Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106856
Ward Quaghebeur , Elena Torfs , Mostafa Khalil , Ingmar Nopens , Bernard De Baets
Mathematical modelling is increasingly used to improve the design, understanding, and operation of water systems. Mechanistic models are dominant in the water sector, but are limited by the knowledge on which they are based. Incorporating a data-driven component allows for capturing missing dynamics from data, an approach commonly known as hybrid modelling. Here, we go one step further and leverage this data-driven component for model analysis. By applying Shapley value analysis, we can identify the dynamics missing in the mechanistic component. We demonstrate the strength of this method on two simulation studies, a simple Lotka–Volterra case and a complex activated sludge model case, successfully interpreting the missing dynamics. Moreover, we apply the Shapley value analysis to real data from a settling system, comparing and identifying the missing dynamics of different settler models. In all cases, the method gives valuable insights into the deficiencies of the mechanistic model. Shapley value analysis is of great value during modelling campaigns: identifying model weaknesses, aiding in model selection, and guiding decisions on future data collection efforts. It well deserves a spot in the modeller's toolbox.
{"title":"Uncovering unknown dynamics in water resource recovery facilities with neural differential equations and Shapley value analysis","authors":"Ward Quaghebeur , Elena Torfs , Mostafa Khalil , Ingmar Nopens , Bernard De Baets","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mathematical modelling is increasingly used to improve the design, understanding, and operation of water systems. Mechanistic models are dominant in the water sector, but are limited by the knowledge on which they are based. Incorporating a data-driven component allows for capturing missing dynamics from data, an approach commonly known as hybrid modelling. Here, we go one step further and leverage this data-driven component for model analysis. By applying Shapley value analysis, we can identify the dynamics missing in the mechanistic component. We demonstrate the strength of this method on two simulation studies, a simple Lotka–Volterra case and a complex activated sludge model case, successfully interpreting the missing dynamics. Moreover, we apply the Shapley value analysis to real data from a settling system, comparing and identifying the missing dynamics of different settler models. In all cases, the method gives valuable insights into the deficiencies of the mechanistic model. Shapley value analysis is of great value during modelling campaigns: identifying model weaknesses, aiding in model selection, and guiding decisions on future data collection efforts. It well deserves a spot in the modeller's toolbox.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106942
Guo Liu , Dian Liu , Mengyao Hu , Xi Ren , Yueyu Ran , Tianlie Luo , Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg
Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria (HN-AD) have been demonstrated to possess denitrification potential. The limited effectiveness of HN-AD in remediating nitrogen-polluted surface waters is attributed to its low C/N ratio. In this study, a magnetite photogenerated electrons coupled HN-AD bacteria system was constructed and its nitrogen removal mechanisms were revealed. The results demonstrated the electrons photo-generated by magnetite can effectively stimulate the growth of the HN-AD (Delftia sp., Y19).The coupled system of the ammonium and nitrate reached removal rates of 80.1 % and 71.3 %, which were 4 times higher than the strain Y19 alone (20.3 %, 15.2 %). Compared with dark conditions, the activity of enzymes (AMO, HAO, NAR and NIR) related to nitrogen removal in Y19 was increased by 4.81, 4.75, 6.45 and 4.78 times under sunlight irradiation, respectively. This suggests that the electrons photo-generated from magnetite can enhance the metabolic activities of the Y19 strain. Furthermore, the concentration of ferric ions dissolved from magnetite has been detected as equaling 0.13 mg/L, which plays a crucial role in the reduction of nitrate. The denitrification mechanisms of the coupled system can be incorporated: heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by strain Y19, photogenerated electrons reduction of magnetite, the reduction of ferric ions, and the adsorption of magnetite. After 9 days of running the simulator, the magnetite-Y19 coupled system achieved removal rates of 100 % for nitrate and chemical oxygen demand, and 36 % for ammonium. This study offers novel insights into the utilization of photogenerated electrons by microorganisms for remediating the low C/N ratio wastewater.
{"title":"Performance and mechanisms of heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrifying bacteria in utilizing photogenerated electrons from magnetite for efficient denitrification","authors":"Guo Liu , Dian Liu , Mengyao Hu , Xi Ren , Yueyu Ran , Tianlie Luo , Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria (HN-AD) have been demonstrated to possess denitrification potential. The limited effectiveness of HN-AD in remediating nitrogen-polluted surface waters is attributed to its low C/N ratio. In this study, a magnetite photogenerated electrons coupled HN-AD bacteria system was constructed and its nitrogen removal mechanisms were revealed. The results demonstrated the electrons photo-generated by magnetite can effectively stimulate the growth of the HN-AD <em>(Delftia sp.,</em> Y19).The coupled system of the ammonium and nitrate reached removal rates of 80.1 % and 71.3 %, which were 4 times higher than the strain Y19 alone (20.3 %, 15.2 %). Compared with dark conditions, the activity of enzymes (AMO, HAO, NAR and NIR) related to nitrogen removal in Y19 was increased by 4.81, 4.75, 6.45 and 4.78 times under sunlight irradiation, respectively. This suggests that the electrons photo-generated from magnetite can enhance the metabolic activities of the Y19 strain. Furthermore, the concentration of ferric ions dissolved from magnetite has been detected as equaling 0.13 mg/L, which plays a crucial role in the reduction of nitrate. The denitrification mechanisms of the coupled system can be incorporated: heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by strain Y19, photogenerated electrons reduction of magnetite, the reduction of ferric ions, and the adsorption of magnetite. After 9 days of running the simulator, the magnetite-Y19 coupled system achieved removal rates of 100 % for nitrate and chemical oxygen demand, and 36 % for ammonium. This study offers novel insights into the utilization of photogenerated electrons by microorganisms for remediating the low C/N ratio wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106942"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106917
Wenhao Chen , Hong Yang , Xiaotong Wang , Weichao Liu
The current sewage treatment systems are typically unable to efficiently remove both nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously, often compromising biological phosphorus removal to ensure effective nitrogen removal. To resolve this issue, this study establishes an independent enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system based on an immobilized fillers nitrogen removal system for treating actual rural sewage. The research focuses on the phosphorus removal performance, operational conditions, and characteristics of the independent EBPR system. When fluctuations occur in the effluent phosphorus concentration, phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) utilize only 29 % of the available carbon sources, with the remaining carbon being fully consumed by glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). The presence of GAOs and low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations leads to deteriorating phosphorus removal performance in the system. To address this, reducing the carbon load and increasing aeration are necessary to maintain effluent phosphorus concentrations below 0.5 mg·L−1. Tetrasphaera and Acinetobacter are identified as key microbial genera responsible for phosphate removal in this system. Finally, fluorescence excitation emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) showed that fermentation microorganisms, represented by Tetrasphaera, played a key role in the removal of tryptophan and tyrosine produced by raw wastewater and microbial metabolism.
{"title":"Experimental study on the establishment of independent enhanced biological phosphorus removal system based on immobilized fillers for wastewater nitrogen removal","authors":"Wenhao Chen , Hong Yang , Xiaotong Wang , Weichao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current sewage treatment systems are typically unable to efficiently remove both nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously, often compromising biological phosphorus removal to ensure effective nitrogen removal. To resolve this issue, this study establishes an independent enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system based on an immobilized fillers nitrogen removal system for treating actual rural sewage. The research focuses on the phosphorus removal performance, operational conditions, and characteristics of the independent EBPR system. When fluctuations occur in the effluent phosphorus concentration, phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) utilize only 29 % of the available carbon sources, with the remaining carbon being fully consumed by glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). The presence of GAOs and low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations leads to deteriorating phosphorus removal performance in the system. To address this, reducing the carbon load and increasing aeration are necessary to maintain effluent phosphorus concentrations below 0.5 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>. <em>Tetrasphaera</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em> are identified as key microbial genera responsible for phosphate removal in this system. Finally, fluorescence excitation emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) showed that fermentation microorganisms, represented by <em>Tetrasphaera</em>, played a key role in the removal of tryptophan and tyrosine produced by raw wastewater and microbial metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106953
Shunan Zhao , Keyang Li , Shaoqing Zhu , Qianli Guo , Ge Song , Kai Zhao , Qianming Gong , Ruiping Liu
Nitrobenzene, a representative aromatic pollutant, is widely present in industrial wastewaters such as those from the dye, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries. Its production and subsequent wastewater generation have raised significant environmental concerns due to its high toxicity and persistence in water bodies. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of nitrobenzene on anaerobic digestion (AD) and assesses the potential of hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) in mitigating these adverse impacts. Nitrobenzene significantly suppressed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and acidogenesis, reducing methane production by up to 47.9 % at 50 mg/L. The introduction of HCSs effectively enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), resulting in improved methane yields and pH stability under high nitrobenzene concentrations. In reactors with HCSs, biogas production increased by 32.8 %, even at 400 mg/L nitrobenzene, compared to the control. Microbial community analysis revealed that HCSs enriched DIET-related microorganisms, such as Methanothrix and Brooklawnia, while enhancing metabolic activities of key pathways including glycolysis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Notably, HCSs stimulated the expression of genes associated with electron transfer and volatile fatty acid degradation, thereby alleviating nitrobenzene-induced inhibition. The findings demonstrate that HCSs not only counteract the toxic impacts of nitrobenzene but also promote microbial resilience and metabolic efficiency. This work highlights the potential of HCSs as a robust strategy to enhance AD performance in the presence of inhibitory aromatic compounds, offering a promising application for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing nitrobenzene.
{"title":"Mitigating nitrobenzene toxicity in anaerobic digestion using hollow carbon spheres: Enhanced methane production via direct interspecies electron transfer","authors":"Shunan Zhao , Keyang Li , Shaoqing Zhu , Qianli Guo , Ge Song , Kai Zhao , Qianming Gong , Ruiping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrobenzene, a representative aromatic pollutant, is widely present in industrial wastewaters such as those from the dye, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries. Its production and subsequent wastewater generation have raised significant environmental concerns due to its high toxicity and persistence in water bodies. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of nitrobenzene on anaerobic digestion (AD) and assesses the potential of hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) in mitigating these adverse impacts. Nitrobenzene significantly suppressed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and acidogenesis, reducing methane production by up to 47.9 % at 50 mg/L. The introduction of HCSs effectively enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), resulting in improved methane yields and pH stability under high nitrobenzene concentrations. In reactors with HCSs, biogas production increased by 32.8 %, even at 400 mg/L nitrobenzene, compared to the control. Microbial community analysis revealed that HCSs enriched DIET-related microorganisms, such as <em>Methanothrix</em> and <em>Brooklawnia</em>, while enhancing metabolic activities of key pathways including glycolysis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Notably, HCSs stimulated the expression of genes associated with electron transfer and volatile fatty acid degradation, thereby alleviating nitrobenzene-induced inhibition. The findings demonstrate that HCSs not only counteract the toxic impacts of nitrobenzene but also promote microbial resilience and metabolic efficiency. This work highlights the potential of HCSs as a robust strategy to enhance AD performance in the presence of inhibitory aromatic compounds, offering a promising application for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing nitrobenzene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106953"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dissolved oxygen (Do) is a pivotal parameter in appraising water quality, significantly influencing aquatic ecosystems and aquatic. This study focuses on anticipating dissolved oxygen (Do) levels in the Santa Margarita River situated in Southern California. The main aim of this research is to develop a hybrid machine learning framework combined with an LSTM-MOOTLBO (Long Short-Term Memory-multi-objective observer-teacher-learner optimization) approach to improve the precision of dissolved oxygen (Do) forecasting. In this study, pH, specific conductivity (SC), temperature (T), and water flow data have been utilized to predict dissolved oxygen levels over an extended period. The results demonstrate that the combined LSTM-MOOTLBO model outperforms the traditional LSTM model in multiple situations. The integrated LSTM-MOOTLBO model at Lag-0 has successfully diminished the figure of input features from 28 to 11 in the optimal solution, thereby enhancing predictive performance. Furthermore, the PBIAS values in the proposed model are significantly lower than in the LSTM model. The outcome of the study indicated that the MOOTLBO model consistently achieved an R-value exceeding 0.87 across all the diverse lags that were analyzed. In contrast, the R-value in the LSTM model diminished from 0.295 to 0.84 in various lags. Notably, the MOOTLBO model demonstrated superior performance in RMSE. Specifically, the hybrid model investigated in this research could significantly reduce the RMSE value by an impressive 588 % when comparing the results at the seven-month lag to those obtained from the LSTM model. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the proposed hybrid model has favorably increased the performance in predicting DO data time series.
{"title":"Enhancing prediction of dissolved oxygen over Santa Margarita River: Long short-term memory incorporated with multi-objective observer-teacher-learner optimization","authors":"Siyamak Doroudi , Yusef Kheyruri , Ahmad Sharafati , Asaad Shakir Hameed","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissolved oxygen (Do) is a pivotal parameter in appraising water quality, significantly influencing aquatic ecosystems and aquatic. This study focuses on anticipating dissolved oxygen (Do) levels in the Santa Margarita River situated in Southern California. The main aim of this research is to develop a hybrid machine learning framework combined with an LSTM-MOOTLBO (Long Short-Term Memory-multi-objective observer-teacher-learner optimization) approach to improve the precision of dissolved oxygen (Do) forecasting. In this study, pH, specific conductivity (SC), temperature (T), and water flow data have been utilized to predict dissolved oxygen levels over an extended period. The results demonstrate that the combined LSTM-MOOTLBO model outperforms the traditional LSTM model in multiple situations. The integrated LSTM-MOOTLBO model at Lag-0 has successfully diminished the figure of input features from 28 to 11 in the optimal solution, thereby enhancing predictive performance. Furthermore, the PBIAS values in the proposed model are significantly lower than in the LSTM model. The outcome of the study indicated that the MOOTLBO model consistently achieved an R-value exceeding 0.87 across all the diverse lags that were analyzed. In contrast, the R-value in the LSTM model diminished from 0.295 to 0.84 in various lags. Notably, the MOOTLBO model demonstrated superior performance in RMSE. Specifically, the hybrid model investigated in this research could significantly reduce the RMSE value by an impressive 588 % when comparing the results at the seven-month lag to those obtained from the LSTM model. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the proposed hybrid model has favorably increased the performance in predicting DO data time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study selects ZIF-L(Co) as the representative of MOFs with etching effect and MIL-53 (Fe) as the representative of MOFs without etching effect, explores the effects of these two representative MOFs on membrane structure and properties before and after tannic acid (TA) etching. Experiments have shown that tannic acid has both chelating and etching effects on ZIF-L(Co), and only chelating effects on MIL-53 (Fe). The effect of tannic acid-modified MOFs on the formation and performance of loose nanofiltration membranes are investigated, and the application of membranes in high salinity textile wastewater is further explored. The results showed that the etched TAZIF-L(Co) improved membrane permeability, dye/salt selectivity, and stability compared with before etching. Through the value of diffusion coefficient D in mean square displacement (MSD), it can be seen that PIP / TAZIF-L (Co)(1.28*10−9m2s−1) is smaller than PIP / ZIF-L (Co) (1.68*10−9m2s−1), which proved that the MOFs etched by tannic acid have a greater influence on the diffusion rate of aqueous phase. It is known by density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculation, the blinding energy of TAZIF-L(Co) (−2.381 eV) and TAMIL-53(Fe) (−2.532 eV) are larger than the corresponding blinding energy before tannic acid etching (−1.282 eV, −1.591 eV). It proved the stability of MOFs in the aqueous phase. Therefore, this study provides experimental and theoretical references for the study of tannic acid-modified MOFs in loose nanofiltration membranes.
{"title":"The influence of metal organic frameworks(MOFs) after tannic acid etching on the performance and structure of loose nanofiltration membranes for enhanced dyes/salts selective separation","authors":"Shenghui Liu , Alhassan Martha Ndago , Biqin Chen , Shangsong Han , Weibin Chen , Jinke Zhang , Xing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study selects ZIF-L(Co) as the representative of MOFs with etching effect and MIL-53 (Fe) as the representative of MOFs without etching effect, explores the effects of these two representative MOFs on membrane structure and properties before and after tannic acid (TA) etching. Experiments have shown that tannic acid has both chelating and etching effects on ZIF-L(Co), and only chelating effects on MIL-53 (Fe). The effect of tannic acid-modified MOFs on the formation and performance of loose nanofiltration membranes are investigated, and the application of membranes in high salinity textile wastewater is further explored. The results showed that the etched TAZIF-L(Co) improved membrane permeability, dye/salt selectivity, and stability compared with before etching. Through the value of diffusion coefficient D in mean square displacement (MSD), it can be seen that PIP / TAZIF-L (Co)(1.28*10<sup>−9</sup>m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>) is smaller than PIP / ZIF-L (Co) (1.68*10<sup>−9</sup>m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>), which proved that the MOFs etched by tannic acid have a greater influence on the diffusion rate of aqueous phase. It is known by density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculation, the blinding energy of TAZIF-L(Co) (−2.381 eV) and TAMIL-53(Fe) (−2.532 eV) are larger than the corresponding blinding energy before tannic acid etching (−1.282 eV, −1.591 eV). It proved the stability of MOFs in the aqueous phase. Therefore, this study provides experimental and theoretical references for the study of tannic acid-modified MOFs in loose nanofiltration membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 107009"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107011
Rezvan Cheraghi, Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Zahra Valizadeh, Vahid Safarifard
Chromium (VI) contamination in water sources poses severe environmental and health risks due to its high toxicity and carcinogenic properties, necessitating the development of efficient treatment methods. This study presents a novel technique for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) using iron-based MOF combined with a polymer coated on a stainless steel mesh using the drop-casting method. The photocatalyst was created by coating MIL-88-A(Fe) and PVDF as polymeric binders on the mesh surface, displaying strong adhesion and suitable exposure to the target pollutant, maintaining 85 % efficiency after 5 recovery cycles, indicating good stability and reusability. The photocatalytic performance of the modified stainless steel mesh was evaluated under photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic conditions. The results show that a significant increase in Cr(VI) reduction is achieved when ultrasonic irradiation is applied simultaneously with light irradiation, attributed to the synergistic effects of ultrasound and the photocatalyst. Additionally, under optimal conditions, including pH 2, 60 min, 25 mg hole scavenger, 30 ppm initial Cr(VI) concentration, and 75 mg MOF loading, the photocatalytic system achieved 96 % Cr(VI) reduction. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, UV–Visible, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. This study confirmed the superior efficiency of the sonophotocatalytic method compared to the photocatalytic method for MIL-88-A(Fe). It also shows the potential of integrating MOFs with polymer binders on stainless steel mesh for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions.
{"title":"MIL-88-A(Fe)/PVDF coated stainless steel mesh using the drop casting method: A Superior photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction in aqueous solutions","authors":"Rezvan Cheraghi, Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Zahra Valizadeh, Vahid Safarifard","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium (VI) contamination in water sources poses severe environmental and health risks due to its high toxicity and carcinogenic properties, necessitating the development of efficient treatment methods. This study presents a novel technique for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) using iron-based MOF combined with a polymer coated on a stainless steel mesh using the drop-casting method. The photocatalyst was created by coating MIL-88-A(Fe) and PVDF as polymeric binders on the mesh surface, displaying strong adhesion and suitable exposure to the target pollutant, maintaining 85 % efficiency after 5 recovery cycles, indicating good stability and reusability. The photocatalytic performance of the modified stainless steel mesh was evaluated under photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic conditions. The results show that a significant increase in Cr(VI) reduction is achieved when ultrasonic irradiation is applied simultaneously with light irradiation, attributed to the synergistic effects of ultrasound and the photocatalyst. Additionally, under optimal conditions, including pH 2, 60 min, 25 mg hole scavenger, 30 ppm initial Cr(VI) concentration, and 75 mg MOF loading, the photocatalytic system achieved 96 % Cr(VI) reduction. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, UV–Visible, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. This study confirmed the superior efficiency of the sonophotocatalytic method compared to the photocatalytic method for MIL-88-A(Fe). It also shows the potential of integrating MOFs with polymer binders on stainless steel mesh for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 107011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106950
Mojtaba Zarei , Bahram Dabir , Nima Esmaeilian , David M. Warsinger
As global water scarcity intensifies, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), such as fog and dew collection using surfaces, offers a cost-effective and scalable solution. Although fog and dew harvesting on surfaces operate through different processes, both approaches rely on efficient droplet transfer, with dew harvesting further benefiting from dropwise condensation for enhanced performance. Here, nature-inspired millimetric bumpy patterns were fabricated on an aluminum surface using selective laser melting 3D printing to enhance dropwise condensation. Investigation showed the geometry significantly influenced droplet growth, with droplets at the apex of bumps growing approximately three times larger than those on flat areas. Following this, a nanometric two-layer was applied by coating the substrate in a silicon-based solution and exposing it to methylchlorosilane vapor. This process created an environmentally friendly, covalently bonded liquid-like polymer on the surface, forming a smooth, durable lubricating thin layer with ultralow contact angle hysteresis (CAH <3°), facilitating rapid droplet shedding and transport. Water harvesting performance tests under different environmental conditions showed that the patterned surface outperformed a flat one in both dew and fog harvesting. In dew harvesting, surface cooling increased specific water production (SWP), with the patterned surface reaching a maximum of 55 mg cm−2 h−1 with 72 % efficiency. In fog harvesting, SWP was significantly higher, with the patterned surface reaching 3055 mg cm−2 h−1 with 45 % efficiency. Furthermore, the coating's stability and resistance to high temperatures and humidity make it well-suited for industries requiring efficient condensation. This study helps improve water harvesting systems, contributing to a sustainable future.
{"title":"Biomimetic bumpy and eco-friendly slippery surfaces for enhanced dew and fog water harvesting","authors":"Mojtaba Zarei , Bahram Dabir , Nima Esmaeilian , David M. Warsinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.106950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global water scarcity intensifies, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), such as fog and dew collection using surfaces, offers a cost-effective and scalable solution. Although fog and dew harvesting on surfaces operate through different processes, both approaches rely on efficient droplet transfer, with dew harvesting further benefiting from dropwise condensation for enhanced performance. Here, nature-inspired millimetric bumpy patterns were fabricated on an aluminum surface using selective laser melting 3D printing to enhance dropwise condensation. Investigation showed the geometry significantly influenced droplet growth, with droplets at the apex of bumps growing approximately three times larger than those on flat areas. Following this, a nanometric two-layer was applied by coating the substrate in a silicon-based solution and exposing it to methylchlorosilane vapor. This process created an environmentally friendly, covalently bonded liquid-like polymer on the surface, forming a smooth, durable lubricating thin layer with ultralow contact angle hysteresis (CAH <3°), facilitating rapid droplet shedding and transport. Water harvesting performance tests under different environmental conditions showed that the patterned surface outperformed a flat one in both dew and fog harvesting. In dew harvesting, surface cooling increased specific water production (SWP), with the patterned surface reaching a maximum of 55 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with 72 % efficiency. In fog harvesting, SWP was significantly higher, with the patterned surface reaching 3055 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with 45 % efficiency. Furthermore, the coating's stability and resistance to high temperatures and humidity make it well-suited for industries requiring efficient condensation. This study helps improve water harvesting systems, contributing to a sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106928
Ghadeer G. Alharbi , Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid
Oil spill pollution poses severe risks to water resources, causing significant harm to marine ecosystems and presenting an ongoing threat to environmental health. To address this issue, various oil sorbent materials have been researched and evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating such pollution. In this study, we successfully fabricated a highly efficient hydrophobic nanofibrous membrane using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)-based semi-alicyclic polyimide through electrospinning technology. The resulting membrane exhibits a uniform nanofibrous structure with a bead-free surface morphology. Contact angle measurements of approximately 133° confirmed the membrane's hydrophobicity, a critical property for effective oil sorption. Oil uptake tests demonstrated exceptional performance, with the sorbent showing a high adsorption capacity of 78, 50 and 45 g g−1 for crude oil, diesel, and kerosene, respectively. Given its rapid adsorption rate and robust performance, this polyimide-based nanofibrous membrane is a promising material for sustainable oil spill cleanup applications.
{"title":"Electrospun nanofibrous membranes based on a semi-alicyclic polyimide for efficient oil spill remediation","authors":"Ghadeer G. Alharbi , Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil spill pollution poses severe risks to water resources, causing significant harm to marine ecosystems and presenting an ongoing threat to environmental health. To address this issue, various oil sorbent materials have been researched and evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating such pollution. In this study, we successfully fabricated a highly efficient hydrophobic nanofibrous membrane using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)-based semi-alicyclic polyimide through electrospinning technology. The resulting membrane exhibits a uniform nanofibrous structure with a bead-free surface morphology. Contact angle measurements of approximately 133° confirmed the membrane's hydrophobicity, a critical property for effective oil sorption. Oil uptake tests demonstrated exceptional performance, with the sorbent showing a high adsorption capacity of 78, 50 and 45 g g<sup>−1</sup> for crude oil, diesel, and kerosene, respectively. Given its rapid adsorption rate and robust performance, this polyimide-based nanofibrous membrane is a promising material for sustainable oil spill cleanup applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106928"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107001
Mateen Ahmad , Ayesha Ghafoor , Sun Haoran , Usman Ali , Meng Xianglong , Alieu Kamara , Afaq Nazir , Zhong Jie , Zhen Liu , Zifeng Yan
TiO₂-based photocatalysts are highly active for the degradation of methyl orange in water due to their cost-effectiveness and high efficacy. However, their activity is often limited by factors such as high band gap (3.26 eV), Schottky barrier resistance and rapid electron-hole recombination. To overcome these limitations and enhance catalytic activity, a facile and effective approach is required. In this study, a highly dispersed NiSe-based TiO₂ photocatalyst with a lower band gap and electron-hole recombination was formed using the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR, TG-DTG, UV–Vis DRS and elemental mapping. Results revealed that NiSe nanoparticles dispersed smoothly over TiO2 matrix and effectively reduced the bad gap to 1.5 eV. Experimental results showed that among tested catalysts, 32NiSe/TiO₂ exhibits exceptional performance, achieving a rapid degradation efficiency of 99.2 % in 70 min time due to its remarkable activity rate of 1.33 mmol/h·g, turnover number (TON = 0.51) and turnover frequency (TOF = 0.43 h−1) along with a shorter half-life of 0.176 h. The photodegradation of methyl orange over 32NiSe/TiO₂ predominantly followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a higher reaction rate of 0.065 min−1. In addition, the exceptional regeneration ability and stability of 32NiSe/TiO₂ make it a suitable and cost-effective candidate for real-world applications.
{"title":"Acquiescent tailoring of TiO2 band gap via surged NiSe NPs decoration for accelerated photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange","authors":"Mateen Ahmad , Ayesha Ghafoor , Sun Haoran , Usman Ali , Meng Xianglong , Alieu Kamara , Afaq Nazir , Zhong Jie , Zhen Liu , Zifeng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiO₂-based photocatalysts are highly active for the degradation of methyl orange in water due to their cost-effectiveness and high efficacy. However, their activity is often limited by factors such as high band gap (3.26 eV), Schottky barrier resistance and rapid electron-hole recombination. To overcome these limitations and enhance catalytic activity, a facile and effective approach is required. In this study, a highly dispersed NiSe-based TiO₂ photocatalyst with a lower band gap and electron-hole recombination was formed using the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR, TG-DTG, UV–Vis DRS and elemental mapping. Results revealed that NiSe nanoparticles dispersed smoothly over TiO<sub>2</sub> matrix and effectively reduced the bad gap to 1.5 eV. Experimental results showed that among tested catalysts, 32NiSe/TiO₂ exhibits exceptional performance, achieving a rapid degradation efficiency of 99.2 % in 70 min time due to its remarkable activity rate of 1.33 mmol/h·g, turnover number (TON = 0.51) and turnover frequency (TOF = 0.43 h<sup>−1</sup>) along with a shorter half-life of 0.176 h. The photodegradation of methyl orange over 32NiSe/TiO₂ predominantly followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a higher reaction rate of 0.065 min<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the exceptional regeneration ability and stability of 32NiSe/TiO₂ make it a suitable and cost-effective candidate for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 107001"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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