Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107473
Qingfeng Cheng , Jun Li , Wen-Bo Nie , Hui Tian , Lichao Nengzi , Erdeng Du , Mingguo Peng
The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a denitrifying filter (DF) is crucial in influencing total nitrogen (TN) removal. Therefore, the effect of HRT on the performance of advanced synergistic nitrogen removal (ASNR) processes, including denitrification and partial-denitrification anammox (PDA), was investigated using a lab-scale DF. NH4+-N and organic matter from the secondary influent were utilized as electron donors. As the HRT decreased from 8 to 2 h, the filtered effluent TN increased from 0.51 to 2.45 mg/L, with the corresponding removal efficiency decreasing from 97.7 % to 88.9 %. Besides, the effluent COD ranged from 17.26 to 18.98 mg/L, with a removal efficiency between 58.5 % and 61.5 %, indicating the minimal impact from HRT variation. Furthermore, 60.9 %−63.2 % of the removed TN was eliminated via the PDA pathway, with 1.29 to 1.36 mg of COD consumed per mg of TN removal. The presence of denitrifying, anammox and hydrolytic bacteria confirmed the effectiveness of ASNR. These results demonstrated that the technique holds significant potential in practice due to its cost-effective and high TN and COD removal under low HRT.
{"title":"Effect of hydraulic retention time on advanced nitrogen removal performance in denitrification and partial-denitrification anammox processes: NH4+-N and organic matter from secondary influent as electron donors","authors":"Qingfeng Cheng , Jun Li , Wen-Bo Nie , Hui Tian , Lichao Nengzi , Erdeng Du , Mingguo Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a denitrifying filter (DF) is crucial in influencing total nitrogen (TN) removal. Therefore, the effect of HRT on the performance of advanced synergistic nitrogen removal (ASNR) processes, including denitrification and partial-denitrification anammox (PDA), was investigated using a lab-scale DF. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and organic matter from the secondary influent were utilized as electron donors. As the HRT decreased from 8 to 2 h, the filtered effluent TN increased from 0.51 to 2.45 mg/L, with the corresponding removal efficiency decreasing from 97.7 % to 88.9 %. Besides, the effluent COD ranged from 17.26 to 18.98 mg/L, with a removal efficiency between 58.5 % and 61.5 %, indicating the minimal impact from HRT variation. Furthermore, 60.9 %−63.2 % of the removed TN was eliminated via the PDA pathway, with 1.29 to 1.36 mg of COD consumed per mg of TN removal. The presence of denitrifying, anammox and hydrolytic bacteria confirmed the effectiveness of ASNR. These results demonstrated that the technique holds significant potential in practice due to its cost-effective and high TN and COD removal under low HRT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107484
Ismael Vera-Puerto , Gianfranco Moris , Hugo Valdés , Marco Quiroz , Francisco Encina , Pascal Molle , Miguel Martín-Monerris , Carmen Hernández-Crespo , Carlos A. Arias
This work aims to evaluate the performance of Vertical flow (VF) treatment wetlands (TWs) operated in parallel and sequentially for the treatment of combined sewer overflow (CSO) in Chile during the first operative period. An experimental plant was operated at three outflow rates: 0.01 L/(s*m2), 0.03 L/(s*m2) and 0.05 L/(s*m2). Influent and effluent samples from VF TWs were taken every 24 h for a period of 72 h. The water quality parameters that were evaluated included pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), turbidity (TU), total suspended solids (TSS), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD, total and dissolved), forms of nitrogen (NH4+-N, NO3−-N, TN), total phosphorus (TP), and E. coli. Reductions in pH value below 1.0 and no significant reductions (p > 0.05) on EC were observed in effluents. Furthermore, removals above 75 % for TSS, TU, BOD5, and CODt, were stable during the 4-day operational time and for the three outflow rates. In terms of nutrients, similar behavior was observed for the three outflow rates. NH4+-N was effectively removed, without complete transformation into NO3−-N, and TN removal was enhanced after 2-day of operation. TP removal was above 60 % and related to Ca-content in sand used in the wetland bed. Significantly improved results were achieved at 0.03 L/(s*m2). However, E. coli showed low removals of 1 log-unit across the three outflow rates, necessitating an effluent disinfection system. Hence, the system based on VF TWs with parallel operation and sequential feeding, is a promising technology for CSO treatment in the Chilean context.
{"title":"Implementation of an experimental vertical flow treatment wetland for combined sewer overflow in the south of Chile","authors":"Ismael Vera-Puerto , Gianfranco Moris , Hugo Valdés , Marco Quiroz , Francisco Encina , Pascal Molle , Miguel Martín-Monerris , Carmen Hernández-Crespo , Carlos A. Arias","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to evaluate the performance of Vertical flow (VF) treatment wetlands (TWs) operated in parallel and sequentially for the treatment of combined sewer overflow (CSO) in Chile during the first operative period. An experimental plant was operated at three outflow rates: 0.01 L/(s*m<sup>2</sup>), 0.03 L/(s*m<sup>2</sup>) and 0.05 L/(s*m<sup>2</sup>). Influent and effluent samples from VF TWs were taken every 24 h for a period of 72 h. The water quality parameters that were evaluated included pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), turbidity (TU), total suspended solids (TSS), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>), chemical oxygen demand (COD, total and dissolved), forms of nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, TN), total phosphorus (TP), and <em>E. coli</em>. Reductions in pH value below 1.0 and no significant reductions (<em>p</em> > 0.05) on EC were observed in effluents. Furthermore, removals above 75 % for TSS, TU, BOD<sub>5</sub>, and CODt, were stable during the 4-day operational time and for the three outflow rates. In terms of nutrients, similar behavior was observed for the three outflow rates. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N was effectively removed, without complete transformation into NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and TN removal was enhanced after 2-day of operation. TP removal was above 60 % and related to Ca-content in sand used in the wetland bed. Significantly improved results were achieved at 0.03 L/(s*m<sup>2</sup>). However, <em>E. coli</em> showed low removals of 1 log-unit across the three outflow rates, necessitating an effluent disinfection system. Hence, the system based on VF TWs with parallel operation and sequential feeding, is a promising technology for CSO treatment in the Chilean context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107469
Kablan Ebah , Hala Bensalah , Souad Nekhlaoui , Marya Raji , Rachid Bouhfid , Abou el kacem Qaiss
Industrial development has led to the generation of environmental contaminants, raising global concerns. With the advancement of structurally complex systems, smart and flexible membranes have gained significant attention for treating contaminated wastewater. This study develops a flexible and intelligent piezocatalytic composite membrane reinforced with 2D carbon nanoparticles derived from the pyrolysis and activation of ground tire rubber (GTR). The membranes, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), were fabricated using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) by incorporating styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) at 7.5 wt.% and 2D carbon nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.5 to 5 wt.%). The size distribution of the carbon nanoparticles and the morphological properties of the membranes were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the membranes were evaluated through tensile tests, electrical conductivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle (CA) analysis. The incorporation of 2D carbon nanoparticles facilitated the transformation of PVDF into the piezoelectric β-phase, with the 3 wt.% carbon-doped membrane exhibiting exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. This membrane also demonstrated a significant increase in electrical conductivity, from 10⁻¹¹ S cm⁻¹ to 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the membrane achieved remarkable degradation efficiencies of 79.07% for methylene blue (MB) and 94.56% for toxic rhodamine B (RhB). This work highlights the successful production of 2D carbon nanoparticles from tire waste and their application in creating polymorphic piezocatalytic membranes with high piezoelectric performance and pollutant degradation capabilities. The findings open new perspectives for membrane-based piezocatalysis as a promising approach for wastewater purification.
{"title":"Smart and flexible PVDF/SEBS membranes reinforced with pyrolytic carbon black nanoparticles from waste tires for enhanced wastewater remediation","authors":"Kablan Ebah , Hala Bensalah , Souad Nekhlaoui , Marya Raji , Rachid Bouhfid , Abou el kacem Qaiss","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial development has led to the generation of environmental contaminants, raising global concerns. With the advancement of structurally complex systems, smart and flexible membranes have gained significant attention for treating contaminated wastewater. This study develops a flexible and intelligent piezocatalytic composite membrane reinforced with 2D carbon nanoparticles derived from the pyrolysis and activation of ground tire rubber (GTR). The membranes, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), were fabricated using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) by incorporating styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) at 7.5 wt.% and 2D carbon nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.5 to 5 wt.%). The size distribution of the carbon nanoparticles and the morphological properties of the membranes were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the membranes were evaluated through tensile tests, electrical conductivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle (CA) analysis. The incorporation of 2D carbon nanoparticles facilitated the transformation of PVDF into the piezoelectric β-phase, with the 3 wt.% carbon-doped membrane exhibiting exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. This membrane also demonstrated a significant increase in electrical conductivity, from 10⁻¹¹ S cm⁻¹ to 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the membrane achieved remarkable degradation efficiencies of 79.07% for methylene blue (MB) and 94.56% for toxic rhodamine B (RhB). This work highlights the successful production of 2D carbon nanoparticles from tire waste and their application in creating polymorphic piezocatalytic membranes with high piezoelectric performance and pollutant degradation capabilities. The findings open new perspectives for membrane-based piezocatalysis as a promising approach for wastewater purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107472
Ziyuan Lin , Weihao Kong , Ziyu Yan , Yili Xu , Yingwei Zhou , Lvna Qin , Mengli Chen , Chaolan Zhang
The increasing organophosphate esters (OPEs) in wastewater have aroused great concerns, but their impacts on biological nitrogen removal process remained unclear. The effects of two ubiquitous OPEs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP), on biological nitrogen removal performance and microbial community were explored in activated sludge system. The results indicated that nitrogen removal efficiency remained stable (71.29%75.65%) with OPEs increased. Nitrite oxidation and denitrification processes were inhibited by high TnBP and TCEP concentrations, respectively. OPE-tolerant denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Azonexus, Methyloversatilis) were enriched under OPEs exposure. The oriented community succession resulted in more important deterministic process in community assembly and more interactions between nitrogen removal bacteria. Molecular ecological networks analysis indicated that more cooperation of keystone and functional taxa enhanced community stability under OPEs stress. The nitrogen metabolic functions were stimulated with increasing OPEs concentration, and the function of xenobiotics degradation was upregulated as the OPEs degradation bacteria enriched, which would alleviate the negative impacts of OPEs on the nitrogen removal process. Furthermore, carbon metabolic and electron transfer functions were altered to alleviate OPEs stress and facilitate denitrification. This study would provide new ecological insights into the adaptive evolution of microbial community to emerging contaminants in biological nitrogen removal systems.
废水中的有机磷酸酯（OPEs）日益增多，引起了人们的极大关注，但它们对生物脱氮过程的影响仍不明确。本研究探讨了两种普遍存在的有机磷酸酯--磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）和磷酸三（正丁基）酯（TnBP）--在活性污泥系统中对生物脱氮性能和微生物群落的影响。结果表明，随着 OPEs 的增加，脱氮效率保持稳定（71.29%-75.65%）。亚硝酸盐氧化和反硝化过程分别受到高浓度 TnBP 和 TCEP 的抑制。耐 OPE 的反硝化细菌（如 Azonexus、Methyloversatilis）在暴露于 OPEs 的情况下富集。定向群落演替导致群落组装过程中更重要的决定性过程和脱氮细菌之间更多的相互作用。分子生态网络分析表明，在 OPEs 胁迫下，关键类群和功能类群的更多合作增强了群落的稳定性。随着 OPEs 浓度的增加，氮代谢功能受到刺激，而随着 OPEs 降解菌的富集，异生 物降解功能得到提升，这将减轻 OPEs 对脱氮过程的负面影响。此外，碳代谢和电子传递功能也发生了改变，从而减轻了 OPEs 胁迫，促进了反硝化作用。这项研究将为生物脱氮系统中微生物群落对新兴污染物的适应性进化提供新的生态学见解。
{"title":"Insights into the response of biological nitrogen removal process to organophosphate esters and the adaptive mechanisms of microbial community","authors":"Ziyuan Lin , Weihao Kong , Ziyu Yan , Yili Xu , Yingwei Zhou , Lvna Qin , Mengli Chen , Chaolan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing organophosphate esters (OPEs) in wastewater have aroused great concerns, but their impacts on biological nitrogen removal process remained unclear. The effects of two ubiquitous OPEs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP), on biological nitrogen removal performance and microbial community were explored in activated sludge system. The results indicated that nitrogen removal efficiency remained stable (71.29%<span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>75.65%) with OPEs increased. Nitrite oxidation and denitrification processes were inhibited by high TnBP and TCEP concentrations, respectively. OPE-tolerant denitrifying bacteria (e.g., <em>Azonexus</em>, <em>Methyloversatilis</em>) were enriched under OPEs exposure. The oriented community succession resulted in more important deterministic process in community assembly and more interactions between nitrogen removal bacteria. Molecular ecological networks analysis indicated that more cooperation of keystone and functional taxa enhanced community stability under OPEs stress. The nitrogen metabolic functions were stimulated with increasing OPEs concentration, and the function of xenobiotics degradation was upregulated as the OPEs degradation bacteria enriched, which would alleviate the negative impacts of OPEs on the nitrogen removal process. Furthermore, carbon metabolic and electron transfer functions were altered to alleviate OPEs stress and facilitate denitrification. This study would provide new ecological insights into the adaptive evolution of microbial community to emerging contaminants in biological nitrogen removal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107420
Wenting Li , Chunhua Yang , Zhenxiang Feng , Yonggang Li
Accurate data acquisition in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is crucial for effective pollution mitigation. However, measurement errors and varying operating conditions pose significant challenges to data reliability. This paper proposes a multimode data reconciliation method to address these issues. First, slow feature analysis (SFA) extracts static and dynamic features, capturing subtle process variations that conventional methods overlook. Next, a two-level clustering approach is applied, where self-organizing maps (SOM) perform coarse clustering to reduce noise, and K-means refines cluster boundaries for more precise operating condition classification. Finally, a Correntropy-based robust reconciliation estimator mitigates measurement noise and outliers, enhancing accuracy across diverse operating states. Validated on Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1 (BSM1), the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, achieving RMSE and MAPE reductions of at least 79.62 % and 88.44 %, respectively. This framework significantly improves data quality and provides a scalable solution for multimode industrial processes.
{"title":"A multimode data reconciliation method for wastewater treatment processes","authors":"Wenting Li , Chunhua Yang , Zhenxiang Feng , Yonggang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate data acquisition in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is crucial for effective pollution mitigation. However, measurement errors and varying operating conditions pose significant challenges to data reliability. This paper proposes a multimode data reconciliation method to address these issues. First, slow feature analysis (SFA) extracts static and dynamic features, capturing subtle process variations that conventional methods overlook. Next, a two-level clustering approach is applied, where self-organizing maps (SOM) perform coarse clustering to reduce noise, and K-means refines cluster boundaries for more precise operating condition classification. Finally, a Correntropy-based robust reconciliation estimator mitigates measurement noise and outliers, enhancing accuracy across diverse operating states. Validated on Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1 (BSM1), the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, achieving RMSE and MAPE reductions of at least 79.62 % and 88.44 %, respectively. This framework significantly improves data quality and provides a scalable solution for multimode industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107461
Jheng-Sian Yang , Sri Chandana Panchangam , Angela Yu-Chen Lin
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural aquatic environments pose potential risks to the environment. Effective removal of mixed PPCPs is thus imperative. This study represents a novel application of a simulated sunlight-sulfite process for removing mixed PPCPs. The influence of sunlight irradiation, sulfite ion dosage and initial concentration of PPCPs were systematically studied. The degradation mechanism was explored using sulfamethoxazole as a model compound through scavenger experiments, byproduct analysis, and also toxicity assessment. Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were identified as the primary agents responsible for PPCPs removal, along with hydrated electrons, hydrogen radicals, superoxide radicals, and singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen was identified as a reactive species for the first time. The degradation pathways of sulfamethoxazole were examined, identifying five byproducts, and assessing the toxicity of these byproducts, finding minimal Microtox® toxicity. The influence of water matrix constituents and the effect of a real water matrix on mixed PPCPs removal were also explored. The results indicate that water matrix constituents compete for light absorption and quench hydroxyl radicals, leading to decreased degradation efficiency. The study demonstrated the simulated sunlight sulfite process as a promising approach for real application based on the overall removal effectiveness.
{"title":"Exploring simulated sunlight sulfite process for enhanced removal of mixed pharmaceutical and personal care products from aqueous solution","authors":"Jheng-Sian Yang , Sri Chandana Panchangam , Angela Yu-Chen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural aquatic environments pose potential risks to the environment. Effective removal of mixed PPCPs is thus imperative. This study represents a novel application of a simulated sunlight-sulfite process for removing mixed PPCPs. The influence of sunlight irradiation, sulfite ion dosage and initial concentration of PPCPs were systematically studied. The degradation mechanism was explored using sulfamethoxazole as a model compound through scavenger experiments, byproduct analysis, and also toxicity assessment. Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were identified as the primary agents responsible for PPCPs removal, along with hydrated electrons, hydrogen radicals, superoxide radicals, and singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen was identified as a reactive species for the first time. The degradation pathways of sulfamethoxazole were examined, identifying five byproducts, and assessing the toxicity of these byproducts, finding minimal Microtox® toxicity. The influence of water matrix constituents and the effect of a real water matrix on mixed PPCPs removal were also explored. The results indicate that water matrix constituents compete for light absorption and quench hydroxyl radicals, leading to decreased degradation efficiency. The study demonstrated the simulated sunlight sulfite process as a promising approach for real application based on the overall removal effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107461"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water hyacinth, due to its rapid growth rate and widespread, presents an opportunity for sustainable utilization, necessitating further research. Recent attention toward high-rate anaerobic digestion, especially of green or organic juices, suggests that juice from the water hyacinth plant could serve as an appropriate substrate. This study aims to assess the long-term performance, maximize treatment capacity limits across different phases, microbial community dynamics, and granule characteristics of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in response to increasing loadings of water hyacinth juice (WHJ). The findings demonstrated that the reactor maintains stable effluent pH levels (7.2–8.9) and supports high biogas production rates throughout the process. At an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.2 day, the process remained stable, achieving a biogas production rate of 2.2 L L-reactor−1 day−1 and organic carbon removal of around 90 %. For the first time, this study revealed that the use of water hyacinth, despite being an aquatic weed, effectively facilitated granule formation during anaerobic digestion process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed, robust, and stable granule textures. Microbial analyses indicated a diverse bacterial and archaeal community, with a Shannon index of 5.0 for bacteria and 2.3 for archaea, confirming the efficient degradation of water hyacinth juice. Overall, the results indicate that high-rate anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth juice is feasible, enabling the sustainable utilization and removal of excess water hyacinth. The high biogas production rate and granule formation observed in this study highlights the potential for large-scale bioenergy production and effective waste management.
{"title":"High-rate anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth juice in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with observations on granule formation","authors":"Pranshu Bhatia , Masaaki Fujiwara , Shin-ichi Akizuki , Daiki Maruyama , Nigus Gabbiye Habtu , Shinjiro Sato , Tatsuki Toda","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hyacinth, due to its rapid growth rate and widespread, presents an opportunity for sustainable utilization, necessitating further research. Recent attention toward high-rate anaerobic digestion, especially of green or organic juices, suggests that juice from the water hyacinth plant could serve as an appropriate substrate. This study aims to assess the long-term performance, maximize treatment capacity limits across different phases, microbial community dynamics, and granule characteristics of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in response to increasing loadings of water hyacinth juice (WHJ). The findings demonstrated that the reactor maintains stable effluent pH levels (7.2–8.9) and supports high biogas production rates throughout the process. At an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.2 day, the process remained stable, achieving a biogas production rate of 2.2 L L-reactor<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> and organic carbon removal of around 90 %. For the first time, this study revealed that the use of water hyacinth, despite being an aquatic weed, effectively facilitated granule formation during anaerobic digestion process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed, robust, and stable granule textures. Microbial analyses indicated a diverse bacterial and archaeal community, with a Shannon index of 5.0 for bacteria and 2.3 for archaea, confirming the efficient degradation of water hyacinth juice. Overall, the results indicate that high-rate anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth juice is feasible, enabling the sustainable utilization and removal of excess water hyacinth. The high biogas production rate and granule formation observed in this study highlights the potential for large-scale bioenergy production and effective waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107456
Huanjun Zhang , Xuanyue Xiong , Yi Li , Longfei Wang , Dong Li , Xuejun Feng
The increasing throughput of dry bulk ports is continuously escalating the demand for freshwater, challenging water resource management and port sustainability. Utilizing unconventional water resources is a potential solution, but the planning of water system designed to realize the efficient utilization of unconventional water resources in dry bulk ports remains poorly investigated. This study proposed a multi-objective optimization approach integrating life cycle assessment and life cycle costing for holistic planning of the water system. It considered environmental, economic, and social objectives while incorporating decision-makers' preferences. The utilization rate of unconventional water resources (URUWR), defined as the ratio of unconventional water resource utilization to total water consumption in ports, was regarded as the social objective. Huanghua Port was chosen as a case study. The results showed that the optimized schemes improved economic and environmental performance over the current scheme, while maintaining the URUWR ≥90 % (the development target for Huanghua Port). Specifically, prioritizing economic objectives reduced costs by 15.89 %–16.04 %, while prioritizing environmental objectives decreased environmental impact by 43.09 %–44.21 %; balancing both objectives achieved a 7.14 % cost reduction and a 20.11 % decrease in environmental impact. Contribution analysis revealed that optimizing the external water supply system was crucial for improving both objectives. Regarding cost-effectiveness, internal unconventional water resources were more advantageous and should be prioritized for development.
{"title":"A multi-objective optimization approach for holistic planning of the water system in dry bulk ports: integrating life cycle assessment and life cycle costing","authors":"Huanjun Zhang , Xuanyue Xiong , Yi Li , Longfei Wang , Dong Li , Xuejun Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing throughput of dry bulk ports is continuously escalating the demand for freshwater, challenging water resource management and port sustainability. Utilizing unconventional water resources is a potential solution, but the planning of water system designed to realize the efficient utilization of unconventional water resources in dry bulk ports remains poorly investigated. This study proposed a multi-objective optimization approach integrating life cycle assessment and life cycle costing for holistic planning of the water system. It considered environmental, economic, and social objectives while incorporating decision-makers' preferences. The utilization rate of unconventional water resources (URUWR), defined as the ratio of unconventional water resource utilization to total water consumption in ports, was regarded as the social objective. Huanghua Port was chosen as a case study. The results showed that the optimized schemes improved economic and environmental performance over the current scheme, while maintaining the URUWR ≥90 % (the development target for Huanghua Port). Specifically, prioritizing economic objectives reduced costs by 15.89 %–16.04 %, while prioritizing environmental objectives decreased environmental impact by 43.09 %–44.21 %; balancing both objectives achieved a 7.14 % cost reduction and a 20.11 % decrease in environmental impact. Contribution analysis revealed that optimizing the external water supply system was crucial for improving both objectives. Regarding cost-effectiveness, internal unconventional water resources were more advantageous and should be prioritized for development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107455
Yumeng Zhang , Zongqi Ding , Zewei Lin , Shoubin Chen , Shunjian Cheng , Kaiming Peng , Ru Guo , Xiangfeng Huang , Chen Cai , Jia Liu
Upgrading drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) plays a critical role in ensuring reliable urban water supply. However, an exclusive focus on water quality improvements may overlook its critical trade-offs in energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study developed a specific Effluent-Energy-Carbon Evaluation Model (EECEM) to assess the lifecycle impact of WTP upgrading and was verified in a full-scale water treatment plant in Fuzhou City, China. The result revealed that ozone-bioactivated carbon retrofitting improved the normalized Effluent Quality Index (EQI’) by 58.9 % but decreased the normalized Energy Index (EI’) and the normalized Carbon emission Index (CI’) by 70.7 % and 55.9 %, respectively. Economic analysis further revealed that upgrading raised construction costs by 18.9 % but reduced operational costs by 15.4 %. Notably, the coupling coordination degree (D) dropped by 17.3 %, indicating a decoupling between water quality gains and energy‑carbon trade-offs. 3D ternary mapping further identified regional divergences. Upgrading with advanced processes achieved 56 % higher D values in water-quality-sensitive zones, while conventional processes attained 104 % superiority in energy‑carbon-constrained areas. These findings highlight the complex trade-offs between treatment effectiveness and system sustainability. The study establishes a decision-support framework for WTP upgrades, emphasizing the necessity of adaptive optimization strategies to reconcile water-energy‑carbon (WEC) nexus conflicts.
{"title":"Quantitational life cycle assessment of Effluent-Energy-Carbon synergies and trade-offs in drinking water treatment plant upgrades","authors":"Yumeng Zhang , Zongqi Ding , Zewei Lin , Shoubin Chen , Shunjian Cheng , Kaiming Peng , Ru Guo , Xiangfeng Huang , Chen Cai , Jia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upgrading drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) plays a critical role in ensuring reliable urban water supply. However, an exclusive focus on water quality improvements may overlook its critical trade-offs in energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study developed a specific Effluent-Energy-Carbon Evaluation Model (EECEM) to assess the lifecycle impact of WTP upgrading and was verified in a full-scale water treatment plant in Fuzhou City, China. The result revealed that ozone-bioactivated carbon retrofitting improved the normalized Effluent Quality Index (EQI’) by 58.9 % but decreased the normalized Energy Index (EI’) and the normalized Carbon emission Index (CI’) by 70.7 % and 55.9 %, respectively. Economic analysis further revealed that upgrading raised construction costs by 18.9 % but reduced operational costs by 15.4 %. Notably, the coupling coordination degree (D) dropped by 17.3 %, indicating a decoupling between water quality gains and energy‑carbon trade-offs. 3D ternary mapping further identified regional divergences. Upgrading with advanced processes achieved 56 % higher D values in water-quality-sensitive zones, while conventional processes attained 104 % superiority in energy‑carbon-constrained areas. These findings highlight the complex trade-offs between treatment effectiveness and system sustainability. The study establishes a decision-support framework for WTP upgrades, emphasizing the necessity of adaptive optimization strategies to reconcile water-energy‑carbon (WEC) nexus conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107455"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107401
Zishan Aslam, Pervez Alam, Nasir Ahmed Rather
Phenol and its derivatives are toxic chemicals widely used in industries like plastics, coal tar resins, coking, and medicine. Classified as one of 129 essential pollutants by NPRI and USEPA, phenol requires proper wastewater treatment to prevent environmental and health hazards. This research investigates the startup kinetics of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) designed for the treatment of synthetic wastewater including phenol and glucose as principal substrates. The reactor operated at an 18-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT), an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.0013 kg COD/L per day, and a pH of 7–9, with a constant influent COD of 1000 ± 20 mg/L. Biomass was first acclimated to glucose and then gradually to phenol over five phases spanning seven months and 22 days. Using the Monod model, key biokinetic parameters at full phenol concentration were determined: Ks = 47.62 mg/L, k = 0.0485 mgCOD/mgVss·days, Y = 0.336 mgVss/mgCOD, kd = −0.024 days−1, and μmax = 0.016 days−1. The highest COD removal efficiency and biomass concentration were 92 % and 7.92 mg/L, respectively. The reactor reached pseudo-steady state in 41 days. Phase 5 showed a good model fit (R2 = 0.88–0.90), confirming the reactor's efficiency for industrial-scale phenolic wastewater treatment. The significant R2 values of 0.88 and 0.90 for the Monod model in final stage indicate that the kinetic parameters derived are well aligned with the experimental data, effectively depicting microbial growth and substrate utilisation. It also demonstrates the reactor's effectiveness for the industrial-scale treatment of phenolic waste.
{"title":"Startup kinetics of aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors for phenolic wastewater treatment by mesophilic bacteria","authors":"Zishan Aslam, Pervez Alam, Nasir Ahmed Rather","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol and its derivatives are toxic chemicals widely used in industries like plastics, coal tar resins, coking, and medicine. Classified as one of 129 essential pollutants by NPRI and USEPA, phenol requires proper wastewater treatment to prevent environmental and health hazards. This research investigates the startup kinetics of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) designed for the treatment of synthetic wastewater including phenol and glucose as principal substrates. The reactor operated at an 18-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT), an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.0013 kg COD/L per day, and a pH of 7–9, with a constant influent COD of 1000 ± 20 mg/L. Biomass was first acclimated to glucose and then gradually to phenol over five phases spanning seven months and 22 days. Using the Monod model, key biokinetic parameters at full phenol concentration were determined: Ks = 47.62 mg/L, k = 0.0485 mgCOD/mgVss·days, Y = 0.336 mgVss/mgCOD, kd = −0.024 days<sup>−1</sup>, and μmax = 0.016 days<sup>−1</sup>. The highest COD removal efficiency and biomass concentration were 92 % and 7.92 mg/L, respectively. The reactor reached pseudo-steady state in 41 days. Phase 5 showed a good model fit (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.88–0.90), confirming the reactor's efficiency for industrial-scale phenolic wastewater treatment. The significant R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.88 and 0.90 for the Monod model in final stage indicate that the kinetic parameters derived are well aligned with the experimental data, effectively depicting microbial growth and substrate utilisation. It also demonstrates the reactor's effectiveness for the industrial-scale treatment of phenolic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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