Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107221
Yuhui Mou , Lei Zhong , Wencong Liu , Guangyuan Jin , Feihu Song , Zhenfeng Li , Jinbiao Teng , Chunfang Song
Lightweight and stable treatment of sludge is urgently needed because of its dual characteristics of pollution and resources. The decanter centrifuge plays a crucial role in sludge treatment as highly efficient solid–liquid separation equipment. This paper extensively discusses the impacts of the sludge solid density, sludge concentration, and drum rotation speed on the separation performance of a decanter centrifuge through numerical simulation. Based on univariate analysis results, a supervised learning algorithm is employed to quantify the coupling effect of the sludge properties and drum speed on the separation efficiency by comparing the prediction accuracies of three different surrogate models. The optimum drum rotation speed for the decanter centrifuge to achieve the desired separation efficiency was determined for different sludge properties. At high speeds (>2500 r·min−1), the drum rotation speed had the greatest effect on the separation efficiency, whereas at lower speeds (<2500 r·min−1), the sludge solid density became the predominant factor affecting separation efficiency. When the speed is >3000 r·min−1, the separation efficiency begins to decline. This study offers a fresh perspective for investigating flow characteristics and regulating separation efficiency in decanter centrifuges used for sludge dewatering.
{"title":"Optimization of drum rotation speed of decanter centrifuge for dewatering with different sludge properties","authors":"Yuhui Mou , Lei Zhong , Wencong Liu , Guangyuan Jin , Feihu Song , Zhenfeng Li , Jinbiao Teng , Chunfang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight and stable treatment of sludge is urgently needed because of its dual characteristics of pollution and resources. The decanter centrifuge plays a crucial role in sludge treatment as highly efficient solid–liquid separation equipment. This paper extensively discusses the impacts of the sludge solid density, sludge concentration, and drum rotation speed on the separation performance of a decanter centrifuge through numerical simulation. Based on univariate analysis results, a supervised learning algorithm is employed to quantify the coupling effect of the sludge properties and drum speed on the separation efficiency by comparing the prediction accuracies of three different surrogate models. The optimum drum rotation speed for the decanter centrifuge to achieve the desired separation efficiency was determined for different sludge properties. At high speeds (>2500 r·min<sup>−1</sup>), the drum rotation speed had the greatest effect on the separation efficiency, whereas at lower speeds (<2500 r·min<sup>−1</sup>), the sludge solid density became the predominant factor affecting separation efficiency. When the speed is >3000 r·min<sup>−1</sup>, the separation efficiency begins to decline. This study offers a fresh perspective for investigating flow characteristics and regulating separation efficiency in decanter centrifuges used for sludge dewatering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107219
Shuyi Chu , Furong Zhao , Yu Liu , Jibo Xiao , Xiao Ma , Zhiyong Yan
One of the key challenges in operating constructed wetlands (CWs) is phosphorus-saturated substrates that markedly impacts their normal functioning and pollutant removal capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the potential of CW plants in activating phosphorus from phosphorus-saturated substrates under various treatments. Results showed that the inorganic phosphorus (IP) content in a substrate planted with Canna indica (M group) decreased by 48.73 % and 74.82 % after 90 (stage 1) and 150 days (stage 2), respectively. When nitrogen, biochar, and plant litter were added in the substrate, biomass and root growth significantly increased. At the end of stage 2, substrates in MYN (nitrogen addition groups) and MSW (plant litter addition groups) treatments had a significantly lower IP than that in the M treatment. Among the four bacteria isolated, Curtobacterium pusillum had the higher phosphate-solubilizing potential. Inoculation of the substrate with C. pusillum in the M group increased the relative abundance of Streptophyta, Burkholderia, Massilia, and Arthrobacter and residual phosphorus activation by 57.16 %. These results indicate a promising potential of CW plants in terms of phosphorus activation from phosphorus-saturated substrates, subsequently facilitating the sustainable development of CWs.
{"title":"Phosphorus activation from phosphorus-saturated substrates by constructed wetlands plants: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Shuyi Chu , Furong Zhao , Yu Liu , Jibo Xiao , Xiao Ma , Zhiyong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the key challenges in operating constructed wetlands (CWs) is phosphorus-saturated substrates that markedly impacts their normal functioning and pollutant removal capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the potential of CW plants in activating phosphorus from phosphorus-saturated substrates under various treatments. Results showed that the inorganic phosphorus (IP) content in a substrate planted with <em>Canna indica</em> (M group) decreased by 48.73 % and 74.82 % after 90 (stage 1) and 150 days (stage 2), respectively. When nitrogen, biochar, and plant litter were added in the substrate, biomass and root growth significantly increased. At the end of stage 2, substrates in MYN (nitrogen addition groups) and MSW (plant litter addition groups) treatments had a significantly lower IP than that in the M treatment. Among the four bacteria isolated, <em>Curtobacterium pusillum</em> had the higher phosphate-solubilizing potential. Inoculation of the substrate with <em>C. pusillum</em> in the M group increased the relative abundance of <em>Streptophyta</em>, <em>Burkholderia</em>, <em>Massilia</em>, and <em>Arthrobacter</em> and residual phosphorus activation by 57.16 %. These results indicate a promising potential of CW plants in terms of phosphorus activation from phosphorus-saturated substrates, subsequently facilitating the sustainable development of CWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107220
Lili Huang, Yao Ge, Zhi Zheng, Dong Wang, Xinlei Wang, Liu Yang, Shengqiong Fang
Transition metals are frequently used to create catalysts that activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade water contaminants. However, the degradation efficiency may be decreased if metal ions are released into the solution. In this work, a one-step calcination method was used to modify graphitic carbon nitride (CN) in the presence of Co and S. The synthesis of CoS₂ was notably aided by the doping of S, which also improved the degradation efficiency of CBZ by penetrating the tri-s-triazine ring of CN, which alters the electron distribution and speeds up the electron transfer efficiency between Co2+ and Co3+. The Fenton-like reaction mechanism degrades carbamazepine (CBZ, C = 20 mg/L) by 98 % within 40 min when paired with PMS. When the pH value ranges between 5 and 9, the degradation efficiency of CBZ remains above 90 % even in the presence of humic acid and other anions. Sulphate radicals (SO₄−·) and superoxide radicals (O₂−·) were identified as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the reaction process. A believable CBZ degradation route was suggested. Additionally, the entire reaction process is environmentally safe due to the toxicity calculation.
{"title":"Co and S co-doped graphitic carbon nitride synergistically degrades carbamazepine in water with peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Lili Huang, Yao Ge, Zhi Zheng, Dong Wang, Xinlei Wang, Liu Yang, Shengqiong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metals are frequently used to create catalysts that activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade water contaminants. However, the degradation efficiency may be decreased if metal ions are released into the solution. In this work, a one-step calcination method was used to modify graphitic carbon nitride (CN) in the presence of Co and S. The synthesis of CoS₂ was notably aided by the doping of S, which also improved the degradation efficiency of CBZ by penetrating the tri-<em>s</em>-triazine ring of CN, which alters the electron distribution and speeds up the electron transfer efficiency between Co<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>3+</sup>. The Fenton-like reaction mechanism degrades carbamazepine (CBZ, C = 20 mg/L) by 98 % within 40 min when paired with PMS. When the pH value ranges between 5 and 9, the degradation efficiency of CBZ remains above 90 % even in the presence of humic acid and other anions. Sulphate radicals (SO₄<sup>−</sup>·) and superoxide radicals (O₂<sup>−</sup>·) were identified as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the reaction process. A believable CBZ degradation route was suggested. Additionally, the entire reaction process is environmentally safe due to the toxicity calculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107199
Zhibin Xia , Liang Qiao , Fei Chen , Xu Jiang , Pingting Li , Xing Zong , Yihan Wang , Feihong Wang , Luyan Zhang , Xiaolong Bai , Ye Yuan , Tianming Chen , Cheng Ding
This study investigated the regulation of sulfate reduction and mechanisms in Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC) under intermittent electric stimulation. The intermittent approach promoted the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and electroactive bacteria, improved electron transfer efficiency, and increased the abundance of functional genes associated with sulfate reduction, compared to continuous electric stimulation, the cysD and cysN, increased by 85.9 % and 66.2 %, respectively, resulting in significant sulfate reduction rate (29.03 mg/L·h). The microbial community under intermittent stimulation exhibited greater resilience to acidic stress and maintained higher metabolic activity by providing microbial recovery time through circuit disconnection by creating a biofilm thickness 1.7 times higher than continuous stimulation. Thus, Microorganisms have different electron transfer and reaction pathways. This research indicated that intermittent electric stimulation optimized the performance of MEC by promoting effective electron transfer and enhancing the adaptability of microbial communities, ultimately improving sulfate removal efficiency.
{"title":"Enhancing sulfate reduction in microbial electrolysis cells: The impact of intermittent electric field and extreme conditions on reaction mechanisms and functional genes","authors":"Zhibin Xia , Liang Qiao , Fei Chen , Xu Jiang , Pingting Li , Xing Zong , Yihan Wang , Feihong Wang , Luyan Zhang , Xiaolong Bai , Ye Yuan , Tianming Chen , Cheng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the regulation of sulfate reduction and mechanisms in Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC) under intermittent electric stimulation. The intermittent approach promoted the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and electroactive bacteria, improved electron transfer efficiency, and increased the abundance of functional genes associated with sulfate reduction, compared to continuous electric stimulation, the cysD and cysN, increased by 85.9 % and 66.2 %, respectively, resulting in significant sulfate reduction rate (29.03 mg/L·h). The microbial community under intermittent stimulation exhibited greater resilience to acidic stress and maintained higher metabolic activity by providing microbial recovery time through circuit disconnection by creating a biofilm thickness 1.7 times higher than continuous stimulation. Thus, Microorganisms have different electron transfer and reaction pathways. This research indicated that intermittent electric stimulation optimized the performance of MEC by promoting effective electron transfer and enhancing the adaptability of microbial communities, ultimately improving sulfate removal efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107229
Jiayi Liu , Yue Jiang , Huan Li
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a promising sludge treatment technology, and Cu ions were commonly used as homogeneous catalysts. However, the transformation of Cu ions in CWAO has not been investigated. This study conducted CWAO experiments using CuSO4 as the catalyst to reveal the change in Cu forms and catalytic performance. The results showed that Cu ions increased the mineralization rate of organic matter by at least 12 % and notably enhanced the degradation of humic acids. During the reactions, Cu ions were first complexed with organic substances and finally became stable CuS/Cu2S slag with a ratio close to 90 %. However, all the forms of Cu exhibited similar catalytic effects. To check the result further, chalcopyrite, which has an identical mineral composition to the CuS/Cu2S slag, was used in CWAO to replace CuSO4. The result verified that chalcopyrite had the same catalytic ability, and at most 88 % of organic matter was mineralized. Therefore, this study revealed the essential characteristics of homogeneous CWAO and found an effective and cheap catalyst without a heavy burden of copper recovery from the effluent. The finding provides a more cost-effective solution for sludge treatment.
{"title":"Transformation of copper sulfate and catalytic effects of copper sulfur compounds during sludge wet air oxidation","authors":"Jiayi Liu , Yue Jiang , Huan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a promising sludge treatment technology, and Cu ions were commonly used as homogeneous catalysts. However, the transformation of Cu ions in CWAO has not been investigated. This study conducted CWAO experiments using CuSO<sub>4</sub> as the catalyst to reveal the change in Cu forms and catalytic performance. The results showed that Cu ions increased the mineralization rate of organic matter by at least 12 % and notably enhanced the degradation of humic acids. During the reactions, Cu ions were first complexed with organic substances and finally became stable CuS/Cu<sub>2</sub>S slag with a ratio close to 90 %. However, all the forms of Cu exhibited similar catalytic effects. To check the result further, chalcopyrite, which has an identical mineral composition to the CuS/Cu<sub>2</sub>S slag, was used in CWAO to replace CuSO<sub>4</sub>. The result verified that chalcopyrite had the same catalytic ability, and at most 88 % of organic matter was mineralized. Therefore, this study revealed the essential characteristics of homogeneous CWAO and found an effective and cheap catalyst without a heavy burden of copper recovery from the effluent. The finding provides a more cost-effective solution for sludge treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107222
Hongfeng Yao , Honglu Zhang , Ruxue Wang , Hao Yu , Dawei Fang , Jun Wang , Yongcai Zhang , Zhaohong Zhang , Shuang Xue
Ternary dual Z-scheme photocatalysts prepared using conventional methods may cause photocatalyst nanoparticles with distinct interfaces and limited effective dual Z-scheme structures, which are unfavorable for the transfer of electrons among Z-scheme nanoparticles. In this study, a ternary dual Z-scheme CuO/CuBi2O4/Bi2O3 nanocomposite was constructed in-situ based on incomplete solid-phase chemical reactions, and applied to norfloxacin (NFX) degradation. The CuO/CuBi2O4/Bi2O3 photocatalyst prepared in one step has fuzzy interfaces and a specific nanoparticle arrangement, with CuBi2O4 located between CuO and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, which can form an effective dual Z-scheme photocatalytic system. The results showed that the degradation extent of NFX (5.0 mg/L) using CuO/CuBi2O4/Bi2O3 can reach 82.40 % within 240 min at 1.0: 1.0 M ratio of Cu(OH)2 and Bi(OH)3. The rate constant of 0.0052 min−1 using CuO/CuBi2O4/Bi2O3 nanocomposite is 2.17, 1.63, and 7.43 times higher than that of the CuO, Bi2O3, and CuBi2O4, respectively. The generation of h+, •OH, and •O2− was demonstrated during the degradation process. Additionally, the CuO/CuBi2O4/Bi2O3 nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibited high stability after four cycles and can degrade other antibiotics and dyes, such as tetracycline, crystal violet, acridine orange, and acid red B. Furthermore, the pathways and possible mechanisms for NFX degradation were proposed. This technology provides strategies for preparing ternary photocatalysts with specific nanoparticle arrangements and treating organic pollutants in water using sunlight.
{"title":"One-step in-situ construction of efficient solar light-driven dual Z-scheme nanocomposite with specific nanoparticle arrangement for antibiotic degradation: Strategy, performance, and mechanism insights","authors":"Hongfeng Yao , Honglu Zhang , Ruxue Wang , Hao Yu , Dawei Fang , Jun Wang , Yongcai Zhang , Zhaohong Zhang , Shuang Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ternary dual <em>Z</em>-scheme photocatalysts prepared using conventional methods may cause photocatalyst nanoparticles with distinct interfaces and limited effective dual <em>Z</em>-scheme structures, which are unfavorable for the transfer of electrons among Z-scheme nanoparticles. In this study, a ternary dual Z-scheme CuO/CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite was constructed in-situ based on incomplete solid-phase chemical reactions, and applied to norfloxacin (NFX) degradation. The CuO/CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> photocatalyst prepared in one step has fuzzy interfaces and a specific nanoparticle arrangement, with CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> located between CuO and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which can form an effective dual <em>Z</em>-scheme photocatalytic system. The results showed that the degradation extent of NFX (5.0 mg/L) using CuO/CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can reach 82.40 % within 240 min at 1.0: 1.0 M ratio of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Bi(OH)<sub>3</sub>. The rate constant of 0.0052 min<sup>−1</sup> using CuO/CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite is 2.17, 1.63, and 7.43 times higher than that of the CuO, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The generation of <em>h</em><sup><em>+</em></sup>, •OH, and •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> was demonstrated during the degradation process. Additionally, the CuO/CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibited high stability after four cycles and can degrade other antibiotics and dyes, such as tetracycline, crystal violet, acridine orange, and acid red B. Furthermore, the pathways and possible mechanisms for NFX degradation were proposed. This technology provides strategies for preparing ternary photocatalysts with specific nanoparticle arrangements and treating organic pollutants in water using sunlight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107205
Emanuel da Cruz Lima , Francisco Xavier Nobre , Gabriel e Silva Sales , Natália da Silva Ferreira , Carlos André Ferreira Moraes , Jardel Meneses Rocha , Francisco Eroni Paz dos Santos , Cristiani Campos Plá Cid , Deise Schafer , José Milton Elias de Matos
In this study, titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized using the alkaline hydrothermal method, and Ag and Cu ions were used to form Ag/Cu-TNT for use in the photodegradation of HCQ. The materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy (RAMAN), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) textural analysis, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer (DRS). BET revealed a reduction in specific surface area of 139.77 m2 g−1 for 109.34 m2 g−1, related to the presence of Ag and Cu ions in the interlamellar region of TNT. XPS featured binding energies Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 related to Ag0 and Ag+ in Cu 2p the peaks 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 eV are attributed to oxidation states Cu+ and Cu2+. The best photocatalytic results were presented at pH 3.0, Ag/Cu-TNT loading of 5.0 × 10−3 g, and HCQ concentration of 5.0 mg/L, reaching 88.81 % degradation in 120 min. The study also identified the species that influenced photodegradation and its by-products using LC/Q-TOF MS. It is observed that the suppression of the electron species (e−) and superoxide radicals (O2•-) in the HCQ solution caused a degradation, respectively, of only 47.05 % and 49.91 %, indicating that (e−) and (O2•-) are the species that most act in the degradation of this pollutant. Finally, the structural stability of the Ag/Cu-TNT after four cycles was confirmed by XRD and TEM. In this way, the research has developed a durable and efficient photocatalyst with potential for application in environmental remediation.
{"title":"Optimization of photocatalytic parameters for the photodegradation of hydroxychloroquine sulfate using the Ag/Cu-TNT nanocomposite","authors":"Emanuel da Cruz Lima , Francisco Xavier Nobre , Gabriel e Silva Sales , Natália da Silva Ferreira , Carlos André Ferreira Moraes , Jardel Meneses Rocha , Francisco Eroni Paz dos Santos , Cristiani Campos Plá Cid , Deise Schafer , José Milton Elias de Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized using the alkaline hydrothermal method, and Ag and Cu ions were used to form Ag/Cu-TNT for use in the photodegradation of HCQ. The materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy (RAMAN), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) textural analysis, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer (DRS). BET revealed a reduction in specific surface area of 139.77 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for 109.34 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, related to the presence of Ag and Cu ions in the interlamellar region of TNT. XPS featured binding energies Ag 3d<sub>5/2</sub> and Ag 3d<sub>3/2</sub> related to Ag<sup>0</sup> and Ag<sup>+</sup> in Cu 2p the peaks 2p<sub>3/2</sub> and 2p<sub>1/2</sub> eV are attributed to oxidation states Cu<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>. The best photocatalytic results were presented at pH 3.0, Ag/Cu-TNT loading of 5.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g, and HCQ concentration of 5.0 mg/L, reaching 88.81 % degradation in 120 min. The study also identified the species that influenced photodegradation and its by-products using LC/Q-TOF MS. It is observed that the suppression of the electron species (<em>e</em><sup><em>−</em></sup>) and superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) in the HCQ solution caused a degradation, respectively, of only 47.05 % and 49.91 %, indicating that (<em>e</em><sup><em>−</em></sup>) and (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) are the species that most act in the degradation of this pollutant. Finally, the structural stability of the Ag/Cu-TNT after four cycles was confirmed by XRD and TEM. In this way, the research has developed a durable and efficient photocatalyst with potential for application in environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107242
Yuansheng Tang , Wentian Zheng , Guangxing Yang , Wei Bi , Fengmi Zeng , Lu Xiao , Xianhui Li
Membrane contactors as an emerging separation technology exhibit great potential for ammonia recovery due to the thermal and chemical stability. However, membrane wetting remains a significant challenge, hindering its broader industrial application. This study explores the effects of membrane wetting on the ammonia absorption rates through membrane contactor under varying operation conditions. The wetting depth was in-situ monitored by the ultrasonic technique. Results reveal that reducing the feed flow rate and lowering the absorbent concentration can effectively mitigate the decline in ammonia absorption rates, while increasing the feed pH does not affect the membrane wetting process but enhances the ammonia recovery. Furthermore, the rare-earth wastewater proves suitable for treatment via membrane contactor as it requires no additional low-surface-tension surfactant and has a higher ammonia concentration. Moreover, a developed model is conducted to elucidate the transport mechanism of ammonia through membrane contactor during wetting process. With the increased wetting depth during membrane contactor process, the boundary layer thickness gradually increased, significantly strengthening the transfer resistance. This study provides an insight into further understanding the ammonia mass transfer through membrane contactor under wetting conditions.
{"title":"Unveiling the impact of membrane wetting on ammonia recovery through membrane contactor technology","authors":"Yuansheng Tang , Wentian Zheng , Guangxing Yang , Wei Bi , Fengmi Zeng , Lu Xiao , Xianhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane contactors as an emerging separation technology exhibit great potential for ammonia recovery due to the thermal and chemical stability. However, membrane wetting remains a significant challenge, hindering its broader industrial application. This study explores the effects of membrane wetting on the ammonia absorption rates through membrane contactor under varying operation conditions. The wetting depth was in-situ monitored by the ultrasonic technique. Results reveal that reducing the feed flow rate and lowering the absorbent concentration can effectively mitigate the decline in ammonia absorption rates, while increasing the feed pH does not affect the membrane wetting process but enhances the ammonia recovery. Furthermore, the rare-earth wastewater proves suitable for treatment via membrane contactor as it requires no additional low-surface-tension surfactant and has a higher ammonia concentration. Moreover, a developed model is conducted to elucidate the transport mechanism of ammonia through membrane contactor during wetting process. With the increased wetting depth during membrane contactor process, the boundary layer thickness gradually increased, significantly strengthening the transfer resistance. This study provides an insight into further understanding the ammonia mass transfer through membrane contactor under wetting conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107206
Jiaojiao Niu , Naiyu Wang , Yujie Feng , Jia Liu , Yingxin Zhao , Weihua He
Applying a constant potential (20 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode) to a three-electrode bio-electrochemical system is considered an effective method to investigate the biocathode's response to high ammonia load without other interferences. In this study, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was gradually increased in steps of 100, 300, 450, and 600 mg L−1. The sharp decrease in the maximum output current, from 26.12 ± 1.51 mA to 11.64 ± 1.35 mA, was partly due to the inhibition caused by free ammonia. Meanwhile, the prolonged duration of nitrite accumulation with increasing ammonia nitrogen correlated with the lag phase of output current, suggesting that nitrite toxicity was another factor limiting the biocathode's output performance. Moreover, the cathodic reduction current was significantly inhibited by higher ammonia concentrations, with a marked decline when ammonia nitrogen levels exceeded 450 mg L−1. However, the increase of conductivity based on high ammonium concentration only slightly reduced the charge transfer resistances (Rct) but could not fully counteract the free ammonia inhibition. Notably, the dual inhibitory effects of high ammonia and nitrite accumulation was also reflected in the reduced richness of microbial community, along with a decrease in the abundance of denitrifying functional bacteria (e.g., Ferruginibacter) and nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira). Thus, a comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory effects of different ammonia loads on the biocathode provides theoretical support for understanding the impact of high ammonia shocks on biocathode in microbial electrochemical system (MES) during practical wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Dual inhibitory effects of high ammonia and nitrite accumulation on biocathode in three-electrode bio-electrochemical system: Electrochemical activity and microbial succession","authors":"Jiaojiao Niu , Naiyu Wang , Yujie Feng , Jia Liu , Yingxin Zhao , Weihua He","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying a constant potential (20 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode) to a three-electrode bio-electrochemical system is considered an effective method to investigate the biocathode's response to high ammonia load without other interferences. In this study, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was gradually increased in steps of 100, 300, 450, and 600 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The sharp decrease in the maximum output current, from 26.12 ± 1.51 mA to 11.64 ± 1.35 mA, was partly due to the inhibition caused by free ammonia. Meanwhile, the prolonged duration of nitrite accumulation with increasing ammonia nitrogen correlated with the lag phase of output current, suggesting that nitrite toxicity was another factor limiting the biocathode's output performance. Moreover, the cathodic reduction current was significantly inhibited by higher ammonia concentrations, with a marked decline when ammonia nitrogen levels exceeded 450 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. However, the increase of conductivity based on high ammonium concentration only slightly reduced the charge transfer resistances (Rct) but could not fully counteract the free ammonia inhibition. Notably, the dual inhibitory effects of high ammonia and nitrite accumulation was also reflected in the reduced richness of microbial community, along with a decrease in the abundance of denitrifying functional bacteria (e.g., <em>Ferruginibacter</em>) and nitrifying bacteria (e.g., <em>Nitrospira</em>). Thus, a comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory effects of different ammonia loads on the biocathode provides theoretical support for understanding the impact of high ammonia shocks on biocathode in microbial electrochemical system (MES) during practical wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107213
Nusa Idaman Said , Nicolaus Nezha Nunez Mahasti , Wahyu Widayat , Taty Hernaningsih , Satmoko Yudo , Devona Chandrawaty , Ayudia Mutiara Fani , Ahmad Shoiful , Nur Muhamad Fuad , Veny Luvita , Rudi Nugroho , Sandia Primeia , Ikbal , Arifudin , Yosep Widi Nugraha , Setiyono , Ardie Septian
Removal of natural organic contaminants using the biofilter technique is beneficial for raw city water treatment. Several studies have been conducted using various biofilters for organic contaminant biodegradation; however, a detailed study on honeycomb biofilters applied in large-scale water treatment plants (WTPs) in tropical seasons has never been reported. This study investigates the biofilm on the surface of fixed-in-place honeycomb biofilter to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, and turbidity. The removal efficiency of COD, ammonia, and turbidity was satisfying at 52 %, 57.8 %, and 41.7 %, respectively, with the optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 142 min and neutral pH. The increase in rain precipitation positively correlated with the COD and turbidity removals. However, the ammonia removal was negatively correlated with the increase in rain precipitation and turbidity. The operational cost of raw water treatment can be saved by controlling the use of chlorine for removing the excess ammonia at the loading between 250 kg/day and 415 kg/day. The result demonstrates the valuable potency of fixed-in-place honeycomb biofilter for raw city water treatment, attributed to its simplicity, low operational and maintenance cost, and high efficiency in removing natural organic contaminants.
{"title":"Application of large-scale honeycomb biofilter as pretreatment system to improve the quality of raw city water: Efficiency and economic analysis","authors":"Nusa Idaman Said , Nicolaus Nezha Nunez Mahasti , Wahyu Widayat , Taty Hernaningsih , Satmoko Yudo , Devona Chandrawaty , Ayudia Mutiara Fani , Ahmad Shoiful , Nur Muhamad Fuad , Veny Luvita , Rudi Nugroho , Sandia Primeia , Ikbal , Arifudin , Yosep Widi Nugraha , Setiyono , Ardie Septian","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Removal of natural organic contaminants using the biofilter technique is beneficial for raw city water treatment. Several studies have been conducted using various biofilters for organic contaminant biodegradation; however, a detailed study on honeycomb biofilters applied in large-scale water treatment plants (WTPs) in tropical seasons has never been reported. This study investigates the biofilm on the surface of fixed-in-place honeycomb biofilter to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, and turbidity. The removal efficiency of COD, ammonia, and turbidity was satisfying at 52 %, 57.8 %, and 41.7 %, respectively, with the optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 142 min and neutral pH. The increase in rain precipitation positively correlated with the COD and turbidity removals. However, the ammonia removal was negatively correlated with the increase in rain precipitation and turbidity. The operational cost of raw water treatment can be saved by controlling the use of chlorine for removing the excess ammonia at the loading between 250 kg/day and 415 kg/day. The result demonstrates the valuable potency of fixed-in-place honeycomb biofilter for raw city water treatment, attributed to its simplicity, low operational and maintenance cost, and high efficiency in removing natural organic contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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