Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

A retrospective analysis of medical records from a specialty dental practice was performed, and all cases of full-coverage titanium alloy crowns of canine teeth in dogs were reviewed. Only 5 cases of failure were noted in a total of 53 crowns in 25 dogs. No bond failures between the prepared tooth and the crown were noted; all cases of failure were due to fracture of the tooth apical to the crown margin. The success rate of retention was 100% whereas the overall tooth survival was 91%. Risk factors for tooth fracture, such as crown height-to-diameter ratio, were identified.

In this study, the changes caused by local and systemic inflammatory and immunological reactions and oxidative stress in the levels of some biomarkers and parameters in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation were investigated. Fifty dogs were randomly assigned into five equal groups: 1. healthy control (NC); 2. local clinoptilolite applied during treatment (C); 3. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clinoptilolite and chlorhexidine used together during treatment (ACC); 4. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite applied together during treatment (AC); and 5. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid used during treatment (A). The results showed the increase in the total antioxidant capacity measurement level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. The decrease in the total antioxidant status (TOS) level between days 0 and 7 was found to be significant in all groups. The decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. It was observed that the interleukin-1 β (IL-1B) level between days 0 and 7 showed a substantial decrease in the ACC and AC groups and that the matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and osteocalcin levels decreased significantly between days 0 and 7 in the C and AC groups. In evaluating the treatment used in this study, it was concluded that applying amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation was more successful than other treatment protocols.

Sedation is important for safe equine dental procedures, but it is unknown if there is a higher risk of sedation causing hypothermia in procedures performed during cold months. The authors hypothesize that sedation for a dental procedure will significantly decrease rectal body temperature in cold as compared to warm ambient temperatures. Adult equids (N = 246), from a private equine dentistry practice, that underwent dental equilibration, were selected for the study. Each horse's weight was estimated and sedation was administered intravenously (0.01 mg/kg detomidine and 0.01 mg/kg butorphanol) and intramuscularly (0.5 mg/kg xylazine and 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine). Ambient and serial rectal temperatures (presedation [PRE], 15 min after initial intravenous sedation [POST15], and at the end of the procedure [END]) were recorded. Statistics included Shapiro-Wilks test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and a Friedman test with Dunn's posthoc test (significant at P < .05). Ambient temperatures ranged from -7.8 °C to 30 °C. The median (95% confidence interval) rectal temperature was PRE: 37.4 (37.2 °C-37.7 °C), POST15: 37.5 (37.2 °C-37.8 °C), and END: 37.4 (37.1 °C-37.7 °C). POST15 temperatures were significantly increased from PRE (P = .001) to END (P = .005) temperatures. PRE to END temperatures were not significantly different (P > .9). There was a weak positive correlation between ambient and POST15 temperatures (rho = .26, P < .001) and END temperatures (rho = .25, P < .001). Seven animals became hypothermic (<36 °C), only 2 at ambient temperatures below 4.44 °C. Rectal body temperature in equids after sedation at ambient temperatures between -7 °C and 30 °C remains at a safe level in most instances, suggesting dental procedures can be performed under sedation during cold weather.

This case describes the diagnosis and treatment of a bilateral caudoventral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in a 7-year-old intact male Persian cat following a fall from the fourth floor of a building. The patient sustained traumatic brain injury and dental fractures. Diagnostic imaging, including intraoral radiographs and computed tomography, confirmed a bilateral caudoventral TMJ luxation. Surgical intervention was delayed for 10 days due to the patient's neurological status, limiting the chances for a successful joint reduction. A modified surgical approach facilitated precise localization of the condylar process and minimized morbidity. Postoperative outcome was favorable, with the patient resuming voluntary eating within 5 days. Timely and accurate treatment is essential for the successful restoration of joint function in feline patients suffering from traumatic dislocation of the TMJ. This is particularly critical in brachycephalic breeds, which may have a predisposition to such injuries.

Mandibular fractures in cats are relatively common and likely to cause malocclusion. Maxillomandibular fixation and internal fixation with plates and screws are among the described repair methods in the literature. Interosseous wiring and interdental splints are surgical techniques indicated for simple and stable fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical stability of 2 caudal mandibular transverse fracture repair techniques using interosseous wires and acrylic interdental splints. Technique 1-Interosseous-to-Interosseous Wire Technique (IIWT) involved fracture stabilization using 2 interosseous wires between the bone fragments on the dorsal and ventral aspects of the mandible. Technique 2-Interosseous-to-Interdental Wire Technique (IIDWT) involved utilization of one interosseous wire between the 2 bone fragments on the ventral aspect of the mandible and a modified interdental wire pattern and splint, made of bis-acrylic material, on the alveolar margin of the mandible. Twenty feline mandibles with grossly normal tooth morphology and complete dentition were chosen for the study. There was no statistical difference between the mechanical strength of IIWT and IIDWT. The peak loads were determined to be 58.47N for IIWT and 63.98N for IIDWT. These findings suggest that IIWT provides mechanical stability comparable to IIDWT and may serve as a simpler alternative for mandibular fracture fixation that allows the patient to return to normal function more quickly. More clinical studies need to be performed to better assess overall stability of repairs in a clinical patient and to determine accurate bite forces in cats.

Odontomas are rare, benign odontogenic tumors in dogs, cats, humans, and other species. Although odontomas have been referenced as occurring in dogs and cats, there are no publications pertaining to odontomas in cats. This case series of nine odontomas in eight cats includes description of clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging findings, histopathologic characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Common clinical presentations in this study include missing teeth, tooth displacement, presence of a fluctuant mass, and alveolar bone expansion. Diagnostic imaging reveals a mixed radiodense central opacity containing radiopaque tooth-like structures and a variably thick radiolucent rim, consistent with compound odontomas. However, one mature odontoma in an older patient had fusion of the denticles that complicated visualization of discrete denticles radiographically. Three lesions contained unerupted teeth and two had unilocular radiolucencies consistent with cyst formation. Although radiographic findings are often highly diagnostic for odontomas, it is recommended to send an oral biopsy of the lesion to a histopathologist who has a focus on oral and maxillofacial pathology for confirmation of the diagnosis. Common treatments include either surgical en bloc resection or enucleation and curettage. In this study, both treatment types were curative and there was no documented recurrence in the cats for whom follow-up was available.

Although dogs frequently suffer from periodontal disease, there is a lack of periodontal regeneration material for successful regeneration of periodontal pockets. This study presents a case series wherein periodontal tissue regeneration therapy using a mixture of autogenous bone and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was performed in 4 dogs with periodontitis. The advantage of both autogenous bone and PRP in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy has been reported previously. In addition, there are no limitations in accessing either of these materials, as they are obtained from the animal that is being treated. Periodontal tissue regeneration was achieved with attachment gain in 3 of 4 cases that was equivalent to that of trafermin, which was used as a positive control (autogenous bone and PRP: 3.5 ± 0.50 mm, trafermin: 4.2 ± 1.09 mm). Similar results were observed in root bifurcation lesions. The study concluded that mixtures of autogenous bone and PRP are a viable choice for periodontal tissue regeneration therapy in dogs, especially when there are limitations in the availability of periodontal regeneration materials.

There are significant gaps in our understanding of the oral biology of the "Vulnerable" Babyrousa spp. of Indonesia. A photographic and computed tomography (CT) scanning study was carried out on 62 maxillary incisors and 114 mandibular incisors of 8 adult male Babyrousa babyrussa skulls and 14 skulls of Babyrousa celebensis. An additional group comprised 4 adult males and one subadult male, Babyrousa celebensis. The 4 maxillary incisors (102, 101, 201, and 202) and the 4 mesial mandibular incisors (302, 301, 401, and 402) were open-rooted, dentin structures. The dentine-composed lateral mandibular incisors (303 and 403) had closed roots. Maxillary incisor tooth length, and tooth root length, depth, and breadth were measured. Measurements were also made of mandibular incisor tooth and root lengths, and in 302, 301, 401, 402, the tooth depth and breadth at the apex and at 50% of the incisor length. The pulp depth and breadth of these teeth in both species decreased from the apex along the length of the tooth, while the secondary dentin depth increased. Primary dentine depth measured at the apex of the mandibular teeth did not change. Tooth wear patterns on the lingual surfaces of the incisors were attributed to mandibular yaw movements during mastication.

In equine husbandry, oral cavity procedures are commonly performed and may be associated with complications, including extraoral diseases, potentially resulting from bacterial contamination and inadequate antisepsis. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a major issue for healthcare professionals, including veterinarians that may misuse these pharmaceuticals. Therefore, developing novel methods for antisepsis is desirable. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a 100 µg/ml ozonized injectable water solution versus 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Fifty adult equines had swab samples collected from their oral cavities, to make cultures and isolate the main microorganisms present. Half of the animals then had their mouths washed with 0.12% chlorhexidine and the other half were treated with the 100 µg/ml ozonized solution mouthwash. Following these treatments, another swab sample was obtained from each animal, and the culture repeated. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and the number of times a microbe genus was present were counted. The genera isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas, as well as yeast cells. The first 3 were the most prevalent, present in over 70% of the animals. The authors concluded that in healthy horses, a single mouth rinse with a 100 µg/ml ozonized solution was less effective than 0.12% chlorhexidine for reducing CFU count and presence. This study confirmed the known efficacy of chlorhexidine and its superiority to ozonized water. It also highlighted the importance of performing procedures antiseptically.