Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Oral and dental diseases are among the most common problems observed in small-breed dogs. The Yorkshire Terrier is one of the breeds that most often exhibits oral disease at an early stage, namely, periodontal disease as well as persistent deciduous teeth. The present study aims to describe and analyze primary dental-skeletal anomalies in Yorkshire Terrier dogs aged <2 years, observed in referral dentistry practices, between 2015 and 2024. Dogs with full-mouth dental radiographs and charting were included. Dental agenesis, malocclusions and crowding, persistent deciduous teeth, and shape anomalies were the most frequent findings. Agenesis was mostly encountered in mandibular third molars (90% of dogs, 53 of 183 missing teeth) and was significantly associated with the presence of fused roots in the second molars (P = .0006). Shape abnormalities included microdontia, dilaceration, and fused roots. The previously described bilateral carnassial tooth malformations were observed in 10% of individuals. Eruption anomalies were significantly associated with malocclusion (P = .008). Although these results were based on a convenience sample referred for dental consultation and cannot be extrapolated for the overall population, they show a tendency, which can be a reflection of the dogs' reduced size. Hypodontia and oligodontia in these breeds are possibly an advantage, which can decrease occurrence and severity of malocclusions.

This study documents dental anomalies in 2414 Merino ewe sheep (Ovis aries) from 7 Australian Merino Sire Evaluation Association sites observed during routine husbandry. Teeth were photographed and evaluated using visual scoring protocols to assess plaque accumulation, enamel wear, and other anomalies across all incisors. Plaque scoring revealed a median plaque score of 3 (IQR ± 1) on buccal surfaces and 2 (IQR ± 2) on lingual surfaces, indicating substantial plaque accumulation across incisors. Two cases of geminated incisors and one case of fused central incisors were identified, representing the first documented cases in sheep and expanding existing knowledge of dental anomalies in sheep. Dental wear assessments showed that 13% of 10-month-old ewes and 33% of 20-month-old ewes had significant enamel loss or pulp exposure, with an average of 2 teeth per affected ewe displaying pulp necrosis. Amelogenesis imperfecta was recorded in 5% of the younger and 37% of the older groups. Missing incisors, suggesting early dentition changeover, were observed in 9% of 20-month-old sheep. Localized enamel hypoplasia, potentially resulting from trauma or disruptions during enamel development, was noted in 1% of both age groups. Dental caries was identified in five 20-month-old ewes with permanent incisors. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the range and prevalence of dental conditions in Merino sheep, including common wear patterns and rare anomalies. Documenting such conditions in sheep contributes valuable information to veterinary dentistry, highlighting the need for further research into incisor health in sheep.

Tooth resorption is a common finding in imaging and oral examination of the canine veterinary dental patient. Although significant literature exists on tooth resorption in the feline, available canine tooth resorption publications are sparse. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of canine tooth resorption, including diagnosis, classification, and treatment.

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) is an invasive benign epithelial odontogenic tumour most commonly affecting the mandible of large breed dogs. To the author's knowledge, this report describes the first computer-aided design patient-specific implant (PSI) that has been placed for a critical sized bone defect in mandibular reconstruction of a dog in the UK. The aim was to restore mandibular stability using a regenerative approach combining a titanium locking plate and compression-resistant matrix infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to bridge the 85 mm mandibular defect created by a segmental mandibulectomy. A 7-year-old neutered crossbreed dog with a focal 60 × 45 × 30 mm³ mildly ulcerated mass on the left mandible was presented. Histopathology confirmed a CAA. A left segmental mandibulectomy was followed by a delayed (secondary) reconstructive surgery. The porous titanium scaffold was manufactured from the first computed tomography (CT) scan and was designed with a channel to be filled with a compression-resistant osteoconductive resorbable sponge material infused with an osteoinductive solution containing rhBMP-2. Follow-up CT scans were performed on the day of the second surgery, and 4 and 12 months after the second surgery. Filling the porous titanium scaffold with an osteoconductive strip mixed with rhBMP-2 promoted bone remodeling and stimulated partial osseous integration of the implant; however there was no evidence of complete osteosynthesis bridging the bone defect as initially expected. Twelve months after reconstruction, dorsal longitudinal implant exposure necessitated PSI explantation. This study reflects a recent surgical therapeutic approach that can be utilised to reconstruct mandibles. PSIs can help reduce the known postoperative complications inherent to large gap mandibulectomies. Therefore, their use has the potential to improve patient welfare by restoring mandibular and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stability, preventing mandibular drift, improving prehension, and reducing the risk of secondary TMJ degenerative disease and pain. It is likely that some implant design refinement is required to achieve better success rates for these challenging cases.

This case report presents the removal of the left maxillary fourth premolar tooth (208) which had a chronic complicated crown root fracture in a 9-year-old Warmblood mare. Following a 14-month history of malodorous nasal discharge, clinical and radiographic examination allowed the diagnosis of a comminuted crown root fracture of 208 and oronasal fistula. Some root fragments inaccessible for oral extraction were subsequently removed using a transnasal approach through the existing oronasal fistulous tract using bronchoesophageal forceps under endoscopic guidance. The oronasal fistula was surgically debrided and the alveolus was occluded with polyvinyl siloxane to avoid postoperative food contamination. This minimally invasive approach prevented the need for more extensive external approaches, reducing the risk of complications. This case highlights the value of careful surgical planning and demonstrates the feasibility of minimally invasive techniques for complex equine dental extractions in particular cases.

The present study investigated the molecular presence of 4 species of pathogenic periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gulae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 230 household dogs with or without gingivitis, dental plaque and/or calculus. Overall, T. forsythia was most frequently present (77.8%), followed by P. gulae (50.9%), T. denticola (38.7%), and P. gingivalis (34.8%). A higher percentage of these bacteria was associated with factors such as age, grade of gingivitis, and an increase in dental plaque and/or calculus that indicated poor oral cleanliness. Even without a direct relation to gingivitis and plaque and/or calculus, these 4 species were consistently found not only in older dogs but also in younger ones. The results suggest that these bacteria are commonly present in household dogs, which puts them at risk of developing periodontal disease. Considering that 3 species of bacteria, excluding P. gulae, have zoonotic potential, it emphasizes the need for caution to prevent transmission between dogs and humans. Regarding overall bacterial DNA copy numbers, there was a wide range, with P. gulae having the most, followed by T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and finally, T. denticola. The copy numbers did not always correlate with prevalence. The DNA copy numbers of T. forsythia were significantly lower in cases of higher-grade gingivitis and when there was poor oral cleanliness. These findings highlight the complexity of the interplay between bacterial type, prevalence, DNA copy numbers, and the oral health of household dogs.

Giant pandas have a high incidence of tooth wear, loss, and fracture since their diet is specifically bamboo. Dental implantation is a common treatment for tooth loss in humans while rarely reported in wild animals. To explore the applicability of dental implantation in giant pandas, this study measured mandible parameters of the giant panda, from an adult skeletal specimen. The mandible bone block model was developed using computer-aided design 3D mechanical drawing software. Implants of different radius and thread types of the third premolar tooth (PM3) were assembled and imported into an analysis software system for finite element analysis. As a result, the reverse buttress implant with a radius of 7.5 mm and 8.3 mm, and a length of 15 mm was found to be the most suitable implant for use in the giant panda PM3. This study provides a reference for appropriate clinical giant panda dental implantation, although, the feasibility of giant panda dental implantation needs to be studied further.