Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106940
Min Deng , Yintao Shi , Meng Li , Hao Zhang , Huiyuan Deng , Dongsheng Xia
In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon-based materials (LC-CN-x) were prepared by one-pot calcination using g-C3N4 as nitrogen source, and PMS were activated for degradation of bisphenol AF. It was found that the addition of g-C3N4 regulated the defect degree and the configuration of nitrogen and oxygen species, and the total nitrogen content had a positive linear relationship with k up to R2 = 0.92. LC-CN-4 (4 is the amount of g-C3N4) has the highest degree of heteroatom doping defects and the best catalytic performance (reaction rate constant 0.1729 min−1). Characterization tests (XRD, Raman, XPS, etc.) and density functional theory calculations (DFT) revealed that atomic rearrangement induced extrinsic defects (pyrrole N and pyridine N) and oxygenated functional group (C=O/O−C=O) during the preparation process were more likely to adsorb PMS, which led to the degradation of BPAF through non-radical mechanisms. This study provides fundamental insights into the regulation of extrinsic defects through heteroatom doping, with the aim of improving the catalytic activity of metal-free materials.
{"title":"Enhanced non-radical activation of peroxymonosulfate by g-C3N4 modulated N-doped biochar: The role of extrinsic defects and oxygen-containing functional groups","authors":"Min Deng , Yintao Shi , Meng Li , Hao Zhang , Huiyuan Deng , Dongsheng Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon-based materials (LC-CN-x) were prepared by one-pot calcination using g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as nitrogen source, and PMS were activated for degradation of bisphenol AF. It was found that the addition of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> regulated the defect degree and the configuration of nitrogen and oxygen species, and the total nitrogen content had a positive linear relationship with <em>k</em> up to R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92. LC-CN-4 (4 is the amount of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) has the highest degree of heteroatom doping defects and the best catalytic performance (reaction rate constant 0.1729 min<sup>−1</sup>). Characterization tests (XRD, Raman, XPS, etc.) and density functional theory calculations (DFT) revealed that atomic rearrangement induced extrinsic defects (pyrrole N and pyridine N) and oxygenated functional group (C=O/O−C=O) during the preparation process were more likely to adsorb PMS, which led to the degradation of BPAF through non-radical mechanisms. This study provides fundamental insights into the regulation of extrinsic defects through heteroatom doping, with the aim of improving the catalytic activity of metal-free materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific community encounters two primary challenges in manufacturing biodiesel from algae. One of them relates to the economical cultivation, while the other problem points to productivity improvement. Co-cultivating microalgae and fungi hold significant potential for biomass and lipid production, offering both environmental and economic advantages. In view of these aspects, the present research has attempted to utilize kitchen effluents, including milk-whey (MW) and soya-chunk boiled water (SCBW), as media supplements in co-cultivation. To obtain highest possible production, the process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) methods. The ANN-GA resulted 2.5 and 4.2-fold increase in biomass and lipid respectively compared to the axenic algae culture. Thus, co-cultivating Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus awamori on medium enriched with mixed effluents provide cleaner water with COD removal efficiency of 75–80 % and valuable biomass for lipid production suitable for biodiesel application. Serial scale-up studies have been adopted from a 3 L (1.77 ± 0.02 g/L biomass, 0.4 ± 0.03 g/L lipid) flask to 10 L (1.87 ± 0.05 g/L biomass, 0.48 ± 0.02 g/L lipid) bubble column reactor. The bioremediation treatment has resulted in a 70 % increase in germination efficiency in C. arietinum and a 15 % increase in V. radiata compared to the germination efficiency of the untreated media. The FAMEs were examined using GC–MS to assess their appropriateness for biodiesel application. This work is unique in achieving improved biomass utilizing cost-effective waste effluents as supplements in an open condition with a reduced time. The produced biodiesel is at par with the standard requirement.
{"title":"A holistic approach of integrating AI-based optimization technique for improved productivity of phyco-myco co-cultivation","authors":"Sarveshwaran Saravanabhupathy , Sandipan Karmakar , Rintu Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific community encounters two primary challenges in manufacturing biodiesel from algae. One of them relates to the economical cultivation, while the other problem points to productivity improvement. Co-cultivating microalgae and fungi hold significant potential for biomass and lipid production, offering both environmental and economic advantages. In view of these aspects, the present research has attempted to utilize kitchen effluents, including milk-whey (MW) and soya-chunk boiled water (SCBW), as media supplements in co-cultivation. To obtain highest possible production, the process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) methods. The ANN-GA resulted 2.5 and 4.2-fold increase in biomass and lipid respectively compared to the axenic algae culture. Thus, co-cultivating <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and <em>Aspergillus awamori</em> on medium enriched with mixed effluents provide cleaner water with COD removal efficiency of 75–80 % and valuable biomass for lipid production suitable for biodiesel application. Serial scale-up studies have been adopted from a 3 L (1.77 ± 0.02 g/L biomass, 0.4 ± 0.03 g/L lipid) flask to 10 L (1.87 ± 0.05 g/L biomass, 0.48 ± 0.02 g/L lipid) bubble column reactor. The bioremediation treatment has resulted in a 70 % increase in germination efficiency in <em>C. arietinum</em> and a 15 % increase in <em>V. radiata</em> compared to the germination efficiency of the untreated media. The FAMEs were examined using GC–MS to assess their appropriateness for biodiesel application. This work is unique in achieving improved biomass utilizing cost-effective waste effluents as supplements in an open condition with a reduced time. The produced biodiesel is at par with the standard requirement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106952"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106895
S. Torres-Herrera , J. Palomares-Cortés , J.J. González-Cortés , D.F. Cubides-Páez , X. Gamisans , D. Cantero , M. Ramírez
The elevated ammonium content found in landfill leachate make it susceptible to nitrification. The resulting nitrate or nitrite makes this effluent a viable candidate for use as a final electron acceptor in anoxic biogas biodesulfurization systems. In the present study, the long-term operation (61 weeks) of a pilot-scale reactor (1 m3) using landfill leachate as an ammonium source is presented. During stage VII (weeks 39–41) of operation, the bioreactor achieved a maximum ammonium elimination capacity of 145.0 ± 11.5 g NH4+-N m−3 d−1 (RE = 99.9 %). At these conditions, the nitrate and nitrite production were 90.2 ± 7.2 g NO3−-N m−3 d−1 and 0.6 ± 0.2 g NO2−-N m−3 d−1, respectively. The process was affected by pH sensor failures and high leachate salinity, which caused additional stress on the system. The sensitivity of biomass to increasing concentrations of landfill leachate was modeled through respirometry tests, employing the Haldane model. Maximum substrate oxidation rate values were 8.89 and 5.91 mg N gVSS−1 h−1 for ammonium and nitrite substrates in lab-scale respirometry tests, respectively.
{"title":"Start-up and long-term operation of the nitrification process using landfill leachates in a pilot sequencing batch bioreactor","authors":"S. Torres-Herrera , J. Palomares-Cortés , J.J. González-Cortés , D.F. Cubides-Páez , X. Gamisans , D. Cantero , M. Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elevated ammonium content found in landfill leachate make it susceptible to nitrification. The resulting nitrate or nitrite makes this effluent a viable candidate for use as a final electron acceptor in anoxic biogas biodesulfurization systems. In the present study, the long-term operation (61 weeks) of a pilot-scale reactor (1 m<sup>3</sup>) using landfill leachate as an ammonium source is presented. During stage VII (weeks 39–41) of operation, the bioreactor achieved a maximum ammonium elimination capacity of 145.0 ± 11.5 g NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N m<sup>−3</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (RE = 99.9 %). At these conditions, the nitrate and nitrite production were 90.2 ± 7.2 g NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N m<sup>−3</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 0.6 ± 0.2 g NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N m<sup>−3</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The process was affected by pH sensor failures and high leachate salinity, which caused additional stress on the system. The sensitivity of biomass to increasing concentrations of landfill leachate was modeled through respirometry tests, employing the Haldane model. Maximum substrate oxidation rate values were 8.89 and 5.91 mg N gVSS<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> for ammonium and nitrite substrates in lab-scale respirometry tests, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106895"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106974
Ibrahim S.S. Alatawi , Renad Almughathawi , Marwah M.M. Madkhali , Nadiyah M. Alshammari , Omaymah Alaysuy , Amal T. Mogharbel , Mohamed Hosni , Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
This study introduces an eco-friendly approach to detect and remove Co(II) ions from electroplating effluents and lithium-ion battery wastes using a cobalt nanosensor (CNS). A repurposed cellulose template which was recovered from wastepaper (CNFsWP) was decorated with 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (HNNSA) ligand molecule, resulting in a highly sensitive and selective CNS. Through rigorous optimization, the CNS's performance is maximized by considering factors like pH, sensor amount, reaction time, probe concentration and temperature.
Advanced characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption, confirm the porous structure of the cellulose carrier, crucial for efficient cobalt ion capture. DFT calculations further explain the molecular interactions between the cellulose and Co(II), validating the selective binding mechanism.
The fabricated CNS demonstrates an exceptionally low detection limit for Co(II) down to 1.13 × 10−7 M, making it a talented candidate for practical applications in electroplating wastewater treatment. This sustainable solution offers a significant step towards mitigating heavy metal contamination and promoting environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Sustainable waste-derived cellulose-based nanosensor for cobalt ion detection, removal, and recovery from industrial effluents and battery wastes","authors":"Ibrahim S.S. Alatawi , Renad Almughathawi , Marwah M.M. Madkhali , Nadiyah M. Alshammari , Omaymah Alaysuy , Amal T. Mogharbel , Mohamed Hosni , Nashwa M. El-Metwaly","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an eco-friendly approach to detect and remove Co(II) ions from electroplating effluents and lithium-ion battery wastes using a cobalt nanosensor (CNS). A repurposed cellulose template which was recovered from wastepaper (CNFs<sub>WP</sub>) was decorated with 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (HNNSA) ligand molecule, resulting in a highly sensitive and selective CNS. Through rigorous optimization, the CNS's performance is maximized by considering factors like pH, sensor amount, reaction time, probe concentration and temperature.</div><div>Advanced characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption, confirm the porous structure of the cellulose carrier, crucial for efficient cobalt ion capture. DFT calculations further explain the molecular interactions between the cellulose and Co(II), validating the selective binding mechanism.</div><div>The fabricated CNS demonstrates an exceptionally low detection limit for Co(II) down to 1.13 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M, making it a talented candidate for practical applications in electroplating wastewater treatment. This sustainable solution offers a significant step towards mitigating heavy metal contamination and promoting environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106687
He Sun , Guohao Geng , Shilong Lin , Doufeng Wu , Sanchuan Yu , Congjie Gao
Addressing the environmental impact of toxic waste from hydrazine manufacturing is crucial due to its severe implications for ecosystem health. This study focused on optimizing the removal of organic pollutants from hydrazine hydrate waste brine. By utilizing thermally activated sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), a mathematical model was developed that links operational variables—temperature, Na2S2O8 concentration, pH, and reaction time—with the efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) incorporating the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) facilitated the identification of optimal conditions: Na2S2O8 concentration of 4.22 g·L−1, pH of 9.8, temperature of 90.0 °C, and reaction time of 180 min. These conditions achieved a TOC removal efficiency of 86.6 %, closely matching the actual experimental efficiency of 87.3 %. This study not only validates the effectiveness of RSM in refining the Na2S2O8 treatment process but also underscores the efficiency of thermally activated Na2S2O8 in purifying water from organic pollutants. The findings offer valuable insights into environmental management and endorse the sustainable development of waste treatment technologies.
{"title":"Optimizing organic pollutant removal from hydrazine hydrate waste brine through thermal activation of sodium persulfate assisted by response surface methodology","authors":"He Sun , Guohao Geng , Shilong Lin , Doufeng Wu , Sanchuan Yu , Congjie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the environmental impact of toxic waste from hydrazine manufacturing is crucial due to its severe implications for ecosystem health. This study focused on optimizing the removal of organic pollutants from hydrazine hydrate waste brine. By utilizing thermally activated sodium persulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>), a mathematical model was developed that links operational variables—temperature, Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> concentration, pH, and reaction time—with the efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) incorporating the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) facilitated the identification of optimal conditions: Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> concentration of 4.22 g·L<sup>−1</sup>, pH of 9.8, temperature of 90.0 °C, and reaction time of 180 min. These conditions achieved a TOC removal efficiency of 86.6 %, closely matching the actual experimental efficiency of 87.3 %. This study not only validates the effectiveness of RSM in refining the Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> treatment process but also underscores the efficiency of thermally activated Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> in purifying water from organic pollutants. The findings offer valuable insights into environmental management and endorse the sustainable development of waste treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106680
Le Chen , Muhammad Zubair , Guangming Zhang , Jinsong Liang , Panyue Zhang , Ying Li
Addressing the challenge of enhancing anaerobic wastewater treatment containing sulfate is a pressing concern. Adding quorum sensing signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is beneficial for improving anaerobic treatment performances. Previous studies focused on the impact of AHL addition on microbial communities, the role of AHL addition in functional metabolism and interspecies electron transfer (IET) is poorly understood. This study delved into the roles of AHLs in anaerobic wastewater treatment containing sulfate. AHLs expedited COD degradation and improved methane production, with a 15.49 % increase in methane production with 20 μM AHL addition. AHL addition enhanced electron transport system activity by 28.02 % and specific methanogenic activity by 22.61 %, suggesting an enhancement in microbial activity and methanogenic capability. Taxonomic analysis revealed the facilitation of AHL addition on symbiotic relationships between acidifying bacteria and methanogens. KEGG annotations highlighted upregulation of genes associated with key enzymes in acidification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis with AHL addition. AHLs also bolstered syntrophic metabolism by upregulating genes involved in IET processes, including H2 production and utilization, riboflavin synthesis and secretion, and conductive pili assembly and synthesis. This study bridges gaps in understanding the influence of AHL addition on microbial metabolism and electron transfer.
{"title":"Anaerobic wastewater treatment containing sulfate enhanced by N-acyl homoserine lactones: Microbial insights as deciphered by metagenomics","authors":"Le Chen , Muhammad Zubair , Guangming Zhang , Jinsong Liang , Panyue Zhang , Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the challenge of enhancing anaerobic wastewater treatment containing sulfate is a pressing concern. Adding quorum sensing signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is beneficial for improving anaerobic treatment performances. Previous studies focused on the impact of AHL addition on microbial communities, the role of AHL addition in functional metabolism and interspecies electron transfer (IET) is poorly understood. This study delved into the roles of AHLs in anaerobic wastewater treatment containing sulfate. AHLs expedited COD degradation and improved methane production, with a 15.49 % increase in methane production with 20 μM AHL addition. AHL addition enhanced electron transport system activity by 28.02 % and specific methanogenic activity by 22.61 %, suggesting an enhancement in microbial activity and methanogenic capability. Taxonomic analysis revealed the facilitation of AHL addition on symbiotic relationships between acidifying bacteria and methanogens. KEGG annotations highlighted upregulation of genes associated with key enzymes in acidification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis with AHL addition. AHLs also bolstered syntrophic metabolism by upregulating genes involved in IET processes, including H<sub>2</sub> production and utilization, riboflavin synthesis and secretion, and conductive pili assembly and synthesis. This study bridges gaps in understanding the influence of AHL addition on microbial metabolism and electron transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrothermal carbonization approach applies to waste management, clean water supply, and the creation of valuable materials. An appropriate adsorbent using bagasse and sewage sludge was synthesized via co-hydrothermal carbonization for efficient lead removal. The effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity, hydrochar yield, and synergistic properties was thoroughly examined. Results showed that sensitive positive adsorption synergy occurred at higher sludge/bagasse ratios, while moderate positive and negative yield synergy was achieved at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Due to the co-hydrothermal carbonization process, the maximum experimental adsorption capacity increased from 105 to 140 mg/g compared to the predicted value. In addition, during the first 10 min of adsorption, mean adsorption speeds of 108 mg/g and 75 mg/g were achieved for experimental and predicted values, respectively. Moreover, at an equilibrium concentration of 0.5 mg/g, the experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity increased from 42.2 to 98.3 mg/g compared to the expected value. This foundational research provides basic information on the adsorption ability of hydrochar in the co-hydrothermal carbonization process and presents an environmentally friendly approach to waste management and clean water supply.
{"title":"A comprehensive synergistic study of process parameters on co-hydrothermal carbonization of digested sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse: Hydrochar yield, lead adsorption capacity, and physicochemical properties","authors":"Mohamad Ebrahim Malool, Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrothermal carbonization approach applies to waste management, clean water supply, and the creation of valuable materials. An appropriate adsorbent using bagasse and sewage sludge was synthesized via co-hydrothermal carbonization for efficient lead removal. The effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity, hydrochar yield, and synergistic properties was thoroughly examined. Results showed that sensitive positive adsorption synergy occurred at higher sludge/bagasse ratios, while moderate positive and negative yield synergy was achieved at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Due to the co-hydrothermal carbonization process, the maximum experimental adsorption capacity increased from 105 to 140 mg/g compared to the predicted value. In addition, during the first 10 min of adsorption, mean adsorption speeds of 108 mg/g and 75 mg/g were achieved for experimental and predicted values, respectively. Moreover, at an equilibrium concentration of 0.5 mg/g, the experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity increased from 42.2 to 98.3 mg/g compared to the expected value. This foundational research provides basic information on the adsorption ability of hydrochar in the co-hydrothermal carbonization process and presents an environmentally friendly approach to waste management and clean water supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106724
Praveen Rajpurohit, Manaswini Behera
Constructed wetlands (CWs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are efficient and cost-effective methods for wastewater treatment. This study utilized a novel coupled CW-MFC system employing a ceramic separator to treat domestic wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) range of 200–800 mg/L and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12–24 h. The novelty lies in the use of Epipremnum aureum as a floating macrophyte in the anode chamber and as a cathodic plant, eliminating the need for external aeration and enhancing overall system performance. This plant was selected for its high radial oxygen loss, adaptability to aquatic environments, and ability to improve COD and nutrient removal efficiencies. Dolochar was employed as an adsorbent to achieve phosphorus and non-biodegradable organic removal. The maximum COD RE of 94 % and power density of 4.9 W/m3 (COD-200 mg/L, HRT-24 h) were observed in the CW-MFC. With cathodic plants in the cathodic compartment, NH4+, NO3−, and TN removal were 81.5 %, 56.9 %, and 72.9 %, respectively, with a PO43− removal of 42 %. NO3− removal doubled, and PO43− removal increased 2.2 times with cathodic plants. Phosphorus removal after adsorption reached a maximum of 66 %, and COD removal increased to 94.6 %. The coupled CW-MFC system demonstrated high efficiency in COD removal, power generation, and nutrient removal, making it promising for sustainable wastewater treatment.
{"title":"High-strength domestic wastewater treatment using Epipremnum aureum as the cathodic plant in a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell","authors":"Praveen Rajpurohit, Manaswini Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructed wetlands (CWs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are efficient and cost-effective methods for wastewater treatment. This study utilized a novel coupled CW-MFC system employing a ceramic separator to treat domestic wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) range of 200–800 mg/L and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12–24 h. The novelty lies in the use of <em>Epipremnum aureum</em> as a floating macrophyte in the anode chamber and as a cathodic plant, eliminating the need for external aeration and enhancing overall system performance. This plant was selected for its high radial oxygen loss, adaptability to aquatic environments, and ability to improve COD and nutrient removal efficiencies. Dolochar was employed as an adsorbent to achieve phosphorus and non-biodegradable organic removal. The maximum COD RE of 94 % and power density of 4.9 W/m<sup>3</sup> (COD-200 mg/L, HRT-24 h) were observed in the CW-MFC. With cathodic plants in the cathodic compartment, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and TN removal were 81.5 %, 56.9 %, and 72.9 %, respectively, with a PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal of 42 %. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> removal doubled, and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal increased 2.2 times with cathodic plants. Phosphorus removal after adsorption reached a maximum of 66 %, and COD removal increased to 94.6 %. The coupled CW-MFC system demonstrated high efficiency in COD removal, power generation, and nutrient removal, making it promising for sustainable wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106682
Bing Yang , Ying Qiu , Qiuping Luo , Xiangfu Huang , Yurui Li , Shijie Zhou , Mengnuo Wang , Mingyan Chen , Lili Ma , Lingli Li , Yucheng Liu
Halide ions may diminish organics' removal performance of high-salinity organic wastewater pretreated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, their impact on oxidant utilization efficiency and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the degradation performance of the UV/H2O2 process under high concentrations of Cl− and Br− was comprehensively evaluated, focusing on phenol mineralization, H2O2 utilization efficiency, and halogenated byproduct formation. Cl− and Br− significantly inhibited phenol mineralization, with Br− exhibiting more pronounced inhibition. The decreased formation rate of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the presence of halide ions resulted from the accumulation of intermediates and halogenated byproducts shielding UV light, as indicated by a 1–3 times increase in absorbance at 254 nm. The mathematical model proved that a higher proportion of reactive radicals (•OH and halogen radicals) reacting with H2O2 would result in a greater amount of H2O2 invalidly decomposing into oxygen. H2O2 utilization efficiency increased by >17 % in the presence of Cl− at pH 8, but significantly decreased in the presence of Br−. The distinction was attributed to over 95 % of Br• reacting with H2O2, which is much higher than the fraction of Cl•. Furthermore, elevating the pH from 3 to 8 mitigated the inhibitory effects and alleviated the acute toxicity of halogenated byproducts. These novel findings provide critical insights for the efficient treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater with UV-activated and H2O2-based AOPs.
{"title":"Unveiling the neglected impacts of halide ions on phenol removal in UV/H2O2 system: Light shielding and oxidant utilization efficiency","authors":"Bing Yang , Ying Qiu , Qiuping Luo , Xiangfu Huang , Yurui Li , Shijie Zhou , Mengnuo Wang , Mingyan Chen , Lili Ma , Lingli Li , Yucheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Halide ions may diminish organics' removal performance of high-salinity organic wastewater pretreated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, their impact on oxidant utilization efficiency and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the degradation performance of the UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> process under high concentrations of Cl<sup>−</sup> and Br<sup>−</sup> was comprehensively evaluated, focusing on phenol mineralization, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency, and halogenated byproduct formation. Cl<sup>−</sup> and Br<sup>−</sup> significantly inhibited phenol mineralization, with Br<sup>−</sup> exhibiting more pronounced inhibition. The decreased formation rate of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the presence of halide ions resulted from the accumulation of intermediates and halogenated byproducts shielding UV light, as indicated by a 1–3 times increase in absorbance at 254 nm. The mathematical model proved that a higher proportion of reactive radicals (•OH and halogen radicals) reacting with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> would result in a greater amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> invalidly decomposing into oxygen. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency increased by >17 % in the presence of Cl<sup>−</sup> at pH 8, but significantly decreased in the presence of Br<sup>−</sup>. The distinction was attributed to over 95 % of Br• reacting with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which is much higher than the fraction of Cl•. Furthermore, elevating the pH from 3 to 8 mitigated the inhibitory effects and alleviated the acute toxicity of halogenated byproducts. These novel findings provide critical insights for the efficient treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater with UV-activated and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-based AOPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106669
Mohamed Yateh , Cheng Li , Fengting Li , Chunping Gu , Shunjun Ma , Binbin Lu , Yulin Tang
Urban drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) depend on energy-chemical-intensive processes to treat drinking water, leading to carbon emissions during their operations. Variations in water quality parameters during these treatments may influence the emissions and efficiency of these plants. Thus, this study conducted a systematic assessment of carbon emissions accounting through the emission factor method in two urban DWTPs. Subsequently, multivariate and regression analyses were conducted to better understand the statistical relationships between energy, chemicals, and water quality parameters. Results show that the total carbon emissions intensity for both plants amounted to 0.328 kgCO₂-eq/m3, with treatment systems, chemicals, sludge, and facilities responsible for 60 %, 35.6 %, 2.5 %, and 1.9 %, respectively. Chemicals like polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were significant contributors to both plants, emitting 0.089 kgCO2-eq/m3 of the total carbon emissions. The emissions intensity for both plants varies due to the continuous pumping and the chemicals used for treatment. However, the addition of CO2 significantly reduces carbon emissions for the conventional treatment stages in one of the DWTPs. The regression and relative importance analysis conducted on carbon emission intensity, water quality parameters, and chemicals showed that the model is a good fit for understanding the variations in chemical and carbon emissions. Factors such as water temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, and permanganate were found to significantly influence the DWTPs. Conclusions of previous energy versus water supply studies, combined with findings from this research, indicate that the influence of climate change on DWTPs may vary depending on the location and individual processes involved.
{"title":"Understanding the influence of energy and chemical use on water treatment plants carbon emissions accounting","authors":"Mohamed Yateh , Cheng Li , Fengting Li , Chunping Gu , Shunjun Ma , Binbin Lu , Yulin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) depend on energy-chemical-intensive processes to treat drinking water, leading to carbon emissions during their operations. Variations in water quality parameters during these treatments may influence the emissions and efficiency of these plants. Thus, this study conducted a systematic assessment of carbon emissions accounting through the emission factor method in two urban DWTPs. Subsequently, multivariate and regression analyses were conducted to better understand the statistical relationships between energy, chemicals, and water quality parameters. Results show that the total carbon emissions intensity for both plants amounted to 0.328 kgCO₂-eq/m<sup>3</sup>, with treatment systems, chemicals, sludge, and facilities responsible for 60 %, 35.6 %, 2.5 %, and 1.9 %, respectively. Chemicals like polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were significant contributors to both plants, emitting 0.089 kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq/m<sup>3</sup> of the total carbon emissions. The emissions intensity for both plants varies due to the continuous pumping and the chemicals used for treatment. However, the addition of CO<sub>2</sub> significantly reduces carbon emissions for the conventional treatment stages in one of the DWTPs. The regression and relative importance analysis conducted on carbon emission intensity, water quality parameters, and chemicals showed that the model is a good fit for understanding the variations in chemical and carbon emissions. Factors such as water temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, and permanganate were found to significantly influence the DWTPs. Conclusions of previous energy versus water supply studies, combined with findings from this research, indicate that the influence of climate change on DWTPs may vary depending on the location and individual processes involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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