Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

This case report describes the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of a self-limiting mandibular swelling in a juvenile, large breed dog with a diagnosis of mandibular periostitis ossificans (MPO). This is a pathologic syndrome of immature large breed dogs that presents with a unilateral, nonpainful, caudal mandibular swelling centering on the erupting first molar tooth. This condition affects dogs with a median age of approximately 4 months. The diagnosis of MPO, in this case, resulted from the assimilation of clinical and radiographic findings, along with woven bone proliferation on histopathology. A distinct "double cortex" seen on radiographs of the caudal mandible is a defining characteristic of MPO that is most likely due to an additional cortical bone layer being produced on the mandible. MPO spontaneously resolved indicating that treatment with benign neglect was successful. The pathogenesis of periostitis ossificans is likely to be multifactorial and the mandibular bone of young, large breed dogs appears to be intrinsically predisposed. Trauma, occlusal forces, and foreign bodies are considered risk factors in the development of MPO. In this case report, trauma from a previous bite wound when the dog was 9 weeks old was a risk factor for this dog in developing MPO.

The confirmation of a connection between the oral and nasal cavities provides a definitive diagnosis for an oronasal fistula (ONF). However, visual detection is difficult in patients with small fistulas. This study examined whether fluorescein sodium could be used to detect small ONFs. The study included 25 dogs that underwent dental examination and had confirmed periodontal pockets at the Amica Pet Clinic, Japan, between 2020 and 2022. Saline containing fluorescein sodium was injected into the periodontal pocket, termed a fluorescent "water-passing test," followed by detection of fluid discharge from the external naris using an examination light. Of the 25 dogs, 13 showed symptoms consistent with an ONF and of these, 12 were positive and one was negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. Of the 12 asymptomatic dogs, 3 tested positive and 9 tested negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. The fluorescent water-passing test enhanced visibility and facilitated the detection of small volumes of the discharged fluid. The results of this study confirmed the fluorescent water-passing test was useful for the detection of small ONFs.

Exotic companion mammals represent a branch of veterinary medicine with important implications in dentistry. The standard dental nomenclature and the systems of numbering teeth have not been applied in detail in these species and are not very familiar to many veterinarians. Selected species such as lagomorphs and rodents have anatomic and physiologic features that affect terminology and numbering. The dentition of marsupial species is also different than in placental mammals, complicating use of the modified Triadan system. This article describes, illustrates, and compares the 4 numbering systems that currently are used in dentistry for the most common exotic mammal species, and proposes a modification to the Triadan system for application to marsupials.

Rostral mandibular injuries present unique challenges for repair. The presence of strategically important teeth which occupy a large volume of the mandible, multiple tooth roots and the mental neurovascular bundle all combine to limit treatment options that serve to preserve the form and function of the involved structures. This case series describes the approach to treatment for rostral mandibular trauma seen in four dogs with a unique etiology that has not been previously described.

The use of proper sedative and regional anesthetic protocols is essential when performing equine dental surgical procedures under standing sedation. The efficacy of the rostral inferior alveolar nerve block via the mental foramen has not been previously studied. Aims of this study included determining the efficacy of the block, investigating whether any region (labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, or teeth) was more reliably anesthetized, and if differences in efficacy existed between bilateral and unilateral blocks. In this blinded trial, 10 horses each were randomly assigned to receive a left unilateral block, right unilateral block or bilateral blocks and 5 horses were bilateral controls. For unilateral groups, the contralateral side of the horse acted as its own unilateral control. Mechanical nociceptive stimulus methods were used to determine response to stimulus at time points pre-sedation, post-sedation, and post-injection at 10, 30, 60, and 90 min. Results were evaluated in 4 groups: unilateral blocks, unilateral controls, bilateral blocks and bilateral controls. Overall, all groups were significantly less likely to respond to stimulus at time points post-sedation, T10, and T30, whereas only blocked sites were less likely to respond at T60 and T90 compared to pre-sedation. There was no significant difference in response to stimuli of blocked sites between the 3 regions at all time points. Overall, at T60 and T90, blocks produced regional anesthesia in 73% and 55% of sites, respectively. This study demonstrated the equine mental foramen regional nerve block has varied efficacy, producing partial or incomplete regional anesthesia in some cases.

Masticatory myositis (MM) is an inflammatory myopathy reported in dogs and is characterized by inflammation of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles). Immunosuppressive therapy is the current recommended treatment for MM and may involve glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, or a combination of these treatments that are slowly tapered to the lowest effective dose. However, side effects from multimodal medical therapy and complications associated with MM relapses have been reported. The purpose of this case series was to report oclacitinib as a treatment alternative to traditional medical management of MM. The intent of this alternative is to manage side effects from glucocorticoid use. Oclacitinib (1mg/kg per os q12h) was used solely for treatment of MM in three dogs. The dogs were followed up to >6 months after oclacitinib administration. An increase in oral range of motion, as determined by gape angle, was noted in all three dogs. However, a corresponding drop in antibody titers (2M fiber) did not occur. All dogs showed improvement in overall clinical management of MM, side effects from glucocorticoids, and clinical signs related to chronic prednisone use. Larger controlled trials with consistent measurements (interincisal distance, gape angle) and 2M fiber antibody titers are indicated to further assess validation of oclacitinib treatment of MM. The clinical outcome of all dogs was considered successful.

A 6-month-old intact male Dalmatian mix puppy was presented for the evaluation of left maxillary swelling due to a suspected cyst and an unerupted left maxillary canine tooth. Removal of the unerupted left maxillary canine tooth (204) and enucleation of the cyst was performed, followed by histological analysis, which identified the maxillary swelling to be a cystic ameloblastic fibroma. Ameloblastic fibromas are rare in companion animals, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first cystic variant reported in dogs. The clinical, radiographic, cone beam computed tomography, and histological findings of this case are discussed and compared with the findings of previously documented human and domestic animal cases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from numerous tissues and have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Evidence is accumulating which suggests that MSCs are also present in the gingival tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of collecting, purifying, and amplifying gingival-derived MSCs (GMSCs) from canine gingiva and to obtain GMSC-derived exosomes (GMSC-exo). GMSCs were isolated and cultured; furthermore, cellular immunofluorescence demonstrated that GMSCs possess characteristic MSC markers, and in vitro differentiation was induced, indicating that GMSCs can differentiate into multiple lineages. GMSC-exo was successfully extracted from GMSCs supernatant and found that they exhibit the typical characteristics of exosomes as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoflow analysis, and western blotting. GMSC-exo promoted the proliferation and migration of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. It was concluded that canine gingiva is a good source of MSCs. Additionally, GMSC-exo is a potentially promising cell-free therapeutic tool for the treatment of canine gingival diseases.