Journal of water process engineering最新文献_第2页

Enhancing solar still productivity through glass cover geometry and internal baffle design: A numerical approach 通过玻璃盖几何形状和内部挡板设计提高太阳能蒸馏器的生产率：数值方法

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109541

Z. Esmaeili , M. Sheikholeslami

Water shortage is becoming a critical worldwide issue, particularly in dry and coastal regions with limited or unstable freshwater supplies. This challenge highlights the need for sustainable desalination methods, like solar stills, to supply clean water in areas with limited resources. Nonetheless, typical solar stills struggle with low natural convection caused by unsuitable glass-cover designs and ineffective flow organization inside the unit. Addressing these limitations requires new design strategies integrating geometry optimization with internal flow-control elements. This study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis to boost the freshwater yield of a single-basin solar still through optimization of glass cover geometries and internal flow dynamics. Four distinct glass covers including conical (Case 1), hemispherical (Case 2), trapezoidal with peripheral condensate collection (Case 3), and trapezoidal with central collection (Case 4) were evaluated to assess their influence on natural convection, heat transfer rates, and distillate output. Next, the integration of internal baffle was investigated, followed by sensitivity analysis of baffle radius within the best-performing configuration. Results show that conical and hemispherical shapes significantly outperform trapezoidal designs, with the conical cover achieving the highest freshwater productivity, 8.44% higher than the trapezoidal peripheral design (Case 3). For baffle radius, a non-linear trend emerges: increasing radius initially reduces output, reaching a minimum at

r_{baffle} / R =

0.6, then improving productivity by 21.1% when increased to

r_{baffle} / R =

0.8. Upgrading from the poorest trapezoidal design (Case 3) to the optimized conical design with a

r_{baffle} / R =

0.8 baffle yields a 30.6% rise in freshwater output and a 37.8% increase in the Nusselt number. The economic assessment further shows that the optimized configuration shortens the payback period from 4.7 to 3.6 years and raises long-term cumulative profit by nearly 40%.

缺水正成为一个严重的世界性问题，特别是在淡水供应有限或不稳定的干旱和沿海地区。这一挑战凸显了需要可持续的海水淡化方法，如太阳能蒸馏器，为资源有限的地区提供清洁的水。尽管如此，由于不合适的玻璃盖设计和单元内无效的流动组织，典型的太阳能蒸馏器与低自然对流作斗争。解决这些限制需要新的设计策略，将几何优化与内部流动控制元素相结合。本研究提出了一个全面的数值分析，通过优化玻璃盖几何形状和内部流动动力学来提高单盆太阳能蒸馏器的淡水产量。评估了四种不同的玻璃盖，包括锥形（案例1）、半球形（案例2）、带有周边冷凝水收集的梯形（案例3）和带有中央收集的梯形（案例4），以评估它们对自然对流、传热率和馏出物产量的影响。其次，研究了内部挡板的集成，然后对最佳配置下挡板半径的灵敏度进行了分析。结果表明，锥形和半球形设计均明显优于梯形设计，其中锥形盖层的淡水产能最高，比梯形外围设计（案例3）高出8.44%。对于折流板半径，呈现非线性趋势：增大折流板半径初始产量减小，在rbaffle/R=0.6时产量最小，增大到rbaffle/R=0.8时产量提高21.1%。从最差的梯形设计（案例3）升级到挡板/R=0.8的优化锥形设计，淡水产量增加30.6%，努塞尔数增加37.8%。经济评价进一步表明，优化配置后，投资回收期由4.7年缩短至3.6年，长期累计利润提高近40%。

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引用次数: 0

Green in situ synthesis of bio-derived Ag/hydroxyapatite-curcumin nanocomposites for dual catalytic and antimicrobial applications 绿色原位合成生物衍生银/羟基磷灰石-姜黄素纳米复合材料的双重催化和抗菌应用

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109586

Mariam Sherif Abdel Aziz , Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud , Hanem S. Abdel-Tawab , Essam F. Abo Zeid , Mohamed Abd El-Aal

Developing a green, efficient, and robust route for fabricating silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) composites remains a crucial challenge, particularly in achieving uniform particle size and high Ag-NP loading. In this study, a simple in-situ strategy was employed to synthesize and immobilize Ag-NPs (1–15 wt%) onto a bio-derived hydroxyapatite-curcumin (HAP-curcumin) nanocomposite. HAP was sustainably extracted from Black Tilapia fish scales, while curcumin functioned as both a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, enabling an environmentally friendly synthesis process. Structural and physicochemical analyses, XRD, FTIR, BET, XPS, and HRTEM, confirmed the successful formation and uniform dispersion of spherical Ag-NPs (∼15.7 nm) on the HAP-curcumin surface. The nanocomposites exhibited outstanding catalytic performance, efficiently reducing various organic pollutants, including 4-nitrophenol, Congo red, methylene blue, and rhodamine B, in the presence of NaBH₄. Remarkably, the 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin sample achieved rapid degradation of 4-nitrophenol within 5 s (k = 2.3297 min⁻¹) and demonstrated strong catalytic activity even in real sample matrices (milk, juice, and soap-containing wastewater). The 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin nanocomposite showed excellent stability over repeated cycles with negligible Ag leaching, indicating strong potential for practical applications. Beyond catalysis, the nanocomposites displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Candida albicans. The 15% Ag/HAP-curcumin nanocomposite achieved complete (100%) inhibition at 150 μg/mL, highlighting its dual functionality as a green catalyst and antimicrobial agent. This work presents a sustainable route for designing multifunctional Ag-based nanocomposites with promising applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.

开发一种绿色、高效、稳健的银纳米颗粒（Ag-NP）复合材料的制备方法仍然是一个关键的挑战，特别是在实现均匀粒径和高Ag-NP负载方面。在这项研究中，采用简单的原位策略合成并固定Ag-NPs （1-15 wt%）到生物来源的羟基磷灰石-姜黄素（hap -姜黄素）纳米复合材料上。从黑罗非鱼鱼鳞中可持续提取HAP，而姜黄素作为天然还原剂和稳定剂，使合成过程更加环保。结构和物理化学分析、XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS和HRTEM证实了Ag-NPs （~ 15.7 nm）在hap -姜黄素表面成功形成和均匀分散。纳米复合材料表现出优异的催化性能，在NaBH4的存在下，能有效地还原4-硝基苯酚、刚果红、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B等多种有机污染物。值得注意的是，15% Ag/ hap -姜黄素样品在5 s内（k = 2.3297 min−1）实现了4-硝基苯酚的快速降解，即使在实际样品基质（牛奶、果汁和含皂废水）中也表现出很强的催化活性。15% Ag/ hap -姜黄素纳米复合材料在重复循环中表现出优异的稳定性，而银浸出可以忽略不计，表明了强大的实际应用潜力。除了催化作用外，纳米复合材料还显示出对蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、人型葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的有效抗菌活性。15% Ag/ hap -姜黄素纳米复合材料在150 μg/mL的浓度下实现了完全（100%）的抑制，突出了其作为绿色催化剂和抗菌剂的双重功能。这项工作为设计多功能银基纳米复合材料提供了一条可持续的途径，在环境修复和生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of Ru-anchored tubular carbon nitride for boosted photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin: Unravelling synergistic mechanism of nitrogen defect engineering and photo-Fenton like reaction ru锚定管状氮化碳的构建促进了诺氟沙星的光催化降解：氮缺陷工程和光fenton反应的协同机制的揭示

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109521

V. Vinotha Sre , B. Janani , Saleh Alhijji , Abdallah M. Elgorban , S. Sudheer Khan

Engineering the interfacial active sites of metal-anchored photocatalyst is vital for advancing the photo-Fenton-like reactions. Herein, a novel tubular gC₃N₄ (TgCN) with a well-defined 1D morphology was constructed using simple, template-free hydrothermal strategy. Ru atoms were subsequently anchored onto TgCN, exploiting the high affinity of RuN coordination to achieve uniform dispersion, prevent agglomeration, and maximize the exposure of active sites for H₂O₂ activation. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful formation of the tubular structure with strong RuN coordination, which led to enhanced light absorption, improved charge separation and a higher surface area. The resulting Ru/TgCN-3 SACs displayed outstanding photo-Fenton catalytic activity towards a pharmaceutical pollutant, achieving 99.9% norfloxacin (NFX) degradation in water with k = 0.0076 min⁻¹ across a wide pH range (pH 3–11). Radical trapping experiments identified •OH and O₂^•- as dominant reactive species, while the multiple oxidation states of Ru were proposed to accelerate the Fenton-like reaction. The Ru/TgCN-3 SACs exhibit robust stability over six consecutive cycles and maintaining high degradation efficiency in real wastewater, underscoring its promise for practical applications. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed two major degradation pathways for NFX, while ecotoxicology assessment of transformation products confirmed the environmental relevance and safety of the approach. This study elucidates the synergistic mechanism between nitrogen-defect engineering in the TgCN support and RuN coordination for boosting H₂O₂ activation, providing a strategy for designing high performance photo-Fenton catalyst for efficient water remediation.

设计金属锚定光催化剂的界面活性位点对推进类光芬顿反应至关重要。本文采用简单的无模板水热策略构建了具有明确1D形态的新型管状gC3N4 （TgCN）。Ru原子随后被锚定在TgCN上，利用RuN配位的高亲和力实现均匀分散，防止团聚，最大限度地暴露活性位点进行H2O2活化。综合表征证实，成功形成了具有强RuN配位的管状结构，从而增强了光吸收，改善了电荷分离，提高了比表面积。所得到的Ru/TgCN-3 SACs对药物污染物表现出出色的光- fenton催化活性，在宽pH范围（pH 3-11）下，k = 0.0076 min−1的水中实现99.9%的诺氟沙星（NFX）降解。自由基捕获实验发现•OH和O2•-是主要的活性物质，而Ru的多氧化态则加速了Fenton-like反应。Ru/TgCN-3 SACs在连续六个循环中表现出强大的稳定性，并在实际废水中保持较高的降解效率，强调了其实际应用的前景。气相色谱-质谱分析揭示了NFX的两种主要降解途径，而转化产物的生态毒理学评估证实了该方法的环境相关性和安全性。本研究阐明了TgCN支撑中的氮缺陷工程与RuN协同促进H2O2活化的协同机制，为设计高效水修复的高性能光- fenton催化剂提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and optimization of electrodialysis for nutrient recovery from wastewater 电渗析法回收废水营养物的建模与优化

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109540

Sai Tarun Ganapavarapu , Dylan J. Weber , Aditya V. Sankaran , Evan Zhou , Thi Dao , Mohammed Tahmid , Hyuck Joo Choi , Marta C. Hatzell , Joseph K. Scott

Municipal and agricultural wastewaters often contain excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, which can disrupt ecosystems through eutrophication. These nutrients frequently originate from synthetic fertilizers produced by costly and energy-intensive processes. Thus, recovering nutrients from wastewater has the potential to prevent ecological harm and improve agricultural economics simultaneously. Several experimental studies highlight electrodialysis (ED) as a promising method for recovering nutrients in concentrated form for reuse as fertilizer. However, existing modeling and optimization studies of ED primarily target water desalination and do not address the unique challenges of nutrient recovery or assess the viability of ED for this purpose. To address this gap, this paper presents detailed ED models, novel solution strategies and simulation tools, a novel cost optimization formulation, and extensive optimal design results for wastewater nutrient recovery. Using formal optimization algorithms revealed novel strategies for achieving high product concentrations and yielded significantly lower costs than designs based on common heuristics. Results indicate that ED can produce a 3.5 wt% nitrogen product for under 150 $/t-N in an idealized single-salt system. These metrics suggest that ED could play a key role in sustainable fertilizer production from wastewater, particularly when combined with other technologies for achieving higher concentrations. Limitations of the current analysis that could degrade these figures in practice (e.g., the single-salt assumption) are also discussed.

城市和农业废水通常含有过量的氮和磷，这可能通过富营养化破坏生态系统。这些营养物质通常来自昂贵和能源密集型工艺生产的合成肥料。因此，从废水中回收养分有可能同时防止生态危害和改善农业经济。一些实验研究强调电渗析（ED）是一种很有前途的方法，可以回收浓缩形式的养分作为肥料再利用。然而，现有的ED建模和优化研究主要针对海水淡化，没有解决营养物质回收的独特挑战，也没有评估ED为此目的的可行性。为了解决这一差距，本文提出了详细的ED模型，新颖的解决方案策略和模拟工具，新颖的成本优化公式，以及废水养分回收的广泛优化设计结果。使用形式化优化算法揭示了实现高产品浓度的新策略，并且比基于普通启发式的设计产生的成本显着降低。结果表明，在理想的单盐体系中，ED可以以低于150美元/t-N的成本产生3.5 wt%的氮产物。这些指标表明，ED可以在废水可持续肥料生产中发挥关键作用，特别是在与其他技术相结合以实现更高浓度的情况下。本文还讨论了当前分析在实际中可能降低这些数字的局限性（例如，单盐假设）。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of naphtol blue black using CuO/g-C3N4 composite with persulphate: Optimization of the process by response surface methodology 过硫酸盐CuO/g-C3N4复合材料增强光催化降解萘蓝黑：响应面法优化工艺

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109576

Jean Marie Dikdim Dangwang , Nasser Oudou , Sadou Dalhatou , Sali Mouhamadou , Christophe Caperaa , Abdoulaye Kane , Pierre Bonet , Guy Bertrand Noumi , Xu Zhao

CuO/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were prepared using a simple technique and applied for the degradation of naphtol blue black (NBB) in an aqueous medium. The characteristics of materials were examined to determine functional groups, crystalline structure, elemental composition, morphology, and band gap energy. The findings confirmed the effective formation of the CuO/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanomaterials, which were tested for photocatalytic experiments under several operating conditions. The results revealed that the highest degradation efficiency of 99.05% was achieved under UV/0.2CuO/g-C₃N₄/PS system after 30 min, with the corresponding highest reaction rate constant k = 0.135 min⁻¹. The enhancement of NBB photodegradation was attributed to the involvement of persulphate (PS) in the inhibition of photocharge carriers. The study of the NBB degradation process through Box-Behnken Design indicated that the irradiation time was the variable exerting the dominant influence during the treatment. The optimal conditions for NBB degradation were 27.75 min, 85.75 mg, and 25 mg for irradiation time, PS mass and catalyst quantity, respectively. The degradation efficiency obtained under these conditions was 95.74 ± 0.12%. The development of CuO/g-C₃N₄ type heterostructure combined with PS for photocatalytic degradation offers a new direction to address the challenges encountered during purification of wastewater containing dyes.

采用简单的工艺制备了CuO/g-C3N4光催化剂，并将其用于在水介质中降解萘蓝黑（NBB）。考察了材料的特性，以确定官能团、晶体结构、元素组成、形貌和带隙能。这些发现证实了CuO/g-C3N4杂化纳米材料的有效形成，并在几种操作条件下进行了光催化实验。结果表明，在UV/0.2CuO/g-C3N4/PS体系下，反应时间为30 min，降解效率为99.05%，反应速率常数k = 0.135 min−1。过硫酸盐（PS）对光电荷载流子的抑制作用增强了NBB的光降解能力。通过Box-Behnken Design对NBB降解过程的研究表明，辐照时间是处理过程中起主导作用的变量。NBB的最佳降解条件为辐照时间27.75 min、PS质量85.75 mg、催化剂用量25 mg。在此条件下得到的降解效率为95.74±0.12%。CuO/g-C3N4型异质结构与PS相结合的光催化降解为解决含染料废水净化中遇到的挑战提供了新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Biological mechanisms of tetracycline deep mineralization in membrane aeration biofilm reactors following Mn-based catalytic oxidation 膜曝气生物膜反应器中锰基催化氧化后四环素深度矿化的生物学机制

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109570

Xin-Yan Li , Xin-xin Ni , He-Ping Zhao

Tetracycline (TC) in pharmaceutical wastewater needs advanced treatment to mitigate secondary ecological risks. We designed a manganese-based catalytic membrane coupled with a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) to achieve deep TC mineralization. The catalytic membrane pre-oxidized TC into polyaromatic intermediates with mineralization of 22.4% in R1. Subsequently, the intermediate product was further mineralized in the MABR, with mineralization efficiency increasing to 40.1%. Supplementing 80 mg/L sodium acetate (NaAc) to the influent of MABR dramatically enhanced mineralization efficiency to 84.2%, leading to non-toxic end products. Multi-omics analysis demonstrated acetate supplementary enriched acetate-utilizing bacteria (15.01% Rhodanobacter) and aromatic compound degrading microorganisms (8.60% Microscillaceae). The abundance of genes related to ring-opening (PIR, dmpM, dmpB), energy metabolism (GPI, glmS), and antioxidant defenses (wbpA, pmm-pgm, glmU) were also greatly upregulated. Furthermore, shock tests with 625 mg/L COD humic acid confirmed practical applicability. NaAc supplementation raised biological TOC removal from 45.3% to 94.0%. These results suggest that NaAc supplementary enhanced the microbial energy metabolism process and antioxidant defense capabilities, improved the breaking efficiency of CC and CN bonds, and thus increased the mineralization rate of TC. Overall, the combination of catalytic pre-oxidation, metabolic enhancement, and community regulation can effectively mineralize TC, mitigate metabolite risks, and provide a sustainable solution for antibiotic wastewater treatment.

制药废水中的四环素（TC）需要深度处理以减轻次生生态风险。我们设计了一种锰基催化膜与膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）相结合的方法来实现深层TC矿化。催化膜将TC预氧化为多芳烃中间体，矿化率为22.4%。随后，中间产物在MABR中进一步矿化，矿化效率提高到40.1%。在MABR液中添加80 mg/L乙酸钠（NaAc），矿化效率可达84.2%，最终产物无毒。多组学分析表明，乙酸补充富集的乙酸利用菌（15.01% Rhodanobacter）和芳香族化合物降解菌（8.60% Microscillaceae）。与开环相关的基因（PIR, dmpM, dmpB），能量代谢（GPI, glmS）和抗氧化防御（wbpA, pmm-pgm, glmU）的丰度也大幅上调。此外，625 mg/L COD腐植酸的冲击试验也证实了它的实用性。NaAc的添加使TOC的生物去除率从45.3%提高到94.0%。这些结果表明，NaAc的补充增强了微生物的能量代谢过程和抗氧化防御能力，提高了CC和CN键的断裂效率，从而提高了TC的矿化率。综上所述，催化预氧化、代谢增强和群落调节相结合可以有效地矿化TC，降低代谢物风险，为抗生素废水处理提供可持续的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Type-II TiO2/CoAl-LDH heterojunction enabling fast H2O2-assisted UV decolorization of complex dyeing effluent ii型TiO2/煤- ldh异质结实现复合染色废水的快速h2o2辅助紫外脱色

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109575

Tariq Ali , Yiwei Li , Yuxian Wu , Yuke Zhang , Bingjie Fang , Saleem Raza , Ruidi Chen , Yeyuan Xiao

Photocatalytic technology offers a promising solution for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. However, catalysts often suffer from limited light absorption and rapid electron-hole recombination. To address the challenges, we developed a heterogeneous TiO₂/CoAl-LDH catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of dyes such as Acid fuchsin (AF) and methyl orange (MO) and real wastewater under UV light irradiation. The aligned band structures of TiO₂ and LDH enhanced UV light energy absorption and electron-hole separation, resulting in superior photocatalytic activity. In treating real dyeing wastewater, TiO₂/CoAl-LDH + H₂O₂ + UV achieved higher decolorization than UV/H₂O₂ or catalyst/H₂O₂ alone under the same operating conditions. The process within the early stage (0–45 min) followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (kₐₚₚ ≈ 1.50 × 10⁻² min⁻¹), with a clear H₂O₂ optimum at 40.8 mM. Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence showed rapid quenching of protein-like (B/T) and humic/fulvic-like (A/M/C) peaks with blue-shifts under the TiO₂/CoAl-LDH + H₂O₂ + UV condition corroborating deeper oxidation and mirroring the ADMI decolorization trend (fast loss of B/T within 15 min, followed by progressive depletion of humic-like emission). This study presents a simple and cost-effective method for developing efficient hierarchical semiconductor materials potentially applicable as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

光催化技术为废水中有机污染物的降解提供了一种很有前途的解决方案。然而，催化剂往往存在光吸收有限和电子-空穴快速复合的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们开发了一种多相TiO2/CoAl-LDH催化剂，用于在紫外光照射下光催化降解酸性品红（AF）和甲基橙（MO）等染料和真实废水。TiO2和LDH排列的能带结构增强了对紫外光能量的吸收和电子空穴的分离，具有优异的光催化活性。在处理实际印染废水时，在相同的操作条件下，TiO2/CoAl-LDH + H2O2 + UV的脱色效果优于单独使用UV/H2O2或催化剂/H2O2。在TiO2/CoAl-LDH + H2O2 + UV条件下，EEM荧光显示蛋白质样（B/T）和腐殖质样（a /M/C）峰快速猝灭，并伴有蓝移，证实了更深层次的氧化，反映了ADMI脱色趋势(B/T在15 min内快速损失；然后是腐殖质样排放物的逐渐消耗)。本研究提出了一种简单而经济的方法来开发高效的层次化半导体材料，有可能用作废水处理的光催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

A parsimonious hybrid model: Integrating wavelet neural networks and deep learning for water quality forecasting in Southern Iran 一个简洁的混合模型：集成小波神经网络和深度学习用于伊朗南部水质预测

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109478

Mehri Saeidinia , Laleh Divband Hafshejani , Mohsen Shahsavar

Drip irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions is frequently compromised by emitter clogging from calcium carbonate scaling, traditionally assessed via the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) using laboratory-intensive measurements of calcium hardness and alkalinity that preclude real-time monitoring. This study develops a field-deployable, real-time LSI prediction framework using only three low-cost, continuously measurable sensor inputs: pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC). A 25-year (1991–2015) hydrological dataset comprising 4,633 samples from Khuzestan Province, Iran, was used to train and compare seven optimized models—classical machine learning (GA-tuned SVR, RF, XGBoost), deep learning sequence models (Bayesian-tuned CNN, LSTM, GRU), and a novel hybrid Wavelet-Artificial Neural Network (WANN). Models were evaluated across seven input combinations, with performance assessed via RMSE, MAE, NSE, R², distributional tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov), rank correlations (Kendall's τ), bootstrapped 99% confidence intervals, and feature importance analysis. The full three-input scenario (EC + pH + Temp) yielded the highest accuracy, with GA-XGBoost (NSE = 0.844, RMSE = 0.132) and Bayesian-WANN (NSE = 0.838, RMSE = 0.134) outperforming deep learning models. Random Forest-based feature importance revealed pH as the dominant driver (58.8%), followed by EC (29.6%) and temperature (11.5%), explaining the modest NSE gain from including temperature. Bootstrap hypothesis testing confirmed statistical equivalence among top performers (GA-XGBoost, GA-SVR, GA-RF, B-WANN). The EC + pH pairing proved a robust alternative (NSE ≈ 0.79–0.80) when temperature data are unavailable. By enabling proactive, sensor-driven scaling risk assessment on lightweight edge devices, this framework overcomes limitations of conventional equilibrium-based indices, offering a practical tool for clogging prevention and sustainable water management in resource-constrained agriculture.

干旱和半干旱地区的滴灌经常受到碳酸钙结垢造成的发射器堵塞的影响，传统上通过Langelier饱和指数（LSI）进行评估，该指数使用实验室密集测量的钙硬度和碱度，无法进行实时监测。本研究开发了一种现场可部署的实时LSI预测框架，仅使用三个低成本、连续可测量的传感器输入：pH值、温度和电导率（EC）。利用伊朗胡齐斯坦省25年（1991-2015）水文数据集（包括4,633个样本）训练和比较了7种优化模型：经典机器学习模型（ga调谐SVR、RF、XGBoost）、深度学习序列模型（贝叶斯调谐CNN、LSTM、GRU）和一种新型混合小波-人工神经网络（WANN）。通过RMSE、MAE、NSE、R2、分布检验（Kolmogorov-Smirnov）、等级相关性（Kendall’s τ）、自启动99%置信区间和特征重要性分析对模型进行评估。完整的三输入场景（EC + pH + Temp）产生了最高的准确性，GA-XGBoost （NSE = 0.844, RMSE = 0.132）和Bayesian-WANN （NSE = 0.838, RMSE = 0.134）优于深度学习模型。基于随机森林的特征重要性显示，pH是主要驱动因素（58.8%），其次是EC（29.6%）和温度（11.5%），这解释了包括温度在内的NSE的适度增益。Bootstrap假设检验证实了顶级表演者（GA-XGBoost、GA-SVR、GA-RF、B-WANN）之间的统计等效性。当温度数据不可用时，EC + pH配对被证明是一个可靠的选择（NSE≈0.79-0.80）。通过对轻量级边缘设备进行主动的、传感器驱动的结垢风险评估，该框架克服了传统基于平衡的指数的局限性，为资源受限的农业提供了堵塞预防和可持续水资源管理的实用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling haloketones in drinking water using conformable neural networks: a case study of Jinhua, China 用适形神经网络模拟饮用水中的卤酮：以金华市为例

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109542

J.I. Johnson , A.I. Mata , A. Parrales , J.E. Solís-Pérez , A. Huicochea , J.A. Hernández

The prediction of halogenated ketones in drinking water is relevant for public health surveillance and treatment control. Sixty-three samples from Jinhua, China, with routinely monitored physicochemical parameters were used, targeting three objectives: 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone (DCP), 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone (TCP), and total haloketones (HK). We compared two simple baselines—multiple linear regression and random forests—with an artificial neural network using radial basis function activation. The models were trained with a fixed training/validation/test split, minimum-maximum scaling to [0.1, 0.9], and evaluated with R, RMSE, and MAPE. A global sensitivity analysis identified the most influential inputs. The baselines established realistic performance limits (e.g., for DCP: R ≈ 0.77 and RMSE≈0.23 for linear regression; R ≈ 0.77 and RMSE≈0.28 for random forest). The conformable activation network improved agreement with observations for all targets: averaging R = 0.94, RMSE = 0.398. Sensitivity analysis was consistent with known factors in the process. The proposed activation design achieved strong gains over linear and tree-based baselines on a small dataset while remaining computationally light. We document the assumptions, data ranges, and limitations to support its reuse in routine monitoring.

饮用水中卤代酮的预测对公共卫生监测和处理控制具有重要意义。使用了来自中国金华的63份样品，常规监测了理化参数，针对三个目标：1,1-二氯-2-丙烷（DCP）， 1,1,1-三氯-2-丙烷（TCP）和总卤酮（HK）。我们比较了两个简单的基线-多元线性回归和随机森林-与使用径向基函数激活的人工神经网络。模型以固定的训练/验证/测试分割进行训练，最小-最大缩放至[0.1,0.9]，并使用R、RMSE和MAPE进行评估。全球敏感性分析确定了最具影响力的投入。基线建立了现实的性能限制（例如，线性回归的DCP: R≈0.77,RMSE≈0.23；随机森林的R≈0.77,RMSE≈0.28）。整合激活网络提高了对所有目标的观测结果的一致性：平均R = 0.94, RMSE = 0.398。敏感性分析与过程中已知因素一致。所提出的激活设计在小数据集上获得了比线性和基于树的基线更大的收益，同时保持了计算量的减少。我们记录了假设、数据范围和限制，以支持其在日常监控中的重用。

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引用次数: 0

A novel multi-ion and image co-monitoring system for online kinetics of Pb(II) adsorption on biochar in water process 水处理过程中生物炭吸附Pb（II）在线动力学的多离子和图像联合监测系统

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109603

Hehu Zhang, Zhendong Xiao, Weili Wang, Guangxin Qi, Yanyun Jin, Youwei Wang, Lingling Lu, Tao Wei, Xiushan Wang

In the water process, sampling methods of adsorption indicators typically have two key limitations. One is the reliance on single-modality sampling, which fails to capture the overall adsorption features. Another is the adoption of manual-discrete sampling, which is time-consuming and prone to errors from improper sample handling between measurement intervals. This study developed a novel multi-ion and image co-monitoring system for online kinetics of Pb(II) adsorption on biochar, which can monitor the solution pH, Pb(II) ion, and adsorption images of biochar at different initial Pb(II) concentrations. A combined analysis of XPS, XRD, FTIR, and BET revealed the chemical state of Pb(II) on biochar and its adsorption environment. The co-monitoring system accurately quantified the relationships between adsorption capacity, time, and initial concentration. Notably, the pH increased from 5 to above 5.6 across different initial Pb(II) concentrations, reflecting the abundance of alkaline minerals (e.g., K₂O, CaO, Na₂O, MgO) in biochar, which further clarifies the material's role in the adsorption environment. This study realized the real-time synchronous analysis of physicochemical changes in Pb(II) adsorption kinetics and provided innovative techniques and theoretical support for a more efficient water treatment process.

在水处理过程中，吸附指标的采样方法通常有两个关键的局限性。一个是对单模态采样的依赖，它不能捕捉到整体的吸附特征。另一个是采用手动离散采样，这是耗时的，并且容易因测量间隔之间的样本处理不当而产生误差。本研究开发了一种新型的生物炭吸附Pb（II）在线动力学多离子和图像联合监测系统，可以监测不同初始Pb（II）浓度下的溶液pH、Pb（II）离子和生物炭的吸附图像。通过XPS、XRD、FTIR和BET的综合分析，揭示了Pb（II）在生物炭上的化学状态及其吸附环境。共同监测系统准确地量化了吸附量、时间和初始浓度之间的关系。值得注意的是，在不同初始Pb（II）浓度下，pH值从5上升到5.6以上，反映了生物炭中碱性矿物（如K2O、CaO、Na2O、MgO）的丰富程度，进一步阐明了该材料在吸附环境中的作用。本研究实现了实时同步分析Pb（II）吸附动力学的理化变化，为更高效的水处理工艺提供了创新技术和理论支持。

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引用次数: 0