Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2113539
A. Jamali, P. Evans
Abstract High-energy radiation preferentially degrades cellulose and enriches lignin content at wood surfaces particularly in hardwoods. Accordingly, we hypothesize that a similar effect will occur at surfaces exposed to plasma. We test this hypothesis by plasma-treating pine and poplar veneers and assessing changes in the lignin and holocellulose-derived sugar-content of veneers; quantifying etching of pellets containing lignin and cellulose, and observing etching of different cell wall layers in pine and Homalium. The majority but not all of our results support our hypothesis. Lignin-rich regions of wood cell walls were easier to see after plasma treatment. We discuss the potential uses of plasma-etching for the study of wood ultrastructure and the creation of wood surfaces with self-bonding properties, and conclude that plasma-etching can be used as an alternative to chemical pretreatments for ultrastructural studies of the distribution of lignin in wood cell walls.
{"title":"Chemical and morphological modification of softwood and hardwood surfaces by an oxygen glow discharge plasma","authors":"A. Jamali, P. Evans","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2113539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2113539","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-energy radiation preferentially degrades cellulose and enriches lignin content at wood surfaces particularly in hardwoods. Accordingly, we hypothesize that a similar effect will occur at surfaces exposed to plasma. We test this hypothesis by plasma-treating pine and poplar veneers and assessing changes in the lignin and holocellulose-derived sugar-content of veneers; quantifying etching of pellets containing lignin and cellulose, and observing etching of different cell wall layers in pine and Homalium. The majority but not all of our results support our hypothesis. Lignin-rich regions of wood cell walls were easier to see after plasma treatment. We discuss the potential uses of plasma-etching for the study of wood ultrastructure and the creation of wood surfaces with self-bonding properties, and conclude that plasma-etching can be used as an alternative to chemical pretreatments for ultrastructural studies of the distribution of lignin in wood cell walls.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"381 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To explore the typical alkyltrichlorosilane and optimal volume ratio of the alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions for preparing superhydrophobic Pinus kesiya wood, four alkyltrichlorosilanes: methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), butyltrichlorosilane (BTCS), dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTCS), and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTCS) were each used to modify the wood samples at different volume ratios of alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions. The Pinus kesiya wood specimens were immersed in the solutions to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on the wood surface. The wettability of the modified wood surfaces was characterized by water contact angle and water uptake values. The chemical composition of the wood samples was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and the surface morphology of the modified wood samples was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that all types of alkyltrichlorosilane-modified wood changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The wood specimens had the highest water contact angle of 151.8 ± 0.4° and lowest water uptake of 18 ± 0.6 wt.% when 0.25 vol.% MTCS and 0.25 vol.% OTCS solutions were applied, respectively.
{"title":"Preparation of superhydrophobic coatings with alkyltrichlorosilanes for Pinus kesiya wood","authors":"Yulan Jian, Shaowei Lu, Wei-Che Tang, Mingjun Shao, Fuhua San, Hui Wan, Linkun Xie","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2114498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2114498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To explore the typical alkyltrichlorosilane and optimal volume ratio of the alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions for preparing superhydrophobic Pinus kesiya wood, four alkyltrichlorosilanes: methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), butyltrichlorosilane (BTCS), dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTCS), and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTCS) were each used to modify the wood samples at different volume ratios of alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions. The Pinus kesiya wood specimens were immersed in the solutions to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on the wood surface. The wettability of the modified wood surfaces was characterized by water contact angle and water uptake values. The chemical composition of the wood samples was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and the surface morphology of the modified wood samples was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that all types of alkyltrichlorosilane-modified wood changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The wood specimens had the highest water contact angle of 151.8 ± 0.4° and lowest water uptake of 18 ± 0.6 wt.% when 0.25 vol.% MTCS and 0.25 vol.% OTCS solutions were applied, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"409 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44667147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2114497
Allan Ewerton Rezende Euflosino, J. Paes, Arlon Bastos da Rosa, Marina Donária Chaves Arantes, F. G. Gonçalves, Alexandre Florian da Costa, Fernanda Dalfiôr Maffioletti
Abstract After its useful life, treated wood residues can be toxic, and its disposal, often incorrect, and several countries have researched measures to reuse or recycle it. This study evaluated the potential for pre-extraction of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) treated wood for combustion, either direct landfilling or agricultural use (organic compost or biochar). Treated wood residues were transformed into 0.5 × 3 × 3 cm chips (tangential × radial × longitudinal). A portion of these were crushed in a Wiley mill and the other, charred. Charcoal, charring by-products, and sawdust were evaluated for the amount of CCA-C present in them. Sawdust and crushed charcoal were extracted by 0.1 mol L−1 sulfuric and acetic acid, and sodium and potassium hydroxide solutions for two, four, or six hours. The material was, then, washed and the amount of CCA-C analyzed. Sulfuric acid extraction for six-hour obtained the best results. The methodology used extracted more preservative from wood than charcoal and part of the oxides were released into the atmosphere during the carbonization of treated wood, since the wood tar obtained CCA-C. The results obtained for both wood and charcoal were insufficient to render the residues safe, after removing the CCA-C components. After extraction, we considered the resultant wood and charcoal effluents hazardous, demanding greater attention in their disposal.
{"title":"Chemical analysis of CCA-C treated wood residues, charcoal and wood tar","authors":"Allan Ewerton Rezende Euflosino, J. Paes, Arlon Bastos da Rosa, Marina Donária Chaves Arantes, F. G. Gonçalves, Alexandre Florian da Costa, Fernanda Dalfiôr Maffioletti","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2114497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2114497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After its useful life, treated wood residues can be toxic, and its disposal, often incorrect, and several countries have researched measures to reuse or recycle it. This study evaluated the potential for pre-extraction of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) treated wood for combustion, either direct landfilling or agricultural use (organic compost or biochar). Treated wood residues were transformed into 0.5 × 3 × 3 cm chips (tangential × radial × longitudinal). A portion of these were crushed in a Wiley mill and the other, charred. Charcoal, charring by-products, and sawdust were evaluated for the amount of CCA-C present in them. Sawdust and crushed charcoal were extracted by 0.1 mol L−1 sulfuric and acetic acid, and sodium and potassium hydroxide solutions for two, four, or six hours. The material was, then, washed and the amount of CCA-C analyzed. Sulfuric acid extraction for six-hour obtained the best results. The methodology used extracted more preservative from wood than charcoal and part of the oxides were released into the atmosphere during the carbonization of treated wood, since the wood tar obtained CCA-C. The results obtained for both wood and charcoal were insufficient to render the residues safe, after removing the CCA-C components. After extraction, we considered the resultant wood and charcoal effluents hazardous, demanding greater attention in their disposal.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"395 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2096636
T. Komatsu, T. Yokoyama
Abstract Condensation of lignin is believed to interfere with delignification in alkaline pulping processes. The lack of clear evidence motivated us to quantitatively revisit it. This article evaluates the self-condensation of 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol (vanillyl alcohol, Va) in the simplest model system using Va and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol, Cr) under the same soda cooking conditions employed in our previous paper. Dimeric and trimeric self-condensation products of Va consisting of the α-5 bond (VaVa, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyphenol), α-1 bond (VaVa’, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methane), and α-5 & α-1 bonds (VaVaVa’, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-6-methoxyphenol) were identified and quantified. The formation rate of VaVa from Va was suggested to be about twice of that of VaVa’, and to be similar to that of the condensation product between the α-carbon of Va and the aromatic C5-carbon of Cr (VaCr), which was identified in the first paper. Among all these detected condensation products, only VaVa that can be converted to the corresponding quinone methide (QM) readily underwent further condensation to be VaVaVa’ and others. Only the monomers (Va and Cr) possessing the small steric factors condense with electrophilic QM’s as nucleophiles. These results suggest that condensation of lignin in actual soda cooking processes, with steric factors much larger than the model system, progresses much less frequently than generally believed.
{"title":"Revisiting the condensation reaction of lignin in alkaline pulping with quantitativity. Part 2: evaluation of self-condensation of vanillyl alcohol compared with its condensation with creosol under soda cooking conditions","authors":"T. Komatsu, T. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2096636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2096636","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Condensation of lignin is believed to interfere with delignification in alkaline pulping processes. The lack of clear evidence motivated us to quantitatively revisit it. This article evaluates the self-condensation of 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol (vanillyl alcohol, Va) in the simplest model system using Va and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol, Cr) under the same soda cooking conditions employed in our previous paper. Dimeric and trimeric self-condensation products of Va consisting of the α-5 bond (VaVa, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyphenol), α-1 bond (VaVa’, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methane), and α-5 & α-1 bonds (VaVaVa’, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-6-methoxyphenol) were identified and quantified. The formation rate of VaVa from Va was suggested to be about twice of that of VaVa’, and to be similar to that of the condensation product between the α-carbon of Va and the aromatic C5-carbon of Cr (VaCr), which was identified in the first paper. Among all these detected condensation products, only VaVa that can be converted to the corresponding quinone methide (QM) readily underwent further condensation to be VaVaVa’ and others. Only the monomers (Va and Cr) possessing the small steric factors condense with electrophilic QM’s as nucleophiles. These results suggest that condensation of lignin in actual soda cooking processes, with steric factors much larger than the model system, progresses much less frequently than generally believed.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"361 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2085749
Cong Zhang, Tao Lin, X. Yin, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaoyao Wei
Abstract In this study, the biomass carbon dots (CQDs) with blue and yellow fluorescent colors was prepared by citric acid and urea, and two complementary fluorescent molecules, blue and yellow, were used as the donor-acceptor composite system of white fluorescent emission. Transparent wood-based composites which can emit white fluorescence under the excitation of near ultraviolet light were obtained by encapsulating blue and yellow carbon dots in transparent wood. There is no excessive energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor in this material, and the fluorescence intensity can still be kept at 87.7% or above after 7 days of ultraviolet irradiation, and this material has high mechanical strength and good flexibility. These conclusions confirm that the quantum dot/transparent wood-based composite material prepared in this experiment is a promising encapsulating material for white-light emitting diode (W-LED), which has potential application value in the fields of lighting, monitor, intelligent devices and so on.
{"title":"Preparation of transparent wood containing carbon dots for application in the field of white-LED","authors":"Cong Zhang, Tao Lin, X. Yin, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaoyao Wei","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2085749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2085749","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the biomass carbon dots (CQDs) with blue and yellow fluorescent colors was prepared by citric acid and urea, and two complementary fluorescent molecules, blue and yellow, were used as the donor-acceptor composite system of white fluorescent emission. Transparent wood-based composites which can emit white fluorescence under the excitation of near ultraviolet light were obtained by encapsulating blue and yellow carbon dots in transparent wood. There is no excessive energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor in this material, and the fluorescence intensity can still be kept at 87.7% or above after 7 days of ultraviolet irradiation, and this material has high mechanical strength and good flexibility. These conclusions confirm that the quantum dot/transparent wood-based composite material prepared in this experiment is a promising encapsulating material for white-light emitting diode (W-LED), which has potential application value in the fields of lighting, monitor, intelligent devices and so on.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"331 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48720402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2096072
R. Simões, A. Alves, P. Pathauer, D. A. Palazzini, S. N. Marcuci-Poltri, J. Rodrigues
Abstract Eucalyptus globulus is an important pulpwood source due to favorable wood characteristics, including low extractive content. However, there is significant tree-to-tree variation that can be exploited in breeding. This requires screening a large number of samples, which NIR and PLS-R make possible. Models are typically developed for a specific set of samples prepared in the same way. The question is: how well these models predict samples that are different from the ones used in the model. Models developed to determine the extractive content of Eucalyptus globulus wood from Australia were used to E. globulus wood from Argentina, which differed in age and sample preparation. The main difference between spectra of the two origins was in the OH combination band, despite the fact that samples were dried identically. Due to this difference, models that included the O-H band assigned above 73% of the spectra as outliers regardless of preprocessing, whereas models that did not include the O-H band assigned fewer spectra as outliers. The differences in the OH band were attributed primarily to differences in particle size and extractive content, rather than to differences in humidity content. However, all models predict similar results for all samples, including outliers.
{"title":"Prediction of the extractives content of Eucalyptus globulus wood using NIR-based PLS-R models. Influence of spectral range and preprocessing on the percentage of outliers detected","authors":"R. Simões, A. Alves, P. Pathauer, D. A. Palazzini, S. N. Marcuci-Poltri, J. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2096072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2096072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eucalyptus globulus is an important pulpwood source due to favorable wood characteristics, including low extractive content. However, there is significant tree-to-tree variation that can be exploited in breeding. This requires screening a large number of samples, which NIR and PLS-R make possible. Models are typically developed for a specific set of samples prepared in the same way. The question is: how well these models predict samples that are different from the ones used in the model. Models developed to determine the extractive content of Eucalyptus globulus wood from Australia were used to E. globulus wood from Argentina, which differed in age and sample preparation. The main difference between spectra of the two origins was in the OH combination band, despite the fact that samples were dried identically. Due to this difference, models that included the O-H band assigned above 73% of the spectra as outliers regardless of preprocessing, whereas models that did not include the O-H band assigned fewer spectra as outliers. The differences in the OH band were attributed primarily to differences in particle size and extractive content, rather than to differences in humidity content. However, all models predict similar results for all samples, including outliers.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"352 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2095404
Lu Zhang, Xiaojun Yang, Zehua Chen, Haoran Dong, Y. Tan, Xinchun Bai
Abstract In order to develop a new wood product suitable for outdoor applications, a high melting point polyethylene wax was used for high-pressure impregnation treatment of wood. Properties of impregnated wood were studied. Wax in molten state was stable with low viscosity, good fluidity, and easily penetrate into the wood under high pressure. Full-cell process included vacuum (-0.06 MPa for 30 min), high-pressure impregnation (0.75 MPa for 3 h) and pressure release (30 min). Wax contents of treated lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna) were 0.205 g/cm3 and 0.321 g/cm3, respectively. Cell gaps and cell cavities of wood were filled with polyethylene wax. Nanoindentation tests showed that longitudinal mechanical properties of wood cell walls were weakened after impregnation. After a 3 h high-pressure impregnation, hardness of lodgepole pine wood cell walls was reduced by 35.1%, and the modulus of elasticity was reduced by 4.9%. Treated wood had a much lower water absorption and swelling rate than untreated wood, its weathering resistance as well as insect resistance were better.
摘要为了开发一种适合户外使用的新型木材产品，采用高熔点聚乙烯蜡对木材进行高压浸渍处理。研究了浸渍木材的性能。熔融态蜡稳定，粘度低，流动性好，在高压下容易渗透到木材中。全槽工艺包括真空(-0.06 MPa 30 min)、高压浸渍(0.75 MPa 3 h)和压力释放(30 min)。处理过的黑松(Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon.)和桉树(eucalyptus saligna)蜡含量分别为0.205 g/cm3和0.321 g/cm3。用聚乙烯蜡填充木材的细胞间隙和细胞腔。纳米压痕试验表明，浸渍后木材细胞壁的纵向力学性能减弱。高压浸渍3 h后，松材细胞壁硬度降低35.1%，弹性模量降低4.9%。处理后的木材吸水率和溶胀率明显低于未经处理的木材，其耐候性和抗虫性都较好。
{"title":"Properties and durability of wood impregnated with high melting point polyethylene wax for outdoor use","authors":"Lu Zhang, Xiaojun Yang, Zehua Chen, Haoran Dong, Y. Tan, Xinchun Bai","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2095404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2095404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to develop a new wood product suitable for outdoor applications, a high melting point polyethylene wax was used for high-pressure impregnation treatment of wood. Properties of impregnated wood were studied. Wax in molten state was stable with low viscosity, good fluidity, and easily penetrate into the wood under high pressure. Full-cell process included vacuum (-0.06 MPa for 30 min), high-pressure impregnation (0.75 MPa for 3 h) and pressure release (30 min). Wax contents of treated lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna) were 0.205 g/cm3 and 0.321 g/cm3, respectively. Cell gaps and cell cavities of wood were filled with polyethylene wax. Nanoindentation tests showed that longitudinal mechanical properties of wood cell walls were weakened after impregnation. After a 3 h high-pressure impregnation, hardness of lodgepole pine wood cell walls was reduced by 35.1%, and the modulus of elasticity was reduced by 4.9%. Treated wood had a much lower water absorption and swelling rate than untreated wood, its weathering resistance as well as insect resistance were better.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"342 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2088793
N. Brar, W. Grigsby, S. Hill, L. Raymond, C. C. Weber
Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are being increasingly explored as extraction solvents due to their tunable properties, which can control their ability to dissolve an array of solutes. IL selection requires an in-depth understanding of the consequences of IL structure on extraction outcomes for different substrates. Here, 14 ILs containing cations and anions that have been systematically modified to examine key structural effects have been explored for the extraction of chemical components from Pinus radiata bark. The extraction efficiency relative to the mass of bark ranged from 4 to 70%, and the isolation of bark components was evaluated using antisolvent addition. Extraction outcomes highlighted the importance of the IL anion in affecting extraction efficiency and selectivity, with a secondary role from the IL cation, and point toward a simple route for improving the overall selectivity of biomass extractions through control of the antisolvent addition process.
{"title":"Understanding the effects of ionic liquids and antisolvent addition on the extraction and recovery of Pinus radiata bark components","authors":"N. Brar, W. Grigsby, S. Hill, L. Raymond, C. C. Weber","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2088793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2088793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are being increasingly explored as extraction solvents due to their tunable properties, which can control their ability to dissolve an array of solutes. IL selection requires an in-depth understanding of the consequences of IL structure on extraction outcomes for different substrates. Here, 14 ILs containing cations and anions that have been systematically modified to examine key structural effects have been explored for the extraction of chemical components from Pinus radiata bark. The extraction efficiency relative to the mass of bark ranged from 4 to 70%, and the isolation of bark components was evaluated using antisolvent addition. Extraction outcomes highlighted the importance of the IL anion in affecting extraction efficiency and selectivity, with a secondary role from the IL cation, and point toward a simple route for improving the overall selectivity of biomass extractions through control of the antisolvent addition process.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"305 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2088794
Shuan Ren, Manrong Zha, Youji Li, Ke Song, Jian He, Shima Liu, Jie Guo, Kegang Li, Xianwu Zhou
Abstract It is important to reveal the differences in the metabolites of different clones of Eucommia wood to explore the beneficial components of Eucommia wood and the selection of Eucommia wood. In this study, an extensive targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on three different clones of Eucommia wood, Huazhong 12 Eucommia (HZ), Cili Eucommia (CL), and Miye Eucommia (MY), using UPLC-EI-MS/MS analysis. The results show that the Eucommia wood contains phenolic acids, lipids, amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, flavonoids, nucleotides and derivatives, terpenoids, lignans and coumarins, alkaloids, tannins, and other classes with a total of 854 metabolites. Among them, HZ and CL, HZ and MY, and MY and CL contain 99, 115, and 154 substantially different metabolites, respectively, enriched in 83, 128, and 199 metabolic pathways, mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The metabolites in HZ with a relatively high content were sexangularetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, narcissin*, quercetin-3-O-sambubioside*, and quercetin-3-O-apiosyl(1→2)galactoside*; the metabolites in MY with a relatively high content were L-lysine and L-ornithine. The relatively more abundant metabolite in CL is 1,3,5-benzenetriol. The results of the study not only reveal that different clones of Eucommia wood have different metabolite components. This may provide not only different health functions to Eucommia wood, but also theoretical and technical support for the selection and breeding of good Eucommia species for timber and the enhancement of added value.
{"title":"Comparative metabolomic study of three clones of Eucommia ulmoides wood","authors":"Shuan Ren, Manrong Zha, Youji Li, Ke Song, Jian He, Shima Liu, Jie Guo, Kegang Li, Xianwu Zhou","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2088794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2088794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is important to reveal the differences in the metabolites of different clones of Eucommia wood to explore the beneficial components of Eucommia wood and the selection of Eucommia wood. In this study, an extensive targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on three different clones of Eucommia wood, Huazhong 12 Eucommia (HZ), Cili Eucommia (CL), and Miye Eucommia (MY), using UPLC-EI-MS/MS analysis. The results show that the Eucommia wood contains phenolic acids, lipids, amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, flavonoids, nucleotides and derivatives, terpenoids, lignans and coumarins, alkaloids, tannins, and other classes with a total of 854 metabolites. Among them, HZ and CL, HZ and MY, and MY and CL contain 99, 115, and 154 substantially different metabolites, respectively, enriched in 83, 128, and 199 metabolic pathways, mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The metabolites in HZ with a relatively high content were sexangularetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, narcissin*, quercetin-3-O-sambubioside*, and quercetin-3-O-apiosyl(1→2)galactoside*; the metabolites in MY with a relatively high content were L-lysine and L-ornithine. The relatively more abundant metabolite in CL is 1,3,5-benzenetriol. The results of the study not only reveal that different clones of Eucommia wood have different metabolite components. This may provide not only different health functions to Eucommia wood, but also theoretical and technical support for the selection and breeding of good Eucommia species for timber and the enhancement of added value.","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"318 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.1080/02773813.2022.2085748
Liangsong Cheng, Shaobo Ren, N. Brosse, Zehui Ju, Suxia Li, Xiaoning Lu
Abstract In this paper, a wood coating based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/nano-cellulose crystalline (CNC)/Magnesium hydroxide (MH) was prepared. Efficient dispersion of MH in WPU in presence of 5 wt% of CNCs was observed by biological microscope leading to a material with improved esthetic, thermal and fire-retardant properties and mechanical performance. By thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and comparison with WPU, the maximum weight loss rate (RTmax) of WPU/CNC/MH coating decreased dramatically from 13.2 to 6.63, and the residue increased sharply from 4.69% to 40.55%. The results of pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) showed that the flame-retardant performance of the composite coating is also greatly improved, and the peak of heat rate release (pHRR) being reduced from 350 w/g to 121 w/g. When applied to the wood panels, according to the Limiting oxygen index (LOI) experiment, for MH < 40 wt%, the combustibility grade is B2 level (combustible material), whereas for MH > 40 wt% the grade is B1 level (flame retardant material).
{"title":"Synergic flame-retardant effect of cellulose nanocrystals and magnesium hydroxide in polyurethane wood coating","authors":"Liangsong Cheng, Shaobo Ren, N. Brosse, Zehui Ju, Suxia Li, Xiaoning Lu","doi":"10.1080/02773813.2022.2085748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2022.2085748","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, a wood coating based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/nano-cellulose crystalline (CNC)/Magnesium hydroxide (MH) was prepared. Efficient dispersion of MH in WPU in presence of 5 wt% of CNCs was observed by biological microscope leading to a material with improved esthetic, thermal and fire-retardant properties and mechanical performance. By thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and comparison with WPU, the maximum weight loss rate (RTmax) of WPU/CNC/MH coating decreased dramatically from 13.2 to 6.63, and the residue increased sharply from 4.69% to 40.55%. The results of pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) showed that the flame-retardant performance of the composite coating is also greatly improved, and the peak of heat rate release (pHRR) being reduced from 350 w/g to 121 w/g. When applied to the wood panels, according to the Limiting oxygen index (LOI) experiment, for MH < 40 wt%, the combustibility grade is B2 level (combustible material), whereas for MH > 40 wt% the grade is B1 level (flame retardant material).","PeriodicalId":17493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"297 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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