water, respectively. The detailed extractives content of samples was then determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and a mass detector (GC-FID/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In stump bottom samples, an apparent decrease in total dissolved solids was observed in all the major extractives groups during storage: lignans, sugars, stilbene–glucosides, organic acids, resin acids, fatty acids, diterpenoids, and sterols. While a definitive decrease in extractives could not be demonstrated due to the moderately high variation of extractives among different samples, a good indication of the accessibility of important extractives in weathered stumps was obtained. Of the identified hydrophilic extractives, 79% were lignans, 53% of them being composed of 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR), 16% conidendric acid, and 12% todolactol. After 12 weeks of storage, the total amount of lignans was 15.3 mg/g of dry matter in stump bottom, 17.0 mg/g of dry matter in stump heart samples, and 10.2 mg/g of dry matter in crushed stump samples.
{"title":"Availability of extractives from various Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps assortments","authors":"E. Halmemies, H. Brännström, M. Karjalainen, J. Nurmi, R. Alén","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2152049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2152049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stumps and knotwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are valuable sources of wood extractives. Although lignans from knotwood have already been utilized in value-added products, the behavior and valorization of stump-derived extractives are less studied. In this study, the composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives, particularly lignans, from various spruce stump samples (stump bottom, stump heart, and crushed stump samples) stored outside were studied. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts were separated with an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) apparatus using n-hexane and hot water, respectively. The detailed extractives content of samples was then determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and a mass detector (GC-FID/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In stump bottom samples, an apparent decrease in total dissolved solids was observed in all the major extractives groups during storage: lignans, sugars, stilbene–glucosides, organic acids, resin acids, fatty acids, diterpenoids, and sterols. While a definitive decrease in extractives could not be demonstrated due to the moderately high variation of extractives among different samples, a good indication of the accessibility of important extractives in weathered stumps was obtained. Of the identified hydrophilic extractives, 79% were lignans, 53% of them being composed of 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR), 16% conidendric acid, and 12% todolactol. After 12 weeks of storage, the total amount of lignans was 15.3 mg/g of dry matter in stump bottom, 17.0 mg/g of dry matter in stump heart samples, and 10.2 mg/g of dry matter in crushed stump samples.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"13 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2145312
Naveen Kumar, Mahak Mittal, A. Yadav, D. Saini, N. Aggarwal
Abstract The biomass of the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus is abundant and wasteful in India. This study aimed to investigate the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus for reducing sugar production. Therefore, several pretreatment methods, physical (Steam and Microwave), and chemical (alkalis and acids) were investigated to determine the statistically best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that alkali pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, 1.0% w/v) had the greatest impact on the production of reducing sugar (110.36 ± 0.05 mg/g substrate) from P. hysterophorus. The decrease in the lignin content and increase in carbohydrates from pretreated biomass was further validated using an ultrastructural technique (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction). The quantity of reducing sugars released was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the experimental results with optimized process variables gave 385.44 mg/g substrate reducing sugar. The investigations showed that P. hysterophorus can be utilized as a promising and low-cost biomass source for commercial ethanol production. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Statistical optimization of enzymatic saccharification of sodium hydroxide pretreated parthenium hysterophorus biomass using response surface methodology","authors":"Naveen Kumar, Mahak Mittal, A. Yadav, D. Saini, N. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2145312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2145312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biomass of the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus is abundant and wasteful in India. This study aimed to investigate the lignocellulosic weed P. hysterophorus for reducing sugar production. Therefore, several pretreatment methods, physical (Steam and Microwave), and chemical (alkalis and acids) were investigated to determine the statistically best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that alkali pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, 1.0% w/v) had the greatest impact on the production of reducing sugar (110.36 ± 0.05 mg/g substrate) from P. hysterophorus. The decrease in the lignin content and increase in carbohydrates from pretreated biomass was further validated using an ultrastructural technique (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction). The quantity of reducing sugars released was optimized using a response surface methodology, and the experimental results with optimized process variables gave 385.44 mg/g substrate reducing sugar. The investigations showed that P. hysterophorus can be utilized as a promising and low-cost biomass source for commercial ethanol production. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a difficult tumor to diagnose and treat. To date, PDAC lacks routine screening with no markers available for early detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes are released by all cell types into circulation and thus can be harvested from patient body fluids, thereby facilitating a non-invasive method for PDAC detection. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available miRNA pancreatic cancer expression and genome databases. Through this analysis, we identified 18 miRNA with strong potential for PDAC detection. From this analysis, 10 (MIR31, MIR93, MIR133A1, MIR210, MIR330, MIR339, MIR425, MIR429, MIR1208, and MIR3620) were chosen due to high copy number variation as well as their potential to differentiate patients with chronic pancreatitis, neoplasms, and PDAC. These 10 were examined for their mature miRNA expression patterns, giving rise to 18 mature miRs for further analysis. Exosomal RNA from cell culture media was analyzed via RTqPCR and seven mature miRs exhibited statistical significance (miR-31-5p, miR-31-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-425-3p, and miR-429). These identified biomarkers can potentially be used for early detection of PDAC.
{"title":"An Exosomal miRNA Biomarker for the Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Amy Makler, Ramaswamy Narayanan, Waseem Asghar","doi":"10.3390/bios12100831","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios12100831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a difficult tumor to diagnose and treat. To date, PDAC lacks routine screening with no markers available for early detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes are released by all cell types into circulation and thus can be harvested from patient body fluids, thereby facilitating a non-invasive method for PDAC detection. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available miRNA pancreatic cancer expression and genome databases. Through this analysis, we identified 18 miRNA with strong potential for PDAC detection. From this analysis, 10 (MIR31, MIR93, MIR133A1, MIR210, MIR330, MIR339, MIR425, MIR429, MIR1208, and MIR3620) were chosen due to high copy number variation as well as their potential to differentiate patients with chronic pancreatitis, neoplasms, and PDAC. These 10 were examined for their mature miRNA expression patterns, giving rise to 18 mature miRs for further analysis. Exosomal RNA from cell culture media was analyzed via RTqPCR and seven mature miRs exhibited statistical significance (miR-31-5p, miR-31-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-425-3p, and miR-429). These identified biomarkers can potentially be used for early detection of PDAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9599289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81492537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2123520
V. Vek, I. Poljanšek, R. Cerc Korošec, M. Humar, P. Oven
Abstract The main goal of the investigation was to measure and estimate the thermal stability of pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, robinetin, and dihydrorobinetin, i.e., characteristic compounds of wood of Scots pine and black locust, respectively. The pure compounds were analyzed with chromatography before and after they were steam-sterilized and oven-dried. Detailed thermogravimetric analysis was followed to check the thermal decomposition of the stilbenes and flavonoids of wood. The tested phenolic compounds were susceptible to thermal degradation. After the steam-sterilization and oven drying, the amount of investigated phenolic extractives decreased by more than a half. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that stilbenes decompose differently than flavonoids, which can be attributed to the different chemical structures. Twenty minutes of steam sterilization followed by 24 h of oven drying decreased the amount of phenolic compounds in the vials; however, after the applied thermal treatments, the stilbenes and robinetins stayed available in such quantities that they can still provide sufficient bioactivity.
{"title":"Impact of steam-sterilization and oven drying on the thermal stability of phenolic extractives from pine and black locust wood","authors":"V. Vek, I. Poljanšek, R. Cerc Korošec, M. Humar, P. Oven","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2123520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2123520","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main goal of the investigation was to measure and estimate the thermal stability of pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, robinetin, and dihydrorobinetin, i.e., characteristic compounds of wood of Scots pine and black locust, respectively. The pure compounds were analyzed with chromatography before and after they were steam-sterilized and oven-dried. Detailed thermogravimetric analysis was followed to check the thermal decomposition of the stilbenes and flavonoids of wood. The tested phenolic compounds were susceptible to thermal degradation. After the steam-sterilization and oven drying, the amount of investigated phenolic extractives decreased by more than a half. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that stilbenes decompose differently than flavonoids, which can be attributed to the different chemical structures. Twenty minutes of steam sterilization followed by 24 h of oven drying decreased the amount of phenolic compounds in the vials; however, after the applied thermal treatments, the stilbenes and robinetins stayed available in such quantities that they can still provide sufficient bioactivity.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"467 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2120898
Liangliang An, Jiansong Chen, Jihun Heo, J. W. Kim, Hyung Mo Jeong, Duck Hyun Youn, Yong Sik Kim
Abstract Multifunctional modification is a feasible means of improving the high value-added application of lignin. In this study, a novel pH-responsive lignin was synthesized via a green and efficient ultraviolet-induced thiol-yne reaction. Chemical structure analyses confirmed that the thiol-yne reaction was successful, and that the tertiary amino groups were attached to the lignin macromolecules. The weight-average molecular weight of the modified lignin increased to 13600 mol/g compared to kraft lignin at 8700 mol/g. The nitrogen and sulfur contents of the grafted chains were 2.86% and 4.36%, respectively. Additionally, the introduced tertiary amino groups induced the pH-responsive behavior of the modified lignin. To fully utilize the modified lignin, it was used to make hydrogels that exhibited varying swelling ratios at different pH values. Therefore, the pH-responsive lignin produced in this study exhibits excellent potential for high value-added applications.
{"title":"Preparation of pH-responsive lignin via a thiol-yne reaction and its application in hydrogel","authors":"Liangliang An, Jiansong Chen, Jihun Heo, J. W. Kim, Hyung Mo Jeong, Duck Hyun Youn, Yong Sik Kim","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2120898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2120898","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multifunctional modification is a feasible means of improving the high value-added application of lignin. In this study, a novel pH-responsive lignin was synthesized via a green and efficient ultraviolet-induced thiol-yne reaction. Chemical structure analyses confirmed that the thiol-yne reaction was successful, and that the tertiary amino groups were attached to the lignin macromolecules. The weight-average molecular weight of the modified lignin increased to 13600 mol/g compared to kraft lignin at 8700 mol/g. The nitrogen and sulfur contents of the grafted chains were 2.86% and 4.36%, respectively. Additionally, the introduced tertiary amino groups induced the pH-responsive behavior of the modified lignin. To fully utilize the modified lignin, it was used to make hydrogels that exhibited varying swelling ratios at different pH values. Therefore, the pH-responsive lignin produced in this study exhibits excellent potential for high value-added applications.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"445 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47724535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2123518
Rui Wen, Shiyu Fu
Abstract Soda lignin or lignosulfonate from paper mills are often directly applied as surfactant for cement dispersion due to the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in lignin. They are also applied to Pickering emulsion, but the efficiency is not so good. In this work, we modified lignin by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGME), and then the modified-lignin self-assembled into microspheres that was applied to a lignin-based Pickering emulsion with temperature responsiveness. The particle size of modified-lignin microspheres changed with temperature due to the thermoresponsiveness of the grafted polymer, which also subsequently affect the radius of emulsion droplets. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the modified lignin is 50 °C. When temperature changed from 25 °C to 70 °C, the average particle size of lignin microspheres decreased from 159 nm to 141 nm. Further rising temperature caused the lignin microspheres to agglomerate and to break the Pickering emulsion. The prepared Pickering emulsion is good for drug agent loading and stably-releasing. It is found that the cumulative drug release changed from 43.77% to over 80% after 14 hours at 25 °C and over 50 °C. The lignin-based Pickering emulsion have good thermal cycling stability and ionic resistance, which may offer a potential for the drug release.
{"title":"Preparation of thermal-responsive Pickering emulsion by ATRP modified lignin microspheres","authors":"Rui Wen, Shiyu Fu","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2123518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2123518","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soda lignin or lignosulfonate from paper mills are often directly applied as surfactant for cement dispersion due to the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in lignin. They are also applied to Pickering emulsion, but the efficiency is not so good. In this work, we modified lignin by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGME), and then the modified-lignin self-assembled into microspheres that was applied to a lignin-based Pickering emulsion with temperature responsiveness. The particle size of modified-lignin microspheres changed with temperature due to the thermoresponsiveness of the grafted polymer, which also subsequently affect the radius of emulsion droplets. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the modified lignin is 50 °C. When temperature changed from 25 °C to 70 °C, the average particle size of lignin microspheres decreased from 159 nm to 141 nm. Further rising temperature caused the lignin microspheres to agglomerate and to break the Pickering emulsion. The prepared Pickering emulsion is good for drug agent loading and stably-releasing. It is found that the cumulative drug release changed from 43.77% to over 80% after 14 hours at 25 °C and over 50 °C. The lignin-based Pickering emulsion have good thermal cycling stability and ionic resistance, which may offer a potential for the drug release.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"456 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46643299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2115073
Andriambelo Radonirina Razafimahatratra, T. Ramananantoandro, Sophie Nourrissier-Mountou, Chrissy Garel Makouanzi Ekomono, J. Rodrigues, Zo Elia Mevanarivo, G. Chaix
Abstract Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) is often used to perform high throughput phenotyping on thousands of genotypes using prediction models with high variability. A study was therefore undertaken to analyze the potential of multispecies, multisite and multi-age NIR calibration models of seven chemical properties of eucalyptus wood. The models are based on 358 samples selected among more than 5000 samples that belong to five eucalypt species including hybrids. The samples were collected from trees aged 2-35 originating from four different countries. Spectra were measured on non-extracted wood powders using an FT-NIR spectrometer. Models were established in the spectral range of 9090-4040 cm−1 using the PLS regression method, tested by repeated cross-validation and validated on independent test sets. The results showed that the robust models for total extractives (R2 P = 0.91, RMSEP = 1.20%, RPD = 3.3) and KL (R2 P = 0.89, RMSEP = 1.21%, RPD = 3.0) provided good predictions. These two properties were the best predicted, followed by the S/G ratio (R2 P = 0.84, RMSEP = 0.19, RPD = 2.5) and ASL content (R2 P = 0.81, RMSEP of 0.54, RPD = 2.3). For holocellulose, alphacellulose, and hemicelluloses contents, the models provided approximate predictions. The prediction errors were always less than twice of the laboratory errors except for ASL and S/G ratio. For total extractives and ASL, β-coefficients of models were of approximately the same magnitude throughout the 9000-4000 cm−1 region while for the five other properties, they were higher in the 7500-4000 cm−1 region. Models were also established in narrower NIR regions, and the quality of models obtained was about the same as that of the models based in the 9090-4000 cm−1 wide range. These established robust models can be used to make predictions based on samples of high variability.
{"title":"Multispecies, multisite, multi-age PLS regression models of chemical properties of eucalypts wood using Fourier Transformed near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy","authors":"Andriambelo Radonirina Razafimahatratra, T. Ramananantoandro, Sophie Nourrissier-Mountou, Chrissy Garel Makouanzi Ekomono, J. Rodrigues, Zo Elia Mevanarivo, G. Chaix","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2115073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2115073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) is often used to perform high throughput phenotyping on thousands of genotypes using prediction models with high variability. A study was therefore undertaken to analyze the potential of multispecies, multisite and multi-age NIR calibration models of seven chemical properties of eucalyptus wood. The models are based on 358 samples selected among more than 5000 samples that belong to five eucalypt species including hybrids. The samples were collected from trees aged 2-35 originating from four different countries. Spectra were measured on non-extracted wood powders using an FT-NIR spectrometer. Models were established in the spectral range of 9090-4040 cm−1 using the PLS regression method, tested by repeated cross-validation and validated on independent test sets. The results showed that the robust models for total extractives (R2 P = 0.91, RMSEP = 1.20%, RPD = 3.3) and KL (R2 P = 0.89, RMSEP = 1.21%, RPD = 3.0) provided good predictions. These two properties were the best predicted, followed by the S/G ratio (R2 P = 0.84, RMSEP = 0.19, RPD = 2.5) and ASL content (R2 P = 0.81, RMSEP of 0.54, RPD = 2.3). For holocellulose, alphacellulose, and hemicelluloses contents, the models provided approximate predictions. The prediction errors were always less than twice of the laboratory errors except for ASL and S/G ratio. For total extractives and ASL, β-coefficients of models were of approximately the same magnitude throughout the 9000-4000 cm−1 region while for the five other properties, they were higher in the 7500-4000 cm−1 region. Models were also established in narrower NIR regions, and the quality of models obtained was about the same as that of the models based in the 9090-4000 cm−1 wide range. These established robust models can be used to make predictions based on samples of high variability.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"419 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44730208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2113538
A. Laksono, L. Ernawati, R. Abdullah, S. Hardianti, T. Agustina, M. P. D. Lubis, I. Wardhani, N. Hassan
Abstract Renewable natural-based composite materials, including wood fibers and plants, represent emerging research interests that continue to be developed today. Among the 120 types of Indonesian wood traded, Sengon, Keruing, and Yellow Meranti are most widely used in the wood industry. The processing of wood produces end waste products, for example sawdust, which have the potential to be used as reinforcements or fillers in Polymer Wood Composite materials. In this study, composites were made using unsaturated polyester matrices and sawdust. The sawdust was alkalinized with a 5% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution and confirmed with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR). Tests on mechanical properties included tensile and bending tests, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the fracture surface of the tensile test results. The composites produced from the three types of wood exhibited a significant increase in mechanical properties compared to pure wood.
{"title":"Physical and mechanical characteristics of composite woods fiber-based polyester binders","authors":"A. Laksono, L. Ernawati, R. Abdullah, S. Hardianti, T. Agustina, M. P. D. Lubis, I. Wardhani, N. Hassan","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2113538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2113538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Renewable natural-based composite materials, including wood fibers and plants, represent emerging research interests that continue to be developed today. Among the 120 types of Indonesian wood traded, Sengon, Keruing, and Yellow Meranti are most widely used in the wood industry. The processing of wood produces end waste products, for example sawdust, which have the potential to be used as reinforcements or fillers in Polymer Wood Composite materials. In this study, composites were made using unsaturated polyester matrices and sawdust. The sawdust was alkalinized with a 5% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution and confirmed with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR). Tests on mechanical properties included tensile and bending tests, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the fracture surface of the tensile test results. The composites produced from the three types of wood exhibited a significant increase in mechanical properties compared to pure wood.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"371 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44361948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2115074
Azadeh Nikkhah Shahmirzadi, S. Kazemi Najafi, Habibollah Younesi
Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the properties of hybrid biochar produced from date palm (D) and pistachio (P) residues and their co-pyrolysis at mixing ratios of 60:40 (by weight). Biochars were produced at 500 °C through pyrolysis in a tube furnace and subsequently characterized. Results indicated that pistachio biochar (PBC) had a high carbon content (81.02 wt%) and a low oxygen content (17.57 wt%). Conversely, the date palm biochar (DBC) had a high ash content (28.11 wt%) and a low carbon content (40.08 wt%). Blending D and P at the specified ratios improved the biochar samples’ gross and elemental contents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized to determine the morphology and structure of the produced biochar.
{"title":"Potential assessment of hybrid biochar from the date palm and pistachio residues","authors":"Azadeh Nikkhah Shahmirzadi, S. Kazemi Najafi, Habibollah Younesi","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2115074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2115074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the properties of hybrid biochar produced from date palm (D) and pistachio (P) residues and their co-pyrolysis at mixing ratios of 60:40 (by weight). Biochars were produced at 500 °C through pyrolysis in a tube furnace and subsequently characterized. Results indicated that pistachio biochar (PBC) had a high carbon content (81.02 wt%) and a low oxygen content (17.57 wt%). Conversely, the date palm biochar (DBC) had a high ash content (28.11 wt%) and a low carbon content (40.08 wt%). Blending D and P at the specified ratios improved the biochar samples’ gross and elemental contents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized to determine the morphology and structure of the produced biochar.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"435 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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