Jiajing Chen, M. Zhu, Guo Liu, Man Gao, J. Liu, Wen Zhang
Studies on groundwater quality and possible hazards to human health are important for improved groundwater utilization. This study explored the chemistry of groundwater in Qixing Town and the influencing factors. Statistical evaluation, ion correlation, Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) assessment, and human health risk evaluation were conducted on data derived from 25 groundwater samples. The main groundwater chemistry types were HCO3–Na and HCO3–Ca. The results of ion and geological modeling analysis indicated that major ion concentrations were mainly determined by cation exchange. The study on the variation of heavy metal concentration in groundwater with depth shows that the heavy metal content in groundwater decreases first and then increases with the increase of depth. And the EWQI suggested that groundwater was suitable for drinking. The total carcinogenic health risks for Cr and As for both adults and children were higher than the highest permissible hazard value suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The categorization of hazardous ingestion (HI) by the USEPA indicated a negligible non-carcinogenic hazard to human health by toxic metals. The results suggest the need to increase Cr and As contamination monitoring in shallow groundwater. This study can facilitate the rational development of groundwater resources.
{"title":"Determining the factors controlling the chemical composition of groundwater using geochemical methods and groundwater health assessment in the Qixing town, southwest China","authors":"Jiajing Chen, M. Zhu, Guo Liu, Man Gao, J. Liu, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.214","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on groundwater quality and possible hazards to human health are important for improved groundwater utilization. This study explored the chemistry of groundwater in Qixing Town and the influencing factors. Statistical evaluation, ion correlation, Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) assessment, and human health risk evaluation were conducted on data derived from 25 groundwater samples. The main groundwater chemistry types were HCO3–Na and HCO3–Ca. The results of ion and geological modeling analysis indicated that major ion concentrations were mainly determined by cation exchange. The study on the variation of heavy metal concentration in groundwater with depth shows that the heavy metal content in groundwater decreases first and then increases with the increase of depth. And the EWQI suggested that groundwater was suitable for drinking. The total carcinogenic health risks for Cr and As for both adults and children were higher than the highest permissible hazard value suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The categorization of hazardous ingestion (HI) by the USEPA indicated a negligible non-carcinogenic hazard to human health by toxic metals. The results suggest the need to increase Cr and As contamination monitoring in shallow groundwater. This study can facilitate the rational development of groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78324733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Evangelista, Mariantonia Nardi, R. Padulano, C. Di Cristo, G. Del Giudice
People's habits changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent containment policies, with numerous implications in all fields. In particular, restrictions had also important consequences on drinking water consumption. The present work analyses this influence in the Soccavo district of Naples (Campania), in Italy, during the two periods of strongest restrictions in 2020: the national lockdown (11 March–3 May) and the autumn red zone (November 16–December 6). A large amount of data, referred to single-household flowmeters connected to a Smart Water Grid acquisition system, was collected for the years 2019 (considered the average reference year) and 2020. The first step was the preliminary filtering of the data, by identification and elimination of anomalies and outliers, as well as anomalous annual patterns, through clustering and classification. The second step consisted of the comparison of the same meters in 2 consecutive years considering the daily and weekly average hourly patterns, the average daily patterns of midweek days, Saturdays, and Sundays, respectively, and the total daily volumes. The results are consistent with those in the literature. Some general trends in literature data were sought and pointed out in the present paper.
{"title":"Analysis of the effects of COVID-19 restriction policies on drinking water consumption by smart water network data filtering","authors":"S. Evangelista, Mariantonia Nardi, R. Padulano, C. Di Cristo, G. Del Giudice","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 People's habits changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent containment policies, with numerous implications in all fields. In particular, restrictions had also important consequences on drinking water consumption. The present work analyses this influence in the Soccavo district of Naples (Campania), in Italy, during the two periods of strongest restrictions in 2020: the national lockdown (11 March–3 May) and the autumn red zone (November 16–December 6). A large amount of data, referred to single-household flowmeters connected to a Smart Water Grid acquisition system, was collected for the years 2019 (considered the average reference year) and 2020. The first step was the preliminary filtering of the data, by identification and elimination of anomalies and outliers, as well as anomalous annual patterns, through clustering and classification. The second step consisted of the comparison of the same meters in 2 consecutive years considering the daily and weekly average hourly patterns, the average daily patterns of midweek days, Saturdays, and Sundays, respectively, and the total daily volumes. The results are consistent with those in the literature. Some general trends in literature data were sought and pointed out in the present paper.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87172423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the monthly monitoring data of 16 water quality monitoring stations in the Xiang River Basin from 1990 to 2020, the Mann–Kendall test was used to analyze dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, cadmium, arsenic, and hexavalent chromium. The changing trend of nine indicators, including the stepwise regression method, was used to determine the cross city driving force of each water quality index, and the contribution rate (weight) of each driving force was obtained by principal component analysis. The research results show that (1) agriculture in Yongzhou is the main driving force, and its contribution rate is 67.2%; (2) urbanization has a greater impact on the driving process of the water environment in the Xiang River Basin, and its contribution rate is as follows: Changsha (83%) > Hengyang (80.7%) > Pingxiang (63.7%) > Chenzhou (60.9%) > Xiangtan (57.4%) > Zhuzhou (50%) > Loudi (48.5%); (3) the urbanization of Zhuzhou City and Loudi City's urban sewage discharge not only has an impact on the city's water environment, but also drives the water environment in the downstream Xiangtan area. The research results can provide a basis and reference for the study of water environmental governance in the basin.
{"title":"Quantitative traceability study on the water quality driving forces across cities in the Xiang River Basin","authors":"Yanmin Cao, Dongyu Qian, Chongyu Wang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on the monthly monitoring data of 16 water quality monitoring stations in the Xiang River Basin from 1990 to 2020, the Mann–Kendall test was used to analyze dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, cadmium, arsenic, and hexavalent chromium. The changing trend of nine indicators, including the stepwise regression method, was used to determine the cross city driving force of each water quality index, and the contribution rate (weight) of each driving force was obtained by principal component analysis. The research results show that (1) agriculture in Yongzhou is the main driving force, and its contribution rate is 67.2%; (2) urbanization has a greater impact on the driving process of the water environment in the Xiang River Basin, and its contribution rate is as follows: Changsha (83%) > Hengyang (80.7%) > Pingxiang (63.7%) > Chenzhou (60.9%) > Xiangtan (57.4%) > Zhuzhou (50%) > Loudi (48.5%); (3) the urbanization of Zhuzhou City and Loudi City's urban sewage discharge not only has an impact on the city's water environment, but also drives the water environment in the downstream Xiangtan area. The research results can provide a basis and reference for the study of water environmental governance in the basin.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77685101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The water required by the plant is provided through the porous environment of the soil around the root. Therefore, indicators such as soil texture and effective porosity have been defined to measure the amount of water available to the plant. The pore size determines water energy and the plant's ability to absorb moisture, which is evaluated in this article. Multivariate regression analysis between the integral energy of water in different ranges of humidity as the dependent variable and the indices of soil pore size distribution as the independent variable has been investigated. Due to the fact that none of the indices of the pore size distribution curve have a significant relationship with the integral energy value of water in the permanent wilting point, therefore, it was not possible to estimate this index using the indices of the pore size distribution curve. The results showed that the elongation index of soil pore size distribution curve is the only factor determining the amount of integral energy of water in different soil water contents.
{"title":"The effect of soil porosity size distribution on integral energy content of water in different moisture slopes","authors":"L. Dai, Zhaolei Xu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.210","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The water required by the plant is provided through the porous environment of the soil around the root. Therefore, indicators such as soil texture and effective porosity have been defined to measure the amount of water available to the plant. The pore size determines water energy and the plant's ability to absorb moisture, which is evaluated in this article. Multivariate regression analysis between the integral energy of water in different ranges of humidity as the dependent variable and the indices of soil pore size distribution as the independent variable has been investigated. Due to the fact that none of the indices of the pore size distribution curve have a significant relationship with the integral energy value of water in the permanent wilting point, therefore, it was not possible to estimate this index using the indices of the pore size distribution curve. The results showed that the elongation index of soil pore size distribution curve is the only factor determining the amount of integral energy of water in different soil water contents.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73258689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Rabiei, J. Mohammadzadeh-Habili, A. Chadee, Seyed Mohammad Ali Zomorodian, M. Jameel, H. Azamathulla
One of the most used hydraulic structures for energy dissipation of supercritical flow is the hydraulic jump stilling basin. From dimensional analysis, the sequent flow depth ratio of a hydraulic jump over the right-triangle basin is derived as a function of the inflow Froude number and relative length of the basin front. The proposed structure stabilized the hydraulic jump at the toe of the chute spillway and hydraulic jump characteristics were investigated for the Froude number ranging from 4.4 < F1 < 7. The results obtained from both numerical and experimental simulations yielded increased efficiency in the energy dissipation performance of this novel design. The modeling showed the formation of two large recirculation regions at the jump roller and jump bed at the beginning of the downstream channel, which resulted in intense energy dissipation in the right-triangle basin. The relative energy loss is approximately 37% higher for relative basin front lengths larger than three compared to the classic jump. Practitioners and academia on the usefulness of a right-triangle basin for hydraulic purposes and further experimental tests are needed to estimate the scalability and cost–benefit of this modified system for implementation.
水力跃变消力池是目前应用最广泛的一种用于超临界水流消能的水工结构。通过量纲分析，导出了直角三角形盆地上水跳的序流深度比，它是入流弗劳德数和盆地前缘相对长度的函数。该结构稳定了滑槽溢洪道趾部的水力跳变，并对弗鲁德数4.4 < F1 < 7范围内的水力跳变特性进行了研究。数值模拟和实验模拟的结果表明，这种新设计的能量耗散性能提高了效率。模拟结果表明，在下游河道起始的跳轮和跳床处形成了两个大的再环流区，导致右三角盆地能量耗散强烈。相对盆地前缘长度大于3时，相对能量损失比典型跳跃高约37%。从业者和学术界需要对直角三角形盆地在水力方面的有用性进行研究，并进行进一步的实验测试，以评估这种改进系统的可扩展性和成本效益。
{"title":"Performance of a right-triangle stilling basin: a laboratory investigation","authors":"Asma Rabiei, J. Mohammadzadeh-Habili, A. Chadee, Seyed Mohammad Ali Zomorodian, M. Jameel, H. Azamathulla","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.209","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 One of the most used hydraulic structures for energy dissipation of supercritical flow is the hydraulic jump stilling basin. From dimensional analysis, the sequent flow depth ratio of a hydraulic jump over the right-triangle basin is derived as a function of the inflow Froude number and relative length of the basin front. The proposed structure stabilized the hydraulic jump at the toe of the chute spillway and hydraulic jump characteristics were investigated for the Froude number ranging from 4.4 < F1 < 7. The results obtained from both numerical and experimental simulations yielded increased efficiency in the energy dissipation performance of this novel design. The modeling showed the formation of two large recirculation regions at the jump roller and jump bed at the beginning of the downstream channel, which resulted in intense energy dissipation in the right-triangle basin. The relative energy loss is approximately 37% higher for relative basin front lengths larger than three compared to the classic jump. Practitioners and academia on the usefulness of a right-triangle basin for hydraulic purposes and further experimental tests are needed to estimate the scalability and cost–benefit of this modified system for implementation.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86849714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ling, Jiangyu Chen, Peize Zhang, Xingling Wei, Lili Yu
Studies on the carrying capacity of traditional groundwater resources mainly focus on a comprehensive evaluation, and this paper provides quantitative prediction and early warning on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources, which is important for groundwater management and protection. This study constructed an early warning indicator system for the carrying capacity of groundwater resources based on an analysis of the factors affecting the carrying capacity, established an early warning method on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources, determined the early warning grades of Henan Province and various cities from 2023 to 2025, and analyzed the spatial distribution pattern. The results showed that the early warning grades of Henan Province from 2023 to 2025 were mild warnings. In the subsystems, the early warning grades of the groundwater resources and economic society systems were mild warnings, while the early warning grades of the ecological environment system were moderate warnings. The early warning grades of the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in all cities were basically mild or moderate warnings, and they were on a downward trend. This study establishes an early warning method on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources that includes the selection of early warning indicators, prediction of indicators, and determination of the early warning grades which can be a reference for other regions.
{"title":"Early warning methods on the carrying capacity of regional groundwater resources","authors":"M. Ling, Jiangyu Chen, Peize Zhang, Xingling Wei, Lili Yu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.207","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Studies on the carrying capacity of traditional groundwater resources mainly focus on a comprehensive evaluation, and this paper provides quantitative prediction and early warning on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources, which is important for groundwater management and protection. This study constructed an early warning indicator system for the carrying capacity of groundwater resources based on an analysis of the factors affecting the carrying capacity, established an early warning method on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources, determined the early warning grades of Henan Province and various cities from 2023 to 2025, and analyzed the spatial distribution pattern. The results showed that the early warning grades of Henan Province from 2023 to 2025 were mild warnings. In the subsystems, the early warning grades of the groundwater resources and economic society systems were mild warnings, while the early warning grades of the ecological environment system were moderate warnings. The early warning grades of the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in all cities were basically mild or moderate warnings, and they were on a downward trend. This study establishes an early warning method on the carrying capacity of groundwater resources that includes the selection of early warning indicators, prediction of indicators, and determination of the early warning grades which can be a reference for other regions.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82791048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study enhances the understanding of the evolution of water transport in karst water flow systems. This paper explores the karst water flow system from a hydrogeochemical perspective. It has been discovered that in the recharge area, the hydrochemical effect of karst water is primarily influenced by dissolution and filtration. In the fault zone and concentrated discharge area, it is primarily influenced by mixing. In the geothermal area, the dominant factors are dissolution, precipitation, and dolomitization. From the southern to the northern area, the hydrochemical type of karst water gradually changes from HCO3-Ca type to SO4·Cl-Ca·Na type. Atmospheric precipitation is the primary recharge source of karst water, with a recharge elevation range of 181–1,495 m. According to geological drilling statistics, the groundwater transport depth transits from the shallow transport in the south to the deep transport in the north, with a depth range of 3,000–3,500 m, and using isotope data to obtain the groundwater retention time range is 6–27,000 years. The groundwater transport mode is divided into three levels: open-shallow transport karst cold water phreatic flow, semi-open-medium-deep transport karst cold water confined flow, and weak open-deep transport geothermal water confined water flow.
{"title":"Mapping regional and nested flow systems in the karst aquifers of Jinan spring using hydrochemical and isotope data","authors":"Xing Deng, Liting Xing, Fengjuan Zhang, Xuerui Xing, Yunfeng Zhang, Miao Yu, Suozhu Liu, Weiyan Pan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.205","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study enhances the understanding of the evolution of water transport in karst water flow systems. This paper explores the karst water flow system from a hydrogeochemical perspective. It has been discovered that in the recharge area, the hydrochemical effect of karst water is primarily influenced by dissolution and filtration. In the fault zone and concentrated discharge area, it is primarily influenced by mixing. In the geothermal area, the dominant factors are dissolution, precipitation, and dolomitization. From the southern to the northern area, the hydrochemical type of karst water gradually changes from HCO3-Ca type to SO4·Cl-Ca·Na type. Atmospheric precipitation is the primary recharge source of karst water, with a recharge elevation range of 181–1,495 m. According to geological drilling statistics, the groundwater transport depth transits from the shallow transport in the south to the deep transport in the north, with a depth range of 3,000–3,500 m, and using isotope data to obtain the groundwater retention time range is 6–27,000 years. The groundwater transport mode is divided into three levels: open-shallow transport karst cold water phreatic flow, semi-open-medium-deep transport karst cold water confined flow, and weak open-deep transport geothermal water confined water flow.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79501604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aummil Nadira Mohamad, F. Aziz, N. Yusof, J. Jaafar, W. N. Wan Salleh, L. W. Jye, A. Ismail
Rapid industrialization has become one of the root causes of environmental problems, particularly heavy metal pollution. Numerous methods, including chemical precipitation and ion exchange, have been used to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, but all of them have drawbacks, such as low metal removal effectiveness, significant reagent loss, excessive energy use, and the need for further development of the current techniques. Membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are gaining popularity in the removal of heavy metals due to their high rejection and low formation of secondary pollutants. Among the methods under consideration, the membrane-based approach holds the most promise for wastewater treatment with a focus on heavy metal ion removal due to its ease of manufacture, superior qualities, and increased separation effectiveness. Since membrane performance is typically hampered by fouling, low permeability, and significant contaminant permeation when compared to strict selectivity criteria, the development of novel membrane materials has emerged as an important area of research for academia, industry, and national laboratories. We have therefore reviewed previous initiatives and technological developments in order to achieve more effective heavy metal removal and recovery from industrial wastewater.
{"title":"Recent advances in heavy metal removal by thin film nanocomposite membrane","authors":"Aummil Nadira Mohamad, F. Aziz, N. Yusof, J. Jaafar, W. N. Wan Salleh, L. W. Jye, A. Ismail","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.204","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Rapid industrialization has become one of the root causes of environmental problems, particularly heavy metal pollution. Numerous methods, including chemical precipitation and ion exchange, have been used to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, but all of them have drawbacks, such as low metal removal effectiveness, significant reagent loss, excessive energy use, and the need for further development of the current techniques. Membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are gaining popularity in the removal of heavy metals due to their high rejection and low formation of secondary pollutants. Among the methods under consideration, the membrane-based approach holds the most promise for wastewater treatment with a focus on heavy metal ion removal due to its ease of manufacture, superior qualities, and increased separation effectiveness. Since membrane performance is typically hampered by fouling, low permeability, and significant contaminant permeation when compared to strict selectivity criteria, the development of novel membrane materials has emerged as an important area of research for academia, industry, and national laboratories. We have therefore reviewed previous initiatives and technological developments in order to achieve more effective heavy metal removal and recovery from industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88163273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amino acid profile in rice serves as an indicator of its nutritional worth, playing a significant role in evaluating its overall nutritional quality. However, there has been limited research on how nanoparticles (NPs) and various irrigation regimes affect the nutritional value and overall quality of rice. In the present study, the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar spray of NPs on the yield, nutrient concentration, and amino acid profile of milled rice in two rice cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the Shirodi cultivar had a higher yield and nutrients compared to the Hashemi cultivar. Reducing irrigation significantly lowered the grain yield, nutrient elements, and some amino acids (asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine) in milled rice while increasing other amino acids. However, NPs treatments, especially ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatment, increased grain yield and amino acids in milled rice. Regarding mineral nutrients, SiO2NPs and ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatments decreased mineral nutrients in milled rice, while ZnONPs treatment increased Ca, Fe, Mg, and N and decreased the content of other elements in milled rice. Therefore, our findings showed that SiO2NPs and ZnONPs are promising NPs that can improve the yield and nutritional quality of milled rice, especially in water-deficient conditions.
{"title":"The application of nanoparticles on the yield and nutritional quality of rice under different irrigation regimes","authors":"M. Zarei, H. Fallah, Yosoof Niknejad, D. B. Tari","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.206","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The amino acid profile in rice serves as an indicator of its nutritional worth, playing a significant role in evaluating its overall nutritional quality. However, there has been limited research on how nanoparticles (NPs) and various irrigation regimes affect the nutritional value and overall quality of rice. In the present study, the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar spray of NPs on the yield, nutrient concentration, and amino acid profile of milled rice in two rice cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the Shirodi cultivar had a higher yield and nutrients compared to the Hashemi cultivar. Reducing irrigation significantly lowered the grain yield, nutrient elements, and some amino acids (asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine) in milled rice while increasing other amino acids. However, NPs treatments, especially ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatment, increased grain yield and amino acids in milled rice. Regarding mineral nutrients, SiO2NPs and ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatments decreased mineral nutrients in milled rice, while ZnONPs treatment increased Ca, Fe, Mg, and N and decreased the content of other elements in milled rice. Therefore, our findings showed that SiO2NPs and ZnONPs are promising NPs that can improve the yield and nutritional quality of milled rice, especially in water-deficient conditions.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80510016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Alexandre de Ceita, Ismail Mahamud Mahamed, D. Ferràs, N. Trifunovic, M. Kennedy
Intermittent water supply (IWS) is a frequent operation approach in developing countries. A number of factors contribute to IWS, such as leakage and water shortage, leading to inequitable water distribution. A way to reduce the inequity in IWS systems is by planning or adapting the network for equitable water distribution, which requires software capable of describing IWS conditions, including not only pressurized flow but also free-surface. In this paper, a new index for equity analysis is presented and compared with the existing indices available in scientific literature. The comparison is based on the EPA-SWMM modelling framework and standard IWS operations, including pipe emptying and filling, have been considered. Results reveal that EPA-SWMM has great potential in simulating IWS systems, especially in the application for equity analyses, as it provides a more realistic description of the pipe filling and emptying operations compared to standard water distribution modelling software. Furthermore, a novel equation called volumetric coefficient was developed which has a significant advantage in identifying the nodes with a higher impact on network equity, and ensuring the fair distribution of supply along the distribution network, considering the relevance of nodal demand, which none of the other indexes in the literature were addressed.
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