This investigation compared the roles of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and magnetite (Fe3O4) in food waste anaerobic digestion. The results showed that both additives enhanced greatly the CH4 production rate and CH4 yield, and ZVI had a better promoting effect. The addition of ZVI or Fe3O4 reduced the lag phase of methanogenesis by 73.51 % and 54.22 %, respectively, and increased the maximum CH4 production rate and CH4 yield by 67.43 % and 24.39 %, 37.91 % and 12.86 %, respectively. The ZVI chemical corrosion and Fe3O4 biochemical reduction played a key role in promoting AD performance. The additives promoted the activity of co-enzyme 420, thereby accelerating the CH4 production. Additionally, the additives facilitate hydrolysis by improving the activities of the protease and α-amylase, thereby increasing the CH4 yield. Compared with Fe3O4, ZVI had a better up-regulatory effect on key enzyme activities, resulting in higher CH4 production rate and CH4 yield. Fe3O4 favoured the growth of Syntrophomonadaceae and Methanosaeta, whereas ZVI favoured the growth of more syntrophic bacteria (i.e., Syntrophomonadaceae, Syntrophobacter, and Syntrophorhabdus) and Methanosarcina. This study suggests that the ZVI is more attractive for enhancing industrial scale AD processes due to its superior performance, and greater abundance compared to Fe3O4.
{"title":"Alleviating acid stress in food waste anaerobic digestion by zero-valent iron and magnetite","authors":"Tugui Yuan , Wenxiang Zhang , Xuejiao Qiao , Qiyong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation compared the roles of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) in food waste anaerobic digestion. The results showed that both additives enhanced greatly the CH<sub>4</sub> production rate and CH<sub>4</sub> yield, and ZVI had a better promoting effect. The addition of ZVI or Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> reduced the lag phase of methanogenesis by 73.51 % and 54.22 %, respectively, and increased the maximum CH<sub>4</sub> production rate and CH<sub>4</sub> yield by 67.43 % and 24.39 %, 37.91 % and 12.86 %, respectively. The ZVI chemical corrosion and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> biochemical reduction played a key role in promoting AD performance. The additives promoted the activity of co-enzyme 420, thereby accelerating the CH<sub>4</sub> production. Additionally, the additives facilitate hydrolysis by improving the activities of the protease and α-amylase, thereby increasing the CH<sub>4</sub> yield. Compared with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ZVI had a better up-regulatory effect on key enzyme activities, resulting in higher CH<sub>4</sub> production rate and CH<sub>4</sub> yield. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> favoured the growth of <em>Syntrophomonadaceae</em> and <em>Methanosaeta</em>, whereas ZVI favoured the growth of more syntrophic bacteria (i.e., <em>Syntrophomonadaceae</em>, <em>Syntrophobacter</em>, and <em>Syntrophorhabdus</em>) and <em>Methanosarcina</em>. This study suggests that the ZVI is more attractive for enhancing industrial scale AD processes due to its superior performance, and greater abundance compared to Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107240
Qi Wang , Akshay A. Ransing , D.B. Mahadik , Puttavva Meti , Haryeong Choi , Taehee Kim , Hyung-Ho Park
The refluxing method was used to prepare a bridged silicon precursor, in which different numbers of benzene rings (hydroquinone and 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl as the organic components) were added as bridges between silica clusters. Using this precursor, phenyl-bridged silica aerogels were synthesized via the sol-gel method, followed by supercritical drying. The phenyl-bridged silica aerogels possessed a homogeneous cage-like network with a high specific surface area (1510 m2/g), low bulk density, and high strength (1.79 MPa). Further, the phenyl-bridged silica aerogels were amino functionalized to remove heavy metal ions. The removal efficiencies of these amino-modified aerogels for Pb2+ via adsorption were found to be high (99.95 %) owing to the high-surface-area nanostructured silica network. The maximum adsorption capacity fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model was 704.225 mg g−1 and the outstanding selectivity for Pb2+. Hence, phenyl-bridged amino-modified silica aerogels have high potential for use in applications such as removing heavy metal ions.
{"title":"Phenyl-bridged silica aerogels with enhanced textural and mechanical properties for heavy metal removal","authors":"Qi Wang , Akshay A. Ransing , D.B. Mahadik , Puttavva Meti , Haryeong Choi , Taehee Kim , Hyung-Ho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The refluxing method was used to prepare a bridged silicon precursor, in which different numbers of benzene rings (hydroquinone and 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl as the organic components) were added as bridges between silica clusters. Using this precursor, phenyl-bridged silica aerogels were synthesized via the sol-gel method, followed by supercritical drying. The phenyl-bridged silica aerogels possessed a homogeneous cage-like network with a high specific surface area (1510 m<sup>2</sup>/g), low bulk density, and high strength (1.79 MPa). Further, the phenyl-bridged silica aerogels were amino functionalized to remove heavy metal ions. The removal efficiencies of these amino-modified aerogels for Pb<sup>2+</sup> via adsorption were found to be high (99.95 %) owing to the high-surface-area nanostructured silica network. The maximum adsorption capacity fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model was 704.225 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and the outstanding selectivity for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Hence, phenyl-bridged amino-modified silica aerogels have high potential for use in applications such as removing heavy metal ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107259
Alibasha Akbar , M. Bhavani Lakshmi , Tonoy K. Das , Mihir Ghosh
This review spotlights the transformative potential of spinel ferrite compositions in revolutionizing wastewater remediation, particularly in eliminating toxic dyes and heavy metals. With their versatile cubic structures and finely tunable compositions, spinel ferrites emerge as powerful catalysts capable of driving efficient photocatalytic and adsorptive processes. Spinel ferrites have demonstrated up to 99.5% degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) within 90 min and completely removed other dyes like methyl orange (MO) under optimal conditions. By honing in on the intricate role of metal ion variations within the spinel lattice, this review uncovers how these compositional tweaks dramatically enhance catalytic performance, optimize band gaps, and boost magnetic properties. The discussion emphasizes how compositional variations, such as doping with rare-earth metals, which increased dye degradation efficiency by 97.76 % in cobalt‑zinc ferrites. Beyond their lab-scale potential, we address the critical challenges of scaling these materials for real-world applications, including their reusability, long-term stability, and commercial viability. This comprehensive analysis underscores the promise of spinel ferrites as next-generation materials in the quest for sustainable and effective water purification.
{"title":"Spinel ferrites in the photocatalytic and adsorptive remediation of dyes and heavy metals: A review","authors":"Alibasha Akbar , M. Bhavani Lakshmi , Tonoy K. Das , Mihir Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review spotlights the transformative potential of spinel ferrite compositions in revolutionizing wastewater remediation, particularly in eliminating toxic dyes and heavy metals. With their versatile cubic structures and finely tunable compositions, spinel ferrites emerge as powerful catalysts capable of driving efficient photocatalytic and adsorptive processes. Spinel ferrites have demonstrated up to 99.5% degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) within 90 min and completely removed other dyes like methyl orange (MO) under optimal conditions. By honing in on the intricate role of metal ion variations within the spinel lattice, this review uncovers how these compositional tweaks dramatically enhance catalytic performance, optimize band gaps, and boost magnetic properties. The discussion emphasizes how compositional variations, such as doping with rare-earth metals, which increased dye degradation efficiency by 97.76 % in cobalt‑zinc ferrites. Beyond their lab-scale potential, we address the critical challenges of scaling these materials for real-world applications, including their reusability, long-term stability, and commercial viability. This comprehensive analysis underscores the promise of spinel ferrites as next-generation materials in the quest for sustainable and effective water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contamination of natural water through point and non-point sources can degrade the quality of urban waterways risking the health of humans and aquatic animals. While the presence of anthropogenic compounds in various natural water bodies has been well studied, there is not much information in the literature on the simultaneous application of chemical and biological markers for identification of diffuse source contamination. In this work, a fingerprint for detecting untreated sewage in urban waterways is developed by associating a suite of 25 reliable chemical markers and 5 source-specific biomarkers. 12 outfall samples, 32 surface water samples, and two groundwater samples were studied. With few exceptions all target chemical markers were detected in study samples. Sucralose and acesulfame were detected in all water matrices including groundwater, and acetaminophen was detected with the highest median concentration. Human-associated biomarkers, Bacteroidales (BacH) and F-RNA-II coliphages correlated well with several labile chemical markers such as Nicotine, Caffeine, Ibuprofen and Naproxen (0.42–0.75, p < 0.05). They were also moderately to strongly associated with conservative chemical markers Acesulfame, Metformin, and Triclocarban (0.46–0.79, p < 0.05). Human mitochondrial DNA MitoH correlated moderately with labile markers nicotine and salicylic acid as well as with conservative markers Metformin and Triclocarban (0.31–0.47, p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that by associating chemical and biological markers, a robust technique was developed for fingerprinting source-specific untreated waste and fecal contamination in natural water resources.
{"title":"Application of anthropogenic chemical and biological markers to characterize receiving urban waterways for untreated sanitary waste","authors":"Stafford Stewart, Hui Yu, Gangadhar Andaluri, Manisha Choudhary, Achinta Bordoloi, Rominder P.S. Suri","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contamination of natural water through point and non-point sources can degrade the quality of urban waterways risking the health of humans and aquatic animals. While the presence of anthropogenic compounds in various natural water bodies has been well studied, there is not much information in the literature on the simultaneous application of chemical and biological markers for identification of diffuse source contamination. In this work, a fingerprint for detecting untreated sewage in urban waterways is developed by associating a suite of 25 reliable chemical markers and 5 source-specific biomarkers. 12 outfall samples, 32 surface water samples, and two groundwater samples were studied. With few exceptions all target chemical markers were detected in study samples. Sucralose and acesulfame were detected in all water matrices including groundwater, and acetaminophen was detected with the highest median concentration. Human-associated biomarkers, <em>Bacteroidales</em> (<em>BacH</em>) and F-RNA-II coliphages correlated well with several labile chemical markers such as Nicotine, Caffeine, Ibuprofen and Naproxen (0.42–0.75, p < 0.05). They were also moderately to strongly associated with conservative chemical markers Acesulfame, Metformin, and Triclocarban (0.46–0.79, p < 0.05). Human mitochondrial DNA MitoH correlated moderately with labile markers nicotine and salicylic acid as well as with conservative markers Metformin and Triclocarban (0.31–0.47, p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that by associating chemical and biological markers, a robust technique was developed for fingerprinting source-specific untreated waste and fecal contamination in natural water resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107210
R. Jiménez-Robles , M. Izquierdo , V. Martínez-Soria , R. Hervás-Martínez , T. Montoya , F. Sempere
Membrane contactors offer a promising feasible alternative to conventional desorption units due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio and operational flexibility. In this regard, a hollow fibre membrane contactor (HFMC) was coupled to a biogas desulphurisation reactor at pilot scale to recover the dissolved CH4 (D-CH4) present in the liquid effluent. To determine the effects of the operational parameters in the separation efficiency, different liquid (QL = 0.7–3 L min−1) and sweep gas flow rates (QG = 0.05–1 L min−1) were tested using a polypropylene HFMC. The D-CH4 removal efficiency (RE) was strongly dependent on the QL with a negligible effect of the QG, since the liquid phase boundary layer governed the mass transport. Thus, REs up to 70 % were obtained at QL ≤ 1 L min−1 feeding the liquid through the shell side. On the contrary, the CH4 content in the recovered gas was always quite low (<20 %) due to the sweep gas dilution effect and the simultaneous desorption of CO2. In log-term operation, a considerable loss of efficiency was observed when fouling appeared, therefore, different physical and chemical cleaning strategies were investigated. The permanent decline in the RE suggested a significant amount of irreversible fouling which hindered the cleaning efficiency, denoting the need of preventive cleanings. The analysis of the fibre surface elucidated an organic dense fouling cake, biofouling from bacteria and algae, and anhydrite scaling (CaSO4). Importantly, this study demonstrated that this process is an attractive prospect to avoid diffuse emissions and recover an energy vector.
{"title":"Membrane contactor performance for the dissolved methane recovery from the liquid effluent of a desulphurisation reactor for biogas purification: Evaluation of operating conditions, fouling and cleaning strategies","authors":"R. Jiménez-Robles , M. Izquierdo , V. Martínez-Soria , R. Hervás-Martínez , T. Montoya , F. Sempere","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane contactors offer a promising feasible alternative to conventional desorption units due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio and operational flexibility. In this regard, a hollow fibre membrane contactor (HFMC) was coupled to a biogas desulphurisation reactor at pilot scale to recover the dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> (D-CH<sub>4</sub>) present in the liquid effluent. To determine the effects of the operational parameters in the separation efficiency, different liquid (Q<sub>L</sub> = 0.7–3 L min<sup>−1</sup>) and sweep gas flow rates (Q<sub>G</sub> = 0.05–1 L min<sup>−1</sup>) were tested using a polypropylene HFMC. The D-CH<sub>4</sub> removal efficiency (RE) was strongly dependent on the Q<sub>L</sub> with a negligible effect of the Q<sub>G</sub>, since the liquid phase boundary layer governed the mass transport. Thus, REs up to 70 % were obtained at Q<sub>L</sub> ≤ 1 L min<sup>−1</sup> feeding the liquid through the shell side. On the contrary, the CH<sub>4</sub> content in the recovered gas was always quite low (<20 %) due to the sweep gas dilution effect and the simultaneous desorption of CO<sub>2</sub>. In log-term operation, a considerable loss of efficiency was observed when fouling appeared, therefore, different physical and chemical cleaning strategies were investigated. The permanent decline in the RE suggested a significant amount of irreversible fouling which hindered the cleaning efficiency, denoting the need of preventive cleanings. The analysis of the fibre surface elucidated an organic dense fouling cake, biofouling from bacteria and algae, and anhydrite scaling (CaSO<sub>4</sub>). Importantly, this study demonstrated that this process is an attractive prospect to avoid diffuse emissions and recover an energy vector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107217
Mintesinot Dessalegn Dabaro, Meseret Ethiopia Guye, Hern Kim
Releasing urea-enriched wastewater from urea industries and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) threatens human health and aquatic environments. The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a dual benefit: reducing wastewater pollution and producing green hydrogen via wastewater splitting. Meanwhile, 4-NP reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) provides an added advantage, as 4-AP is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, layered Co3O4 nanosheets with exposed (220) facets were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal post-air-annealing method using cobalt acetate and urea without additives. The air-annealing temperature was critical, with the sample annealed at 500 °C (H120-500) exhibiting optimized nanosheets with exposed (220) facets, enhancing diffusion and electron transfer during UOR. H120-500 demonstrated superior performance, achieving a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.1493 s−1, a current density of 250 mA cm−2, stability over 72 h, a Tafel slope of 22.4 mV·dec−1, and requiring only 1.37 V vs RHE to reach 10 mA cm−2, surpassing state-of-the-art cobalt-based UOR electrocatalysts. Additionally, H120-500 achieved 99.64 % efficiency in reducing 4-NP to 4-AP within 2 min, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) of 2.63 × 10−2 s−1 and durability over seven cycles. This approach offers a sustainable pathway for environmental remediation and green hydrogen production.
{"title":"(220) facet exposed layered Co3O4: A bifunctional catalyst for electrochemical urea oxidation, and rapid 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-aminophenol","authors":"Mintesinot Dessalegn Dabaro, Meseret Ethiopia Guye, Hern Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Releasing urea-enriched wastewater from urea industries and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) threatens human health and aquatic environments. The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a dual benefit: reducing wastewater pollution and producing green hydrogen via wastewater splitting. Meanwhile, 4-NP reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) provides an added advantage, as 4-AP is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, layered Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanosheets with exposed (220) facets were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal post-air-annealing method using cobalt acetate and urea without additives. The air-annealing temperature was critical, with the sample annealed at 500 °C (H<sub>120</sub>-500) exhibiting optimized nanosheets with exposed (220) facets, enhancing diffusion and electron transfer during UOR. H<sub>120</sub>-500 demonstrated superior performance, achieving a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.1493 s<sup>−1</sup>, a current density of 250 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, stability over 72 h, a Tafel slope of 22.4 mV·dec<sup>−1</sup>, and requiring only 1.37 V vs RHE to reach 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, surpassing state-of-the-art cobalt-based UOR electrocatalysts. Additionally, H<sub>120</sub>-500 achieved 99.64 % efficiency in reducing 4-NP to 4-AP within 2 min, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) of 2.63 × 10<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and durability over seven cycles. This approach offers a sustainable pathway for environmental remediation and green hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107209
Yuchen Du, Xingze Li, Lingling Lai, Ru Wang
In this study, a magnesium-air fuel cell (Mg-O₂-FC) was adopted to treat anaerobic digested wastewater, and long-term operation was conducted to evaluate its applicability in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal efficiencies. The results showed that the phosphorus and ammonium removal efficiencies were 96.76 % and 48.08 %, respectively, when the Mg-O₂-FC was operated in sequential batch mode for six cycles. Meanwhile, a two-stage approach named MaFuce-T further enhanced the ammonium and phosphorus removal efficiencies of the Mg-O₂-FC and maximized the utilization of magnesium resource, achieving optimal recovery of ammonium and phosphorus resources in the form of struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O). Under this approach, the volumetric removal rates of 3.26 kg/(m3·d) for phosphate and 8.79 kg/(m3·d) for ammonium, with magnesium ion utilization efficiency of 64.04 %. Under the maximum lifespan of the magnesium plate (24 h), this MaFuce-T approach increased the amount of phosphate removed by approximately 3.47 times, while ammonium removal by roughly 1.02 times. By SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD qualitative analysis, the product was determined as struvite with a purity of 86.81 %. Furthermore, the maximum output voltage generated by the fuel cell was recorded at 0.42 V, with a power output of 10.50 mW·h. This approach demonstrated significant economic potential and contributes to the sustainable development of anaerobic digested wastewater treatment systems.
{"title":"Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from anaerobic digested wastewater with struvite recovery using magnesium-air fuel cell","authors":"Yuchen Du, Xingze Li, Lingling Lai, Ru Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a magnesium-air fuel cell (Mg-O₂-FC) was adopted to treat anaerobic digested wastewater, and long-term operation was conducted to evaluate its applicability in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal efficiencies. The results showed that the phosphorus and ammonium removal efficiencies were 96.76 % and 48.08 %, respectively, when the Mg-O₂-FC was operated in sequential batch mode for six cycles. Meanwhile, a two-stage approach named MaFuce-T further enhanced the ammonium and phosphorus removal efficiencies of the Mg-O₂-FC and maximized the utilization of magnesium resource, achieving optimal recovery of ammonium and phosphorus resources in the form of struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O). Under this approach, the volumetric removal rates of 3.26 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d) for phosphate and 8.79 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d) for ammonium, with magnesium ion utilization efficiency of 64.04 %. Under the maximum lifespan of the magnesium plate (24 h), this MaFuce-T approach increased the amount of phosphate removed by approximately 3.47 times, while ammonium removal by roughly 1.02 times. By SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD qualitative analysis, the product was determined as struvite with a purity of 86.81 %. Furthermore, the maximum output voltage generated by the fuel cell was recorded at 0.42 V, with a power output of 10.50 mW·h. This approach demonstrated significant economic potential and contributes to the sustainable development of anaerobic digested wastewater treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107209"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107250
Chen Zhao , Yiheng Wang , Nianping Wang , Ruilin Chen , Rui Yin , Xiangxi Li
The in-situ growth of ZnO is often used to modify membrane surface for enhanced hydrophilic and antibacterial properties due to significant modification effect, simple process and low cost. Nonetheless, some polymer membranes (such as PVDF membrane) lack active sites for ZnO growth on their surfaces, resulting in a small number of particles and unstable binding. This study utilized PDA/PEI to modify PVDF membranes for adequate active sites to capture Zn2+ ions via the chelation action. Thereafter, nano ZnO can be synthesized easily via the alkalization reaction and thermal breakdown of Zn2+. Upon improving the modification conditions, ZnO particles were evenly distributed on the PVDF membrane's surface, leading to a reduction in membrane pore size from 0.38 nm to 0.29 nm. The water contact angle of the ZnO/PDA-PEI modified membrane dropped from 130° to 19°, indicating a significant enhancement in hydrophilicity. The modified membrane demonstrated enhanced anti-fouling performance in the oil/water separation experiment, achieving a steady permeance of 298 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, which was sixfold that of the original membrane. In the antibacterial experiment, the modified membrane exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against both E. coli and S. aureus.
{"title":"Preparation of ZnO/PDA-PEI/PVDF antibacterial hydrophilic membranes for highly efficient oil/water emulsion separation","authors":"Chen Zhao , Yiheng Wang , Nianping Wang , Ruilin Chen , Rui Yin , Xiangxi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The in-situ growth of ZnO is often used to modify membrane surface for enhanced hydrophilic and antibacterial properties due to significant modification effect, simple process and low cost. Nonetheless, some polymer membranes (such as PVDF membrane) lack active sites for ZnO growth on their surfaces, resulting in a small number of particles and unstable binding. This study utilized PDA/PEI to modify PVDF membranes for adequate active sites to capture Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions via the chelation action. Thereafter, nano ZnO can be synthesized easily via the alkalization reaction and thermal breakdown of Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Upon improving the modification conditions, ZnO particles were evenly distributed on the PVDF membrane's surface, leading to a reduction in membrane pore size from 0.38 nm to 0.29 nm. The water contact angle of the ZnO/PDA-PEI modified membrane dropped from 130° to 19°, indicating a significant enhancement in hydrophilicity. The modified membrane demonstrated enhanced anti-fouling performance in the oil/water separation experiment, achieving a steady permeance of 298 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·bar<sup>−1</sup>, which was sixfold that of the original membrane. In the antibacterial experiment, the modified membrane exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against both <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of treatment wetlands (TWs), as a nature-based solution, in mitigating persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their interactions with existing treatment flowsheets remain unclear. This study investigated PFAS removal in two full-scale surface flow TWs treating secondary effluent from different domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The systems demonstrated their capacities to safeguard natural water bodies by achieving discharge levels of the legacy PFOS (4–4.6 ng L−1) and PFOA (1.79–3.27 ng L−1) with removal efficiencies of 29%–38% and 15%–34%, respectively. Further upstream and downstream water quality monitoring in receiving waters is required to accurately evaluate PFAS contributions from WWTP effluents. Partitioning behaviour analysis revealed that sediment adsorption was the dominant removal pathway, achieving removal rates 16–61 times higher than plant uptake for PFOS and 1.8–6 times higher for PFOA. Sediment iron content, depth, and bulk density were positively correlated with PFAS sequestration, highlighting their importance in controlling PFAS mobility. PFOS accumulation in the sediment was greater in the TW for the WWTP dosing with ferric sulphate than the WWTP without chemical dosing (2.80 mg m−2 y−1 vs. 1.34 mg m−2 y−1). Notably, a conventional mass balance analysis was challenged by the transformation of PFAS precursors into terminal compounds, including PFOS and PFOA, potentially inflating input concentrations and contributing to mass imbalance during treatment. Further research is necessary to address these complexities, but the findings are encouraging for the use of TWs as scalable, eco-friendly solutions for mitigating PFAS pollution and are instructive for optimising wetland design and operation to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Partitioning and removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in full-scale surface flow treatment wetlands with different upstream wastewater treatment","authors":"Chiara Sarti , Ayisha Affo Souleymane , Gabriela Dotro , Alessandra Cincinelli , Tao Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of treatment wetlands (TWs), as a nature-based solution, in mitigating persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their interactions with existing treatment flowsheets remain unclear. This study investigated PFAS removal in two full-scale surface flow TWs treating secondary effluent from different domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The systems demonstrated their capacities to safeguard natural water bodies by achieving discharge levels of the legacy PFOS (4–4.6 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) and PFOA (1.79–3.27 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) with removal efficiencies of 29%–38% and 15%–34%, respectively. Further upstream and downstream water quality monitoring in receiving waters is required to accurately evaluate PFAS contributions from WWTP effluents. Partitioning behaviour analysis revealed that sediment adsorption was the dominant removal pathway, achieving removal rates 16–61 times higher than plant uptake for PFOS and 1.8–6 times higher for PFOA. Sediment iron content, depth, and bulk density were positively correlated with PFAS sequestration, highlighting their importance in controlling PFAS mobility. PFOS accumulation in the sediment was greater in the TW for the WWTP dosing with ferric sulphate than the WWTP without chemical dosing (2.80 mg m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> vs. 1.34 mg m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>). Notably, a conventional mass balance analysis was challenged by the transformation of PFAS precursors into terminal compounds, including PFOS and PFOA, potentially inflating input concentrations and contributing to mass imbalance during treatment. Further research is necessary to address these complexities, but the findings are encouraging for the use of TWs as scalable, eco-friendly solutions for mitigating PFAS pollution and are instructive for optimising wetland design and operation to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hunt for low-cost, high-efficiency catalysts has long been a priority in wastewater treatment and organic transformation. In this study, CuNi bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in the cages of mesoporous silica support catalyst (CuNi@SBA-15) was prepared for the efficient reduction of nitroaromatics (NAs) and organic dyes. The CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst revealed superior activity for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction than other two mono-metallic counterparts. Moreover, CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst exhibited significant activity for the degradation of other NAs and dyes, including 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-(4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (4-NM), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (4-FNM)), rhodamine B (RhB), congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) and eosin Y (EY), respectively. Furthermore, CuNi@SBA-15 exhibited stability for the reduction of 4-NP for up to 4 catalytic cycles, after that the catalytic activity was decreased because of the metal leaching phenomenon. Additionally, we have also extended our scope of work for the simultaneous degradation of the combination of 4-NP, RhB, CR, EY and MO by CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst. Further, CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst incorporated into the fixed-bed system for 4-NP reduction and simultaneous degradation of the mixture of 4-NP, CR, RhB, EY, MO in continuous-flow mode. CuNi@SBA-15 was also evaluated its reduction ability in different environmental water samples (packed drinking, sea and river water samples). Their high catalytic activity make them ideal for removing and degrading contaminants, improving water quality and promoting sustainable water management.
{"title":"Anchoring CuNi bimetallic nanoparticles on amine functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst for efficient removal of toxic organic pollutants from water medium","authors":"Krishnamoorthy Shanmugaraj , Santiago Bedoya , Daniela González-Vera , Cristian H. Campos , Moorthy Mathivanan , Mani Arivazhagan , Padmanaban Annamalai , Veeramani Mangala Gowri , Pazhanivel Thangavelu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hunt for low-cost, high-efficiency catalysts has long been a priority in wastewater treatment and organic transformation. In this study, CuNi bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in the cages of mesoporous silica support catalyst (CuNi@SBA-15) was prepared for the efficient reduction of nitroaromatics (NAs) and organic dyes. The CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst revealed superior activity for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction than other two mono-metallic counterparts. Moreover, CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst exhibited significant activity for the degradation of other NAs and dyes, including 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-(4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (4-NM), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (4-FNM)), rhodamine B (RhB), congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) and eosin Y (EY), respectively. Furthermore, CuNi@SBA-15 exhibited stability for the reduction of 4-NP for up to 4 catalytic cycles, after that the catalytic activity was decreased because of the metal leaching phenomenon. Additionally, we have also extended our scope of work for the simultaneous degradation of the combination of 4-NP, RhB, CR, EY and MO by CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst. Further, CuNi@SBA-15 catalyst incorporated into the fixed-bed system for 4-NP reduction and simultaneous degradation of the mixture of 4-NP, CR, RhB, EY, MO in continuous-flow mode. CuNi@SBA-15 was also evaluated its reduction ability in different environmental water samples (packed drinking, sea and river water samples). Their high catalytic activity make them ideal for removing and degrading contaminants, improving water quality and promoting sustainable water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 107234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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