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Development and Validation of an Equine Castration Model and Rubric 开发并验证马阉割模型和评分标准
IF 1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2023-0118
Elizabeth Devine, Megan McCracken, Lynda Miller, Dianna Miller, Stacy L. Anderson, Julie A Hunt
Castration is one of the most common surgeries performed in equine practice. Veterinary students require deliberate practice to reach competence in surgical procedures including equine castration, but availability of patients limits students’ practice opportunities. A recumbent equine castration model was created and evaluated using a validation framework consisting of content evidence (expert opinion), internal structure evidence (reliability of scores produced by the accompanying rubric), and evidence of relationship with other variables, specifically the difference in scores between experts and students. A convenience sample of third-year students who had never performed equine castration ( n = 24) and veterinarians who had performed equine castration ( n = 25) performed surgery on the model while being video recorded. Participants completed a post-operative survey about the model. All veterinarians (100%) agreed or strongly agreed that the model was suitable for teaching students the steps to perform equine castration and for assessing students’ skill. The checklist produced scores with good internal consistency (α = 0.805). Veterinarians performed the castration faster than the students ( p = .036) and achieved a higher total global rating score ( p = .003). There was no significant difference between groups in total checklist score or individual checklist items, except veterinarians were more likely to check both sides for bleeding ( p = .038). The equine castration model and rubric validated in this study can be used in a low-stress clinical skills environment to improve students’ skills to perform what is otherwise a challenging field procedure. Model use should be followed with live animal practice to complete the learning process.
阉割是马术实践中最常见的手术之一。兽医专业的学生需要刻意练习,以达到包括马阉割在内的外科手术能力,但病人的可用性限制了学生的练习机会。我们创建了一个卧姿马阉割模型,并使用一个验证框架对该模型进行了评估,该框架包括内容证据(专家意见)、内部结构证据(配套评分标准产生的分数的可靠性)以及与其他变量的关系证据,特别是专家与学生之间的分数差异。由从未实施过马阉割术的三年级学生(24 人)和实施过马阉割术的兽医(25 人)组成的方便样本在视频记录下对模型实施了手术。参与者在术后填写了一份关于模型的调查问卷。所有兽医(100%)都同意或非常同意该模型适用于向学生传授马阉割术的步骤和评估学生的技能。检查表的评分具有良好的内部一致性(α = 0.805)。兽医进行阉割的速度比学生快 ( p = 0.036),总体评分总分也更高 ( p = 0.003)。除了兽医更有可能检查两侧是否出血 ( p = .038),各组之间在检查表总分或单个检查表项目上没有明显差异。本研究中验证的马阉割模型和评分标准可在低压力临床技能环境中使用,以提高学生执行具有挑战性的现场手术的技能。模型使用后应进行活体动物练习,以完成学习过程。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing Stakeholder Consultations to Identify Context-Specific Professional Skills for Veterinary Graduates in Bangladesh 利用利益相关者协商确定孟加拉国兽医毕业生的具体专业技能
IF 1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2023-0101
N. Chisty, Talia Guttin, Nusrat Irin, Abdullah Al Sattar, M. A. Hoque, Sarah Baillie
Despite professional skills being part of the Day One Competences published by national as well as international accreditation bodies, veterinary schools in Bangladesh have limited associated teaching within their curricula. Therefore, our study aimed to identify the most important professional skills for veterinarians in Bangladesh through local consultation to inform future initiatives to change the curriculum. Eleven focus groups were conducted with 45 stakeholders who included veterinarians who supervise students on workplacements, faculty, recent graduates, final year students, and clients. The audio recordings were transcribed, translated into English from Bengali and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Professional skills were considered essential by all stakeholder groups. The most important professional skills were identified as communication, ethical conduct, teamwork, career options, financial management skills, lifelong learning, time management and self-appraisal. One of the best opportunities to practice many of the skills was identified as being during final year workplacements, while participating in extracurricular activities, learning by observing others and self-motivation were also considered valuable. Participants identified a need for more formal professional skills teaching within the curriculum. Challenges included finding space in the curriculum, raising awareness amongst university academics and engaging students and faculty in the new initiatives. This study has identified the most important professional skills in our context. Consultation with relevant regional stakeholders was crucial and will inform curricular change. The results are being used in the development of professional skills courses with the long-term aim of better preparing our graduates for their future careers.
尽管专业技能是国家和国际认证机构公布的 "第一天能力 "的一部分,但孟加拉国兽医学校的课程中相关教学内容有限。因此,我们的研究旨在通过当地咨询,确定孟加拉国兽医最重要的专业技能,为今后改变课程设置提供参考。我们与 45 名利益相关者进行了 11 次焦点小组讨论,他们包括指导学生实习的兽医、教师、应届毕业生、毕业班学生和客户。录音被转录,从孟加拉语翻译成英语,并采用归纳式主题方法进行分析。所有利益相关群体都认为专业技能至关重要。最重要的专业技能包括沟通、道德行为、团队合作、职业选择、财务管理技能、终身学习、时间管理和自我评价。与会者认为,在最后一年的工作实习中是实践许多技能的最佳机会之一,而参加课外活动、通过观察他人学习和自我激励也被认为是很有价值的。与会者认为有必要在课程中开展更正式的专业技能教学。面临的挑战包括在课程中寻找空间、提高大学学术界的认识以及让师生参与新举措。本研究确定了在我们的背景下最重要的专业技能。与相关地区利益攸关方的磋商至关重要,并将为课程改革提供信息。研究结果正被用于专业技能课程的开发,其长期目标是让我们的毕业生为未来的职业生涯做好更充分的准备。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Neurophobia amongst North American Veterinary Students and Development of a Veterinary Neurophobia Scoring Tool (VetNeuroQ) 调查北美兽医专业学生的神经恐惧症并开发兽医神经恐惧症评分工具 (VetNeuroQ)
IF 1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2023-0017
Vishal D. Murthy, Lena Le, Haley D. Heater, S. Guess, Annie V. Chen
“Neurophobia” is a phenomenon in human medical education where students develop negative attitudes towards neurology, impeding student learning and future clinical practice. While suspected to exist in veterinary medical education, it remains unstudied. The main objectives of this study were to examine North American veterinary student attitudes towards neurology and neurology education and explore elements that might contribute to neurophobia. Additional objectives were to evaluate veterinary educators’ perceptions of student neurophobia and to develop and validate a scoring tool (VetNeuroQ) to quantify veterinary neurophobia. Veterinary students and faculty at North American veterinary schools were surveyed. A scoring tool was developed from a subset of questions and validated using confirmatory factor analysis. Six hundred six anonymous responses were collected from students at all stages of veterinary education. Neurology training was reported as insufficient by 35.9% and most respondents perceived neurology to not be easy to learn. Neuroanatomy/physiology and neurolocalization were considered difficult concepts. Students rated low confidence in neurology (vs. other topics), and low interest in the Neurology/Neurosurgery specialty. 61.7% of educators reported neurophobia amongst their students. The proposed VetNeuroQ scale showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7) and validity ( p < .05; CFI >0.9, RMSEA <0.08). VetNeuroQ scores were low but improved over the course of veterinary education. These findings demonstrate low self-efficacy, interest, and confidence, along with perceptions of difficulty, amongst veterinary students, consistent with neurophobia. Contributing elements are discussed. The VetNeuroQ scale allows quantification of veterinary student neurophobia and may be useful for screening students and assessing the impact of educational interventions.
“神经恐惧症”是人类医学教育中的一种现象,学生对神经学产生了消极的态度,阻碍了学生的学习和未来的临床实践。虽然怀疑存在于兽医教育中,但仍未得到研究。本研究的主要目的是调查北美兽医学生对神经病学和神经病学教育的态度,并探讨可能导致神经恐惧症的因素。其他目标是评估兽医教育者对学生神经恐惧症的看法,并开发和验证一个评分工具(VetNeuroQ)来量化兽医神经恐惧症。对北美兽医学校的兽医学生和教师进行了调查。从问题的子集中开发了一个评分工具,并使用验证性因素分析进行了验证。从兽医教育各个阶段的学生中收集了666份匿名回复。35.9%的受访者认为神经学培训不足,大多数受访者认为神经学不容易学习。神经解剖学/生理学和神经定位被认为是困难的概念。学生们对神经病学的信心较低(与其他学科相比),对神经病学/神经外科专业的兴趣较低。61.7%的教育工作者报告他们的学生有神经恐惧症。提出的VetNeuroQ量表具有较高的信度(Cronbach’s alpha >0.7)和效度(p < 0.05);Cfi >0.9, rmsea <0.08)。VetNeuroQ得分较低,但在兽医教育过程中有所提高。这些发现表明,在兽医学生中,自我效能感、兴趣和信心低下,以及对困难的认知低下,与神经恐惧症一致。讨论了影响因素。VetNeuroQ量表可以量化兽医学生的神经恐惧症,可能对筛选学生和评估教育干预的影响有用。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Feedback to Enhance the Teaching of Wire Tying. 实时反馈,加强扎线教学。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0102
Simon C Roe

Teaching the art of wire tying is difficult because the instructor is not able to gauge the effectiveness of the final product. The impact of an incorrect technique is usually not evident. Also, the instructor does not have a way to demonstrate the different levels of tension generated by different wire knotting techniques, nor their differing abilities to resist a load that a patient may apply. In this paper, a device is described that can provide real-time feedback on wire tension generated during knot tying, and how particular knots resist an applied distraction. This device has been used to deliver a live demonstration to reinforce lecture material, and in small group teaching exercises, where real-time feedback enhances skills and understanding. A stepwise training schedule for surgery residents structured as an entrustable professional activity is proposed.

教授绑线艺术是一件很困难的事情,因为教师无法衡量最终产品的效果。不正确的技术通常不会产生明显的影响。此外,教师也没有办法演示不同的钢丝打结技术所产生的不同张力水平,以及它们抵抗病人可能施加的负荷的不同能力。本文介绍了一种设备,它可以实时反馈打结过程中产生的钢丝张力,以及特定绳结如何抵御施加的牵拉。该设备已被用于现场演示,以强化讲课内容,并用于小组教学练习,实时反馈可提高技能和理解能力。建议为外科住院医师制定一个循序渐进的培训计划,将其作为一项可委托的专业活动。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of Motivational Influences on Clinical-Year Veterinary Students' Career Decisions. 研究兽医临床年级学生职业决定的动机影响因素。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0090
Shane D Lyon, Erik H Hofmeister, Katie E McCool, Stephanie L Shaver, Kathryn A Diehl, Andrew D Woolcock

The purpose of this study was to identify motivations for fourth-year veterinary students to choose future career paths based on post-graduation employment or post-graduation education. Approximately 500 students from four institutions were invited to participate in an online survey. Surveys were based on the cognitive evaluation theory, a minitheory within the self-determination macrotheory framework developed by Deci and Ryan. Intrinsic motivational factors were categorized by autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and extrinsic motivators were categorized by environmental and interpersonal factors. Students pursuing post-graduation education have intrinsic motivators that aligned with competence and were extrinsically motivated by a mentor, while students interested in post-graduation employment had intrinsic motivators that were more focused on autonomy with extrinsic motivational influences of debt/finances and geographic location.

本研究旨在确定兽医专业四年级学生根据毕业后就业或毕业后教育选择未来职业道路的动机。来自四所院校的约 500 名学生应邀参加了在线调查。调查以认知评价理论为基础,该理论是 Deci 和 Ryan 提出的自我决定宏观理论框架中的一个小理论。内在动机因素分为自主性、能力和相关性,外在动机因素分为环境因素和人际因素。追求毕业后教育的学生的内在动机与能力相一致,并受到导师的外在动机的影响;而对毕业后就业感兴趣的学生的内在动机更注重自主性,并受到债务/财务和地理位置的外在动机的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Shelter Medicine Sustainability from an Academic Perspective: Challenges and Issues. 从学术角度看收容所医学的可持续性:挑战与问题。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0080
Emily McCobb, P Cynda Crawford, Mycah L Harrold, Julie K Levy, Andrew Perkins, Chelsea L Reinhard, Brittany Watson

A meeting of veterinary school faculty and partners, many associated with shelter medicine and/or community medicine programming, was convened at the 2019 Shelter Medicine Veterinary Educators Conference in Pullman, WA, to discuss challenges with shelter medicine program sustainability and defining the future. The discussion was facilitated by an outside consultant and is summarized in this manuscript. The goal of the meeting was to identify challenges and issues concerning the needs and goals for shelter medicine curricula to have long-term success in academic training. Four themes were identified in the transcripts including external pressure from leadership and other stakeholders, funder expectations, time horizons, and perceptions of shelters and shelter veterinarians. Addressing these challenges will be critical to ensuring stability in academic training in shelter medicine, a critical tool for both learning outcomes for general graduates and specific for veterinarians pursuing shelter medicine as a career.

在华盛顿州普尔曼举行的 2019 年收容所医学兽医教育者大会上,兽医学校的教师和合作伙伴(其中许多与收容所医学和/或社区医学项目有关)召开了一次会议,讨论收容所医学项目的可持续性所面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向。讨论由一名外部顾问主持,并在本手稿中进行了总结。会议的目的是确定与收容所医学课程的需求和目标有关的挑战和问题,以便在学术培训中取得长期成功。会议记录中确定了四个主题,包括来自领导层和其他利益相关者的外部压力、资助者的期望、时间范围以及对收容所和收容所兽医的看法。应对这些挑战对于确保收容所医学学术培训的稳定性至关重要,这既是普通毕业生学习成果的重要工具,也是将收容所医学作为职业的兽医的特定工具。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Mental Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors of Pre-Veterinary Undergraduates at a Land-Grant Institution. 评估一所州立大学兽医系本科预科生的心理健康和求助行为。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0096
Shweta Trivedi, Jessica C Clark, Linzi Long, Georgia A Daniel, Samantha M Anderson, Yaxin Zheng

Recent research conducted within the veterinary profession has reported higher rates of depression and stress than the general US population. While this decline in mental well-being has been documented in Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) students and veterinary professionals, there is a lack of research on the mental well-being of the pre-veterinary population. This gap led us to conduct a survey in the fall of 2021 utilizing the DASS-21 and ATSPPH-sf inventories to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and help-seeking stigma in pre-veterinary students to better understand when the decline in veterinary mental well-being begins. A pre-test survey was completed by 233 pre-veterinary students in September, and an identical post-test survey was completed by 184 pre-veterinary students in November. From the pre- and post-test data, depression, anxiety, and stress scores increased as students advanced in academic status during their undergraduate degree. Juniors reported the highest averages of depression, anxiety, and stress compared with their peers. In the post-test, sophomores and juniors exhibited higher rates of depression than freshmen, and juniors and seniors exhibited higher rates of stress than freshmen. Current VMCAS applicants exhibited higher levels of stress than non-VMCAS applicants in the pre-test and lower levels of stress in the post-test. In both the pre-test and post-test data, respondents averaged a neutral attitude toward help-seeking. Based on these results, a decline in pre-veterinary mental well-being occurs as students' progress in their undergraduate career and should be further studied to assess its impact on Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and veterinary professional well-being.

最近在兽医行业开展的研究报告显示,抑郁症和压力症的发病率高于美国普通人群。虽然兽医博士(DVM)学生和兽医专业人员的心理健康水平下降已被记录在案,但缺乏对兽医预科生心理健康水平的研究。这一空白促使我们在2021年秋季开展了一项调查,利用DASS-21和ATSPPH-sf问卷评估兽医预科学生的抑郁、焦虑、压力和求助耻辱感水平,以便更好地了解兽医心理健康何时开始下降。233 名兽医预科学生于 9 月完成了测试前调查,184 名兽医预科学生于 11 月完成了相同的测试后调查。从测试前和测试后的数据来看,抑郁、焦虑和压力的得分随着学生在本科阶段学习成绩的提高而增加。与同年级学生相比,大三学生的抑郁、焦虑和压力平均值最高。在后期测试中,大二和大三学生的抑郁率高于大一学生,大三和大四学生的压力率高于大一学生。VMCAS 的在校申请人在前测中表现出比非 VMCAS 申请人更高的压力水平,而在后测中则表现出更低的压力水平。在前测和后测数据中,受访者平均对求助持中立态度。根据这些结果,随着学生本科生涯的进展,兽医专业前的心理健康水平会下降,因此应进一步研究,以评估其对兽医博士和兽医专业健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Veterinary Student Understanding of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts When Given a Pre-Lecture Activity of a Text-Only Narrative versus an Interactive Electronic Book. 比较兽医专业学生对肝外门静脉分流术的理解--课前活动(纯文字叙述与互动电子书)。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0046
Mandy L Wallace, Sherry Clouser, James Moore

Complex vascular anomalies are often difficult concepts for veterinary medical students to comprehend, as knowledge of normal anatomy, visualization of the abnormal anatomy, and understanding of the physiologic implications of that abnormality are all required to appreciate the clinical impacts of the anomaly. Access to interactive 3D models of both the normal and abnormal vasculatures may improve student comprehension. In this study, third-year veterinary medical students in a core small animal digestive diseases course completed a pre-lecture assignment consisting of a text-only narrative (n = 100) or an interactive electronic book (e-book; n = 102) focused on extrahepatic portosystemic shunts, followed by two generative learning activities in which they described portal anatomy and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. An optional, anonymous post-lecture learning assessment was given to both groups. Although no difference in post-lecture assessment scores was identified between the groups, students using the interactive e-book spent significantly longer on the pre-lecture assignment and activities than students in the text-only narrative group. Students in the text-only narrative group were more likely to use spatial visualization strategies during the generative learning activities than students in the e-book group. There was no correlation between time spent on the pre-lecture tasks and learning assessment score. Interactive e-books and generative learning activities may be useful adjunct pre-lecture learning tools for teaching of complex vascular anomalies to veterinary medical students.

复杂的血管异常通常是兽医专业学生难以理解的概念,因为要了解异常的临床影响,必须具备正常解剖学知识、异常解剖学的可视化以及对异常的生理影响的理解。使用正常和异常血管的交互式三维模型可提高学生的理解能力。在这项研究中,学习小动物消化系统疾病核心课程的三年级兽医学生完成了一项课前作业,其中包括纯文字叙述(n = 100)或以肝外门脉分流为重点的交互式电子书(e-book;n = 102),随后他们进行了两次生成性学习活动,描述了门静脉解剖和肝外门脉分流。两组学生均可选择进行匿名课后学习评估。虽然两组学生的课后评估得分没有差异,但使用交互式电子书的学生在课前作业和活动上花费的时间明显长于纯文字叙述组的学生。在生成性学习活动中,纯文字叙述组的学生比电子书组的学生更有可能使用空间可视化策略。在课前任务上花费的时间与学习评估得分之间没有相关性。交互式电子书和生成性学习活动可能会成为兽医专业学生讲授复杂血管异常的课前辅助学习工具。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the Efficacy of a New Clinical Skills Model with a Traditional Method to Teach Tube Feeding of an Avian Patient. 比较新临床技能模式与传统方法在教授禽类患者管饲法方面的效果。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0033
Amy F Dronfield, Rowena S Killick, Sheena M Warman, Livia Benato, Nicola J Rooney

Interactive clinical skills models have been demonstrated to be useful for teaching medical and veterinary clinical skills, yet to date, very few exist for teaching skills relevant to zoological companion animals and wildlife species including birds. This two-part study aimed to create, develop, and validate a model. Interviews and a survey were conducted using veterinary and wildlife professionals to select an avian clinical skill that is challenging and performed frequently. Tube/gavage feeding, or "crop tubing" satisfied both criteria; on average it was performed 71 times a year by surveyed respondents and was rated 3.4/9 for difficulty of teaching and 3.5/9 for difficulty of learning. Therefore, a new model of a bird, made from a soft toy, silicone, and 3D printed parts, was designed to train students to perform this technique. Forty-two participants were recruited and divided into two groups; one used the model the other watched an instructional video on crop tubing. The students completed a self-evaluated confidence questionnaire, before and after, using either resource. They then performed the technique on a dead bird and their proficiency at 10 different actions that comprised the technique was evaluated by two assessors. The model group performed significantly better than the video group on all evaluated actions (U ≤ 143.5, p ≤ .0031), and reported significantly higher confidence (U = 129.5, p = 0.018). In conclusion, the newly developed model in combination with an instruction booklet offers an effective and inexpensive alternative way to teach crop tubing in a teaching environment, without compromising animal welfare.

互动式临床技能模型已被证明可用于医学和兽医临床技能教学,但迄今为止,用于动物学伴侣动物和野生动物(包括鸟类)相关技能教学的模型却寥寥无几。本研究由两部分组成,旨在创建、开发和验证一个模型。我们对兽医和野生动物专业人员进行了访谈和调查,以选择一项具有挑战性且经常使用的鸟类临床技能。管式饲喂或 "嗉囊饲喂 "符合这两个标准;受访者平均每年进行 71 次,教学难度为 3.4/9,学习难度为 3.5/9。因此,我们设计了一个由软体玩具、硅胶和 3D 打印部件制成的新鸟类模型,以训练学生掌握这项技术。我们招募了 42 名学员,并将他们分成两组,一组使用模型,另一组观看作物管上的教学视频。学生们在使用这两种资源之前和之后都填写了一份自我评估信心问卷。然后,他们在一只死鸟身上表演了这一技术,并由两名评估员对他们表演这一技术的 10 个不同动作的熟练程度进行了评估。模型组在所有评估动作上的表现都明显优于视频组(U ≤ 143.5,p ≤ .0031),并且自信心明显更高(U = 129.5,p = 0.018)。总之,新开发的模型与指导手册相结合,为在教学环境中教授作物管法提供了一种有效而廉价的替代方法,同时又不损害动物福利。
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引用次数: 0
AAVMC Notes. AAVMC 笔记。
IF 1.1 3区 农林科学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.50.6.note
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of veterinary medical education
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