With the development of society, water resources are gradually scarce and water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which would seriously restrict the development of the urban economy. In response to the current problems of water scarcity and severe water pollution, this article will study the key points of urban environmental design development based on ecological concepts. This article will also use ecological concepts to divide water function zones based on different pollution-carrying capacities in different regions, which can be mainly divided into two levels. In the experimental analysis section, the Xiongan New Area will be analyzed. This article randomly selected three regions in the Xiongan New Area and studied the utilization rate of various types of water in these regions. The pollution capacity and main water resources of each region in the functional area were planned and designed. Through experiments, it can be found that based on ecological concepts, it is beneficial to improve the pollutant-carrying capacity of each functional area and reduce the total amount of ammonia nitrogen.
{"title":"Development of water resources protection planning and environmental design in urban water conservancy landscape based on ecological concept","authors":"Hua Huang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 With the development of society, water resources are gradually scarce and water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which would seriously restrict the development of the urban economy. In response to the current problems of water scarcity and severe water pollution, this article will study the key points of urban environmental design development based on ecological concepts. This article will also use ecological concepts to divide water function zones based on different pollution-carrying capacities in different regions, which can be mainly divided into two levels. In the experimental analysis section, the Xiongan New Area will be analyzed. This article randomly selected three regions in the Xiongan New Area and studied the utilization rate of various types of water in these regions. The pollution capacity and main water resources of each region in the functional area were planned and designed. Through experiments, it can be found that based on ecological concepts, it is beneficial to improve the pollutant-carrying capacity of each functional area and reduce the total amount of ammonia nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85792139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hu Liu, Ning Liu, Danli Zhang, Jianzi Zhu, Yonghua Zhu
Determining sources of uncertainty in the agricultural water supply helps to increase irrigation scheduling accuracy. Among the most important sources of uncertainty parameters such as evapotranspiration, coefficient of sensitivity to water stress, cultivation costs, selling prices of products, and water allocated to plants. This study was conducted to estimate the fluctuations of the response due to the uncertainty of four parameters of soil moisture, water provided for cultivation, cost of cultivation during the growing season, and coefficient of sensitivity to drought. In the concept of water and food nexus, two basic factors, including increasing economic productivity and achieving maximum product production, are known as decision criteria. Therefore, mathematical modeling of net income and the ratio of actual and potential yield production has been prepared according to the four uncertain input variables of the problem. The proposed model has used a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate the best values of non-deterministic variables. The results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the range of changes in performance and net profit compared to the coefficient of sensitivity to water stress has different ranges and mechanisms and knowing the nature of each helps to improve the responses.
{"title":"Incorporating economy and water demand rate uncertainty into decision-making for agricultural water allocation during droughts","authors":"Hu Liu, Ning Liu, Danli Zhang, Jianzi Zhu, Yonghua Zhu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Determining sources of uncertainty in the agricultural water supply helps to increase irrigation scheduling accuracy. Among the most important sources of uncertainty parameters such as evapotranspiration, coefficient of sensitivity to water stress, cultivation costs, selling prices of products, and water allocated to plants. This study was conducted to estimate the fluctuations of the response due to the uncertainty of four parameters of soil moisture, water provided for cultivation, cost of cultivation during the growing season, and coefficient of sensitivity to drought. In the concept of water and food nexus, two basic factors, including increasing economic productivity and achieving maximum product production, are known as decision criteria. Therefore, mathematical modeling of net income and the ratio of actual and potential yield production has been prepared according to the four uncertain input variables of the problem. The proposed model has used a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate the best values of non-deterministic variables. The results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the range of changes in performance and net profit compared to the coefficient of sensitivity to water stress has different ranges and mechanisms and knowing the nature of each helps to improve the responses.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72956170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhumika Kumari, Tirumalesh Keesari, Pant Diksha, A. Roy, H. Mohokar, U. K. Sinha, H. J. Pant
In this article, a coastal region of India having high water demand for irrigation supply was studied for its groundwater quality in temporal and spatial domains. The statistical tests (Shapiro–Wilk W and Anderson–Darling A) of the chemical data of over 100 groundwater samples of the study area indicate the non-parametric nature of the distribution. The chemical results indicate high concentrations of F− and NO3- ions were present in 12 and 28% of samples above drinking water permissible limits. Similarly, Cl– ion, and TH were higher while Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions were marginally higher as compared to drinking water limits. Kruskal–Wallis (ANOVA) test results indicate that seasonal variations are not very significant among chemical species. Based on irrigation water quality indicators groundwater samples fall under excellent to doubtful category during premonsoon and permissible to unsuitable category during postmonsoon season. These inferences were verified by using the Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) computed by Shannon's entropy technique. The spatial contours of the EWQI values clearly suggest that the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater is greater in the northern parts of the study area. Optimizing fertilizer application and effluent treatment can improve the groundwater quality thereby achieving sustainable groundwater management in this region.
{"title":"A synoptic assessment of groundwater quality in high water-demand regions of coastal Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Bhumika Kumari, Tirumalesh Keesari, Pant Diksha, A. Roy, H. Mohokar, U. K. Sinha, H. J. Pant","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this article, a coastal region of India having high water demand for irrigation supply was studied for its groundwater quality in temporal and spatial domains. The statistical tests (Shapiro–Wilk W and Anderson–Darling A) of the chemical data of over 100 groundwater samples of the study area indicate the non-parametric nature of the distribution. The chemical results indicate high concentrations of F− and NO3- ions were present in 12 and 28% of samples above drinking water permissible limits. Similarly, Cl– ion, and TH were higher while Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions were marginally higher as compared to drinking water limits. Kruskal–Wallis (ANOVA) test results indicate that seasonal variations are not very significant among chemical species. Based on irrigation water quality indicators groundwater samples fall under excellent to doubtful category during premonsoon and permissible to unsuitable category during postmonsoon season. These inferences were verified by using the Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) computed by Shannon's entropy technique. The spatial contours of the EWQI values clearly suggest that the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater is greater in the northern parts of the study area. Optimizing fertilizer application and effluent treatment can improve the groundwater quality thereby achieving sustainable groundwater management in this region.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taking the watershed of Nanchang city as an example, through extensive investigations, the socio-economic status, water environment status, and development status of the agricultural industry in the watershed of Nanchang city were evaluated, and the coupling relationship between industrial structure and water environment was analyzed. The dynamic simulation of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in the Nanchang city basin under the constraints of the water environment was carried out to provide scientific decision-making on water resource shortage and other issues in the Nanchang city basin and to effectively solve the problem of water resource shortage. The research results showed that under the constraints of Scheme 2, the growth rate of agricultural output was in a relatively good development process, which was 8.56% in the short term, 6.65% in the medium term, and 10.33% in the long term. It is necessary to conduct research on the agricultural industrial structure in Nanchang city, which is also conducive to the protection of the water environment.
{"title":"Application of water resource economic management model in agricultural structure adjustment","authors":"Xinru Xiao, Yue Su","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Taking the watershed of Nanchang city as an example, through extensive investigations, the socio-economic status, water environment status, and development status of the agricultural industry in the watershed of Nanchang city were evaluated, and the coupling relationship between industrial structure and water environment was analyzed. The dynamic simulation of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in the Nanchang city basin under the constraints of the water environment was carried out to provide scientific decision-making on water resource shortage and other issues in the Nanchang city basin and to effectively solve the problem of water resource shortage. The research results showed that under the constraints of Scheme 2, the growth rate of agricultural output was in a relatively good development process, which was 8.56% in the short term, 6.65% in the medium term, and 10.33% in the long term. It is necessary to conduct research on the agricultural industrial structure in Nanchang city, which is also conducive to the protection of the water environment.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80962349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The establishment of district metered areas (DMAs) is a highly effective method to mitigate operational management difficulties and enhance the efficiency of water distribution networks (WDNs). There are several objectives associated with the DMA's design that are contingent upon the network parameters that are affected by its formation. Two previous studies considered DMA design as a three-objective problem (operational cost, average pressure and water age) and a four-objective problem (design cost, pressure deviation, resilience index (RI) and demand shortfall) for pumped and gravity networks, respectively. The problems were addressed through the implementation of a multi-phase DMA design methodology using the NSGA-II and NSGA-III optimisation tools, respectively. The present work builds upon previous research by simultaneously considering five objectives in DMA design (i.e. design cost, operational cost, RI, average pressure and water age) using the NSGA-III optimisation tool in pumped water networks. In this extended approach, the pump's role in meeting nodal demands eliminates the necessity of including demand shortfall as one of the objectives. The proposed methodology has been evaluated on two benchmark networks, demonstrating its capability to identify DMA alternatives and provide solutions based on user preferences. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the previous study's findings.
{"title":"Many-objective optimisation tool for the design of district metered areas in pumped water distribution networks","authors":"Aniket Nandkumar Sharma, S. Dongre, Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.232","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The establishment of district metered areas (DMAs) is a highly effective method to mitigate operational management difficulties and enhance the efficiency of water distribution networks (WDNs). There are several objectives associated with the DMA's design that are contingent upon the network parameters that are affected by its formation. Two previous studies considered DMA design as a three-objective problem (operational cost, average pressure and water age) and a four-objective problem (design cost, pressure deviation, resilience index (RI) and demand shortfall) for pumped and gravity networks, respectively. The problems were addressed through the implementation of a multi-phase DMA design methodology using the NSGA-II and NSGA-III optimisation tools, respectively. The present work builds upon previous research by simultaneously considering five objectives in DMA design (i.e. design cost, operational cost, RI, average pressure and water age) using the NSGA-III optimisation tool in pumped water networks. In this extended approach, the pump's role in meeting nodal demands eliminates the necessity of including demand shortfall as one of the objectives. The proposed methodology has been evaluated on two benchmark networks, demonstrating its capability to identify DMA alternatives and provide solutions based on user preferences. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the previous study's findings.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84774232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources not only threaten the physical health of rural residents but also affect their drinking water needs, causing certain damage to the rural water ecosystem services (WES) and threatening the coordinated development of the natural ecological environment. In response to issues such as outdated personnel awareness, severe WES waste, and low resource utilization in current WES governance, this article optimized and monitored relevant governance methods for the rural WES environment to improve the sustainable utilization of WES. This article analyzed the main types of WES and studied the monitoring and governance methods of WES governance. This article used the projection pursuit model to evaluate the governance methods of WES comprehensively and proposed corresponding strategies for optimal utilization to improve the utilization rate of WES. The WES utilization rate and rural sewage treatment capacity after optimization measures were higher than those before optimization measures. The utilization rate of WES after the optimization strategy was 15.4% higher than before, and the rural pollution treatment capacity was 17.8% higher than before the optimization strategy. Improving investment in water pollution technology and environmental infrastructure in rural areas is important and positive in improving rural WES governance and sustainable utilization.
{"title":"Ecosystem governance of rural water ecosystem services under sustainable utilization","authors":"Shujie Yang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water resources not only threaten the physical health of rural residents but also affect their drinking water needs, causing certain damage to the rural water ecosystem services (WES) and threatening the coordinated development of the natural ecological environment. In response to issues such as outdated personnel awareness, severe WES waste, and low resource utilization in current WES governance, this article optimized and monitored relevant governance methods for the rural WES environment to improve the sustainable utilization of WES. This article analyzed the main types of WES and studied the monitoring and governance methods of WES governance. This article used the projection pursuit model to evaluate the governance methods of WES comprehensively and proposed corresponding strategies for optimal utilization to improve the utilization rate of WES. The WES utilization rate and rural sewage treatment capacity after optimization measures were higher than those before optimization measures. The utilization rate of WES after the optimization strategy was 15.4% higher than before, and the rural pollution treatment capacity was 17.8% higher than before the optimization strategy. Improving investment in water pollution technology and environmental infrastructure in rural areas is important and positive in improving rural WES governance and sustainable utilization.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pipe burst response of an innovative Dutch water distribution network is compared to a traditional looped North American network. Dutch networks focus on water quality and use smaller diameter pipes in branches. The branched network discharges much less water after a burst, which may reduce local flooding, traffic disruption, and product and energy loss. In addition, high velocities and transient pressures are shown to be much more localized in the branched Dutch network after a burst, reducing the risks associated with the intrusion of contaminants. However, despite improved water quality, less water loss, and more localized transients, the branched network cannot meet water demands downstream of the burst until the pipe is repaired, unlike a traditional looped network. Lastly, the Dutch design suggests a need for rethinking of needed fire flows in North America. For modern buildings that meet current design guidelines, the Dutch are content with much lower fire-flow requirements that provide the flexibility to improve water quality and reduce the consequences of pipe bursts, especially water loss.
{"title":"How different regional approaches to the network design result in key differences in burst event severity and failure vulnerability","authors":"John H. Gibson, B. Karney","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The pipe burst response of an innovative Dutch water distribution network is compared to a traditional looped North American network. Dutch networks focus on water quality and use smaller diameter pipes in branches. The branched network discharges much less water after a burst, which may reduce local flooding, traffic disruption, and product and energy loss. In addition, high velocities and transient pressures are shown to be much more localized in the branched Dutch network after a burst, reducing the risks associated with the intrusion of contaminants. However, despite improved water quality, less water loss, and more localized transients, the branched network cannot meet water demands downstream of the burst until the pipe is repaired, unlike a traditional looped network. Lastly, the Dutch design suggests a need for rethinking of needed fire flows in North America. For modern buildings that meet current design guidelines, the Dutch are content with much lower fire-flow requirements that provide the flexibility to improve water quality and reduce the consequences of pipe bursts, especially water loss.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89444634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today's society is grappling with a critical issue: how to sustainably expand rural ecotourism and make good use of water resources (the following expressions are all denoted by WRs). This paper has analyzed the characteristics of rural ecotourism based on the current situation of WR utilization, starting from the meaning of rural ecotourism, and has taken three tourist villages for research on the utilization of WRs. The results indicated that the WRs used in the tourism industry in rich villages in 2019 accounted for the highest proportion (28.81%) between 2010 and 2019; medium villages reached a maximum of 18.32% in 2017; poor villages in 2014 used the highest proportion of WRs in the tourism industry between 2010 and 2019, accounting for 37.76%. Poor villages have consistently spent the largest amount of water in the tourism industry. It showed that blindly utilizing WRs in the tourism industry could not promote economic development, only rational distribution could achieve sustainable economic growth and sustainable development of tourism ecology. This paper has also discussed the problems of water utilization in rural ecotourism development using this research and provides corresponding solution strategies, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of rural ecotourism.
{"title":"Rational utilization of water resources to promote sustainable development of rural ecotourism","authors":"Songting Zhang, Yichao Wu, Bo Xu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Today's society is grappling with a critical issue: how to sustainably expand rural ecotourism and make good use of water resources (the following expressions are all denoted by WRs). This paper has analyzed the characteristics of rural ecotourism based on the current situation of WR utilization, starting from the meaning of rural ecotourism, and has taken three tourist villages for research on the utilization of WRs. The results indicated that the WRs used in the tourism industry in rich villages in 2019 accounted for the highest proportion (28.81%) between 2010 and 2019; medium villages reached a maximum of 18.32% in 2017; poor villages in 2014 used the highest proportion of WRs in the tourism industry between 2010 and 2019, accounting for 37.76%. Poor villages have consistently spent the largest amount of water in the tourism industry. It showed that blindly utilizing WRs in the tourism industry could not promote economic development, only rational distribution could achieve sustainable economic growth and sustainable development of tourism ecology. This paper has also discussed the problems of water utilization in rural ecotourism development using this research and provides corresponding solution strategies, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of rural ecotourism.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. M. Folarin, B. S. Badmus, O. D. Akinyemi, O. A. Idowu, A. Oke, T. Omodele, G. Badmus
Good water quality is very vital to the productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The suitability for irrigation of groundwater samples collected and analyzed during dry and wet seasons from Ajegunle, Akufo, and Eruwa farm settlements of southwestern Nigeria were assessed using several irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs). The parameters were analyzed statistically and subjected to correlation. Seasonal spatial distribution maps were generated via GIS. All the water samples from the three farm settlements were found to be mostly soft, fresh, excellent, and suitable for irrigation in both seasons. Meanwhile, soluble sodium percentage (SSP) and Kelly's Ratio (KR) revealed them as unsuitable while other parameters showed different degrees of suitability for different samples from different farm settlements in different seasons. Significant correlations were seen between the selected parameters in both seasons. The distribution maps reveal the spatial distributions of selected parameters within Ajegunle and Akufo farm settlements. Utilizing these findings will enhance systematic groundwater exploitation for irrigation within the settlements. Furthermore, systematic irrigation management practices and crop choices, based on the concentrations and distribution of the parameters viz-a-viz crop requirements should be considered to limit potential dangers that may arise with the use of the water over a long period.
{"title":"Assessment, classification, and mapping of groundwater quality for agriculture in selected farm settlements of southwestern Nigeria","authors":"G. M. Folarin, B. S. Badmus, O. D. Akinyemi, O. A. Idowu, A. Oke, T. Omodele, G. Badmus","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Good water quality is very vital to the productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture. The suitability for irrigation of groundwater samples collected and analyzed during dry and wet seasons from Ajegunle, Akufo, and Eruwa farm settlements of southwestern Nigeria were assessed using several irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs). The parameters were analyzed statistically and subjected to correlation. Seasonal spatial distribution maps were generated via GIS. All the water samples from the three farm settlements were found to be mostly soft, fresh, excellent, and suitable for irrigation in both seasons. Meanwhile, soluble sodium percentage (SSP) and Kelly's Ratio (KR) revealed them as unsuitable while other parameters showed different degrees of suitability for different samples from different farm settlements in different seasons. Significant correlations were seen between the selected parameters in both seasons. The distribution maps reveal the spatial distributions of selected parameters within Ajegunle and Akufo farm settlements. Utilizing these findings will enhance systematic groundwater exploitation for irrigation within the settlements. Furthermore, systematic irrigation management practices and crop choices, based on the concentrations and distribution of the parameters viz-a-viz crop requirements should be considered to limit potential dangers that may arise with the use of the water over a long period.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84195245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In uneven terrain regions, the location of the water tank plays a significant role in pressure distribution and economical pipe sizes in the water distribution system. This study aimed to determine suitable tank locations by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS). Factors such as elevation, slope, population, land use land cover, and, distance to the road are considered for this analysis. Thematic maps are created in ArcGIS and weights are determined using the AHP method. From the weighted overlay analysis, the result shows that 15.59, 52.36, 31.31, and 0.63% of the areas are suitable, moderately suitable, least suitable, and unsuitable, respectively. Since the area has an elevation range of 27–87 m, it is divided into three zones. An unsuitable location falls only under one zone; therefore, the results are tested in EPANET by locating the tanks in suitable and least suitable locations. Locating the tanks in suitable locations reduces the size of pipes economically and maintains the pressure successfully while locating the tanks in the least suitable locations creates a negative pressure and increases the pipe size. This study helps the designers to obtain an effective design of a water distribution network by evaluating suitable tank locations.
{"title":"Site suitability analysis of water tank in Athivilai village of India using an analytical hierarchy process and a geographical information system","authors":"Ajitha T. T., V. R","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In uneven terrain regions, the location of the water tank plays a significant role in pressure distribution and economical pipe sizes in the water distribution system. This study aimed to determine suitable tank locations by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS). Factors such as elevation, slope, population, land use land cover, and, distance to the road are considered for this analysis. Thematic maps are created in ArcGIS and weights are determined using the AHP method. From the weighted overlay analysis, the result shows that 15.59, 52.36, 31.31, and 0.63% of the areas are suitable, moderately suitable, least suitable, and unsuitable, respectively. Since the area has an elevation range of 27–87 m, it is divided into three zones. An unsuitable location falls only under one zone; therefore, the results are tested in EPANET by locating the tanks in suitable and least suitable locations. Locating the tanks in suitable locations reduces the size of pipes economically and maintains the pressure successfully while locating the tanks in the least suitable locations creates a negative pressure and increases the pipe size. This study helps the designers to obtain an effective design of a water distribution network by evaluating suitable tank locations.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81366385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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