Safe drinking water is a fundamental requirement for human life. The deterioration of water quality primarily involves microbiological hazards, since most evident water-related health problems are the result of microbial contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination of drinking water from three sources: water vending machines (WVMs), soda fountains (SFs), and tap water (TW) in the Eastern Coachella Valley (ECV) using physico-chemical parameters, conventional cultivable methods, including IDEXX technology and molecular methods. A total of 72 samples were analyzed and results indicated heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) bacteria in 20% of samples from WVMs, 25% of samples from SFs, 33.3% of TW samples, and 76% of swab samples. Results also demonstrated 20% of WVM, 88% of swab samples, 41% of SF, and 50% of TW samples had total coliforms. Our qPCR indicated the presence of genetic materials of all six selected microorganisms (Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) used as indicators of pathogenic microorganisms in water from WVMs, SFs, and TW, and were represented at different concentrations and predominance.
{"title":"Microbial contamination analysis of drinking water from bulk dispensers and fast-food restaurants in the Eastern Coachella Valley, California","authors":"T. Hile, S. Dunbar, R. Sinclair","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.200","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Safe drinking water is a fundamental requirement for human life. The deterioration of water quality primarily involves microbiological hazards, since most evident water-related health problems are the result of microbial contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination of drinking water from three sources: water vending machines (WVMs), soda fountains (SFs), and tap water (TW) in the Eastern Coachella Valley (ECV) using physico-chemical parameters, conventional cultivable methods, including IDEXX technology and molecular methods. A total of 72 samples were analyzed and results indicated heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) bacteria in 20% of samples from WVMs, 25% of samples from SFs, 33.3% of TW samples, and 76% of swab samples. Results also demonstrated 20% of WVM, 88% of swab samples, 41% of SF, and 50% of TW samples had total coliforms. Our qPCR indicated the presence of genetic materials of all six selected microorganisms (Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) used as indicators of pathogenic microorganisms in water from WVMs, SFs, and TW, and were represented at different concentrations and predominance.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84809331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davood Akbari Nodehi, Mahsa Rahimi Pool, Davod Akbari Nodehi, R. Asadi, A. Bagheri, Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting and irrigation management strategies on growth, yield and water productivity in rice. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included the main plot assigned to three planting methods (transplanting at puddled bed [TPB], transplanting at non-puddled bed [TNPB], and direct-seeded rice [DSR]) and the sub-plot assigned to three irrigation systems (continuous flooding irrigation (CFI), alternate wetting and drying [AWD], and drip irrigation [DI]). The results showed that plants at TPB produced highest yield (3,962.7 kg·ha–1), whereas yield was reduced by 20% and 27.2% at TNPB and DSR, respectively. The DSR practice resulted in the highest total water input (TWI) (8,682.4 m3·ha–1), whereas TPB treatment allowed a 17.3% depletion of TWI and a 39.3% enhancment of total water productivity compared with DSR. The plants grown under CFI and AWD treatments indicated 8.9% and 7.6% higher yield compared with DI-treated plants, whereas DI system showed higher water-saving capacity compared with AWD and CFI. Our results highlight that combined application of AWD system and TPB method has a great potential to reduce TWI without negatively affecting yield.
{"title":"Effect of planting and irrigation management strategies on growth, yield and water productivity of indica rice in Iran","authors":"Davood Akbari Nodehi, Mahsa Rahimi Pool, Davod Akbari Nodehi, R. Asadi, A. Bagheri, Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting and irrigation management strategies on growth, yield and water productivity in rice. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included the main plot assigned to three planting methods (transplanting at puddled bed [TPB], transplanting at non-puddled bed [TNPB], and direct-seeded rice [DSR]) and the sub-plot assigned to three irrigation systems (continuous flooding irrigation (CFI), alternate wetting and drying [AWD], and drip irrigation [DI]). The results showed that plants at TPB produced highest yield (3,962.7 kg·ha–1), whereas yield was reduced by 20% and 27.2% at TNPB and DSR, respectively. The DSR practice resulted in the highest total water input (TWI) (8,682.4 m3·ha–1), whereas TPB treatment allowed a 17.3% depletion of TWI and a 39.3% enhancment of total water productivity compared with DSR. The plants grown under CFI and AWD treatments indicated 8.9% and 7.6% higher yield compared with DI-treated plants, whereas DI system showed higher water-saving capacity compared with AWD and CFI. Our results highlight that combined application of AWD system and TPB method has a great potential to reduce TWI without negatively affecting yield.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watershed ecological protection and restoration is the key link to restore the ecological service function of damaged watersheds and promote the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. In practice, it is difficult to balance the interests of different parties in the process of watershed ecological protection and restoration in terms of water resource utilization, water environment protection, and biodiversity conservation, which makes it difficult to achieve the watershed ecological protection goals. Therefore, this study takes the Jianghuai watershed area as the research object and explores the core points of the ecological restoration of land space in the relevant experimental area in the form of algorithmic optimization frequency. The experimental data of the algorithm model show that the land types in the Jianghuai watershed are mainly woodlands and watersheds, with relatively uneven spatial distribution; a total of 85 ecological corridors were identified that showed a pattern of more in the middle and less around; and a total of 267 radiation channels were identified that showed irregular tree distribution. The empirical results show that the model has a fitting accuracy of 89%.
{"title":"Ecological restoration process of watershed land space with intelligent IoT technology","authors":"Li Wang, Kai Wang, Jianhui Xu, Jingjie Liu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.202","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Watershed ecological protection and restoration is the key link to restore the ecological service function of damaged watersheds and promote the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. In practice, it is difficult to balance the interests of different parties in the process of watershed ecological protection and restoration in terms of water resource utilization, water environment protection, and biodiversity conservation, which makes it difficult to achieve the watershed ecological protection goals. Therefore, this study takes the Jianghuai watershed area as the research object and explores the core points of the ecological restoration of land space in the relevant experimental area in the form of algorithmic optimization frequency. The experimental data of the algorithm model show that the land types in the Jianghuai watershed are mainly woodlands and watersheds, with relatively uneven spatial distribution; a total of 85 ecological corridors were identified that showed a pattern of more in the middle and less around; and a total of 267 radiation channels were identified that showed irregular tree distribution. The empirical results show that the model has a fitting accuracy of 89%.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86422949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Shao, Yihang Ding, Jinghao Wen, Pengxu Zhu, Lisong Ou
The development of decision-making systems based on artificial intelligence can lead to achieving optimal solutions water-land-food nexus. In this paper, an extreme learning machine model was developed with the objective function of wheat production maximization. The constraints defined for this problem are divided into three categories: technical parameters of production in agriculture, climatic stress on water resources and land limits. The water, land and food nexus was simulated using 23 experimental farms in Henan province during the 2021–2022 cultivation year. Root-mean-square error was used as an error criterion, and Pearson's coefficient was incorporated into the decision-making system as a correlation index of variables. Harvest index, length of the growth period, cultivation costs and irrigation water were the criteria to evaluate the impact of the sustainable model. The harvest index and the length of the growth period showed the highest and lowest correlation with the production rate, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal management of irrigation water and cost had the most significant impact on increasing crop production. The method proposed in this paper can be a virtual cropping model by changing the area under cultivation of a crop in the different farms of a study area, which increases yield production.
{"title":"Optimal decision-making in the water, land and food nexus using artificial intelligence and extreme machine learning","authors":"Wei Shao, Yihang Ding, Jinghao Wen, Pengxu Zhu, Lisong Ou","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The development of decision-making systems based on artificial intelligence can lead to achieving optimal solutions water-land-food nexus. In this paper, an extreme learning machine model was developed with the objective function of wheat production maximization. The constraints defined for this problem are divided into three categories: technical parameters of production in agriculture, climatic stress on water resources and land limits. The water, land and food nexus was simulated using 23 experimental farms in Henan province during the 2021–2022 cultivation year. Root-mean-square error was used as an error criterion, and Pearson's coefficient was incorporated into the decision-making system as a correlation index of variables. Harvest index, length of the growth period, cultivation costs and irrigation water were the criteria to evaluate the impact of the sustainable model. The harvest index and the length of the growth period showed the highest and lowest correlation with the production rate, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal management of irrigation water and cost had the most significant impact on increasing crop production. The method proposed in this paper can be a virtual cropping model by changing the area under cultivation of a crop in the different farms of a study area, which increases yield production.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"56 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantitatively separating the influence of climate change and human activities on runoff is crucial to achieving sustainable water resource management in watersheds. This study presents a framework for quantitative assessment by integrating the indicators of hydrologic alteration, the whale optimization algorithm and random forest (WOA-RF), and the water erosion prediction (WEP-L) model. This framework aims to reconstruct natural runoff and quantify the differences in hydrological conditions and their driving forces at multi-timescales (annual, season, and month). The results indicate that the runoff of the Wu River has decreased since 2005, with a change degree of 46%. Climate factors were found to influence the interannual variation of runoff mainly. Meanwhile, human activities had a more significant impact in autumn, with a relative contribution rate of 59.0% (WOA-RF model) and 70.8% (WEP-L model). Monthly, the picture is more complex, with the results of the WOA-RF model indicating that climate change has a significant impact in July, August, and September (88.8, 92.7, and 79.3%, respectively). However, the WEP-L model results showed that the relative contribution of land use was significant in April, May, June, October, and November (51.24, 64.23, 63.63, 53.16, and 50.63%, respectively). The results of the study can be helpful for regional water allocation.
{"title":"Multi-scale flow regimes and driving forces analysis based on different models: a case study of the Wu river basin","authors":"Hongxiang Wang, Siyuan Cheng, N. He, Lintong Huang, Huan Yang, Fengtian Hong, Yinchu Ma, Wenxiong Chen, Wenxian Guo","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.199","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Quantitatively separating the influence of climate change and human activities on runoff is crucial to achieving sustainable water resource management in watersheds. This study presents a framework for quantitative assessment by integrating the indicators of hydrologic alteration, the whale optimization algorithm and random forest (WOA-RF), and the water erosion prediction (WEP-L) model. This framework aims to reconstruct natural runoff and quantify the differences in hydrological conditions and their driving forces at multi-timescales (annual, season, and month). The results indicate that the runoff of the Wu River has decreased since 2005, with a change degree of 46%. Climate factors were found to influence the interannual variation of runoff mainly. Meanwhile, human activities had a more significant impact in autumn, with a relative contribution rate of 59.0% (WOA-RF model) and 70.8% (WEP-L model). Monthly, the picture is more complex, with the results of the WOA-RF model indicating that climate change has a significant impact in July, August, and September (88.8, 92.7, and 79.3%, respectively). However, the WEP-L model results showed that the relative contribution of land use was significant in April, May, June, October, and November (51.24, 64.23, 63.63, 53.16, and 50.63%, respectively). The results of the study can be helpful for regional water allocation.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81362716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A conceptual model was established to study the patterns of flow in vadose and saturated zones system induced by a prescribed boundary. Richards’ equation was adopted to describe groundwater flow in the vadose zone. Laplace transform and cosine Fourier transform were chosen to derive a semi-analytical solution of the governing equations. A finite-element numerical solution built with COMSOL software was used to test the semi-analytical solution. The buildups of the hydraulic head were investigated for different hydraulic parameters. Some noteworthy conclusions were obtained. The vadose zone parameters (constitutive exponent (κD) and specific yield (Sy)) have a significant effect on the buildups in the vadose zone and saturated zone. A larger κD value and smaller Sy value both lead to higher buildups in the vadose zone, while a larger κD value and a larger Sy value resulted in smaller buildups. As for the specific storage (Ss) of the saturated zone, the influence on buildup is more obvious in the saturated zone rather than in the vadose zone. The analysis further indicates that Media Anisotropy (Kz/Kx) value exhibits opposite influences on the hydraulic head in vadose and saturated zone. The present solution offers a valuable basis for further research of groundwater recharge and better design of MAR engineering.
{"title":"An analytical model for stream-stimulated hydraulic communication in vadose and saturated zones","authors":"Chongwu Ma, Rui-ping Jing, Ke Ma, Quanrong Wang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.196","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A conceptual model was established to study the patterns of flow in vadose and saturated zones system induced by a prescribed boundary. Richards’ equation was adopted to describe groundwater flow in the vadose zone. Laplace transform and cosine Fourier transform were chosen to derive a semi-analytical solution of the governing equations. A finite-element numerical solution built with COMSOL software was used to test the semi-analytical solution. The buildups of the hydraulic head were investigated for different hydraulic parameters. Some noteworthy conclusions were obtained. The vadose zone parameters (constitutive exponent (κD) and specific yield (Sy)) have a significant effect on the buildups in the vadose zone and saturated zone. A larger κD value and smaller Sy value both lead to higher buildups in the vadose zone, while a larger κD value and a larger Sy value resulted in smaller buildups. As for the specific storage (Ss) of the saturated zone, the influence on buildup is more obvious in the saturated zone rather than in the vadose zone. The analysis further indicates that Media Anisotropy (Kz/Kx) value exhibits opposite influences on the hydraulic head in vadose and saturated zone. The present solution offers a valuable basis for further research of groundwater recharge and better design of MAR engineering.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91187527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development and rational utilization of regional water resources (RWR) is an important foundation for achieving comprehensive utilization of water resources and socio-economic progress. Socio-economic development has created necessary conditions and funds for the rational development of water resources, and the two support and constrain each other. Therefore, this article conducts a quantitative analysis of RWR to ensure the sustainable development of the economic and social (EAS) coupling system. An evaluation system was constructed based on feasibility analysis using the principal component analysis theory and entropy method. The results indicated that the interaction between RWR and EAS was relatively strong. In the 7-year survey, the coordinated development of the two showed an upward trend. The coupling and coordination indexes reached their lowest point in 2015 and have shown an upward trend. The coupling index increased by 0.34, and the coordination index increased by 0.21 to obtain a highly coordinated development state.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of regional water resources and secure development of economic and social coupling systems","authors":"Jinghui Zhen, Jianghao Nan, Jianghua Hou","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.198","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The development and rational utilization of regional water resources (RWR) is an important foundation for achieving comprehensive utilization of water resources and socio-economic progress. Socio-economic development has created necessary conditions and funds for the rational development of water resources, and the two support and constrain each other. Therefore, this article conducts a quantitative analysis of RWR to ensure the sustainable development of the economic and social (EAS) coupling system. An evaluation system was constructed based on feasibility analysis using the principal component analysis theory and entropy method. The results indicated that the interaction between RWR and EAS was relatively strong. In the 7-year survey, the coordinated development of the two showed an upward trend. The coupling and coordination indexes reached their lowest point in 2015 and have shown an upward trend. The coupling index increased by 0.34, and the coordination index increased by 0.21 to obtain a highly coordinated development state.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89542103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With global climate change and extreme weather events, water scarcity and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly prominent. Ecological replenishment is one important measure to enhance water quality in reservoirs. To address the severe pollution and ecological degradation problems of the Luhun Reservoir, this paper uses MIKE21 software to construct a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model. Design six recharge scenarios to compare and explore the enhancement of reservoir water quality for these scenarios. Evaluate the water quality status of these options using the single-factor index method and the combined pollution index method. The results show that due to the ecological replenishment, the pollutant concentration leads the phenomenon of gradient diffusion to the center of the reservoir, and the average improvement rate of water quality is up to 40.22%. Schemes 2 and 5 have the lowest integrated pollution index. The most significant improvement in water quality was achieved at the same total recharge conditions, using 0.5 times the flow rate and two times the recharge time of the actual recharge project. The study results provide theoretical and technical support for the future management of the reservoir water environment.
{"title":"Study on the simulation of reservoir water environment and the optimization of ecological water replenishment effect: taking Luhun Reservoir as an example","authors":"S. Guo, Yihao Wen, Xianqi Zhang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.197","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 With global climate change and extreme weather events, water scarcity and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly prominent. Ecological replenishment is one important measure to enhance water quality in reservoirs. To address the severe pollution and ecological degradation problems of the Luhun Reservoir, this paper uses MIKE21 software to construct a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model. Design six recharge scenarios to compare and explore the enhancement of reservoir water quality for these scenarios. Evaluate the water quality status of these options using the single-factor index method and the combined pollution index method. The results show that due to the ecological replenishment, the pollutant concentration leads the phenomenon of gradient diffusion to the center of the reservoir, and the average improvement rate of water quality is up to 40.22%. Schemes 2 and 5 have the lowest integrated pollution index. The most significant improvement in water quality was achieved at the same total recharge conditions, using 0.5 times the flow rate and two times the recharge time of the actual recharge project. The study results provide theoretical and technical support for the future management of the reservoir water environment.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"180 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78154162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Yang, M. Li, En dian Chen, Haoyang Li, Cheng Shi Cong, Fang Zhao
Taking the construction management of green water conservancy projects combined with BIM as the research background, we analyzed the application of BIM technology in green construction management. The results also showed that the overall trend of green construction management research is on the rise, the research on green construction management at home and abroad is relatively close, and the research directions tend to be intelligent and informative, but there is relatively little research on water conservancy engineering. Combining the current green construction standards of water conservancy projects, the related literature, and the current situation of the application of BIM technology in water conservancy project construction management, the concept of green construction of water conservancy projects and the core requirements of BIM technology for whole-life-cycle green construction are proposed. The new green construction technology was applied in combination with BIM to form a collaborative and scaled multiparty management structure map for the whole process area, build a framework system for green construction management of water conservancy projects, and design a specific implementation process for the application of real-time green construction simulation systems in BIM.
{"title":"Research on the application of BIM-based green construction management in the whole life cycle of hydraulic engineering","authors":"Zhen Yang, M. Li, En dian Chen, Haoyang Li, Cheng Shi Cong, Fang Zhao","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.190","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Taking the construction management of green water conservancy projects combined with BIM as the research background, we analyzed the application of BIM technology in green construction management. The results also showed that the overall trend of green construction management research is on the rise, the research on green construction management at home and abroad is relatively close, and the research directions tend to be intelligent and informative, but there is relatively little research on water conservancy engineering. Combining the current green construction standards of water conservancy projects, the related literature, and the current situation of the application of BIM technology in water conservancy project construction management, the concept of green construction of water conservancy projects and the core requirements of BIM technology for whole-life-cycle green construction are proposed. The new green construction technology was applied in combination with BIM to form a collaborative and scaled multiparty management structure map for the whole process area, build a framework system for green construction management of water conservancy projects, and design a specific implementation process for the application of real-time green construction simulation systems in BIM.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77058546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cost of water transport for irrigating drought-endurable plants in desertification areas makes it important to develop other water sources. Research shows that freshwater produced by dewing could satisfy the water requirement during germination of desert plants, therefore, functional materials that promote dew formation provide solutions for reduction of plant irrigation costs in arid or semi-arid regions. In this review, feasibility of utilizing trace irrigation for ensuring survival of desert plants has been demonstrated. The technologies of preparing water harvesting materials with modified microstructure and wettability arrangement have been introduced, it has been shown that surface embedded with a bump array which has counter wettability compared with its plane section is a common morphology adopted by current works. After comparing climates in desertification regions with those in dewing chambers, it has been found that currently, the expected values of dew productivities of most water harvesting materials in deserted areas will not be as efficient as they performed in experiments due to low relative humidity. However, hydrophobic surface with submicron scale hydrophilic spherical cavity array produced by nanosphere lithography has shown reliable prospects in reducing the energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation and thus become a more potential medium in dew water production.
{"title":"Surfaces with modified morphology and wettability arrangement: a potential medium for water harvesting in desertification areas","authors":"Tongqian Zhang, Yan Xi, Han Wang, Z. Zhang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The cost of water transport for irrigating drought-endurable plants in desertification areas makes it important to develop other water sources. Research shows that freshwater produced by dewing could satisfy the water requirement during germination of desert plants, therefore, functional materials that promote dew formation provide solutions for reduction of plant irrigation costs in arid or semi-arid regions. In this review, feasibility of utilizing trace irrigation for ensuring survival of desert plants has been demonstrated. The technologies of preparing water harvesting materials with modified microstructure and wettability arrangement have been introduced, it has been shown that surface embedded with a bump array which has counter wettability compared with its plane section is a common morphology adopted by current works. After comparing climates in desertification regions with those in dewing chambers, it has been found that currently, the expected values of dew productivities of most water harvesting materials in deserted areas will not be as efficient as they performed in experiments due to low relative humidity. However, hydrophobic surface with submicron scale hydrophilic spherical cavity array produced by nanosphere lithography has shown reliable prospects in reducing the energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation and thus become a more potential medium in dew water production.","PeriodicalId":17553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88523225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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