Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4823
Vian S. Ismail
Background:
The ideal reaction conditions for the quantitative detection of phosphate in various natural water and detergent samples were carefully researched in order to produce and preserve the colored complex product. The blue complex was identified using a simple and accurate UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a maximum wavelength of 870 nm.
Even though phosphate is an essential ingredient for the development of aquatic species, it is important to know exactly how much is present because an excess amount of phosphate can eutrophic water. Since detergents are one of the sources of phosphate in natural water, determining the concentration of phosphate in detergent samples is also essential.
Materials and Methods:
The method is based on the addition of sodium molybdate, which causes the interaction of orthophosphate with molybdate to produce an intense, stable, and water-soluble phosphomolybdate blue complex. Then, this combination is reduced using hydrazine hydrate in a sulfuric acid solution.
Results:
With a correlation coefficient of 0.9944, the system complies with Lambert-Beer's law at 870 nm in a concentration range of (0.05-9) ppm. Molar absorptivity was determined to be 12.16x103 L mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.0156 g cm-2. Water samples were collected from Warte, Choman, Jundeyan, and Bexal in Kurdistan's vicinity of Soran. Further, detergent samples that were obtained from the market and their phosphate level were examined. The Bexal waterfall had the lowest concentration of phosphate, 0.18 ppm, while the Warte and Jundeyan water samples had the highest concentrations, 3.31 ppm, and 3.04 ppm, respectively. Moreover, similar phosphate concentrations in the two detergent samples were discovered to be at 20.43 and 24.76 ppm.
Conclusion:
The molybdenum blue reaction has been successfully employed to provide a sensitive and quick measuring method to quantify the phosphate content in various water and detergent samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometry by applying the right reaction conditions and reagent quantities.
{"title":"The Blue Molybdenum Reaction for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Water and Detergent Samples","authors":"Vian S. Ismail","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4823","url":null,"abstract":"Background:
 The ideal reaction conditions for the quantitative detection of phosphate in various natural water and detergent samples were carefully researched in order to produce and preserve the colored complex product. The blue complex was identified using a simple and accurate UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a maximum wavelength of 870 nm.
 Even though phosphate is an essential ingredient for the development of aquatic species, it is important to know exactly how much is present because an excess amount of phosphate can eutrophic water. Since detergents are one of the sources of phosphate in natural water, determining the concentration of phosphate in detergent samples is also essential.
 Materials and Methods:
 The method is based on the addition of sodium molybdate, which causes the interaction of orthophosphate with molybdate to produce an intense, stable, and water-soluble phosphomolybdate blue complex. Then, this combination is reduced using hydrazine hydrate in a sulfuric acid solution.
 Results:
 With a correlation coefficient of 0.9944, the system complies with Lambert-Beer's law at 870 nm in a concentration range of (0.05-9) ppm. Molar absorptivity was determined to be 12.16x103 L mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.0156 g cm-2. Water samples were collected from Warte, Choman, Jundeyan, and Bexal in Kurdistan's vicinity of Soran. Further, detergent samples that were obtained from the market and their phosphate level were examined. The Bexal waterfall had the lowest concentration of phosphate, 0.18 ppm, while the Warte and Jundeyan water samples had the highest concentrations, 3.31 ppm, and 3.04 ppm, respectively. Moreover, similar phosphate concentrations in the two detergent samples were discovered to be at 20.43 and 24.76 ppm.
 Conclusion:
 The molybdenum blue reaction has been successfully employed to provide a sensitive and quick measuring method to quantify the phosphate content in various water and detergent samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometry by applying the right reaction conditions and reagent quantities.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4833
Hamid Shaker Mohsen, Hisham Mohammed Ali Hasan
Background: Enhancing the optical characteristics of nano-silicon carbide and polyvinyl alcohol films is thought to be crucial for obtaining the semiconductor with the lowest energy gap for applications in electrical devices, digital displays, and sensors.
Materials and Methods: Poly vinyl alcohol and silicon carbide's optical properties were examined. A pulsed laser with a 532 nm wavelength is used to create these nanoparticles into widespread nanoparticles in two environments (water and vinyl alcohol). Polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite was created by spin coating silicon carbide particles with the weight fractions 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.93%, and 0.95%. Fourier spectroscopy was used to locate the functional groups based. Techniques FESEM were used to analyze the surface composition and nanoparticle dispersion on the membrane-surface of the nanocomposite. using spectroscopy UV-Vis used to record the absorbance spectrum in the range of (200-800) nm for ultraviolet radiation.
Results: The direct energy gap (5.585, 5.310, 5.480, 4.986, 4.800) eV and the indirect (5.006, 4.880, 4.916, 4.683, 4.490) eV and Urbach energy (2.38, 2.45, 2.94, 2.74, 3.67) eV were calculated.for the samples by ratio, as shown in Table No. 1.
Conclusion: By investigating the optical characteristics of nanoparticles, such as their extinction and absorption coefficients, direct and indirect optical energy gaps, and Urbach energies .increase in extinction and absorption coefficients Urbach energy when adding nano carbide to polyvinyl alcohol, results show narrowing of the direct and indirect energy gaps. This suggests that the nanocomposite's optical characteristics have improved.
{"title":"Optical Properties of PVA Silicon Carbide Nano Composites Films Synthesized Via Laser Ablation","authors":"Hamid Shaker Mohsen, Hisham Mohammed Ali Hasan","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4833","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enhancing the optical characteristics of nano-silicon carbide and polyvinyl alcohol films is thought to be crucial for obtaining the semiconductor with the lowest energy gap for applications in electrical devices, digital displays, and sensors.
 Materials and Methods: Poly vinyl alcohol and silicon carbide's optical properties were examined. A pulsed laser with a 532 nm wavelength is used to create these nanoparticles into widespread nanoparticles in two environments (water and vinyl alcohol). Polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite was created by spin coating silicon carbide particles with the weight fractions 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.93%, and 0.95%. Fourier spectroscopy was used to locate the functional groups based. Techniques FESEM were used to analyze the surface composition and nanoparticle dispersion on the membrane-surface of the nanocomposite. using spectroscopy UV-Vis used to record the absorbance spectrum in the range of (200-800) nm for ultraviolet radiation.
 Results: The direct energy gap (5.585, 5.310, 5.480, 4.986, 4.800) eV and the indirect (5.006, 4.880, 4.916, 4.683, 4.490) eV and Urbach energy (2.38, 2.45, 2.94, 2.74, 3.67) eV were calculated.for the samples by ratio, as shown in Table No. 1.
 Conclusion: By investigating the optical characteristics of nanoparticles, such as their extinction and absorption coefficients, direct and indirect optical energy gaps, and Urbach energies .increase in extinction and absorption coefficients Urbach energy when adding nano carbide to polyvinyl alcohol, results show narrowing of the direct and indirect energy gaps. This suggests that the nanocomposite's optical characteristics have improved.
","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4827
Sahar A E Al Shatari, Hasan Raed Khudhur
Background: People must develop a healthy lifestyle to have a longer and healthier life.
Objective: to study the Public awareness toward healthy life of Iraqi community, and it relation with some of demographic variables.
Method & persons: A cross-sectional study conducted from 20th June – 20th September 2022, through online questionnaire (google form) distributed through any available channels (e-mails, Viber, Chat, Messenger, WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook groups)
Results: Nine hundred and fifty-six Iraqi persons enrolled in this study, with age mean and standard deviation 32.67± 11.954; the highest percentage of participants 589(51.2%) aged ≤ 29 years, females 577(60.4%), currently married 480(50.2%), medical & health field worker 458(47.9%), while all the non- medical persons 498, (52.1%), {students 212(22.2%), government non-medical worker 146(15.3%). most of the participants 812(84.9%) had once to twice brushing their teeth, and 408(42.7%) had sometimes using Dental floss, while 376(39.3%) of them never using dental floss, and only 39(41.1%)of the participant had regular teeth examination also good overall teeth health only in 387(40.5%). Acceptant-lifestyle 767(80.2%), and only 15(1.6%) had food & water intake poor lifestyle, while in overall-checkup the majority had poor overall-checkup 561(58.7%), then acceptable overall checkup 290(30.3%).
Conclusion: Most of the participant had acceptance lifestyle in concerned food and water but had poor Overall checkup for vision, teeth, blood pressure, sugar, lipid and Regular doctor checkup in general.
{"title":"Public Awareness Toward Healthy Life: Sample from Iraqi Community 2020","authors":"Sahar A E Al Shatari, Hasan Raed Khudhur","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4827","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People must develop a healthy lifestyle to have a longer and healthier life.
 Objective: to study the Public awareness toward healthy life of Iraqi community, and it relation with some of demographic variables.
 Method & persons: A cross-sectional study conducted from 20th June – 20th September 2022, through online questionnaire (google form) distributed through any available channels (e-mails, Viber, Chat, Messenger, WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook groups)
 Results: Nine hundred and fifty-six Iraqi persons enrolled in this study, with age mean and standard deviation 32.67± 11.954; the highest percentage of participants 589(51.2%) aged ≤ 29 years, females 577(60.4%), currently married 480(50.2%), medical & health field worker 458(47.9%), while all the non- medical persons 498, (52.1%), {students 212(22.2%), government non-medical worker 146(15.3%). most of the participants 812(84.9%) had once to twice brushing their teeth, and 408(42.7%) had sometimes using Dental floss, while 376(39.3%) of them never using dental floss, and only 39(41.1%)of the participant had regular teeth examination also good overall teeth health only in 387(40.5%). Acceptant-lifestyle 767(80.2%), and only 15(1.6%) had food & water intake poor lifestyle, while in overall-checkup the majority had poor overall-checkup 561(58.7%), then acceptable overall checkup 290(30.3%).
 Conclusion: Most of the participant had acceptance lifestyle in concerned food and water but had poor Overall checkup for vision, teeth, blood pressure, sugar, lipid and Regular doctor checkup in general.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4841
Baraa Hussam Ali, Lazem H. Aboud, Mohammed J. Jader
Background: The quest for improving the efficiency of solar cells has garnered considerable attention in numerous scientific investigations. One promising approach involves utilizing plasmons generated by metal nanoparticles to enhance the performance of photovoltaic solar cells. Materials and Methods: High-purity gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and a combination of both were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were deposited onto silicon (Si) substrates and pre-existing Si homo-junction photovoltaic cells. Results: The optical analysis of the prepared nanoparticle suspension revealed distinct plasmonic bands located at approximately 400 nm and 523 nm wavelengths for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. In the case of the AuNPs:AgNPs mixture, two plasmonic bands were observed, corresponding to the presence of both types of metal nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the deposited nanoparticle samples on Si wafers demonstrated a polycrystalline structure for all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging displayed uniformly distributed spherical Au nanoparticles on the substrate, while AgNPs exhibited some aggregations. Conclusion: The photovoltaic (PV) solar cells demonstrated an enhanced performance, attributed to the ability of the plasmonic nanoparticles to facilitate increased light absorption or enhance surface conductivity. The combination of silver and gold particles holds promise for solar surface coating, further optimizing the cells to capture a greater amount of solar radiation within their plasmon peaks. This study highlights the potential of plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of previously prepared PV cells.
{"title":"The Optimizing of Prefabricated Solar Cells by Dual Plasmonic Nanoparticles","authors":"Baraa Hussam Ali, Lazem H. Aboud, Mohammed J. Jader","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4841","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quest for improving the efficiency of solar cells has garnered considerable attention in numerous scientific investigations. One promising approach involves utilizing plasmons generated by metal nanoparticles to enhance the performance of photovoltaic solar cells. Materials and Methods: High-purity gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and a combination of both were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were deposited onto silicon (Si) substrates and pre-existing Si homo-junction photovoltaic cells. Results: The optical analysis of the prepared nanoparticle suspension revealed distinct plasmonic bands located at approximately 400 nm and 523 nm wavelengths for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. In the case of the AuNPs:AgNPs mixture, two plasmonic bands were observed, corresponding to the presence of both types of metal nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the deposited nanoparticle samples on Si wafers demonstrated a polycrystalline structure for all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging displayed uniformly distributed spherical Au nanoparticles on the substrate, while AgNPs exhibited some aggregations. Conclusion: The photovoltaic (PV) solar cells demonstrated an enhanced performance, attributed to the ability of the plasmonic nanoparticles to facilitate increased light absorption or enhance surface conductivity. The combination of silver and gold particles holds promise for solar surface coating, further optimizing the cells to capture a greater amount of solar radiation within their plasmon peaks. This study highlights the potential of plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of previously prepared PV cells.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4842
H. A. Laken
Background
High radiation is a double-edged sword, may be a treatment for some diseases also it may be dangerous when exposed to it in large doses for long periods of time, hospitals are a good example of this, hospitals are cure for patients and at the same time its considered a disease for their workers.
Materials and Methods:
Giger-Muller instrument counter was used to calculate the level of radioactivity emanating from three hospitals in Babel / Al-Hillah. Radioactivity was measured in different areas of each hospital, especially the X-ray departments, accelerators and CT-scan room.
Results:
The result is that the data we obtained were within the permissible exposure levels. Determine the most radioactive areas in the study area, the highest value was recorded in (0.90 mSv) in X-ray device in Hilla Surgical Hospital and the lowest dose was (0.015 mSv) in the X-ray device in Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital.
Conclusion:
Several samples investigated were less than the safe limits recommended by WHO in some respects.
{"title":"Radiation Pollution Hazard Indices in Hospitals of Hilla City/Iraq","authors":"H. A. Laken","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4842","url":null,"abstract":"Background
 High radiation is a double-edged sword, may be a treatment for some diseases also it may be dangerous when exposed to it in large doses for long periods of time, hospitals are a good example of this, hospitals are cure for patients and at the same time its considered a disease for their workers. 
 Materials and Methods:
 Giger-Muller instrument counter was used to calculate the level of radioactivity emanating from three hospitals in Babel / Al-Hillah. Radioactivity was measured in different areas of each hospital, especially the X-ray departments, accelerators and CT-scan room.
 Results:
 The result is that the data we obtained were within the permissible exposure levels. Determine the most radioactive areas in the study area, the highest value was recorded in (0.90 mSv) in X-ray device in Hilla Surgical Hospital and the lowest dose was (0.015 mSv) in the X-ray device in Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital.
 Conclusion:
 Several samples investigated were less than the safe limits recommended by WHO in some respects.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4829
Hazim Abdulameer Fadhil Al-Afare
Background: This paper analyzes the geometric changes in human face during childhood to estimate the related age; cranial changes are used as age-progression features within childhood stage (0-12) years. Infant face is close to the circular shape turning to an ellipse shape over age progression face oval is determined and drawn using face landmarks, were it’s robust against opening mouth, thinness, fatness or face occlusion by hair.
Materials and Methods: The experiments depending on two types of face dataset. First one is the standard FG-NET dataset, which was provided with face landmark points numbered from 1 to 68 [14, 15]. Besides, an Internet-based collected data set of (3010) face images extracted from Daily Photo Project.
Results: Drawn face ellipse provided set of measures that significantly modeled changes in forehead size and face roundness. Studied age period was between birth and 12 years old. Exaggerated head size at birth provides round face with big forehead, which starts shrinking as age progresses natural face.
Conclusion: Face ellipse provided efficient measures and distances to represent face changes along childhood. Comparing with published researches in young-face age estimation, proposed face ellipse recorded encouraging results.
{"title":"The Effects of Head Pose and Face Roundness on Age Progression in Children Faces","authors":"Hazim Abdulameer Fadhil Al-Afare","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4829","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper analyzes the geometric changes in human face during childhood to estimate the related age; cranial changes are used as age-progression features within childhood stage (0-12) years. Infant face is close to the circular shape turning to an ellipse shape over age progression face oval is determined and drawn using face landmarks, were it’s robust against opening mouth, thinness, fatness or face occlusion by hair.
 Materials and Methods: The experiments depending on two types of face dataset. First one is the standard FG-NET dataset, which was provided with face landmark points numbered from 1 to 68 [14, 15]. Besides, an Internet-based collected data set of (3010) face images extracted from Daily Photo Project.
 Results: Drawn face ellipse provided set of measures that significantly modeled changes in forehead size and face roundness. Studied age period was between birth and 12 years old. Exaggerated head size at birth provides round face with big forehead, which starts shrinking as age progresses natural face.
 Conclusion: Face ellipse provided efficient measures and distances to represent face changes along childhood. Comparing with published researches in young-face age estimation, proposed face ellipse recorded encouraging results.
","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:
An irreversible hydrocolloid impression material combined with two different doses of chlorhexidine solution is tested for dimensional change and tearing strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of adding chlorhexidine with 2 different available concentrations on alginate impression material.
Materials and Methods:
According to the manufacturer's instructions, the irreversible hydrocolloid specimens is made and divided into 3groups (Group 1 is mixed with tap water as a control group, Group 2 is mixed with 0.12 chlorhexidine, and Group 3 is mixed with 0.2 chlorhexidine). Testing is done on the change in dimensions and the tearing strength.
Results:
Lesser dimensional change is observed at group two and is non-significant, and the group three is significantly more dimensionally stable when compared with group one, tearing strength of group one and two is nearly the same while the group three is more resistant to tear and the difference is significant
Conclusion:
The dimensional stability and tearing resistance of chlorhexidine self-disinfecting irreversible hydrocolloid impression material may vary greatly.
{"title":"Comparison of Tearing strength and Dimensional Stability of Alginate Impression Material Mixed with Water and Chlorhexidine","authors":"Ahmed Saleh Hamad Ameen, Ribaz Tahsin Hayas Kakai, Hozan Farid Tawfiq","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4838","url":null,"abstract":"Background:
 An irreversible hydrocolloid impression material combined with two different doses of chlorhexidine solution is tested for dimensional change and tearing strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of adding chlorhexidine with 2 different available concentrations on alginate impression material.
 Materials and Methods:
 According to the manufacturer's instructions, the irreversible hydrocolloid specimens is made and divided into 3groups (Group 1 is mixed with tap water as a control group, Group 2 is mixed with 0.12 chlorhexidine, and Group 3 is mixed with 0.2 chlorhexidine). Testing is done on the change in dimensions and the tearing strength.
 Results:
 Lesser dimensional change is observed at group two and is non-significant, and the group three is significantly more dimensionally stable when compared with group one, tearing strength of group one and two is nearly the same while the group three is more resistant to tear and the difference is significant
 Conclusion:
 The dimensional stability and tearing resistance of chlorhexidine self-disinfecting irreversible hydrocolloid impression material may vary greatly.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4844
Ejiro Francess Ejoh, Aniesua A. Essiett, Joseph Gordian Atat, Edu J. Inam, Imeh E. Essien, Mfon Celestine Bede, Emem Uduak Benjamin
Background:
This research was conducted to estimate the activity concentration level of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil and cassava and determine the transfer factor from soil to cassava in Ughelli North, Delta State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods:
These were examined using gamma spectrometry and considering a lead-shielded 3 x 3inch coaxial type Sodium Iodide Thallium doped detector.
Results:
The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th are 45.49 ± 4.28 BqKg−1, 3.15 ± 0.77 BqKg−1 and 0.56 ± 0.06 BqKg−1 respectively in soil samples and 134.08 ± 11.59 BqKg−1, 3.89 ± 0.93 BqKg−1 and 0.81 ± 0.09 BqKg−1 correspondingly in cassava samples. The mean transfer factor of 40K, 238U and 232Th from soil to cassava are 3.44 ± 0.75, 1.94 ± 0.32 and 1.34 ± 0.54 respectively. Peak values of the TF were noted as 8.52 for 40K at U18, D18, 25.58 for 238U at U12, D12 and 5.71 for 232Th at U11, D11.
Conclusion:
The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the area are lower than the world average values. Consequently, it will not pose any radiological hazard if consumed. The high value of Transfer factor is attributed to the richness of the organic matter in the soil and may indicate high ability to transfer radionuclides in the soil to food crops but from the concentration information, these radionuclides present in the soil are low as well as annual effective doses. There is no radiological risk of ingestion.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil to Cassava Transfer Factor of Radionuclides in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Ejiro Francess Ejoh, Aniesua A. Essiett, Joseph Gordian Atat, Edu J. Inam, Imeh E. Essien, Mfon Celestine Bede, Emem Uduak Benjamin","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4844","url":null,"abstract":"Background:
 This research was conducted to estimate the activity concentration level of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil and cassava and determine the transfer factor from soil to cassava in Ughelli North, Delta State, Nigeria.
 Materials and Methods:
 These were examined using gamma spectrometry and considering a lead-shielded 3 x 3inch coaxial type Sodium Iodide Thallium doped detector.
 Results:
 The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th are 45.49 ± 4.28 BqKg−1, 3.15 ± 0.77 BqKg−1 and 0.56 ± 0.06 BqKg−1 respectively in soil samples and 134.08 ± 11.59 BqKg−1, 3.89 ± 0.93 BqKg−1 and 0.81 ± 0.09 BqKg−1 correspondingly in cassava samples. The mean transfer factor of 40K, 238U and 232Th from soil to cassava are 3.44 ± 0.75, 1.94 ± 0.32 and 1.34 ± 0.54 respectively. Peak values of the TF were noted as 8.52 for 40K at U18, D18, 25.58 for 238U at U12, D12 and 5.71 for 232Th at U11, D11.
 Conclusion:
 The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the area are lower than the world average values. Consequently, it will not pose any radiological hazard if consumed. The high value of Transfer factor is attributed to the richness of the organic matter in the soil and may indicate high ability to transfer radionuclides in the soil to food crops but from the concentration information, these radionuclides present in the soil are low as well as annual effective doses. There is no radiological risk of ingestion.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:
Studying of the potential energy surface by using the interacting bosons model for potential (IBMP) to determine the deformation in the nucleus of isotopes230Th, 232Th, and 234Th. This program helps to determine the deformation that takes place in the nucleus by analyzing the deflection of the contour lines and their aggregation in a specific region.
Materials and Methods:
The IBMP program was used to study the surface potential.
Results:
We obtained the results that show the nuclear structure of the radioactive isotopes, through which the limitations and distortions can be known
Conclusions:
The potential distribution on the surface of the core for rotational determination SU(3) and translational SU(3)-O(6) results in high distortion and asymmetric distribution of contour lines.
{"title":"Studying Potential Energy Surface for 230Th , 232Th and 234Th Isotopes Using Interacting Boson Model-1","authors":"Nibras Hayder Hammood Eatiah, Mohsin Kadhim Muttaleb Al-Jnaby, Ghaidaa A. Hafedh Jaber Hussien","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4845","url":null,"abstract":"Background:
 Studying of the potential energy surface by using the interacting bosons model for potential (IBMP) to determine the deformation in the nucleus of isotopes230Th, 232Th, and 234Th. This program helps to determine the deformation that takes place in the nucleus by analyzing the deflection of the contour lines and their aggregation in a specific region.
 Materials and Methods:
 The IBMP program was used to study the surface potential.
 Results:
 We obtained the results that show the nuclear structure of the radioactive isotopes, through which the limitations and distortions can be known
 Conclusions:
 The potential distribution on the surface of the core for rotational determination SU(3) and translational SU(3)-O(6) results in high distortion and asymmetric distribution of contour lines.
","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4836
Safa Abdul Kareem Raheem, Sami Abd Al-Hussein Hatif, Alaa Hussein Ali
Background:
The effect of laser wavelength on the analytical results obtained from LIBS by Nd: YAG laser diagnostics to copper element is experimentally investigated by Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The temperature and density of electrons in copper plasma are calculated under (LTE) conditions.
Materials and Methods:
Various copper transitions were obtained. Identification of transition lines from the spectrum is carried out by comparing spectral lines with NIST atomic database. The results after performing the analysis were compared with (NIST) database.
Results:
The result showed that the various wavelengths obtained from the copper target tare with significant compatibility with the same wavelengths from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Conclusion:
LIBS technique proved to be a precise and accurate tool for calculating electron temperature and electron number density, the presence of different elements with very low tolerance, and diagnosing their concentrations.
{"title":"Spectroscopic Study of Copper Plasma Produced by Fundamental Nd: YAG Laser by LIBS","authors":"Safa Abdul Kareem Raheem, Sami Abd Al-Hussein Hatif, Alaa Hussein Ali","doi":"10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i3.4836","url":null,"abstract":"Background:
 The effect of laser wavelength on the analytical results obtained from LIBS by Nd: YAG laser diagnostics to copper element is experimentally investigated by Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The temperature and density of electrons in copper plasma are calculated under (LTE) conditions.
 Materials and Methods:
 Various copper transitions were obtained. Identification of transition lines from the spectrum is carried out by comparing spectral lines with NIST atomic database. The results after performing the analysis were compared with (NIST) database.
 Results:
 The result showed that the various wavelengths obtained from the copper target tare with significant compatibility with the same wavelengths from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
 Conclusion:
 LIBS technique proved to be a precise and accurate tool for calculating electron temperature and electron number density, the presence of different elements with very low tolerance, and diagnosing their concentrations.","PeriodicalId":17505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University of Babylon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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